CH684195A5 - Alloys for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and processes for producing electrodes and rechargeable batteries with these alloys. - Google Patents
Alloys for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and processes for producing electrodes and rechargeable batteries with these alloys. Download PDFInfo
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- CH684195A5 CH684195A5 CH880/92A CH88092A CH684195A5 CH 684195 A5 CH684195 A5 CH 684195A5 CH 880/92 A CH880/92 A CH 880/92A CH 88092 A CH88092 A CH 88092A CH 684195 A5 CH684195 A5 CH 684195A5
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- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- hydrogen
- electrochemical
- reversible storage
- lanthanum
- Prior art date
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005169 Debye-Scherrer Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
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CH 684 195 A5 CH 684 195 A5
Beschreibung description
Einige hydridbildende Metalle und Legierungen (M) lassen sich nicht nur mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff, sondern auch als Elektroden in elektrochemischen Zellen mit Wasserstoff aus dem Elektrolyten gemäss folgender Reaktion laden und entladen: Some hydride-forming metals and alloys (M) can be charged and discharged not only with gaseous hydrogen, but also as electrodes in electrochemical cells with hydrogen from the electrolyte according to the following reaction:
laden load
M + x H2O + xe~ M Hx + x OH~ M + x H2O + xe ~ M Hx + x OH ~
entladen unload
Wie beim Beladen mit gasförmigem Wasserstoff zerfallen viele dieser Legierungen in ein Pulver. Durch Kompaktieren von Metallhydridpulver können Elektroden hergestellt werden. Wird eine Metallhydridelektrode mit einer Nickelhydroxidelektrode, einem Separator und mit einem Elektrolyten, z.B. Kaliumhydroxidlösung, zu einer wiederaufladbaren Zelle zusammengebaut, so ist diese in einigen Punkten einer Ni/Cd-Zelle überlegen. As with loading with gaseous hydrogen, many of these alloys break down into a powder. Electrodes can be produced by compacting metal hydride powder. If a metal hydride electrode with a nickel hydroxide electrode, a separator and with an electrolyte, e.g. Potassium hydroxide solution, assembled into a rechargeable cell, this is superior in some points to a Ni / Cd cell.
Bei gleicher Spannung ist die pro Volumen gespeicherte Energie bis zu 100% und die pro Gewicht gespeicherte Energie bis zu 50% höher. Da der Lade- und Entladevorgang bei beiden Elektroden eine direkte Festkörpertransformation ist, dabei also keine metallischen Elemente gelöst und abgeschieden werden, wachsen an der Elektrodenoberfläche auch keine Dendriten, die Lade- und Entladezeiten sind sehr kurz und es zeigt sich kein Memory-Effekt. Im weiteren sind diese Zellen robust gegen Überladen und Tiefentladen und enthalten keine toxischen Materialien wie Kadmium, Blei, Antimon oder Quecksilber. With the same voltage, the energy stored per volume is up to 100% and the energy stored per weight is up to 50% higher. Since the charging and discharging process for both electrodes is a direct solid transformation, i.e. no metallic elements are loosened and deposited, no dendrites grow on the electrode surface, the charging and discharging times are very short and there is no memory effect. Furthermore, these cells are robust against overcharging and deep discharge and contain no toxic materials such as cadmium, lead, antimony or mercury.
Zurzeit stehen zwei Familien von Legierungen als Elektrodenmaterialien im Vordergrund: Two families of alloys are currently in the foreground as electrode materials:
Typ I mehrphasige oder einphasige Legierungen vorwiegend aus den Komponenten Ti und Ni unter Zugabe von Zr, V, Cr und Mn [siehe z.B. M. A. Fetcenco, S. Venkatesan, K. C. Hong and B. Reich-man, Proc. 16th Int. Power Sources Symp., Boumemouth, 1988, p.411] Type I multi-phase or single-phase alloys predominantly from the components Ti and Ni with the addition of Zr, V, Cr and Mn [see e.g. M.A. Fetcenco, S. Venkatesan, K.C. Hong and B. Reich-man, Proc. 16th Int. Power Sources Symp., Boumemouth, 1988, p.411]
Typ II einphasige LaNis-artige intermetallische Verbindungen, sogenannte ABs-Verbindungen, in denen das Nickel teilweise durch Kobalt und durch geringe Mengen von Aluminium ersetzt ist und aus Kostengründen Mischmetall (Mm) statt reines Lanthan verwendet wird. (Mischmetall besteht aus nicht aufgetrennten leichten Metallen der Seltenen Erden, vorwiegend Cer, Lanthan, Neodym und Praseodym.) [siehe z.B. Europa Patent 0 142 878 oder J. J. G. Willems, Philips J. Res., 39 (1984)1 oder T. Sakai, T. Hazama, H. Miyamura, N. Kuriyama, A. Kato and H. Ishikawa, J. Less-Common Met., 172/ 174 (1991) 1175] Type II single-phase LaNis-like intermetallic compounds, so-called ABs compounds, in which the nickel is partly replaced by cobalt and by small amounts of aluminum and, for reasons of cost, mixed metal (Mm) is used instead of pure lanthanum. (Mixed metal consists of non-separated light rare earth metals, predominantly cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium.) [See e.g. Europa Patent 0 142 878 or JJG Willems, Philips J. Res., 39 (1984) 1 or T. Sakai, T. Hazama, H. Miyamura, N. Kuriyama, A. Kato and H. Ishikawa, J. Less-Common Met., 172/174 (1991) 1175]
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind neue Legierungen vom Typ II, gemäss Patentanspruch 1, zum elektrochemischen Speichern von Wasserstoff, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden gemäss Patentanspruch 6 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrochemischer Zellen zum reversiblen Speichern von elektrischer Energie gemäss Patentanspruch 8. The invention relates to new alloys of type II, according to claim 1, for the electrochemical storage of hydrogen, as well as a method for producing electrodes according to claim 6 and a method for producing electrochemical cells for the reversible storage of electrical energy, according to claim 8.
