CH701411A1 - Formwork and method for constructing a formwork. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork (11) for producing a concrete element with spaced apart according to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced and a casting chamber (15) forming formwork elements (13a, 13b). The formwork elements (13a, 13b) have formwork panels (17a, 17b) and formwork supports (19), which are fastened to the sides of the formwork panels (17a, 17b) facing away from the casting space (15). Furthermore, spacers (59) are provided for spacing the formwork elements (13a, 13b). The spacers (59) are arranged in the casting space (15) between the shell elements (13a, 13b). The formwork elements (13a, 13b) are held together by a tensioning device. The tensioning device has at least two tensioning elements (29, 55), which are provided at a first end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and at a second, the first opposite end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b). At least one profile (21) is arranged perpendicular to the alignment of the formwork carriers (19) on the formwork carriers (19) of the formwork elements (13a, 13b). The at least two clamping elements (29, 55) engage the profiles (21). The invention also relates to a method for constructing the formwork (11), which serves for producing the concrete element.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a formwork system according to the preamble of claim 1, a formwork according to the preamble of claim 2, a tensioning element according to the preamble of claim 14, a formwork according to the preamble of claim 15 and a method of constructing a formwork according to the preamble of claim 16.

State of the art

Opposite shuttering walls, which are connected by shuttering anchors and spaced according to the wall thickness, are used in the construction industry to create concrete components such as ceilings, walls and the like. In the space, which is formed by the opposite shuttering walls, fresh concrete is poured. After hardening of the concrete, the formwork anchors are removed and the formwork walls are released from the corresponding concrete component.

Especially in the creation of long, straight concrete walls wall formwork made of steel are used. With the help of construction cranes, the wall formworks are set up and aligned at the required location.

An advantage of commercial wall formworks is that walls with long lengths are relatively quickly produced. In such wall formworks, however, the attachment of the formwork anchors is tedious and time consuming. An adjustment to put the wall formwork in the right position and subsequently in the Lot, is cumbersome and hinder the rapid workflow on the site. Since such wall formworks are complicated to manufacture for large wall surfaces, they also have correspondingly high production costs. Another disadvantage is that the removal of damage caused by the use of the site, is costly because individual parts are only to be exchanged over a large area.

Object of the invention

Object of the present invention is therefore to show a formwork that is easy to adjust and in which the formwork anchors are to install quickly. Another object is to keep the manufacturing and maintenance costs as low as possible. Yet another object is to propose a formwork which is as simple and quickly adaptable to the particular required dimensions of the concrete wall to be produced.

description

The inventive formwork system for casting a concrete element according to the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that the clamping device has at least two clamping elements, which can be arranged at a first end of the formwork elements and at a second the first opposite end of the formwork elements. The formwork system according to the invention has the advantage that the clamping elements do not penetrate the formwork panels. The formwork panels therefore do not need to be tediously aligned to guide the fixtures through the formwork panels.

The invention also relates to a formwork for the production of a concrete element. According to the invention, the formwork according to the preamble of claim 2, characterized in that the tensioning device has at least two clamping elements, which are provided at a first end of the formwork elements and at a second, the first opposite end of the formwork elements and that at the formwork struts of the formwork elements each at least one Profile is arranged perpendicular to the orientation of the formwork beams on which attack the at least two clamping elements. The formwork according to the invention has the advantage that any formwork elements can be braced together. Depending on the load, which act on the formwork elements of the concrete element to be manufactured and the required dimensions of the concrete element, individual formwork panels can be used as formwork elements. For high and / or long concrete elements several formwork panels are interconnected by formwork beams. Advantageously, these formwork beams can be clamped together. Preferably, the formwork panels and the formwork elements are made of wood but there are also materials made of metal such as steel or plastic easily applicable. It is only important that the clamping force of the clamping elements are transmitted via vertical profiles on the formwork elements. The profiles may be commercially available H-profiles made of timber. But there are also all other profiles such as squared timbers o.a. can be used as long as they are sufficiently dimensioned for the transmission of compressive forces. Shuttering elements and profiles can be chosen accordingly cost-optimized. In addition, the formwork elements are easy to repair in case of damage or wear. Worn formwork panels can be easily replaced, for example, by applying a thin wooden or plastic panel to the sides facing the concrete element. The concrete element produced has no through openings, which come from the clamping elements, such as formwork anchors. This is a great advantage both in terms of workload and aesthetics.

