CN104150974B - A soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of soil conditioner and the application thereof that prevent and treat tobacco bacterial wilt, this soil conditioner is prepared by following methods: 1) by after residual active sludge drying, pulverizes and sieves net, obtains fine powder; 2), after the compression of step 1) gained fine powder being granulated, carry out pyrolysis under anoxic conditions, rear cooling, to obtain final product.The soil conditioner of control tobacco bacterial wilt of the present invention, containing abundant gac and mineral substance, can supplement the organic content of soil, effectively preserves moisture and nutriment, increases soil fertility; Utilize this soil conditioner to improve soil physical and chemical property, fertilizer conservation can protect nitrogen, promote plant growth, effectively can prevent and treat soil-borne disease again, especially significantly can prevent and treat tobacco bacterial wilt; Can heavy metal-passivated, supplement plant nutrient, eliminate soil continuous cropping obstacle; Regulate soil microenvironment, improve the disease resistance of crop; Solve the handling problems of residual active sludge, turn waste into wealth, to greatest extent recycling sludge is utilized.

Description

A soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and its application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt, and also relates to the application of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt in the preparation of environmentally friendly adsorption materials.

Background technique

Activated sludge method is the basic method of sewage treatment. It has the advantages of low operating cost, low treatment cost and good sewage treatment effect. It is suitable for large water volume and high load sewage treatment, so it has been widely used, especially in urban sewage treatment. The activated sludge method is widely used.

Activated sludge is composed of aerobic microorganisms that have the ability to adsorb and decompose organic pollutants in sewage, showing biochemical activity. When the activated sludge method treats sewage, these biological flocs are suspended in the sewage to form a mixed solution, so that the organic matter in the sewage can fully contact with the activated sludge microorganisms. The dissolved organic matter will be adsorbed by the cells and absorbed into the protoplasm of the cells, and oxidized and decomposed under the action of intracellular enzymes. After the suspended state and colloidal organic pollutants in the sewage are adsorbed, they are decomposed into soluble low-molecular organic matter under the action of microbial extracellular enzymes, and then enter the interior of the cell to decompose the organic matter and purify the sewage. At the same time, new cells Substances are continuously synthesized and the amount of activated sludge is also increasing. In order to maintain an appropriate sludge concentration in the aeration tank and ensure the activity level of the sludge in the tank during operation, it is inevitable to discharge a part of the activated sludge, resulting in a considerable amount of residual activated sludge. The remaining activated sludge produced in the process of papermaking wastewater treatment by activated sludge method is papermaking surplus sludge, which has high fiber content, is easy to dehydrate, contains alkaline components, and does not contain heavy metals.

Excess activated sludge is a resource that has been misplaced. If it is not handled properly, it will cause serious secondary pollution. Therefore, the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge has become a major problem affecting the ecological environment. At present, the remaining activated sludge disposal methods mainly include landfill, composting and incineration, etc., but these methods have disadvantages: landfilling sludge needs to occupy a large amount of agricultural land, resulting in waste of land resources, and it is easy to damage the soil. and groundwater pollution; biological composting equipment has a large investment and high cost, which is not suitable for popularization and application; incineration not only has high investment and high operating costs, but also causes waste of resources, and also causes serious pollution to the atmospheric environment.

Soil-borne diseases refer to diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses that live in the soil with diseased residues and attack from crop roots or stems when conditions are suitable. Tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt are a class of serious tobacco soil-borne diseases. They usually infect the roots of tobacco, cause diseases of crop roots and even the whole plant, and cause significant economic losses. Phytopathologists believe that plant disease is closely related to three factors: host, pathogenic bacteria and environment. When pathogenic bacteria and susceptible hosts meet in a suitable environment, plants will begin to develop disease. If any of these three factors are changed or eradicated , can reduce or control plant diseases.

The existing soil conditioner is made of agricultural water-retaining agent and natural peat rich in organic matter and humic acid or other organic matter as the main raw materials, supplemented by biologically active components and nutritional elements, and processed by scientific technology. It has the three major soil conditioning properties of water retention, fertilization, and ventilation; it is non-pollution, pollution-free, and bio-hormone-free. It is different from various chemical fertilizers, pesticides, foliar fertilizers, and bio-hormones. It is a new type of green production material for agricultural and forestry planting. However, the existing soil conditioners mainly focus on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increasing the fertility of the soil, and the effect of preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases cannot meet the needs of people.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt.