Aufbau- und Funktionsprinzip ist in Fig. 1 skizziert. In einem Gehäuse sind die positive und die negative Elektrode untergebracht. Sie sind durch einen elektrisch isolierenden, porösen Separator getrennt. Ein im Gehäuse, insbesondere im Separator, enthaltener alkalischer Elektrolyt dient als lonenleiter. Die Elektronen werden durch Stromableiter von den Elektroden zu den elektrischen Anschlusspolen geführt. Die elektrochemischen Vorgänge beim Laden und beim Entladen sind eingezeichnet. The principle of construction and operation is outlined in FIG. 1. The positive and negative electrodes are housed in a housing. They are separated by an electrically insulating, porous separator. An alkaline electrolyte contained in the housing, in particular in the separator, serves as an ion conductor. The electrons are led from the electrodes to the electrical connection poles by current collectors. The electrochemical processes during charging and discharging are shown.
Die erfindungsgemässen Legierungen haben u.a. die folgenden vorteilhaften Eigenschaften: The alloys according to the invention have i.a. the following advantageous properties:
- sie sind billiger, weil sie Silizium und kein Kobalt enthalten; - they are cheaper because they contain silicon and no cobalt;
- die zyklische Lebensdauer ist sehr hoch, d.h. die Kapazitätsabnahme beim zyklischen Be- und Entladen sehr gering; - the cyclical life is very long, i.e. the decrease in capacity during cyclical loading and unloading is very low;
- sie sind einfach herzustellen, weil Wärmebehandlungen (Tempern) bzw. schnelles oder langsames Abkühlen der Legierungsschmelzen nur geringen Einfluss auf die Zyklenstabilität haben; - They are easy to manufacture because heat treatments (tempering) or rapid or slow cooling of the alloy melts have little influence on the cycle stability;
- sie sind schnell und ohne besondere Behandlung aktiviert, d.h. sie erreichen die volle Kapazität schon nach 1 bis 5 Zyklen. - they are activated quickly and without special treatment, i.e. they reach full capacity after 1 to 5 cycles.
Wir führen die hohe zyklische Lebensdauer und die schnelle Aktivierung auf die starke Anreicherung von Ni an der Oberfläche der Legierung und die elektrokatalytische Aktivität dieses Nickels zurück. Die Ni-Anreicherung ist in den photoelektronen-spektroskopischen Analysen der Oberflächenschichten deutlich ersichtlich, Fig. 4. We attribute the high cyclical life and the rapid activation to the strong accumulation of Ni on the surface of the alloy and the electrocatalytic activity of this nickel. The Ni accumulation can be clearly seen in the photoelectron spectroscopic analyzes of the surface layers, FIG. 4.
Debye-Scherrer-Röntgenaufnahmen, Fig. 5, zeigen, dass die relative Volumenänderung A V/V mit steigendem Si-Gehalt stark abnimmt. Die nur kleine relative Volumenänderung A V/V beim Be- und Entladen dieser Legierungen und die mit Rasterelektronenmikroskopie ermittelte stabile Korngrösse erleichtern das Kompaktieren des Legierungspulvers zu einer Elektrode, verbessern die Formstabilität der Elektrode und ermöglichen die Konstruktion kompakter elektrochemischer Zellen. Gleichzeitig vermindert die geringe Volumenänderung AV/V Korrosionserscheinungen an der Oberfläche der Legie- Debye-Scherrer X-rays, Fig. 5, show that the relative volume change A V / V decreases sharply with increasing Si content. The only small relative volume change A V / V during loading and unloading of these alloys and the stable grain size determined using scanning electron microscopy make it easier to compact the alloy powder into an electrode, improve the dimensional stability of the electrode and enable the construction of compact electrochemical cells. At the same time the small volume change AV / V reduces corrosion on the surface of the alloy
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CH 684 195 A5 CH 684 195 A5
rungskörner, weil die sich natürlich bildende, passivierende Oberflächenschicht weniger aufgerissen wird. grains because the naturally forming, passivating surface layer is less torn open.
