CN104584835B - A kind of rose growing on hill-side method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating roses in mountainous areas, which includes specific location selection, rose seedling selection, planting time, cultivation density, site preparation, planting, seedling management, pruning, water and fertilizer management, pest control and the like for rose mountainous cultivation. The invention utilizes mountainous areas to plant roses without destroying the ecology and occupying cultivated land, ensuring that land for grain production is not occupied, which is of great significance to ensuring national food security, and can expand the planting area of Damascus roses to certain altitude areas in some southern provinces of my country. , to promote the development of the rose industry, especially the Damascus rose industry.

Description

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a method for cultivating roses in mountainous areas.

Background technique

Among all plant essential oils, only rose essential oil has the longest reputation and is known as the "queen of essential oils". Bulgaria is recognized as the best origin of rose essential oil in the international market. Damask rose is the main rose variety in Bulgaria, and it is also recognized as the best rose variety in the world. Rose essential oil extracted from roses is expensive. At present, the market price is 200-300 yuan/gram, known as "liquid gold". In the northern part of my country, roses are mostly planted on the plains, which need to occupy arable land and compete with grain production for time and land. The north is the dominant grain production area in my country, with vast land suitable for mechanized farming, and has advantages in the development of grain production.

Due to the requirements of climate and environmental conditions for the planting of Damascus roses, it has been only planted in the south of Beijing and the north of the Yangtze River in the plains of our country. By the end of the 1980s, Damascus roses were only planted in the Weihe Valley, Shangzhou and Zhou regions in Weinan, Shaanxi. Planting in a few areas such as Sichuan Panxi area has been successful. At present, the national Damascus rose planting area is about 467hm, mainly distributed in Weinan, Shaanxi and Liangshan, Sichuan. This limits the development of the Damask rose industry.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rose mountain cultivation method that neither destroys ecology nor takes up arable land, and this method is especially suitable for planting damascena rose.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude of 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, a sunny side, a half-slope or a valley with streams nearby, frequent morning fog, and a slope of less than 60 degrees;

2) Soil preparation: For the gentle slope mountain with a slope below 30 degrees, it is advisable to choose the sunny side, and open terraces with a height of 30-50cm and a width of 2-2.5m around the mountain; and rake around the pit;

3) Planting: Plow the soil deeply by 20-30cm, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 4- 5 kg, and add 45-50g of superphosphate, thin soil and cover fertilizer, then plant rose seedlings in the planting holes, spread the roots of the seedlings around, and tilt the seedlings 40-60 degrees to the shade to For the germination and growth of the tender buds and the pruning of the tree shape in the future, the tip is exposed to the ground; then the soil is filled, stepped on when the soil is filled to half the height, and the soil is continued until the soil surface is lower than the hole surface, and the root water is poured, and then covered. A thin layer of soil; then cover the soil with a layer of straw or wheat stalks, grass straws, in order to protect moisture, restrain grass, and prevent soil erosion at the same time;

4) Seedling management: Due to the use of straw mulch, the growth of weeds is inhibited, so the weeding at the seedling stage depends on the specific situation, and weeding in individual places with weeds; the soil should be kept moist at the seedling stage, but it should not be too wet for a long time to prevent rot Roots, therefore, wait until the ground surface is 5-8 cm below dry before watering;

After the seedlings survive, many new branches will germinate from the base. When the new branches grow to 20-40cm long, push the branches down between the plants or around them, cultivate the soil, expose the tips of 5-10 cm branches, and make the tips as vertical as possible. To promote more new branches to germinate; or when the new branches grow to 5-10 cm long, remove the top growth advantage to promote branching, and timely cultivate the soil to the tip, so that the new shoot that grows again will take root in the soil, By promoting new branches, gradually expand the cluster until it is closed;

5) Pruning: The purpose of pruning is to increase the yield of rose flowers. Pruning after flowering and autumn and winter pruning must be carried out every year, while pruning for rejuvenation depends on the growth status of the plant. For plants whose flower production has begun to decline, the whole plant is stubbled from the base 50 cm above the ground.