Conveniently, a single clamping element consists of a first ferrule part and a second ferrule part, which are arranged opposite one another. Due to the bipartite of the clamping elements, the formwork elements, which are placed on the clamping elements, individually adjustable over the respective ferrule part. The clamp parts are individually easy to remove after the production of the concrete element and have a lower weight than contiguous clamping elements.

Advantageously, the first and second ferrule part clamping jaws, which are located outside of the formwork elements and are arranged displaceably on rods. The clamped parts can be quickly adjusted by the sliding jaws to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced. The clamping jaws reliably transmit the contact pressure of the clamping elements to the profiles or the formwork elements.

In a preferred embodiment, the first and the second ferrule part have hooks which project into the casting space at the first end of the formwork elements and comprise an anchor bolt which is anchored in a concrete element adjoining the formwork system. This has the advantage that the clamp parts are aligned independently of each other and are held independently of each other on the stable concrete element.

Conveniently, the spacer has a U-profile and is positioned over the hook as a cover against the casting chamber. The U-profile protects the hooks from the poured concrete and is dimensioned such that the hooks are detachable from the anchor bolt, without jamming with the U-profile. The U-profile is a lost spacer which remains in the concrete element to be produced.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first ferrule part has an adjusting device for building clearance and vertical alignment of the scarf elements. The first formwork element, which is displaced above the first constraining part, can be aligned vertically by the adjusting device.

For easier alignment of the profiles, the profiles are advantageously along the formwork beams horizontally displaceable.

Advantageously, the profiles have rollers, which are guided in the formwork beams. As a result, a very simple and cost-effective guidance is achieved because the formwork supports take over the task of guide rails. Conceivable, however, would be any other guide in which the profiles are arranged displaceably on the formwork elements.

Characterized that opposite profiles of two formwork elements advantageously cooperate with the first ferrule part or the second ferrule part at the first end of the formwork elements, a formwork is created in which the tedious and time-consuming alignment of the formwork elements for receiving formwork anchors is prevented.

Conveniently, opposite profiles of two formwork elements cooperate with the tensioning element at the second end of the formwork elements. As a result, a lengthy alignment of the formwork elements to accommodate clamping elements, even at the second ends of the formwork elements prevented. Most simply, the tension member is provided by a pair of threaded rods, e.g. Prestressing steels used as standard on construction sites, which cooperates with the profiles via connecting profiles. Conceivable, however, are other bracing devices, which comprise opposite profiles and pull each other.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the formwork element, which is held by the first ferrule part, projects beyond an adjacent concrete element almost to its strength. This ensures that the concrete element to be produced is flush with the adjacent concrete element. Horizontal projections of the adjacent concrete element, which are particularly exposed to moisture, are thereby avoided.

Basically, formwork panels are available in the dimensions to correspond individually or in combination with other formwork panels to the dimensions of concrete elements. The fact that the formwork elements can be adapted in their length and width, that the formwork panels are adapted in their length and width to the dimensions of the concrete element to be produced, can be met with any advantage with respect to the dimensions of a concrete element with advantage.

A further aspect of the invention is characterized in that on the profile a catwalk support with a first and second end, a railing support, a strut and a support are arranged and hinged together such that said elements from a first folded position, in which they are arranged parallel to the profile, are folded out into a second position, in which position the catwalk support rests with its first end perpendicular to the second end face of the profile, the railing support is oriented at its second end perpendicular to the catwalk and the catwalk carrier through the Strut is supported on the profile. This aspect of the invention has the advantage that a catwalk is very quickly on and degradable by between adjacent catwalk carriers z. B. boards are designed. In addition, the catwalk forms a unit with the respective formwork element, since it is firmly connected to selbigem. The catwalk offers construction workers the opportunity to relinquish concrete from an elevated position into the casting space, which greatly facilitates the workflow. The construction workers have a secure footing on the catwalk, can quickly get from one formwork element to another and are protected from falling by a railing, which is arranged in each case between two railing supports. The catwalk also makes it possible to attach a further series of formwork elements over the formwork elements, for example to produce the walls of another floor.

The invention also relates to a clamping element for holding together opposing formwork elements, which is characterized in that the tensioning element consists of a first ferrule part and a second ferrule part, which are arranged opposite to each other. The Zwingenform of the clamping element allows that no requirements are placed on the formwork elements for the bracing. All conventional formwork elements, even if they have special dimensions or are designed bent, can be clamped easily with the inventive clamping element.

The inventive method for building a formwork with formwork elements for the production of a concrete element is characterized by the steps according to the characterizing part of claim 15. The inventive method has the advantage that can be dispensed with special adjustments of the formwork elements. Depending on the load of the concrete element to be produced, wooden formwork panels are sometimes sufficient as formwork elements. Also, the formwork elements can be adapted to any required dimension of the concrete element and still remain braced. The formwork is inexpensive to produce, quickly assembled and dismantled and easy to maintain.