The second object of the present invention is to provide the application of a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt in the preparation of environmentally friendly adsorption materials.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt, prepared by the following method:

1) After dehydrating the remaining activated sludge, dry it at 105-120°C for 10-15 hours, crush it through a sieve to obtain a fine powder;

2) The fine powder obtained in step 1) is compressed and granulated, then pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the product.

The remaining activated sludge described in step 1) is the remaining activated sludge generated during the treatment of papermaking wastewater by the activated sludge method.

The screen mesh in step 1) is 80-120 mesh.

The size of the granules obtained by compression granulation in step 2) is ￠3mm×5mm～￠5mm×8mm.

The pyrolysis temperature in step 2) is 550-650° C., and the pyrolysis time is 0.5-2 hours.

The combustible gas produced in the pyrolysis process in step 2) can be recycled for heating in the pyrolysis process.

An application of the above-mentioned soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt in the preparation of an environmentally friendly adsorption material.

The environmental protection adsorption material is prepared by acidifying the soil conditioner.

The acidification modification refers to immersing in dilute acid for 1-2 hours, washing to neutrality and drying at 105-120°C.

The dilute acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid with a concentration of 1-3 mol/L.

The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt of the present invention converts remaining activated sludge into a kind of carbide by pyrolysis under anoxic conditions, and contains rich mineral components, such as K, in addition to rich activated carbon components. , Ca, Mg, Si and trace elements, etc.; has the characteristics of activated carbon: developed pore structure and huge specific surface area, has sufficient chemical stability, mechanical strength, acid and alkali resistance; rich in micropores, not only can supplement the soil The content of organic matter can also effectively preserve water and nutrients, and improve soil fertility; using this soil conditioner to improve soil physical and chemical properties can not only maintain fertilizer and nitrogen, promote crop growth, but also effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases, especially significantly control Tobacco bacterial wilt; it can prevent secondary salinization of soil, passivate heavy metals, supplement plant nutrients, and eliminate soil re-cropping obstacles; adjust soil micro-ecological environment and improve crop disease resistance; the application of this soil conditioner can improve tobacco Field soil, especially acidic soil; solve the problem of disposal of excess activated sludge, turn waste into treasure, maximize the utilization of sludge resources; simple process, low energy consumption, low cost, long-term stable performance, easy for industrial production .

The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt of the present invention is used in the preparation of environmentally friendly adsorption materials. The functional groups on the surface of the soil conditioner of the present invention mainly include carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, ether, etc., and the adsorption effect is good; the soil conditioner itself or After treatment, it can be widely used in the advanced treatment of drinking water and wastewater treatment. It has a strong adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions in the solution. It has an obvious effect in the treatment of lead-containing wastewater, and the treatment rate is close to 100%. The adsorption capacity of various heavy metal ions such as lead and copper is stronger than that of activated carbon, which saves non-renewable resources such as raw material coal and wood of activated carbon, and has good economic and environmental benefits.

When the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt of the present invention is used to prepare environmentally friendly adsorption materials, the effect is enhanced after acidification modification; the dilute acid used for acidification modification can be selected according to the application, and hydrochloric acid can be used when only group activity is required. When group activity and calcium and other elements are required, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid can be used.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the scanning electron micrograph of embodiment 1 gained soil conditioner;

Fig. 2 is the scanning electron micrograph of embodiment 2 gained material, and wherein a is the obtained soil conditioner of embodiment 2, and b is the environmental protection adsorption material of embodiment 2 gained;

Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrogram of Experimental Example 3, wherein (a) is the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1, (b) is the environmentally friendly adsorbent material obtained in Example 2, and (c) is the environmentally friendly adsorbent after adsorbing Pb (II) .

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

Example 1

The soil conditioner of the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt of the present embodiment is prepared by the following method:

1) After dehydrating the papermaking residual activated sludge produced by activated sludge method papermaking wastewater treatment, dry it at 120°C for 10 hours, and crush it through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fine powder;

2) Compress and granulate the fine powder obtained in step 1) (￠5mm×8mm), then perform pyrolysis at 600°C for 1 hour under anaerobic conditions, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt agent.

The soil conditioner obtained in the present embodiment is a black particle, as shown in Figure 1.