After the flowers bloom every year, cut off the branches, dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, and cross-overlapped branches; after the leaves of the roses fall, cut in autumn and winter every December, and shorten the long and leggy branches. Prune to promote branching and keep the crown neat.

6) Carry out water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants.

Described rose is Damask rose.

In the location selection, select a mountain with a slope less than 25 degrees.

The rose seedlings are pressed seedlings or cutting seedlings with a complete root system, and the pressing seedlings or cutting seedlings with a seedling age of more than 2 years are preferred.

The planting time is October-November in autumn or March-45 in spring.

The cultivation density of the roses is 300-400 plants/mu.

The pruning also includes rejuvenation shears. Depending on the growth status of the plants, for rose plants whose flower production has begun to decline, the whole plant is stubbled from the base of 50 cm above the ground.

The specific water and fertilizer management is as follows: roses are generally fertilized three times a year. In early spring every year, flower buds begin to germinate after the temperature is stabilized at 5°C. At this time, fertilization should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and 10-15 kg of urea should be applied per mu; In the flowering stage, if there is insufficient fertilizer and water, a large number of buds will fall, which will reduce the yield and quality. At this time, 10-15kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer should be topdressed per mu, combined with fertilization and watering at the same time; after flowering, depending on the condition of the plant , if the plants are thin and defertilized, topdress 10-15kg of compound fertilizer per mu; apply autumn fertilizer after autumn from August to October, and the autumn fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, about 1-3 kg per plant. Dig trenches at the projection of the edge of the crown, apply organic fertilizer, cultivate soil at the same time, and then irrigate; from November, stop water and fertilization; in order to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.

The pest control is specifically:

Insect pest control: The pests of roses are mainly aphids, spray them with imidacloprid WP 20 days before picking flowers; for hanging silkworms and other pests of diamondback moths, spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) suspension concentrate 500-800 times, or choose a mass concentration of 1.8 % of abamectin 2000 times liquid spray; if the insect damage is not serious, no control is required, and the spraying of pesticides is prohibited during the flowering period;

Disease control: black spot is the main disease of roses, and powdery mildew and downy mildew are also prone to occur in high-temperature and high-humidity seasons. Spray lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture or fenxining and other fungicides for prevention and control, and cut off the rust hazards in time in spring or during the growth period branches;

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be done one month before flowering, mainly adopting integrated agricultural biological control, avoiding chemical control during the flowering period, if pesticides are needed, only biological pesticides can be used.

The present invention adopts the above technical scheme, through key technologies such as location selection of rose mountain cultivation, selection of rose seedlings, planting time, cultivation density, site preparation, planting, seedling management, pruning, water and fertilizer management, and pest control, etc., and is applied to rose planting production field. The invention utilizes mountainous areas to plant roses without destroying ecology and occupying cultivated land, so as to ensure that land for grain production is not occupied, which is of great significance for ensuring national grain security. Moreover, the planting area of Damascena rose can be expanded to a certain altitude in some provinces and regions in southern my country, so as to promote the development of roses, especially the Damascus rose industry.

The present invention also has the following significant advantages: the cost of land rent for planting roses in mountainous land is greatly reduced, and the cost of land rent in mountainous land is generally only one-tenth of that of cultivated land. According to the calculation, planting in mountainous areas can save land rent of 450 yuan per mu per year; planting Damascus roses with the technology of layering, expanding clusters and sealing rows, the planting density of 300-400 plants per mu, calculated as 350 plants, is 500-600 higher than the traditional planting density on cultivated land. strain, in 500 strains, and every seedling is counted in 5 yuan, and the cost of purchasing seedlings per mu of the present invention is reduced by 750 yuan.

detailed description

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude between 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, sunny and shady, with a slope of less than 60 degrees;

2) Soil preparation: for gentle slopes below 30 degrees, terraces with a height of 30-50 cm and a width of 2-2.5 m are built around the mountain; for steep mountains with a slope of 30-60 degrees, fish scale pits are built along the mountains and the surrounding areas are raked ;

