CH176658A - Device for the methodical training of drivers of motor vehicles. - Google Patents

Description

Device for the methodical training of drivers of motor vehicles. There are already a large number of devices and methods for subjecting motor vehicle drivers to various examinations. These devices, called for example "Device for the examination of driving skills" or even "Device for the determination of the ability to react", etc., all have the sole purpose of carrying out measurements independently of any exercise, of any preparatory work, their authors considering that one can judge without others, and by such simplistic means, the faculty or one that a man possesses to become driver of a motor vehicle.

The superiority of the device according to the invention with respect to the devices of the above-mentioned type lies in the fact that it is not established with a view to use for a single examination, but rather at the contrary to the view of the methodical training of the driver, precisely controlled training, not only a quarter to the progress made, but also a quarter to the possibility of realizing the said progress.

The device which is the subject of the present invention uses the already known combination of a vehicle model comprising all the organs specific to the latter, with a cinematographic projection representing the terrain on which the vehicle is sensA .se mou voir. It is characterized by means allowing the control of the projection to be placed at will under the direction of the teacher or under the direction of the student, in such a way that the teacher can freely influence the direction, the speed and the - lateral displacement, whereas the student can only influence it through the intermediary of the maneuvering organs of the model, and this, in such a way that each displacement of one of these organs corresponds to a modification of the projection, giving the illusion of a change in the state of the movement of the vehicle corresponding to the maneuver executed.

The drawing shows a form of execution of the object of the invention, given by way of example.

fig. 1 is a plan view of the device combined with another device intended for a preliminary preparation of the Aleve according to the methods indicated, for example, in patent no. 171168, the device of which is supposed to be used here; fig. 2 represents the diagram of the connections relating to the organs of the tomobile model; fig. 3 shows in detail the construction of the panel c16 and of the button by which an stops the motor; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show the electrical connections of the clutch pedal, the accelerator and the kein pedal; fig. 7 represents a locking of the organs actuated by the accelerator and the brake pedal; fig. 8 finally shows a front view of one of the model's headlights.

In the overall plan view of FIG. 1, an sees in 1 the first model of the automobile from which the cinematographic apparatus 2 projects its images in 3.

At 4 is a board on which will be arranged the control devices placed under the supervision of the Moor, as well as, for example, the various devices, switches, switches, etc., of the device. 1st patent named above.

>, On a table 5 are finally various boxes forming part of the apparatus, of the aforementioned bre vet, as well as the boxes belonging to the present device. These various boxes are designated by the numbers 6, 7 and B.

On the model, at 9 we see the steering wheel, at 10 the clutch lever, at 11 the brake pedal and at 12 the accelerator. At 13 is a button for the foot control for changing the headlights 14. This model, which must imitate a real vehicle as exactly as possible, comprises at 15 the 1st panel usually, arranged on the 1st apron and on which .the first speedometer, the ignition key, etc. are fitted.

The cinematographic device 2 is installed in such a way as to allow projection in both directions and if possible of film without

END. It must also allow a variation of the projection speed and the fixed projection without danger of ignition of the film, it is finally arranged on a vertical axis 16, which makes it possible to move laterally to the left and to the right the first field of projection. The last movement takes place through the intermediary of a lever 17, when the master controls the projection, or from the steering wheel 9 and through the intermediary of a control sand 18 when the driving of the vehicle is sensk was entirely abandoned to 1'61eve. Any means may be provided for coupling the cinematographic apparatus to the cable 18 or to make it independent of it.

Here is now the description of the diagram of fig. 2: The cinematographic device is located at .g, it includes an adjustment resistor B. At C, there is a switch through which the master can give the student the current necessary for setting the handle of the motor of the automobile, while the first switch, ä, four poles D makes it possible to place the control of the cinematographic apparatus at will under the dependence of the organs of the automobile or nun. In the position represented by this switch, the cinematographic apparatus is supposed to be controlled by the master. In E is represented the motor of the automobile and in F and G two .commutateurs de sse last, one of which G is connected in the manner which will be described further on to the pedal of the (kidney), while the 1e cond F corresponds to the contact element.

The group of switches and switches H corresponds to the gearbox of the automobile and is composed of the switch I on the front and rear stick, represented in its position corresponding to the front stick, switch J for the first speed and switch g for the second speed, finally .de switch L for the direct socket.

The resistances <I>M, N, 0, P</I> of the motor E and of the motor of the cinematographic apparatus which are actuated, on the one hand, by the accelerator with regard to the resistances M, N

and, on the other hand, by the brake pedal in -which concerns the resistors 0, P, the resistors 31, 0, tanoes controlling the motor of the cinematographic apparatus and the resistors <I>N, P< /I> that of the vehicle.

The switch, 0,, connected to the handbrake, occupies the position shown when the latter is not applied. Two switches B and S are connected with the clutch pedal, respectively the brake pedal, in such a way that when releasing the clutch pedal, the first closes, the second closes when the pedal brake is pushed all the way.