Hereinafter, the invention with reference to the figures in a schematic representation will be described in more detail. It shows: <Tb> FIG. 1: <sep> a longitudinal section through a formwork according to the prior art; <Tb> FIG. 2: <sep> is a side view of the formwork according to the invention; <Tb> FIG. 4: <sep> is a plan view of the formwork from FIG. 2; <Tb> FIG. 3: <sep> a longitudinal section through the formwork of Fig. 2; <Tb> FIG. 5: <sep> is an enlarged side view of a first ferrule part of a tensioning device from FIG. 3; and <Tb> FIG. 6: <sep> Top view of a hook of the first ferrule <Tb> FIG. 7: <sep> is an enlarged side view of a second ferrule part of a tensioning device from FIG. 3; <Tb> FIG. 8: <sep> cut through a spacer

A formwork 1, as shown in FIG. 1, is known from the prior art. Two shuttering panels 2a, 2b are arranged opposite each other at a distance of the thickness of a concrete element 3 to be produced. The shuttering plates 2a, 2b are therefore used as a negative mold for the concrete element 3. The shuttering plates 2a, 2b are mostly made of wood or metal. In order to ensure sufficient stability of the shuttering plates 2a, 2b with respect to the concrete element 3 to be produced, a frame structure made of wood or metal profiles are attached to the side facing away from the concrete element 3 side of the shuttering plates 2a, 2b (not shown in Fig. 1).

The formwork panels 2a, 2b are interconnected by a plurality of formwork anchors 4. A single shuttering anchor 4 has a threaded anchor rod 5, which penetrates the shutter plates 2a, 2b through two opposite passage openings 6a, 6b. On the threaded anchor rod 5, a cladding tube 7 is disposed between the shutter plates 2a, 2b. For stable spacing of the shuttering plates 2a, 2b, the cladding tube 7 on both end faces abutment elements 8a, 8b, which transmits the pressure forces of the shuttering anchor 4 on the shutter plates 2a, 2b.

As clamping elements serve union nuts 9a, 9b, which are tightened at the two ends of the threaded anchor rod. Washers 10a, 10b transmit the pressure forces from the outside to the shutter plates 2a, 2b.

The attachment of the formwork anchors 4 together with the sheaths 7 represents a time-consuming work, which also requires great accuracy. The passage openings 6a, 6b of the shutter plates 2a, 2b must be aligned in order to be able to guide the threaded anchor rods 5 through both shutter plates 2a, 2b.

The formwork 11 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 for producing a concrete element has two opposing formwork elements 13a, 13b. Between the formwork elements 13a, 13b, a casting space 15 is provided, which serves to receive flowable concrete, which cures to a concrete element to be produced.

The formwork elements 13a, 13b have formwork panels 17a, 17b which face the casting space 15. The formwork panels 17a, 17b are adapted in their lengths and widths to the concrete element to be produced. Since formwork panels commercially available up to a height of 2 meters on the market, several formwork panels 17a, 17b can be stacked to produce concrete elements with a height of more than 2 meters. The formwork panels 17a, 17b are fastened to formwork supports 19 with nails or screws. The formwork beams 19 ensure sufficient stability of the formwork elements 13a, 13b when concrete is poured into the casting space 15. It is also conceivable, however, that can be dispensed with less load by the concrete element to be produced on the formwork support. It is also possible to rotate the formwork panels 17 relative to the formwork supports 19 by 90 degrees and thereby increase the stability of the formwork elements 13. Opposite the formwork panels 17a, 17b are provided on the formwork elements 13 each 2 profiles 21. The profiles 21 are oriented orthogonal to the formwork beams 19 and are displaceable along the formwork beams. The profiles have a first end face 21a and a second end face 21b. In each case 2 formwork beams 19a, 19b serve the profiles 21 as guide rails. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the profiles 21 are designed to be displaceable in that an axis 23, which is arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal orientation of the respective profile 21 on selbigem, projects between the formwork beams 19a, 19b. On the axis 23, a roller 25 is rotatably arranged. The shuttering supports 19a, 19b are spaced apart from each other in such a way that the roller 25 is held in the intermediate space which the shuttering supports 19a, 19b form and at the same time is still rotatable. For safe absorption of the weight of the profiles 21, the formwork supports 19b are supported against the formwork panels 17a with struts 27. It is also conceivable that the profiles 21 are not connected to the formwork elements 13a, 13b and are only leaned against the formwork elements 13a, 13b during the construction of the formwork 11.

