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CH667758A5 - Electrical power loading reduction system for cooling plant - uses staggered operation of separate current loads to reduce overall max loading - Google Patents

Electrical power loading reduction system for cooling plant - uses staggered operation of separate current loads to reduce overall max loading Download PDF

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Publication number
CH667758A5
CH667758A5 CH4487/85A CH448785A CH667758A5 CH 667758 A5 CH667758 A5 CH 667758A5 CH 4487/85 A CH4487/85 A CH 4487/85A CH 448785 A CH448785 A CH 448785A CH 667758 A5 CH667758 A5 CH 667758A5
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
time
waste heat
electricity
electricity consumers
operating
Prior art date
Application number
CH4487/85A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ivan Langer
Christoph Schmid
Original Assignee
Ivan Langer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ivan Langer filed Critical Ivan Langer
Priority to CH4487/85A priority Critical patent/CH667758A5/en
Publication of CH667758A5 publication Critical patent/CH667758A5/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The electrical power loading reduction system allows the power reserve of a number of current loads, e.g. individual cooling appliances, to be used to reduce the max. overall pwer requirement. The operating and standing times of the different current loads are periodically regulated to reduce their simultaneous operation to a min. with identical overall running times over a given operating interval. Pref. the staggered operation of the individual current loads is effected via a programmed time switch with a number of different output channels for each of the loads, or by individual time switches for the respective loads. ADVANTAGE - Eliminates wide power loading fluctuations.

Description

       

  
 



   BESCHREIBUNG



   Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren, wie es im unabhängigen Patentanspruch 1 umschrieben ist. Eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird nachstehend anhand der Figuren erläutert. In den Figuren zeigen:
Fig. 1 den konventionellen Betrieb von 2 regelmässig arbeitenden, autonomen Kälteaggregaten. Aggregat A weist eine Periode von 30 min und eine zeitliche Auslastung von nahezu 50% auf. Aggregat B weist eine Periode von 40 min und eine Auslastung von 50% auf.



   Fig. 2 die resultierende Leistungsaufnahme bei konventionellem Betrieb, welche recht unregelmässig zwischen Null und der Spitzenlast von 10.1 kW schwankt.



   Fig. 3 wie die Betriebsvorgabe die beiden Aggregate in einer Periode von 40 min abwechslungsweise je 20 min freigibt, um gleichzeitigen Betrieb zu vermeiden. Aggregat B läuft während der ganzen Freigabezeit, hingegen Aggregat A wird durch seinen Kühlraumthermostaten ausgeschaltet (Ziffer 1.1) bereits vor Ende der Freigabezeit (1.2).



   Fig. 4 die resultierende .Leistungsaufnahme mit Betriebsvor gabe. Die maximale Leistungsaufnahme beträgt nur noch 5.2 kW.



   Fig. 5 ein Blockschaltbild einer Anlage mit 6 Kältemaschinen (3.1-3.6). Die Schaltuhren der Betriebsvorgabe sind in Serie geschaltet zu den bestehenden Kühlraumthermostaten (2.1-2.6).



   Viele in Betrieb stehende elektrische Apparate, insbesondere Kälteaggregate, weisen wesentliche Leistungsreserven und eine hohe Schalthäufigkeit auf. Die hohe auftretende Spitze der elektrischen   Leistungsaufnahme    (Fig. 2) führt zu hohen Leistungskosten bzw. Anschlussgebühren. Die Kälteaggregate werden von einem Thermostaten, der die Lufttemperatur im Kühlraum misst, ein- und ausgeschaltet. Die Wärmekapazität des Kühlguts ist in der Regel hoch, hingegen ist diejenige der Luft gering. Die Temperaturschwankungen im   Kühlgut    sind deshalb geringer als diejenigen der Luft.



   Die Betriebsvorgabe wird aufgrund von Messungen an der in Betrieb stehenden Anlage ausgearbeitet, wobei folgende Betriebseigenschaften entscheidend sind:  - zeitliche Auslastung  - Schalthäufigkeit  - Verlauf der Kühlguttemperatur
Die Betriebsvorgabe kann mittels einer Schaltuhr mit mehreren Ausgangs kanälen oder mehreren Schaltuhren mit wenigen Ausgangskanälen erfolgen.



   Nach der Ausführung der Betriebsvorgabe werden die Kühlguttemperaturen während einer bestimmten Zeit registriert und mit den zulässigen Toleranzen verglichen. Nötigenfalls ist die Betriebsvorgabe zu modifizieren oder die Wärmekapazität des Kühlraums anzupassen.