The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt obtained in this example can improve soil physical and chemical properties, passivate heavy metals, supplement soil Ca, Mg and other plant nutrients, eliminate soil replanting obstacles, and inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

Example 2

The soil conditioner of the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt of the present embodiment is prepared by the following method:

1) After dehydrating the papermaking residual activated sludge produced by activated sludge method papermaking wastewater treatment, dry it at 110°C for 12 hours, and crush it through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fine powder;

2) Compress and granulate the fine powder obtained in step 1) (￠5mm×8mm), then perform pyrolysis at 600°C for 1 hour under anaerobic conditions, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt agent.

Add the obtained soil conditioner to sulfuric acid with a concentration of 3mol/L, put it into a shaking table and shake it for 2 hours, the speed of the shaking table is 120r/min, wash it with water until it is neutral, and dry it at 120°C to obtain an environmentally friendly adsorption Material.

The environmentally friendly adsorption material prepared by using the soil conditioner obtained in this example has good adsorption effect and can be widely used in advanced treatment of drinking water and wastewater treatment. Obviously, the treatment rate is close to 100%; it is easy to separate and recycle, and the adsorption capacity of various heavy metal ions is stronger than that of activated carbon.

Example 3

The soil conditioner of the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt of the present embodiment is prepared by the following method:

1) After dehydrating the remaining activated sludge, dry it at 105°C for 15 hours, and crush it through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fine powder;

2) Compress and granulate the fine powder obtained in step 1) (￠3mm×5mm), perform pyrolysis at 650°C for 0.5h under anaerobic conditions, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the product.

Example 4

The soil conditioner of the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt of the present embodiment is prepared by the following method:

1) After dehydrating the papermaking residual activated sludge produced by activated sludge method papermaking wastewater treatment, dry it at 115°C for 13 hours, and crush it through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a fine powder;

2) Compress and granulate the fine powder obtained in step 1) (￠5mm×8mm), perform pyrolysis at 550°C for 2h under anaerobic conditions, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the product.

Experimental example 1

In this experimental example, a scanning electron microscope (SEMJSM-7500Japan) was used to measure the surface appearance of the soil conditioner and the environmentally friendly adsorption material obtained in Example 2, and to study the surface structure before and after acidification modification. The scanning electron microscope image is shown in Figure 2.

It can be seen from Figure 2-a that the surface of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 2 is relatively smooth, the surface unevenness is not obvious, and there are agglomerated small balls; the environmentally friendly adsorption material obtained after acidification modification (as shown in Figure 2-b) , the surface roughness increased significantly, and the surface showed irregular cavities, patchwork, similar to coral. This surface structure is due to the increase in hole size and density after high-temperature activation, or the formation of functional groups after acidification. The formation of such holes increases the specific surface area of the holes and improves the adsorption performance.

Experimental example 2

In this experimental example, the application effect of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 is tested, and the test is aimed at acidic soil in the south.

The soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 was applied in two different soils in Fujian and Sichuan. Select a plot with flat terrain, relatively uniform fertility, and severe bacterial wilt disease in previous years as the experimental field. The test adopts random arrangement, and a total of 4 treatments are set up, repeated 3 times, and a total of 12 plots are planted. 250 plants are planted in each plot, and the plant density is 1100 Plants/mu, the spacing between plants and rows is 50×120cm. The amount of pure nitrogen applied in the tobacco field is 9.09kg/667m ² , the ratio of NPK is 1:0.8:2.7, and the field management is carried out according to the local high-quality tobacco production technical regulations.

The specific settings for each process are as follows:

T1 treatment (CK): control (local conventional fertilization and management, that is, only special fertilizers for tobacco leaves, chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers, etc., and no bio-organic fertilizers);

T2 process: soil conditioner (soil conditioner obtained in embodiment 1, 100kg/ mu);

T3 treatment: soil conditioner+bio-organic fertilizer (on the basis of applying the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1, 100kg/mu, remove the organic fertilizer, apply the bio-organic fertilizer, the application rate is the same as the organic fertilizer).

The test results are shown in Tables 1-4. From the perspective of agronomic traits (Table 1) and biomass (Table 2), the application of soil conditioner can improve the growth traits of tobacco leaves and increase the dry-to-fresh ratio of tobacco leaves, and the effect of the combination with bio-organic fertilizer is more obvious. The effect of soil conditioners on the disease resistance of flue-cured tobacco is shown in Table 3. The soil conditioners have significant effects on the control of tobacco mosaic, bacterial wilt, black shank and red spot. As shown in Table 4, the soil conditioner improves the soil microenvironment, maintains fertilizer and nitrogen, makes the growth of tobacco plants good, and improves disease resistance, thereby improving the quality of tobacco leaves and flue-cured tobacco.

