CH596326A5 - Protective surfacing of permanent metal casting moulds - Google Patents
Protective surfacing of permanent metal casting mouldsInfo
- Publication number
- CH596326A5 CH596326A5 CH1227475A CH1227475A CH596326A5 CH 596326 A5 CH596326 A5 CH 596326A5 CH 1227475 A CH1227475 A CH 1227475A CH 1227475 A CH1227475 A CH 1227475A CH 596326 A5 CH596326 A5 CH 596326A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- permanent
- protective layer
- layer
- phosphate
- protective
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].C#C Chemical group [O].C#C LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 Al2O3 + 3% TiO2 Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
- C23C4/185—Separation of the coating from the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
- C04B35/6306—Binders based on phosphoric acids or phosphates
- C04B35/6309—Aluminium phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
- C04B35/657—Processes involving a melting step for manufacturing refractories
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00525—Coating or impregnation materials for metallic surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
- C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Process for applying protective coatings to permanent metal mould to combat erosion by molten metals, comprises (1) applying a sprayed coating of Al2O3 or a mixt. of Al2O3 with other metal oxides, e.g. Al2O3 + 3% TiO2, e.g. by flame spraying or plasma spraying, and (2) applying a dressing of monoaluminium phosphate and finely divided Al2O3 or Al(OH)3 in water, and allowing the mixt. to react chemically to form a hard permanent layer of trialuminium phosphate.The finishes have good adhesion to the mould, are nonporous, and have excellent abrasion and high temp. resistance, so that the moulds can be used for long periods without attention (e.g. >200 castings without damage to the coating). The protective layer has good thermal insulation properties, so that thermal shock to the casting is minimised, giving improved surface finish to the castings. The finishes also have good release properties.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht auf metallischen Dauerformen gegen Erosion durch geschmolzenes Metall unter Verwendung eines Aufspritzverfahrens.
Zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht auf metallischen Dauerformen sind zahlreiche Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden, welche ein Bindemittel mit Wasser und einen Füllstoff verwenden. Nachteilig ist bei diesen Verfahren, dass die dabei erzeugten Schutzschichten aufgrund einer geringen mechanischen Verbindung mit der Oberfläche der Dauerform ein schlechtes Haftvermögen aufweisen. Als Folge davon lösen sich die Schutzschichten schon nach wenigen Abgüssen und müssen ausgebessert oder erneuert werden, was zu häufigen Betriebsunterbrüchen führt.
Die in neuerer Zeit immer mehr zur Anwendung gelangenden Metallspritzverfahren unterscheiden sich gegenüber den vorstehend erwähnten Verfahren dadurch, dass bei ihnen keine Bindemittel mit Wasser benötigt werden und die erzeugte Schutzschicht mit der Oberfläche der Dauerform eine stärkere mechanische Verbindung eingeht. Ausserdem kann beispielsweise mit dem Plasmaspritzverfahren eine Schutzschicht mit höherer Temperaturbeständigkeit erzeugt werden.
Leider weisen die mit diesen Verfahren aufgebrachten Schutzschichten poröse, gegen Verschleiss wenig beständige Oberflächen auf. Das flüssige Metall kann leicht in die Schutzschichten eindringen und sie bei der Entnahme der erstarrten Gussteile ganz oder teilweise ablösen. Solche Schutzschichten müssen ebenfalls häufig ausgebessert oder ersetzt werden. Durch örtliche Ausbesserungsarbeiten können sich Unebenheiten auf der Formoberfläche ergeben, welche zu Massungenauigkeiten der erzeugten Gussteile führen. Zudem muss nach einer bestimmten Anzahl Abgüssen die ganze Dauerform gereinigt und eine neue Schutzschicht aufgetragen werden.
Der Versuch, die poröse Oberfläche mit einer aus einem Bindemittel und Füllstoff bestehenden Schutzschicht von 0,3 bis 0,5 mm Dicke abzudecken, brachte keinen Erfolg, da derer Haftfähigkeit zu gering war.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dauerschutzschicht auf metallischen Dauerformen zu schaffen.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Schicht aus Aluminiumoxyd oder Aluminiumoxyd mit anderen Metalloxyden vermischt aufspritzt, auf diese Schicht eine Schlichte aus Monoaluminiumphosphat mit feiner Tonerde oder Aluminiumhydroxyd und Wasser aufbringt und beide zu einer harten, Trialuminiumphosphat aufweisenden Dauerschutzschicht chemisch reagieren lässt.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben.
Unter Anwendung eines Flamm- oder Plasmaspritzverfahrens wird ein Füllstoff aus Aluminiumoxyd (Al203) oder Aluminiumoxyd mit anderen Metalloxyden vermischt, zum Beispiel (Al203 und ca. 3 % TiO2) auf die Oberfläche einer metallischen Dauerform, vorzugsweise bis zu einer Schichtdicke von 0,1 bis 0,3 mm aufgetragen. Diese Toleranz ist einzuhalten, um Schwindungsrisse im aufgebrachten Überzug, als Folge seines unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten gegenüber der Dauerform, zu verhüten.
Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen gibt man oft dem Flammspritzverfahren den Vorzug, mit welchem ein im Plastikröhrchen eingebrachter Füllstoff, unter Beihilfe von Pressluft verspritzt wird. Benutzt man einen in Drahtform gepressten Füllstoff, so kann er mittels einer Spritzpistole oder Spritzmaschinf und einem Brenngas, zum Beispiel Sauerstoff-Acetylen oder einem Sauerstoff-Wasserstoff-Gemisch abgeschmolzen werden. Das aufwendigere Plasmaspritzverfahren wird eingesetzt, wenn für die Ueberzüge höhere Temperaturbeständigkeiten, beispielsweise bis ca. 2000 C, gefordert werden.
Die nach diesen Verfahren aufgetragenen Überzüge sind gekennzeichnet durch sehr gute mechanische Haftung auf den metallischen Dauerformen, weisen jedoch aussen poröse, durch das flüssige Metall leicht verschleissbare Oberflächen auf. Um die Verschleissfestigkeit zu erhöhen, wird auf den Überzügen eine Schlichte, bestehend aus Monoaluminiumphosphat mit feiner Tonerde oder Aluminiumhydroxyd und Wasser aufgetragen. Dabei wird die Schlichte durch die Poren aufgesogen und reagiert chemisch mit dem aufgespritzten Überzug zu einem sehr harten, feuerfesten und chemisch beständigen Trialuminiumphosphat. Gleichzeitig wird die poröse Oberfläche durch die Schlichte geglättet und abgedichtet.
Die einzelnen Komponenten der Schlichte können beispielsweise folgende mengenmässigen Anteile aufweisen: - 100 ml Monoaluminiumphosphatlösung (50%) - 30 bis 100 ml feine Tonerde oder Aluminiumhydroxyd (Al203 oder Al[OH]3) - 80 bis 150 ml Wasser
Die Zubereitung der Schlichte erfolgt vorteilhafterweise ca.
zwölf Stunden vor dem Gebrauch, wobei auf eine gute Durchmischung zu achten ist. Zur Erreichung einer besseren Haftung wird die Dauerform auf ca. 50 bis 80" C vorgewärmt.
Die erforderliche Schichtdicke wird durch Auftragen von einzelnen aufeinanderfolgenden Lagen, beispielsweise mit einem Pinsel, erreicht. Das Abbinden der Schlichte beginnt während dem Verdunsten des Wassers.
Aufgrund der äusserst guten Verschleissfestigkeit des Trialuminiumphosphats bildet dieses eine temperaturbeständige Dauerschutzschicht. Bei Versuchen mit solchen Schutzschichten konnten nach 200 Abgüssen von hochschmelzenden Metallen auf der Dauerform noch keine Beschädigungen festgestellt werden.
Schutzschichten nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren lassen sich auf allen metallischen Dauerformen anbringen. Die Haftfähigkeit der Schutzschichten auf den Dauerformen wird jedoch durch die Anwesenheit von reinem Graphit vermindert, wie er beispielsweise auf den bearbeiteten Oberflächen der Gusswerkstoffe Grauguss, Temperguss und Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit vorliegen kann. Eine normale Haftung kann auf diesen Werkstoffen dann erreicht werden, wenn die Schutzschicht auf die unbearbeiteten Gussoberflächen aufgetragen wird.
Die beschriebene Dauerschutzschicht für metallische Dauerformen weist die folgenden Vorteile auf: - hohe Abriebbeständigkeit (Giessversuchee haben ergeben, dass mit einer Standzeit von mehreren hundert Abgüssen gerechnet werden kann); - gute Wärmeisolation (der Wärmeaustausch zwischen Schmelze und Dauerform wird verlangsamt, d. h. die Abschreckwirkung der Dauerform wird gebremst und dadurch die Oberfläche der erzeugten Gussteile verbessert); - gute Trennbarkeit (das Ankleben der Gussteile in der Dauerform wird verhindert, da die aufgebrachte Schutzschicht eine glatte Oberfläche aufweist, als Folge davon zeigen die Gussteile eine hohe Oberflächengüte); - hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit: Trialuminiumphosphat ist bis ca. 20000 C beständig.
PATENTANSPRUCH
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schutzschicht auf metallischen Dauerformen gegen Erosion durch geschmolzenes Metall unter Verwendung eines Aufspritzverfahrens, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Schicht aus Aluminiumoxyd oder Aluminiumoxyd mit anderen Metalloxyden vermischt aufspritzt, auf diese Schicht eine Schlichte aus Monoalumini
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld konnte Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
The invention relates to a method for producing a protective layer on permanent metal molds against erosion by molten metal using a spray-on method.
Numerous methods have been proposed for producing a protective layer on permanent metal molds which use a binder with water and a filler. The disadvantage of these methods is that the protective layers produced in the process have poor adhesion due to a poor mechanical connection with the surface of the permanent mold. As a result, the protective layers loosen after just a few castings and have to be repaired or renewed, which leads to frequent business interruptions.
The metal spraying processes that have been used more and more recently differ from the above-mentioned processes in that they do not require any binding agents with water and the protective layer produced forms a stronger mechanical bond with the surface of the permanent mold. In addition, a protective layer with higher temperature resistance can be produced, for example, with the plasma spraying process.