3) Planting: Plow the soil deeply by 20-30cm, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 4- 5 kg, add 45-50g of superphosphate, thin soil and cover fertilizer, and then plant rose seedlings in the planting holes. It is better, and then stretch the roots of the seedlings to the surroundings, and the seedlings are inclined 40-60 degrees to the shade; Set root water, then cover a layer of soil; then cover a layer of straw or straw, grass on the soil surface;

4) Seedling management: After the rose seedlings survive, new branches sprout from the base. When the new branches grow to 20-40cm long, push the branches down between the plants or around them, and cultivate the soil to expose the tips of 5-10 cm branches; or when the new branches grow When it grows to 5-10 cm long, the top growth advantage is removed to promote branching, and the soil is cultivated to the tip of the branch;

5) Pruning: After the flowers bloom every year, cut off the branches, dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, and cross-overlapped branches; Short pruning of elongated branches to promote branching and keep the crown tidy; pruning after flowering and autumn and winter pruning must be carried out every year, while pruning for rejuvenation can be done depending on the growth status of the plant. cm of stubble at the base.

6) Carry out water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants.

The rose is Damask rose, and the planting time is October-November in autumn or March-May in spring, and the cultivation density of the rose is 300-400 plants/mu.

The water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: (1) in early spring every year, when the flower buds start to germinate, fertilize 10-15 kg of urea per mu; Quick-acting compound fertilizer; (3) After flowering, if the rose plant is thin and defertilized, topdress compound fertilizer 10-15kg per mu; (4) After autumn comes from August to October, apply autumn fertilizer, fertilizing 1 - 3kg of organic fertilizer; (5) From November onwards, stop water and fertilization to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.

The specific pest control is: (1) pest control: spray imidacloprid wettable powder to prevent and control aphids; spray 500-800 times liquid of Bacillus thuringiensis suspension concentrate or 2000 times liquid spray of abamectin with a mass concentration of 1.8%, to prevent and control diamondback moth (2) Disease control: spray lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture or fenzaine fungicide to prevent and control black spot, powdery mildew and downy mildew.

Example 1

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude of 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, sunny and shady, with a slope of less than 25 degrees;

2) Soil preparation: open terraces around the mountain with a height of 30-50cm and a width of 2-2.5m;

3) Planting: Plow the soil 20cm deep, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply 4kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, and add Superphosphate 45g, thin soil and cover fertilizer, then implant Damascena rose seedlings in the planting holes, the rose seedlings are pressed seedlings or cutting seedlings with good root system, then spread the roots of the seedlings around, plant The seedlings are tilted 40 degrees to the shade direction; then cultivate the soil, step on it when the soil is filled to half the height, continue to cultivate the soil until the soil surface is lower than the hole surface, pour the root water, and then cover with a layer of soil; then cover the soil surface with a layer of soil Straw or straw, grass; the planting time is October-November in autumn, and the cultivation density of the rose is 300 plants/mu;

4) Seedling management: After the rose seedlings survive, new branches sprout from the base. When the new branches grow to 20cm long, press the branches to the space between or around the plants, and cultivate the soil to expose the 5cm branch tips; or when the new branches grow to 5cm long , remove the top growth advantage to promote branching, and cultivate the soil to the tip of the branch;

5) Pruning: After the flowers bloom every year, cut off the branches, dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, and cross-overlapped branches; Short pruning of elongated branches to promote branching and keep the crown tidy; pruning after flowering and autumn and winter pruning must be carried out every year, while pruning for rejuvenation can be done depending on the growth status of the plant. cm of stubble at the base.

6) Water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants;

The water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: (1) in early spring every year, when the flower buds start to germinate, fertilize 10 kg of urea per mu; ) After flowering, if the rose plant is thin and defertilized, topdress 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (4) After autumn comes from August to October, apply autumn fertilizer, and fertilize each plant with 1 kg of organic fertilizer; (5) November From now on, stop water and stop fertilization to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.