Table 1 Agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco with different treatments

Table 2 Biomass determination of each treatment

Table 3 Occurrence of diseases in each treatment

Table 4 Comparison of economic traits of each treatment

Note: The price of tobacco leaves is calculated according to the "Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration on the 2012 Tobacco Leaf Purchase Price Policy".

Experimental example 3

In this experimental example, the application effect of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 and the environmentally friendly adsorbent material obtained in Example 2 as a heavy metal adsorbent was tested, and its adsorption performance on copper-containing wastewater and lead-containing wastewater was investigated.

Experimental treatment of copper-containing wastewater: the content of Cu (II) is 80mg/L. Add 10mg each of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 and the environmentally friendly adsorbent material obtained in Example 2 to 50ml of copper-containing wastewater, and after shaking at room temperature (25°C) for 3 hours, detect the residual amount of Cu(II) and calculate The results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 embodiment 1 gained soil conditioner, the environmental protection adsorbent material of embodiment 2 gained to the adsorption effect of copper in waste water

Experimental method for lead-containing wastewater: the initial concentration of Pb (II) in lead-containing wastewater is 90mg/L, take 10mg each of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 and the environmentally friendly adsorption material obtained in Example 2, and add them to 50ml lead-containing wastewater respectively. In the wastewater, after shaking treatment at room temperature (25°C) for 4 hours, the residual amount of Pb (II) was detected and the removal rate was calculated. The results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 embodiment 1 gained soil conditioner, the environmental protection adsorbent material of embodiment 2 gained are to the adsorption effect of lead in waste water

Utilize WQF-510 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer to carry out the measurement of infrared spectrum to the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1, the environmentally friendly adsorbent material obtained in Example 2, and the environmentally friendly adsorbent material (embodiment 2) after absorbing lead, and draw the existence of functional groups and their adsorption properties. The scan results are shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the environmentally friendly adsorption material obtained in Example 2 has new peaks at 602.17cm ^-1 , 666.71cm ^-1 , 795.79cm ^-1 , 1643.42cm ^-1 , 3571.02cm ^-1 , and 3616.57cm ^-1 respectively. The groups corresponding to these peaks are -OH, -OH, -NH ₂ , -COOH, -OH, -OH, which proves that after activation by sulfuric acid, the environmentally friendly adsorption materials increase the amount of -OH, -NH ₂ , -COOH The absorption peaks indicate the existence of -OH, -NH ₂ , -COOH groups. When the environmentally friendly adsorption material absorbs a solution containing Pb(II), the -OH, -NH ₂ , -COOH groups generated by acidification or The disappearance or narrowing of the peaks indicates that the -OH, -COOH, -NH ₂ groups have effectively reacted with Pb(II).

Claims (7)

1. a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt, characterized in that: it is prepared by the following method: 1) After dehydrating the remaining activated sludge, dry it at 105-120°C for 10-15 hours, crush it through a sieve to obtain a fine powder; 2) Compress and granulate the fine powder obtained in step 1), perform pyrolysis under anaerobic conditions, and then cool to room temperature to obtain the product; Wherein, the remaining activated sludge described in step 1) is the remaining activated sludge generated during the treatment of papermaking wastewater by the activated sludge method; The sieve described in step 1) is 80-120 mesh; The pyrolysis temperature in step 2) is 550-650° C., and the pyrolysis time is 0.5-2 hours. 2. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the granules obtained by compression granulation in step 2) is ￠3mm×5mm～￠5mm×8mm. 3. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustible gas generated during the pyrolysis process in step 2) is circulated for heating during the pyrolysis process. 4. The application of a soil conditioner for the prevention and treatment of tobacco bacterial wilt as claimed in claim 1 in the preparation of an environmentally friendly adsorbent. 5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: the environmental-friendly adsorption material is prepared by acidifying the soil conditioner. 6 . The application according to claim 5 , characterized in that: the acidification treatment refers to soaking in dilute acid for 1-2 hours, washing with water to neutrality and drying at 105-120°C. 7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that: the dilute acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid with a concentration of 1-3 mol/L.