Unfortunately, the protective layers applied using this process have porous surfaces that are not very resistant to wear. The liquid metal can easily penetrate the protective layers and completely or partially detach them when the solidified cast parts are removed. Such protective layers also often have to be repaired or replaced. Local repair work can result in unevenness on the mold surface, which leads to dimensional inaccuracies in the cast parts produced. In addition, after a certain number of casts, the entire permanent mold must be cleaned and a new protective layer applied.
Attempts to cover the porous surface with a protective layer 0.3 to 0.5 mm thick consisting of a binder and filler were unsuccessful because their adhesiveness was too poor.
The invention is based on the object of creating a method for producing a permanent protective layer on permanent metallic molds.
The method according to the invention is characterized in that a layer of aluminum oxide or aluminum oxide mixed with other metal oxides is sprayed on, a size of monoaluminium phosphate with fine clay or aluminum hydroxide and water is applied to this layer and both are allowed to react chemically to form a hard, permanent protective layer containing trialuminium phosphate.
The method according to the invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment.
Using a flame or plasma spraying process, a filler made of aluminum oxide (Al203) or aluminum oxide is mixed with other metal oxides, for example (Al203 and approx. 3% TiO2) on the surface of a permanent metallic mold, preferably up to a layer thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm applied. This tolerance must be observed in order to prevent shrinkage cracks in the applied coating as a result of its different expansion coefficient compared to the permanent form.
For economic reasons, preference is often given to the flame spraying process, with which a filler introduced in the plastic tube is sprayed with the aid of compressed air. If you use a filler pressed in the form of a wire, it can be melted off using a spray gun or spray machine and a fuel gas, for example oxygen-acetylene or an oxygen-hydrogen mixture. The more complex plasma spraying process is used when higher temperature resistances, for example up to approx. 2000 C, are required for the coatings.
The coatings applied according to this process are characterized by very good mechanical adhesion to the permanent metal molds, but have porous surfaces on the outside that are easily wearable by the liquid metal. In order to increase the wear resistance, a size consisting of monoaluminium phosphate with fine clay or aluminum hydroxide and water is applied to the coatings. The size is absorbed through the pores and reacts chemically with the sprayed-on coating to form a very hard, fire-resistant and chemically resistant trial aluminum phosphate. At the same time, the porous surface is smoothed and sealed by the coating.
The individual components of the size can for example have the following proportions: - 100 ml monoaluminium phosphate solution (50%) - 30 to 100 ml fine alumina or aluminum hydroxide (Al 2 O 3 or Al [OH] 3) - 80 to 150 ml water
The size is advantageously prepared approx.
twelve hours before use, taking care to mix well. The permanent mold is preheated to approx. 50 to 80 ° C to achieve better adhesion.
The required layer thickness is achieved by applying individual successive layers, for example with a brush. The setting of the size begins as the water evaporates.
Due to the extremely good wear resistance of the trial aluminum phosphate, it forms a temperature-resistant permanent protective layer. In tests with such protective layers, no damage was found on the permanent mold after 200 castings of refractory metals.
Protective layers using the method described can be applied to all permanent metallic forms. However, the adhesion of the protective layers to the permanent molds is reduced by the presence of pure graphite, as can be found, for example, on the machined surfaces of the cast materials gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and cast iron with spheroidal graphite. Normal adhesion can be achieved on these materials if the protective layer is applied to the unprocessed cast surfaces.
The described permanent protective layer for permanent metallic molds has the following advantages: high abrasion resistance (casting tests have shown that a service life of several hundred casts can be expected); - Good thermal insulation (the heat exchange between the melt and the permanent mold is slowed down, i.e. the quenching effect of the permanent mold is slowed down, thereby improving the surface of the castings produced); - good separability (the sticking of the cast parts in the permanent mold is prevented because the applied protective layer has a smooth surface, as a result of which the cast parts show a high surface quality); - high temperature resistance: Trialuminium phosphate is resistant up to approx. 20,000 C.
PATENT CLAIM
Process for the production of a protective layer on permanent metal molds against erosion by molten metal using a spraying process, characterized in that a layer of aluminum oxide or aluminum oxide mixed with other metal oxides is sprayed onto this layer with a size of monoaluminum
** WARNING ** End of DESC field could overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1227475A CH596326A5 (en) | 1975-09-22 | 1975-09-22 | Protective surfacing of permanent metal casting moulds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1227475A CH596326A5 (en) | 1975-09-22 | 1975-09-22 | Protective surfacing of permanent metal casting moulds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH596326A5 true CH596326A5 (en) | 1978-03-15 |
Family
ID=4381477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1227475A CH596326A5 (en) | 1975-09-22 | 1975-09-22 | Protective surfacing of permanent metal casting moulds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH596326A5 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005042475A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Ag | Mold release layer for casting non-ferrous metals |
-
1975
- 1975-09-22 CH CH1227475A patent/CH596326A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005042475A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Ks Aluminium-Technologie Ag | Mold release layer for casting non-ferrous metals |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |