CH243595A - Process for the production of high quality fused corundum. - Google Patents
Process for the production of high quality fused corundum.Info
- Publication number
- CH243595A CH243595A CH243595DA CH243595A CH 243595 A CH243595 A CH 243595A CH 243595D A CH243595D A CH 243595DA CH 243595 A CH243595 A CH 243595A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- oxide
- reducing agent
- earth metal
- corundum
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/38—Preparation of aluminium oxide by thermal reduction of aluminous minerals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1427—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by melting, at least partially, e.g. with a binder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochwertigem Schmelzkorund. Schmelzkorund wird in immer steigendem Masse in .der Industrie verwendet, zum Teil als Schleifmittel, zum Teil als feuerfestes Material. Seine Güte steigt mit zunehmen dem Gehalt an Aluminiumoxyd.
Schmelzkorund wird derzeit so herge stellt, dass Bauxit mit Kohle im elektrischen Ofen geschmolzen wird. Bei dieser Gelegen heit werden die leichter reduzierbaren Oxyde, wie z. B. die des Eisens, Mangans und des Siliziums, mehr oder weniger, je nach Koh lenzuschlag, reduziert, während die schwerer reduzierbaren Oxyde, wie z. B. des Titans, fast zur Gänze in dem erzeugten Korund zurückbleiben. Aber auch ein vollständiges Entfernen der zuerst genannten Elemente ist nicht möglich.
Es bleiben meist noch 2 bis 4 % als Summe dieser Oxyde im Korund zu rück, so dass höchstens ein Korund von 95 bis 96 % Aluminiumoxyd nach diesem Ver fahren erzeugt werden kann.
Ein Arbeiten mit höherem Kohlenzu schlag zwecks besserer Reduktion der oben angeführten Oxyde, so dass diese fast restlos reduziert werden, ist nicht möglich. So hoher Kohlenzusatz greift bereits das Aluminium- oxyd unter Bildung von Karbiden an. Diese Karbide beeinträchtigen aber die Qua lität des erzeugten Schmelzkorunds sehr nachteilig.
Nach dem oben angeführten Verfahren ist es daher nicht möglich, guten Schmelzkorund zu erzeugen, aus welchem die reduzier baren Oxyde ganz oder doch bis auf wenige Zehntelprozente entfernt wurden.
Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es möglich, alle Oxyde, welche leichter als Alu miniumoxyd reduzierbar sind, ganz oder doch bis auf praktisch belanglose Reste zu ent fernen, ohne dass die gefürchtete Karbid bildung eintritt. Zurück bleiben, ausser Spu ren der leichter reduzierbaren Oxyde, nur die Oxyde der Erdmetalle und der alkalischen Erden.
Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeich net, däss das Ausgangsmaterial zuerst im elektrischen Ofen mit kohlehaltigem Material geschmolzen wird, wobei der kohlehaltige Zusatz so zu wählen ist, dass der grösste Teil der leichter als Aluminiumoxyd reduzierbaren Oxyde reduziert wird, aber noch keine Kar bidbildung eintritt, worauf die noch im Korund verbliebenen Reste der leichter als Aluminiumoxyd reduzierbaren Oxyde durch Zugabe eines andern Reduktionsmittels redu ziert werden.
Am zweckmässigsten verwendet man hierzu Aluminium, da dieses eine starke Reduktionswirkung hat und das bei der Re- duktion gebildete Aluminiumoxyd die Zu sammensetzung des Korundes sogar noch günstig beeinflusst. Die Reduktionswirkung lässt sich aber auch mit andern Erdmetallen oder mit Magnesium erzielen. Das leichte Aluminium schwimmt jedoch auf der Korund- schmelze und wirkt infolgedessen, trotz Rüh- rens, nur langsam in die Tiefe. Ausserdem verbrennt ein Teil des Metalles an der Luft.
Ferner ergibt sich die Schwierigkeit, dass ausreduziertes Silizium, infolge seines gerin gen spezifischen Gewichtes nur unvollkom men in der Schmelze untersinkt, wenn nicht genügende Mengen eines Schwermetalles vor handen sind, mit dem es sich legieren kann. Daher ist es vorteilhaft, dem Aluminium ein Beschwerungsmittel zuzugeben.
Hierbei kann man als Reduktionsmittel die Legierung eines Erdmetalles mit einem Schwermetall, z. B. Ferroaluminium, verwen den, oder man mischt dem Erdmetall ein Schwermetall bei, wie z. B. metallisches Eisen zu Aluminium, oder man mischt zerkleinertes Aluminium mit einem Schwermetalloxyd, z. B. Eisenoxyd, oder man mischt das Erd- metall mit einem Bauxit, der grössere Mengen Eisenoxyd enthält. Die Mischung muss hier bei immer so gewählt werden, dass ein Über schuss an Erdmetall zugesetzt wird über die jenige Menge hinaus, welche zur Reduktion des Schwermetalloxydes notwendig ist. Es bildet sich dann eine Legierung, z.