As shuttering elements 13a, 13b shuttering walls 17b without shroud 19 can be used. The shuttering walls 17a, 17b, the shuttering supports 19, if used, and the profiles 21 are preferably made of wood. However, it is conceivable that other materials such as plastic, steel or a combination of the listed materials are used. Preferably, the profiles are 21 H-profiles, but other profile cross sections are possible.

For the detachable arrangement of the formwork elements 13a, 13b on an adjacent concrete element 28, with which the concrete element to be produced is connected, a plurality of clamping elements 29 are provided which have a first and a second ferrule part 31a, 31b. The clamp members 31a, 31b each have a rod 33 and 35, respectively, which serve clamping jaws 37 and 39 as guide rails. Thus, the jaws 37 and 39 along the rods 33 and 35 are adjustable, the jaws 37 and 39 cooperate with spindles 41 and 43 together. The spindles 41 and 43 are rotatable on the rods 33 and 35 by extensions 42, 44, in which bushings are provided with external thread, supported. The external threads cooperate with the spindles 41, 43. The clamping jaw 37 is freely displaceable along the spindle. On the clamping jaw 37, an extension 50 is provided which transmits the pressure of a threaded sleeve 48 to the clamping jaws 37. As spindles 41 and 43 threaded rods are preferably used, which have a large thread pitch and large thread distances. The threaded rods are easy to clean. In the event of damage during use on the construction, these are to be replaced without effort by new ones.

The rods 33 and 35 are formed at their ends facing as hooks 45 and 47, respectively. The hooks 45 and 47 comprise an anchor bolt 49, which is embedded in the adjacent concrete element 28. The anchor bolt 49 may be offset in the freshly poured concrete. In this case, projections on the surface of the anchor bolt are helpful in order to prevent sinking of the anchor bolt 49 in the still soft concrete. It is also conceivable that the anchor bolt is subsequently offset in a wellbore, which was previously drilled in the hardened concrete.

From Fig. 6 it can be seen that the hooks 45 and 47 are released from the anchor bolt 49 when they are shifted from each other. This detail is significant when the constraining members 31a and 31b, respectively, are to be removed from the anchor bolt 49 after curing of the concrete element to be produced. The hook 47 is Z-shaped such that it overlaps the hook 45 when the hooks 45 and 47 engage around the anchor bolt 49. About the hook 45, 47, a U-shaped spacer 59 is disposed within the casting chamber 15, which may preferably be made in plastic or other suitable material. On the front side, the spacers 59 have webs 69a, 69b shown in FIG. 8, which are spaced apart from one another such that their spacing corresponds to the width of the hooks 45, 47. The webs 69a, 69b extend over the height of the spacer 59. By the webs 69a, 69b, the spacers 59 are positioned on the rods 33,35 verschiebungssicher and can not be changed by the pressure of the still liquid concrete in position. The rods 33 and 35 are made of heavy-duty cast steel in order to cope with the high tensile loads during the tensioning of the formwork elements 13a, 13b.

The ferrule 31a has an additional adjusting device, which allows a precise horizontal alignment of the ferrule 31a or a vertical orientation of the displaced on the ferrule 31a shuttering element 13a. In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting device is formed by a foot 51 which is arranged normal to the rod 33 on the clamping jaw 37. The foot 51 is displaceable on the clamping jaw 37 in the direction normal to the rod 33. The displacement of the foot 51 is effected by rotation of a spindle 53. The spindle 53 extends parallel to the foot 51 and is rotatably supported on the clamping jaw 37.

If the concrete element to be produced is a septum, which is not erected on the edge but inside the concrete element 28, then the ferrule 31a can not be used. In this case, multiple pairs of ferrules 31b are used to clamp the shuttering elements 13a, 13b.

At the end faces 21b of the profiles 21 further clamping elements 55 are provided. These preferably consist of two threaded rods 61, which penetrate with their ends in each case two connecting profiles 63. The connection profiles 63 rest on the profile ends. The clamping elements 55 are tightened by nuts 65. As a resistance to the tensile force of the clamping elements 55 55 spacers 67 are provided between the profiles 21 at the level of the clamping elements. On further spacers within the casting chamber 15 can be dispensed with because of the stability of the shell element 13a, 13b.

In the longitudinal extension of the profile 21, a support 77 is added, which serves the profile 21 as a guide. On the front side of the support 77, which faces the second end of the formwork element 13, a catwalk support 71 is pivotally connected to the catwalk support 71 with a first end 72a. At the second end 72b of the catwalk support 71, a railing support 73 is articulated. A short distance from the second end 72b of the catwalk support 71, a strut 75 is also pivotally connected to the catwalk support 71.