Beispiel 1: Example 1:
Die durch Induktionsschmelzen hergestellten Legierungen LaNÌ4.7Sio.3 und LaNÌ4.sSio.5 (atomare Konzentrationen) zeigen in einer elektrochemischen Halbzelle beim zyklischen Be- und Entladen in 6 molarer Kaliumhydroxidlösung eine ausgezeichnete Stabilität. Diese Legierungen entfalten schon beim zweiten Zyklus die volle Kapazität, Fig. 2. Als Vergleich ist eine bekannte, Kobalt enthaltende Legierung eingezeichnet. The alloys LaNÌ4.7Sio.3 and LaNÌ4.sSio.5 (atomic concentrations) produced by induction melting show excellent stability in an electrochemical half cell during cyclic loading and unloading in 6 molar potassium hydroxide solution. These alloys develop their full capacity already in the second cycle, FIG. 2. A known alloy containing cobalt is shown as a comparison.
Der Preis der Legierung kann nicht nur durch Verzicht auf Kobalt, Beispiel 1, sondern zusätzlich noch durch den Ersatz von reinem Lanthan durch Mischmetall (Mm: ca. 52% Ce, 28% La, 14% Nd,... , die Zusammensetzung von Mm ist durch die des Erzes bestimmt und ist abhängig vom Herkunftsort) oder durch lanthanreiches Mischmetall (Lm: ca. 80% La, 10% Nd, 5% Pr,...) erniedrigt werden. Die damit verbundene Erhöhung des Gleichgewichtsdruckes der Wasserstoffabsorption lässt sich durch partielle Substitution von Nickel durch Aluminium oder auch Mangan voll kompensieren. Allerdings nimmt die Kapazität dabei ab. [siehe z.B. A. Percheron-Guégan, C. Lartigue and J. C. Achard, J. Less-Common Met., 109 (1985) 287] The price of the alloy can be determined not only by not using cobalt, example 1, but also by replacing pure lanthanum with mixed metal (Mm: approx. 52% Ce, 28% La, 14% Nd, ..., the composition of Mm is determined by that of the ore and depends on the place of origin) or by lanthanum-rich mixed metal (Lm: approx. 80% La, 10% Nd, 5% Pr, ...). The associated increase in the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen absorption can be fully compensated for by partially substituting nickel with aluminum or manganese. However, the capacity decreases. [see e.g. A. Percheron-Guégan, C. Lartigue and J.C. Achard, J. Less-Common Met., 109 (1985) 287]
Beispiel 2: Example 2:
Die durch Induktionsschmelzen hergestellte Legierung der atomaren Zusammensetzung LaNi4.4AI0.3-SÌ0.3 zeigt in einer elektrochemischen Halbzelle beim zyklischen Be- und Entladen in 6 molarer Kalilauge den gleichen Kapazitätsverlauf wie LaNi4jSio.3. Fig. 2 und 3. Bei gleicher oder sogar besserer Stabilität kann Lanthan durch Lm bzw. Mm ersetzt werden wobei jedoch die absolute Kapazität etwas abnimmt (Fig. 3). Die Lebensdauermessung an den Legierungen MmNÌ3.7Alo.8Sio.5 und MmNÌ3.9Alo.8Sio.3 zeigen noch einmal deutlich den Einfluss des Siliziums auf die Lebensdauer. The alloy of the atomic composition LaNi4.4AI0.3-SÌ0.3 produced by induction melting shows the same capacity profile as LaNi4jSio.3 in an electrochemical half cell during cyclical loading and unloading in 6 molar potassium hydroxide solution. 2 and 3. With the same or even better stability, lanthanum can be replaced by Lm or Mm, but the absolute capacity decreases somewhat (FIG. 3). The lifetime measurement on the alloys MmNÌ3.7Alo.8Sio.5 and MmNÌ3.9Alo.8Sio.3 clearly show the influence of silicon on the lifetime.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH880/92A CH684195A5 (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1992-03-19 | Alloys for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and processes for producing electrodes and rechargeable batteries with these alloys. |
| PCT/CH1993/000076 WO1993019215A1 (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1993-03-18 | Alloy for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and its use in rechargeable batteries |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH880/92A CH684195A5 (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1992-03-19 | Alloys for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and processes for producing electrodes and rechargeable batteries with these alloys. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH684195A5 true CH684195A5 (en) | 1994-07-29 |
Family
ID=4197333
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH880/92A CH684195A5 (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1992-03-19 | Alloys for the reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen and processes for producing electrodes and rechargeable batteries with these alloys. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH684195A5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993019215A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1290345A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2003-03-12 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Electro-desorption compressor |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3918933A (en) * | 1973-03-28 | 1975-11-11 | Gen Electric | Nickel-lanthanum alloy produced by a reduction-diffusion process |
| NL8303630A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-05-17 | Philips Nv | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL WITH STABLE HYDRIDE-FORMING MATERIALS. |
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 CH CH880/92A patent/CH684195A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-03-18 WO PCT/CH1993/000076 patent/WO1993019215A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1993019215A1 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
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