   Das Verfahren nützt somit die vorhandenen Leistungsreserven der Kälteaggregate und die Wärmekapazität des Kühlguts bzw. des Kühlraums aus. Die summarischen Laufzeiten der Aggregate werden mit der periodischen Betriebsvorgabe beibehalten. Die Betriebsvorgabe verhindert oder reduziert hingegen die zufällige Betriebsgleichzeitigkeit der Aggregate oder Gruppen.



  Es wird somit insgesamt eine ausgeglichene Leistungsaufnahme ohne Leistungsspitzen erreicht (Fig. 4).



   Bei entsprechender Programmierung der Betriebsvorgabe kann im weiteren erreicht werden:  - Es kann eine gewisse Verlagerung des Stromverbrauchs von der Hochtarif- in die Niedertarifzeit stattfinden.

 

   - In Betrieben mit ausgeprägten, regelmässigen und kurzen Spitzenlastzeiten, kann die Betriebsvorgabe durch kurzfristige Sperrung der Kälteaggregate die max. Leistungsaufnahme und die Leistungskosten besonders stark senken.



   - Bei Anlagen mit installierter Abwärmeverwertung, kann ein ausgeglichenes Wärmeangebot erreicht werden. Die jährliche Betriebszeit der vollen Abwärmenutzung wird verlängert und das Pendeln der Wärmeverbraucher-Regelungen weitgehend verhindert. Ausserdem ist es möglich, Menge und Zeitpunkt der anfallenden Abwärme günstig zu beeinflussen.



   - Mittels der Betriebsvorgabe können die Betriebs- und Stillstandszeiten erhöht und damit die Lebensdauer der Anlagen verlängert werden.



   - Die Stromversorgung wird ausgeglichener belastet, was für die Stromproduzenten und Verteilnetze von Vorteil ist. 



  
 



   DESCRIPTION



   The present invention relates to a method as described in independent claim 1. An embodiment of the method is explained below with reference to the figures. The figures show:
Fig. 1 shows the conventional operation of 2 regularly working, autonomous refrigeration units. Aggregate A has a period of 30 minutes and a time utilization of almost 50%. Aggregate B has a period of 40 minutes and a load of 50%.



   Fig. 2 shows the resulting power consumption in conventional operation, which fluctuates quite irregularly between zero and the peak load of 10.1 kW.



   Fig. 3 as the operating specification releases the two units alternately in a period of 40 min each 20 min to avoid simultaneous operation. Unit B runs during the entire release time, however unit A is switched off by its cold room thermostat (section 1.1) before the end of the release time (1.2).



   Fig. 4 shows the resulting. Power consumption with operation. The maximum power consumption is only 5.2 kW.



   Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a system with 6 chillers (3.1-3.6). The time switches of the operating instructions are connected in series with the existing cold room thermostats (2.1-2.6).



   Many electrical devices in operation, in particular refrigeration units, have substantial power reserves and a high switching frequency. The high peak of electrical power consumption (FIG. 2) leads to high power costs or connection fees. The refrigeration units are switched on and off by a thermostat that measures the air temperature in the refrigerator. The heat capacity of the refrigerated goods is usually high, but that of the air is low. The temperature fluctuations in the refrigerated goods are therefore less than those in the air.



   The operating specification is worked out on the basis of measurements on the system in operation, the following operating characteristics being decisive: - time utilization - switching frequency - course of the temperature of the refrigerated goods
The operating specification can be made using a time switch with several output channels or several time switches with few output channels.



   After executing the operating specification, the refrigerated goods temperatures are registered for a certain time and compared with the permissible tolerances. If necessary, the operating specification must be modified or the heat capacity of the cold room adjusted.



   The method thus uses the existing power reserves of the refrigeration units and the heat capacity of the refrigerated goods or the cold room. The aggregate running times of the units are retained with the periodic operating specification. The operating specification, on the other hand, prevents or reduces the random simultaneous operation of the units or groups.



  A balanced power consumption without power peaks is thus achieved overall (FIG. 4).



   With appropriate programming of the operating specification, the following can also be achieved: - There can be a certain shift in electricity consumption from the high tariff to the low tariff time.

 

   - In companies with pronounced, regular and short peak load times, the operating default can be the max. Power consumption and the power costs cut particularly strongly.



   - In systems with installed waste heat recovery, a balanced heat supply can be achieved. The annual operating time of the full use of waste heat is extended and the oscillation of the heat consumer regulations is largely prevented. In addition, it is possible to favorably influence the amount and time of the waste heat generated.