The construction of the formwork 11 comprises the following steps:

First, the shutter members 13a and 13b are manufactured. For this purpose, the formwork panels 17a and 17b, which have commercially available dimensions, connected to the formwork beams 19 by nailing or screwing. If the concrete element to be produced has different dimensions than the formwork panels 17a, 17b, then the formwork panels 17a, 17b are cut to the appropriate mass. To the formwork beams 19a, 19b, whose distance from each other is slightly larger than the diameter of the rollers 25, the profiles 21 are connected by means of rollers 25 with the profiles 21. A plurality of shell elements 13a, 13b thus produced are delivered to the construction site.

The adjoining the concrete element to be produced concrete element 28 is provided with two spaced anchor bolts 49 by these are offset in the still soft concrete or previously mounted holes. The anchor bolts 49 are positioned in the concrete element 28 so that they are located approximately centrally between the shutter elements 13a, 13b after displacement of the shutter elements 13a, 13b.

The two first clamp parts 31a are hooked into the anchor bolts 49 with the hooks 45. Between the end of the spindle 41, which faces the concrete element 28 and the concrete element 28, a front board 57 is arranged to better distribute the pressure of the spindle 53 on the concrete element 28 and to level unevenness on the concrete element 28. The rotation of the spindle 41 causes the first ferrule 31a to be pulled against the concrete element 28. By turning the spindles 53, the clamp parts 31a are aligned horizontally. Thus, the shutter element 13a is inevitably in a vertical position after its displacement. The clamping elements 31b are also hooked with the hooks 47 on the anchor bolt 49. The jaws are pre-adjusted so that after the displacement of the formwork elements 13a, 13b, a distance between the same results, which corresponds to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced.

After moving the shuttering element 13a, it is important that the profiles 21 are displaced so that the clamping jaws 37 act on it. The clamping jaws 37 are moved freely along the spindles 41 and guided by the rod 33 until the clamping jaws 37 act on the profiles 21. For the final pressing of the clamping jaws 37 to the profiles 21, the threaded sleeves 48 serve.

So that the hooks 45, 47 are removable again after the curing of the concrete element to be produced, they are protected by spacers 59 in the form of a U-profile. The spacers 59 must be dimensioned such that the hooks 45, 47 can be released from the anchor bolts 49 without the hooks 45, 47 jamming with the spacers 59. For the extraction of the rods 33,35 from the spacers 59, the webs 69a, 69b broken at the spacers and thereby give the entire cross section of the spacers 59 free. The breaking out is particularly simple, since the webs 69a, 69b are connected to the spacers 59 via predetermined breaking points. The spacers 59 also serve the spacing of the formwork elements 13a and 13b.

If the shell element 13a is aligned, a reinforcement is inserted in the casting chamber 15.

After displacing the shell element 13b over the tension elements 31, the profiles 21 of the shell element 13b are also positioned so that the clamping jaws 39 can act on it.

After further clamping elements 55 and spacers 67 have been arranged on the sides of the profiles 21, which are opposite the clamp parts 31a, 31b, the shutter elements 13a, 13b are clamped with the aid of the clamping elements 29 and 55.

To build a catwalk on the respective formwork element 13a, 13b of the support 77 is moved together with the catwalk carrier 71, the railing support 73 and the strut 75 in the direction of the second end face 21b of the profile 21. The catwalk support 71, the railing support 73 and the strut 75 are folded during the displacement of the suport 77 and oriented in a first position parallel to the support. If the profile 21 is H-shaped, then the recesses of the profile 21 can serve as a guide for the support 77. As soon as the catwalk support 71, together with the railing support 73 and the strut 75, project beyond the profile 21, the strut 75 is unfolded and the catwalk support 71 is pivoted clockwise. The catwalk carrier 71 is pivoted to a second position in which it is oriented perpendicular to the profile 21 and comes to bear with its first end 72a on the second end face of the profile 21.

The strut 75 is then supported on an extension 79 on the profile 21. Subsequently, the railing support 73 is pivoted in a clockwise direction in a vertical position relative to the catwalk carrier 71. Finally, for example, boards, which serve as a catwalk, laid between two adjacent catwalk carriers 71 and arranged a railing between two adjacent railing supports 73.