The inotor of the cin@matographi device, designated by 19, comprises an inductor winding 20, it rotates without stopping, good kant that it serves at the same time as a fan of the projection device. The engagement and disengagement of the film transport mechanism oiit Bone. place mechanically and this by means of an electro-magnetic clutch 21 and disengagement 22 control. starting the engine.

Switch D and switch C being in the position drawn, the result is that the cinematographic apparatus is placed under the control of the master, and this in the following way: By closing switch 24, the first ma. it starts the first motor 19, 20 and lights the lamp 23, the latter by means of a circuit consisting of the positive terminal, the conductor 25, the switch 24, the lamp 23, of the conductor 26 and the negative terminal, while the motor circuit is constituted by the positive barne, the first conductor 25, the switch 24, the conductors 27, 28, the contact 29 of the switch D, the first conductor 30, winding 20, conductor 31, contact 32 of switch I, conductor 33, armature 19, conductor 34, contact 35 of switch D, conductor 36, resistor B, conductor 26 and the negative terminal.

By acting on resistance B, the master can vary the speed of projection of the cinematographic apparatus, <B>IQ</B>: direction of the latter being able to be reversed by means of a switch not represented @and arranged on the device itself. The clutching and the first clutching of the film transport movement is then done by hand, instead of being controlled by the electromagnets 21 and 22. Thus, the teacher can give the pupil the impression to roll quickly or slowly, to roll backwards, to be stopped or else, and by the displacement of the projection to the left or to the right, to move laterally relative to the ground.

The work of the student then consists in reacting to. these impressions, by actuating such or such organ of the automobile intended to obtain the desired effect. As a means of control, the Moor slides a box, for example the box 7 placed on the table 5 and inside which are placed a certain number of lamps, of which: each is connected to an argan of the automobile and , is behind a transparent parent on which an appropriate text, such as "Freie", "Aceeleration", "Vitesse II", "Volant ä Bauche", etc. is registered. If, for example, the teacher accelerates the speed of the projection, the pupil's reaction, that is to say the action of the accelerator, must immediately be marked by the light of 1 inscription "Acceleration". When the projection represents a disengagement, that is to say the successive passage of the fixed projection at various projection speeds, the maneuvers of the student must successively cause the inscriptions "Declutching", " Speed I", "Acceleration", "Declutch", "Speed II", etc. All the operations carried out by the pupil are for the moment only answered by the observations of the teacher, by whom the pupil must feel closely watched.

The exercises just described will constitute the first stage of the training plan for the execution of which the device is intended.

The second stage may differ from the first in the sense that the teacher will put the engine of the automobile at the disposal of the pupil, which takes place by closing the switch C. This engine, which is not other than a one-way rotational electric motor, it will have adequate means to imitate the noise and vibration of the gasoline engine, which is what one obtains, for example. example, by the -provision, of a; trap egcentree rotating with said mo tor.

When the student takes possession of the vehicle, the switches R, S are open, the switch F occupies the position drawn and the switch Q occupies a reverse position, to that represented, the handbrake, front at this time to be tight.

The student then puts the motor of his machine in the stick, by introducing the contact switch in the switchboard and turning it, that is to say by reversing the position of the switch F. The motor E is then supplied by the intermediary of the following circuit: positive terminal, conductors 25, 37, motor E, conductor 38, resistor N, conductor 39, key F, conductor 40, switch G, conductor 41, resistor. P, conductor 42, switch C and negative terminal.

As seen, this circuit crosses resistors N and P, the first of which is actuated by the accelerator and the second by the brake pedal, in such a way that when accelerating, i.e. say by moving the resistance N in the direction of the arrow 43, the .greatness of this resistance decreases, while by braking, of which by acting on the resistance P in the direction of the arrow 44, an increases the value of ce11e-ei. The pupil thus becomes accustomed not only to controlling the motor by means of his feet, but also to distinguishing its reactions and speed by hearing.

In addition to this, the student may act voluntarily on the handbrake and on the gearshift lever, except, however, that this results in something other than the illumination of the corresponding inscriptions on the box 7, inscriptions which will allow, as 4written before, a control of all that

the student, subsisting control <B>of</B> remains during all the degrees of learning, therefore also of the third of,-r,6, which we will write later.

fig. 3 shows a possible form of execution of the key F. A lever 46 rotating around the point 45 has at its free end a plunger 47 intended to meet a switch with a switch 48 and to bring it down, turning in turn a once ;ä left.che, once ä.right. In the position represented, the next rocking would take place at the right turn of the pivot 49. This movement is caused by the introduction of the Jans triangular opening 50 and by the rotation with this key of a lever 51. A button 52 also makes it possible to lower the first lever 46 through the intermediary of the Organs 53, which is only possible, however, if the first lock 54 is attracted by the magnet 55, the first winding of which is Jans. the first circuit of the con.ductors 40, 41 of the motor E, the first unlocking therefore taking place only if the first motor is in mamma. Terminal 56 leads to the conductor connecting switches F and G to each other. When the engine is running, it is therefore sufficient to press button 52 to cause it to stop.