The pest control is as follows: (1) pest control: spray imidacloprid wettable powder to control aphids; spray Bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent 500-800 times liquid to control diamondback moth pests; Bordeaux mixture or fenxining fungicide to control black spot, powdery mildew and downy mildew.

Example 2

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude between 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, sunny and shady, with a slope of less than 60 degrees;

2) Soil preparation: For steep mountainous land with a slope of 30-60 degrees, fish scale pits are opened along the mountain, and the surroundings of the pits are raked;

3) Planting: Plow the soil 30cm deep, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply 5 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole, and Add superphosphate 50g, cover fertilizer with thin soil, and then implant rose seedlings in the planting hole. The rose seedlings are pressed seedlings or cutting seedlings with good root system, and then spread the roots of the seedlings to all sides, plant The seedlings are inclined 60 degrees to the shade direction; then the soil is filled, and when the soil is filled to half the height, the soil is stepped on, and the soil is continued until the soil surface is lower than the hole surface, and the root water is poured, and then a layer of soil is covered; then a layer of soil is covered on the soil surface Straw or straw, grass; the planting time is from March to May in spring, and the cultivation density of the rose is 400 plants/mu;

4) Seedling management: After the rose seedlings survive, new branches germinate from the base. When the new branches grow to 40cm long, press the branches to the space between or around the plants, and cultivate the soil to expose the tips of 10 cm branches; or when the new branches grow to 10 cm For a long time, remove the top growth advantage to promote branching, and cultivate the soil to the tip of the branch;

5) Pruning: After the flowers bloom every year, cut off the branches, dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, and cross-overlapped branches; Short pruning of elongated branches to promote branching and keep the crown tidy; pruning after flowering and autumn and winter pruning must be carried out every year, while pruning for rejuvenation can be done depending on the growth status of the plant. cm of stubble at the base.

6) Water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants;

The water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: (1) in early spring every year, when the flower buds start to germinate, fertilize 15 kg of urea per mu; (2) fertilize 15 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer per mu from the early bud germination stage to the blooming stage; (3) After the flowers bloom, if the rose plant is thin and defertilized, topdress 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (4) After autumn comes from August to October, apply autumn fertilizer, and apply 3kg of organic fertilizer per plant; (5) 11 From the beginning of the month, stop water and fertilization to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.

The pest control is as follows: (1) pest control: spraying imidacloprid wettable powder to prevent and control aphids; spraying 2000 times liquid spray of abamectin with a mass concentration of 1.8% to prevent and control diamondback moth pests; (2) disease control: spraying Lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture or fungicide fenxining to prevent and control black spot, powdery mildew and downy mildew.

Example 3

A kind of rose mountain cultivation method is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude of 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, sunny and sunny, and a slope of less than 30 degrees;

2) Soil preparation: open terraces around the mountain with a height of 30-50cm and a width of 2-2.5m;

3) Planting: Plow the soil deeply by 20-30cm, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 4- 5 kg, and add 45-50g of superphosphate, thin soil and cover fertilizer, and then plant rose seedlings in the planting hole, the rose seedlings are layered seedlings or cutting seedlings with good root system, and then the roots of the seedlings Stretch around, the seedlings are tilted 40-60 degrees to the shade; then cultivate the soil, fill it up to half the height, step on the ground, continue to cultivate the soil until the soil surface is lower than the hole surface, pour the root water, and then cover with a layer of soil Then cover the soil with a layer of straw or straw or grass; the planting time is March in spring, and the planting density of the roses is 350 plants/mu.

4) Seedling management: After the rose seedlings survive, new branches sprout from the base. When the new branches grow to 20-40cm long, push the branches down between the plants or around them, and cultivate the soil to expose the tips of 5-10 cm branches; or when the new branches grow When it grows to 5-10 cm long, the top growth advantage is removed to promote branching, and the soil is cultivated to the tip of the branch;

5) Pruning: After the flowers bloom every year, cut off the branches, dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, and cross-overlapped branches; Short pruning of elongated branches to promote branching and keep the crown tidy; pruning after flowering and autumn and winter pruning must be carried out every year, while pruning for rejuvenation can be done depending on the growth status of the plant. cm of stubble at the base.