B. des Aluminiums mit dem Eisen, welche in der Schmelze untersinkt, bei welcher Gelegenheit das Aluminium der Legierung mit den noch in der Schmelze befindlichen reduzierbaren Oxyden reagiert. Diese Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens hat zwar den Nachteil, dass ein höherer Aluminiumver brauch eintritt, da ja ein Teil des Alumi niums zur Reduktion des Eisenoxydes ver braucht wird; sie hat aber anderseits den Vorteil, dass die gebildete Aluminiumlegie rung in überhitztem Zustand in die Korund- schmelze eingeführt wird.
Hierdurch wird die Reduktion der Oxyde im Korund begün stigt.
Bei Verarbeitung von Bauxiten, welche arm an Erdalkalimetallen sind, ist es nach diesem Verfahren möglich, Schmelzkorund zu erzeugen, welcher über 98 % Aluminium oxyd enthält.
Process for the production of high quality fused corundum. Fused corundum is increasingly used in industry, partly as an abrasive, partly as a refractory material. Its quality increases as the aluminum oxide content increases.
Fused corundum is currently manufactured in such a way that bauxite is melted with coal in an electric furnace. On this occasion, the more easily reducible oxides such. B. that of iron, manganese and silicon, more or less, depending on Koh lenzurchlag, reduced, while the more difficult to reducible oxides such. B. of titanium, remain almost entirely in the corundum produced. However, it is also not possible to completely remove the elements mentioned first.
There are usually still 2 to 4% as the sum of these oxides in the corundum, so that at most a corundum of 95 to 96% aluminum oxide can be produced by this process.
Working with a higher surcharge for the purpose of better reduction of the above-mentioned oxides, so that these are almost completely reduced, is not possible. Such a high addition of carbon already attacks the aluminum oxide with the formation of carbides. However, these carbides have a very detrimental effect on the quality of the fused corundum produced.
According to the above-mentioned method, it is therefore not possible to produce good fused corundum from which the reducible oxides have been completely or at least removed to a few tenths of a percent.
According to the present invention, it is possible to remove all oxides, which are more easily reducible than aluminum oxide, completely or at least apart from practically unimportant residues, without the dreaded carbide formation occurring. Apart from traces of the more easily reducible oxides, only the oxides of the earth metals and the alkaline earths remain.
The invention is characterized in that the starting material is first melted in an electric furnace with carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous additive being selected so that most of the oxides that are more easily reducible than aluminum oxide are reduced, but no carbide formation occurs, whereupon the residues of the oxides that are more easily reducible than aluminum oxide in the corundum can be reduced by adding another reducing agent.
It is most expedient to use aluminum for this purpose, since this has a strong reducing effect and the aluminum oxide formed during the reduction even has a favorable effect on the composition of the corundum. The reducing effect can also be achieved with other earth metals or with magnesium. The light aluminum, however, floats on the corundum melt and consequently only works slowly in the depth, despite stirring. In addition, some of the metal burns in the air.
Furthermore, the difficulty arises that reduced silicon, due to its low specific weight, only sinks incompletely in the melt if there are insufficient quantities of a heavy metal with which it can alloy itself. It is therefore advantageous to add a weighting agent to the aluminum.
Here you can use the alloy of an earth metal with a heavy metal, z. B. ferroaluminum, use the, or you mix the earth metal with a heavy metal, such. B. metallic iron to aluminum, or you mix crushed aluminum with a heavy metal oxide, z. B. iron oxide, or the earth metal is mixed with a bauxite which contains large quantities of iron oxide. The mixture must always be chosen in such a way that an excess of earth metal is added beyond the amount that is necessary to reduce the heavy metal oxide. An alloy is then formed, e.g.
B. the aluminum with the iron, which sinks in the melt, on which occasion the aluminum of the alloy reacts with the reducible oxides still in the melt. This embodiment of the process according to the invention has the disadvantage that a higher consumption of aluminum occurs, since part of the aluminum is used to reduce the iron oxide; On the other hand, however, it has the advantage that the aluminum alloy formed is introduced into the corundum melt in an overheated state.
This favors the reduction of the oxides in the corundum.
When processing bauxites, which are poor in alkaline earth metals, it is possible using this process to produce fused corundum which contains over 98% aluminum oxide.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE243595X | 1942-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH243595A true CH243595A (en) | 1946-07-31 |
Family
ID=5921564
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH243595D CH243595A (en) | 1942-04-23 | 1943-03-27 | Process for the production of high quality fused corundum. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH243595A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2368297A1 (en) * | 1976-10-25 | 1978-05-19 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | PROCESS FOR RETIREDING CATALYSTS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF ABRASIVES |
-
1943
- 1943-03-27 CH CH243595D patent/CH243595A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2368297A1 (en) * | 1976-10-25 | 1978-05-19 | Treibacher Chemische Werke Ag | PROCESS FOR RETIREDING CATALYSTS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF ABRASIVES |
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