Between the formwork panels 17b and the adjacent concrete element columns are formed, since the formwork panels 17b on the rods 35, 33 are. These columns are finally closed, for example, with PU foam or a swelling tape. The casting chamber 15 of the formwork 11 is now ready to be cast with concrete.

Legend:

[0049] <Tb> 1 <sep> formwork <tb> 2a, 2b <sep> Formwork panels <Tb> 3 <sep> concrete element <Tb> 4 <sep> form ties <Tb> 5 <sep> threaded anchor rod <tb> 6a, 6b <sep> Through holes <Tb> 7 <sep> cladding <tb> 8a, 8b <sep> abutment elements <tb> 9a, 9b <sep> union nuts <tb> 10a, 10b <sep> washers <Tb> 11 <sep> formwork <tb> 13a, 13b <sep> formwork elements <Tb> 15 <sep> casting space <tb> 17a, 17b <sep> formwork panels <tb> 19, 19a, 19b <sep> Formwork beams <Tb> 21 <sep> Profile <tb> 21a, 21b <sep> First and second end faces of the profile 21 <Tb> 23 <sep> axis <Tb> 25 <sep> Role <Tb> 27 <sep> strut <Tb> 28 <sep> concrete element <Tb> 29 <sep> clamping element <tb> 31a, 31b <sep> First and second constraints <tb> 33, 35 <sep> rod <tb> 37, 39 <sep> Clamping jaws <tb> 41, 43 <sep> Spindle <tb> 42, 44 <sep> extensions <tb> 45, 47 <sep> Hook <Tb> 48 <sep> threaded sleeve <Tb> 49 <sep> anchor bolts <Tb> 50 <sep> extension <Tb> 51 <sep> foot <Tb> 53 <sep> Spindle <Tb> 55 <sep> clamping element <Tb> 57 <sep> fascia <Tb> 59 <sep> Spacers <Tb> 61 <sep> threaded rods <Tb> 63 <sep> Connection Profile <Tb> 65 <sep> Nuts <Tb> 67 <sep> Spacers <tb> 69a, 69b <sep> Footbridges <Tb> 71 <sep> catwalk carrier <tb> 72a, 72b <sep> First and second ends of the catwalk carrier 71 <Tb> 73 <sep> Stanchion <Tb> 75 <sep> brace <Tb> 77 <sep> Support <Tb> 79 <sep> extension

Claims (10)