   - The operating time and downtimes can be increased by means of the operating specification and thus the service life of the systems can be extended.



   - The electricity supply is more balanced, which is an advantage for electricity producers and distribution networks.


    

Claims (4)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Verfahren zur Reduktion der maximalen summarischen elektrischen Leistungsaufnahme zweier oder mehrerer-Strom- verbraucher, welche eine reduzierte zeitliche Auslastung aufweisen, die durch betriebliche Messungen festgestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Betriebsvorgabe die Lauf- und Stillstandszeiten der verschiedenen Stromverbraucher oder Gruppen von Stromverbrauchern mit ähnlichen Betriebseigenschaften, wie Auslastung und Schalthäufigkeit, periodisch ordnet, derart dass gleichzeitiger Betrieb möglichst soweit vermieden wird, als die momentane Leistungsaufnahme deren Mittelwert übersteigt, wobei über eine geeignete Zeitperiode die gleiche oder nahezu gleiche summarische Laufzeit eingehalten wird.  PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for reducing the maximum total electrical power consumption of two or more electricity consumers, which have a reduced time utilization, which is determined by operational measurements, characterized in that an operating specification specifies the running and downtimes of the various electricity consumers or groups of electricity consumers periodically arranges with similar operating characteristics, such as utilization and switching frequency, in such a way that simultaneous operation is avoided as far as possible when the current power consumption exceeds its mean value, the same or almost the same total running time being maintained over a suitable period of time. 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsvorgabe durch eine programmierbare Steuerung, insbesondere durch eine Schaltuhr mit mehreren Ausgangskanälen, oder mehrere Schaltuhren mit wenigen Ausgangskanälen, welche in Serie zu den bestehenden Regelungen oder Steuerungen geschaltet werden, erfolgt.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating specification is carried out by a programmable controller, in particular by a time switch with a plurality of output channels, or a plurality of time switches with a few output channels, which are connected in series with the existing regulations or controls.   3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsvorgabe in den Spitzenzeiten des Stromverbrauchs des Netzes oder Betriebs die Laufzeiten der einzelnen Stromverbraucher oder Gruppen von Stromverbrauchern beschränkt oder unterdrückt, bzw. in den Zeiten niedrigen Stromverbrauchs vergrössert, um damit den Stromverbrauch des Netzes oder Betriebs auszugleichen.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating specification during the peak times of the electricity consumption of the network or operation limits or suppresses the runtimes of the individual electricity consumers or groups of electricity consumers, or increases them during the times of low electricity consumption, in order to increase the electricity consumption of the network or compensate for operating. 4. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsvorgabe bei Stromverbrauchern mit Abwärmenutzung, insbesondere Gewerbekälteanlagen mit Abwärmenutzung, in der Spitzenzeit des Abwärmebedarfs die Laufzeiten der einzelnen Stromverbraucher oder Gruppen von Stromverbrauchern vergrössert, bzw. in den Zeiten niedrigen Abwärmebedarfs beschränkt, um damit das Abwärmeangebot zeitlich und mengenmässig dem Abwärmebedarf anzupassen.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating specification for electricity consumers with waste heat use, in particular commercial refrigeration systems with waste heat use, increases the running times of the individual electricity consumers or groups of electricity consumers during the peak time of the waste heat demand, or limits it in the times of low waste heat demand, in order to adapt the waste heat supply to the waste heat demand in terms of time and quantity.
CH4487/85A 1985-10-18 1985-10-18 Electrical power loading reduction system for cooling plant - uses staggered operation of separate current loads to reduce overall max loading CH667758A5 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4487/85A CH667758A5 (en) 1985-10-18 1985-10-18 Electrical power loading reduction system for cooling plant - uses staggered operation of separate current loads to reduce overall max loading

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4487/85A CH667758A5 (en) 1985-10-18 1985-10-18 Electrical power loading reduction system for cooling plant - uses staggered operation of separate current loads to reduce overall max loading

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CH667758A5 true CH667758A5 (en) 1988-10-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999034160A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 The Coca-Cola Company Master/slave compressor control system for refrigerated vending machine
WO2002048615A3 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-01-09 Honeywell Int Inc Fault-tolerant multi-node stage sequencer and method for energy systems

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999034160A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 The Coca-Cola Company Master/slave compressor control system for refrigerated vending machine
WO2002048615A3 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-01-09 Honeywell Int Inc Fault-tolerant multi-node stage sequencer and method for energy systems
US6745085B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2004-06-01 Honeywell International Inc. Fault-tolerant multi-node stage sequencer and method for energy systems

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