6) Water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants;

The water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: (1) in early spring every year, when the flower buds start to germinate, fertilize 12 kg of urea per mu; (2) fertilize 13 kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer per mu from the initial stage of flower bud germination to the blooming period; (3) After the flowers bloom, if the rose plant is thin and defertilized, topdress 12kg of compound fertilizer per mu; (4) After autumn comes from August to October, apply autumn fertilizer, and fertilize each plant with 2kg of organic fertilizer; (5) 11 From the beginning of the month, stop water and fertilization to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.

The pest control is as follows: (1) pest control: spray imidacloprid wettable powder to control aphids; spray Bacillus thuringiensis suspending agent 500-800 times liquid to control diamondback moth pests; Bordeaux mixture or fenxining fungicide to control black spot, powdery mildew and downy mildew.

Claims (3)

1. a Damascus rose mountain cultivation method, is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps: 1) Location selection: choose a mountainous area with an altitude between 300-2500 meters, a temperature between -3°C-35°C, sunny and shady, with a slope of less than 60 degrees; 2) Soil preparation: for gentle slopes below 30 degrees, terraces with a height of 30-50 cm and a width of 2-2.5 m are built around the mountain; for steep mountains with a slope of 30-60 degrees, fish scale pits are built along the mountains and the surrounding areas are raked ; 3) Planting: Plow the soil deeply by 20-30cm, rake and level it; then excavate planting holes with length×width×height=50~55cm×50~55cm×30~35cm, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 4- 5 kg, and add superphosphate 45-50g, thin soil cover fertilizer, then implant rose seedlings in the planting holes, the cultivation density of roses is 300-400 plants/mu, and the described roses are Damask roses, and the described The best rose seedlings are pressed seedlings or cutting seedlings with a seedling age of more than 2 years. Spread the roots of the seedlings to the surroundings, and the seedlings are inclined 40-60 degrees to the shade; Continue to cultivate the soil until the soil surface is lower than the hole surface, pour the root water, and cover with another layer of soil; then cover the soil with a layer of straw; 4) Seedling management: After the rose seedlings survive, new branches sprout from the base. When the new branches grow to 20-40cm long, push the branches down between the plants or around them, and cultivate the soil to expose the tips of 5-10 cm branches; or when the new branches grow When it grows to 5-10 cm long, the top growth advantage is removed to promote branching, and the soil is cultivated to the tip of the branch to promote new branches, and gradually expand the cluster until the row is closed; 5) Pruning, water and fertilizer management and pest control for rose plants; The pruning includes rejuvenation shears, and the stubble treatment is carried out from the base of 50 cm above the ground to the rose plants whose flower yield has begun to decline; The water and fertilizer management is specifically: in the early spring of each year, when the flower buds start to germinate, the fertilization per mu is 10-15 kg of urea; From the early stage of flower bud germination to the blooming stage, fertilize 10-15kg of quick-acting compound fertilizer per mu; After the flowers bloom, topdress compound fertilizer 10-15kg per mu; After the fall in August-October, apply autumn fertilizer, 1-3kg of organic fertilizer per plant; From November, stop water and fertilization to inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth; Described disease and insect pest control is specifically as follows: Insect pest control: Spray with imidacloprid wettable powder 20 days before picking flowers, and spray Bacillus thuringiensis suspension concentrate 500-800 times liquid, or use abamectin 2000 times liquid spray with a mass concentration of 1.8% for diamondback moth pests; Disease control: Use lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture or fungicide to prevent and control, and cut off the branches damaged by rust in time in spring or during the growth period. 2. a kind of damascena rose mountain cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described position selection, selects the mountain that gradient is less than 25 degree. 3. a kind of damascena rose mountain cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the planting time of damascena rose is annual autumn October-November or spring March-May.