1. Formwork system for casting a concrete element with - spaced from each other according to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced and a casting space (15) forming scarf elements (13a, 13b) with - formwork panels (17a, 17b) and - Optional formwork supports (19) which are attached to the casting chamber (15) facing away from sides of the formwork panels (17a, 17b), - Spacers (59) for spacing the formwork elements (13a, 13b), which in the casting space (15) between the shell elements (13a, 13b) can be arranged, and a clamping device for holding the formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized in that the tensioning device has at least two tensioning elements (29, 55) which can be arranged on a first end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and on a second one on the first opposite end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b). 2. formwork (11) for producing a concrete element with - spaced from each other according to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced and a casting space (15) forming scarf elements (13a, 13b) with - formwork panels (17a, 17b) and optional formwork supports (19) which are fastened to the sides of the formwork panels (17a, 17b) facing away from the casting space (15), - Spacers (59) for spacing the shell elements (13 a, 13 b), which spacers (59) in the casting space (15) between the shell elements (13 a, 13 b) are arranged, and a clamping device for holding the formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized in that the tensioning device has at least two tensioning elements (29, 55) which are provided at a first end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and at a second, opposite end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and that on the formwork supports (19) of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) in each case at least one profile (21) perpendicular to the orientation of the formwork support (19) is arranged, on which the at least two clamping elements (29, 55) engage. 3. formwork (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that a single clamping element (29) consists of a first ferrule part (31 a) and a second ferrule part (31 b) which are oriented to each other. 4. formwork (11) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and second ferrule part (31 a, 31 b) clamping jaws (37, 39) which are outside the formwork elements (13 a, 13 b) and on rods (33, 35 ) are arranged displaceably. 5. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the first and the second ferrule part (31 a, 31 b) hooks (45, 47) have, which at the first end of the formwork elements (13 a, 13 b) in the Casting space (15) protrude and include an anchor bolt (49) which is anchored in a to the formwork (11) adjacent concrete element (28). 6. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the spacer (59) has a U-profile and is positioned over the hook (45,47) as a cover opposite the casting chamber (15). 7. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the first ferrule part (31a) has an adjusting device for vertical alignment of the formwork elements (13a, 13b). 8. formwork (11) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the profiles (21) along the formwork support (19) are horizontally displaceable. 9. Formwork (11) according to claim 8, characterized in that the profiles (21) have rollers (25) which are guided in the formwork supports (19). 10. A method for building a formwork (11) with formwork elements (31a, 31b) for producing a concrete element, characterized by the following steps: - Manufacture of shuttering elements (13a, 13b) by connecting the formwork panels (17a, 17b), which are cut to the length and width of the concrete element to be produced, with optional formwork beams (19) and to the formwork beams (19) profiles (21) displaceable and are arranged perpendicular to the alignment of the formwork beams (19), Arranging a first and a second ferrule part (31a, 31b) of a plurality of clamping elements (29) on a concrete element (28) which adjoins the concrete element to be produced, Aligning the position of the first clamp parts (31a) by means of an adjusting device provided on the first clamp part (31a), Shifting the clamp jaws (37) provided on the clamp parts (31a) to adapt the clamped parts (31a) to the required thickness of the concrete element to be produced, Displacing a first formwork element (13a) over the first constraint parts (31a), Positioning the displaceable profiles (21) of the first formwork element (13a) so that the gripping jaws (37) of the first clamp element (31a) engage therewith, Positioning spacers (59) over the facing ends of the first and second ferrules (31a, 31b), - Attaching an optional reinforcement in a casting chamber (15) which is formed between the first and a still to be displaced second formwork element (13a, 13b), Displacing the second formwork element (13b) over the second constraint part (31b), Positioning the displaceable profiles (21) of the second formwork element (13b) so that the gripping jaws (39) of the second constraining portion (31b) engage therewith, Attaching further spacers (67) between the sides of the profiles (21) of the first and second formwork elements (13a, 13b) which are opposite the first tension element (29), - Attaching second clamping elements (55) on the sides of the offset first and second formwork elements (13a, 13b), which sides of the first clamping element (29) opposite, so that the second clamping elements (55) with the profiles (21) of the first and second Schalelements (13a, 13b) cooperate, and - Clamping of the first and second shell element (133, 131) by means of the first and second clamping elements (29, 55). - unfolding the catwalk support (71), connecting the struts (75) with extensions 79 on the profiles 21 and unfolding the rail supports (73) - Laying catwalks between two adjacent catwalk carriers (73) and arranging railings between adjacent railing supports (73) 10. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that opposite profiles (21) of two formwork elements (13a, 13b) with the first ferrule part (31a) and the second ferrule part (31b) at the first end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) interact. 11. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that opposite profiles (21) of two formwork elements (13a, 13b) with the clamping element (55) at the second end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) cooperate. 12. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the formwork element (13a), which is held by the first ferrule part (31a), an adjacent concrete element (28) projects beyond its thickness. 13. Formwork (11) according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the formwork elements (13a, 13b) in their length and width are adaptable in that the formwork panels (17a, 17b) in their length and width to the dimensions are cut to length of the concrete element to be produced. 14. Clamping element (29) for holding together opposing formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized in that a first and a second ferrule part (31a, 31b) hooks (45,47) which comprise an anchor bolt (49), which in anchored to an adjacent concrete element (28). 15. Formwork (11) for producing a concrete element with - spaced from each other according to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced and a casting space (15) forming scarf elements (13a, 13b) with - formwork panels (17a, 17b) and optional formwork supports (19) which are fastened to the sides of the formwork panels (17a, 17b) facing away from the casting space (15), - Spacers (59) for spacing the shell elements (13 a, 13 b), which spacers (59) in the casting space (15) between the shell elements (13 a, 13 b) are arranged, and a clamping device for holding the formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized in that at least one profile (21) with a first and a second end face (21a, 21b) perpendicular to the alignment of the formwork supports (19) is arranged on the formwork supports (19) of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and on the profile (21) Catwalk supports (71) having first and second ends (72a, 72b), a rail support (73), a brace (75) and a support (77) are arranged and hinged together such that the elements (71, 73, 75 , 77) from a first folded position in which the same are arranged parallel to the profile (21) are folded out into a second position, in which position the catwalk support (71) with its first end (72a) perpendicular to the second end face (21b ) of the profile (21), the railing support (73) is oriented at its second end (72a) perpendicular to the catwalk support (71) and the catwalk support (71) by the strut (75) on the profile (21) is supported. 16. A method for building a formwork (11) with shell elements (31 a, 31 b) for producing a concrete element, characterized by the following steps: - Manufacture of formwork elements (13a, 13b) by connecting formwork panels (17a, 17b) which are cut to length and width of the concrete element to be produced, with optional formwork beams (19) and to the formwork beams (19) profiles (21) displaceable and are arranged perpendicular to the alignment of the formwork beams (19), Arranging a first and a second ferrule part (31a, 31b) of a plurality of clamping elements (29) on a concrete element (28) which adjoins the concrete element to be produced, Aligning the position of the first clamp parts (31a) by means of an adjusting device provided on the first clamp part (31a), Shifting the clamp jaws (37) provided on the clamp parts (31a) to adapt the clamped parts (31a) to the required thickness of the concrete element to be produced, Displacing a first formwork element (13a) over the first constraint parts (31a), Positioning the displaceable profiles (21) of the first formwork element (13a) so that the gripping jaws (37) of the first clamp element (31a) engage therewith, Positioning spacers (59) over the facing ends of the first and second ferrules (31a, 31b), - Attaching an optional reinforcement in a casting chamber (15) which is formed between the first and a still to be displaced second formwork element (13a, 13b), Displacing the second formwork element (13b) over the second constraint part (31b), Positioning the displaceable profiles (21) of the second formwork element (13b) so that the gripping jaws (39) of the second constraining portion (31b) engage therewith, Attaching further spacers (67) between the sides of the profiles (21) of the first and second formwork elements (13a, 13b) which are opposite the first tension element (29), - Attaching second clamping elements (55) on the sides of the offset first and second formwork elements (13a, 13b), which sides of the first clamping element (29) opposite, so that the second clamping elements (55) with the profiles (21) of the first and second Schalelements (13a, 13b) cooperate, and - Clamping of the first and second shell element (13a, 13b) by means of the first and second clamping elements (29, 55). - unfolding the catwalk support (71), connecting the struts (75) with extensions 79 on the profiles 21 and unfolding the rail supports (73) - Laying catwalks between two adjacent catwalk carriers (73) and arrange railings between adjacent railing supports (73). 1. formwork (11) for producing a concrete element with - Contra each other according to the thickness of the concrete element to be produced and a casting space (15) forming scarf elements (133, 13 b) with - formwork panels (17 a, 17 b) and optional formwork supports (19) which are fastened to the sides of the formwork panels (17a, 17b) facing away from the casting space (15), - Spacers (59) for spacing the shell elements (13 a, 13 b), which spacers (59) in the casting space (15) between the shell elements (13 a, 13 b) are arranged, and a clamping device for holding the formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized the tensioning device has at least two tensioning elements (29, 55) which are provided at a first end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and at a second, opposite end of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and in that the formwork supports (19 ) of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) in each case at least one profile (21) is arranged perpendicular to the orientation of the formwork support (19) on which the at least two clamping elements (29,55) engage. 2. formwork (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that a single clamping element (29) consists of a first ferrule part (31 a) and a second ferrule part (31 b), which are oriented to each other. 3. Formwork (11) according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and second ferrule part (31a, 31b) clamping jaws (37,39) have, which are outside the formwork elements (13a, 13b) and on rods (33, 35 ) are arranged displaceably. 4. formwork (11) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the first and the second ferrule part (31 a, 31 b) hooks (45, 47) have, which at the first end of the formwork elements (13 a, 13 b) in the Casting space (15) protrude and include an anchor bolt (49) which is anchored in a to the formwork (11) adjacent concrete element (28). 5. Formwork (11) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacer (59) has a U-profile and is positioned over the hook (45, 47) as a cover opposite the casting chamber (15). 6. Formwork (11) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first ferrule part (31a) has an adjusting device for vertical alignment of the formwork elements (13a, 13b). 7. Formwork (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the profiles (21) along the formwork support (19) are horizontally displaceable. 8. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the formwork supports (19) of the formwork elements (13a, 13b) each have at least one profile (21) with a first and second end face (21a, 21b) perpendicular to the alignment of Formwork support (19) is arranged and on the profile (21) a catwalk support (71) having a first and second end (72a, 72b), a railing support (73), a strut (75) and a support (77) arranged in such and hinged together, that the elements (71, 73, 75, 77) from a first folded position, in which the same are arranged parallel to the profile (21), are folded out into a second position, in which position the catwalk support (71) with its first end (72a) perpendicular to the second end face (21b) of the profile (21) rests, the railing support (73) at its second end (72a) perpendicular to the catwalk carrier (71) is oriented and the catwalk support (71) through the Bracing (75) a m profile (21) is supported. 9. Clamping element (29) for holding together opposite formwork elements (13a, 13b), characterized in that a first and a second ferrule part (31a, 31b) hooks (45, 47) which comprise an anchor bolt (49), which in anchored to an adjacent concrete element (28).