As will be seen later, the switch G is connected to the brake pedal, in such a way that when braking hard, the switch takes place and causes the engine to stop.

For the last and third level of learning, an reverses the position of switch D, which allows the student to have full control of the cinematographic apparatus. At the same time, an establishes the connection between the steering wheel 9 and the cinematographic apparatus 2 by means of the sand 18.

In net Position of switch D, the resistors. M, 0, rigidly linked to resistors N, P, act on the speed of the cinematographic projection. Other resistors 57, 58 can also be introduced into the circuit of the cinematographic motor. The student then puts his engine in handle @ in the way already deorite, the others

organs of the automobile then acting on the projection in the following manner: The movements of the steering wheel cause the cinematographic apparatus to turn, moving the projected image to the left or to the right.

The <I>I</I> switch of the <I>H</I> group generally occupies the position shown, which it leaves only when the gearshift is placed in the rear stick position. The J, K, <I>L</I> switches only close when using the corresponding gear, first, second or direct drive.

Switch R is arranged in such a way that it forms for a short time each time the clutch pedal is released, after having used it, and switch S closes, like that has @already -6t6 'indicates that, when one presses ä, melts the pedal of the brake.

Suppose the switch I is in the A. Bauche position, which takes place by placing the gearshift lever in the rear stick position, this will result in a direction of rotation of the motor and the cinematographic apparatus. in the direction corresponding to the back run of the projection, without however the film being driven. The circuit of the cinematographic motor is then the following: Positive terminal, lead 25, switch `31, switch <B>27,</B> contact 59 of switch D, lead 34, motor armature 19, switch 33 , contact 32 of switch I, conductor 61, contact 29 of switch D, conductor 30, right-hand motor winding 20 at Bauche, conductor 31, contact 62 of switch I, conductor 63, contact 35 of switch D, conductor 6.1, resistors <B>57,</B> 58, conductor 65, resistors ?1I and 0, 1st conductor 66 and negative terminal.

As can be seen, this circuit comprises, in addition to resistors M and 0 of the accelerator and the brake terminal, resistors 57 and 58 in series, which corresponds to a reduced speed of the motor, where i.e. at a minimum speed of the vehicle, as is the case when you are in reverse,

the reduction of which corresponds approximately to the first gear.

So in this case the actuation of the accelerator has no effect here, it is seen that the actuation of the brake pedal has the effect of increasing the magnitude of the resistance O. Cola does not correspond exactly to reality, but was planned so, given that most cinematographic devices having two directions of projection only allow reverse projection at a very low speed.

The engine E of the automobile is, on the other hand, well below the dependence of the two resistors N and P and .of the. way .already described.

Let us now assume that the first speed having already been exceeded, an is in second. In this case, the various members of group H occupy the position represented: switch I occupies the forward stick position and switch K corresponding to second gear is closed.

Whereas the circuit of the motor E has not undergone any modifications, the situation is quite different with the circuit of the motor of the matographic cinema apparatus, which is formed in the following manner: positive terminal, conductor 25, switch 24 conductor 27, contact 59 of switch D, conductor 34, armature 19 of the motor, conductor 33, contact 32 of the switch I, conductor 31, winding 20 of the motor, but from left to right, conductor 30, contact 29 of switch D, conductor 61, contact 62 of switch 1, conductor 63, contacts 35 of switch D, conductor 64, resistor 57, conductor 60, contact 67 of switch K, conductors 68, 69, contact 70 of switch Q, conductor 71, lever 72 of resistor M, resistor M, resistor 0, conductors 66, 26 and negative terminal.

It is seen that contrary to the previous case, the current flows from Bauche to the right in the winding 20 of the cinematographic motor, which corresponds to the normal direction of rotation of the latter. The circuit is formed by the seine resistor 57 and the deug resistors M and 0, Co which means that the first

cinematographic engine Will be influenced both by the movement of the accelerator and by the operation of the brake pedal. If Fon had gone into First, by closing switch J, the two resistors <B>57,</B> 58 would have been in series in the circuit, while in direct L closes, the two resistors are off @circuit. In this last row, in fact, the circuit closes from the contacts 35 of the switch D, directly by the conductor 64, then the conductor 73 and the contact 74 of the switch L, continuing through the conductors 69 ei 71 @ of the circuit previously described. The resistances 57, 58 determine .so the .different speeds corresponding to the different positions of the lever .de .change .de gear.

The operations described so far only influence the direction of rotation and the speed of the motor of the cinematographic apparatus, without necessarily acting on the film, since the latter has hitherto been disengaged. The clutching of the film and its declutching take place, as mentioned, via the relays 21 and 22, and this in such a way that a current flow -on 1 one to 1'autre of the two relays is enough to cause 1'em brayage or 1e @debrayage.

The winding 21, intended to cause the clutch, is connected by the intermediary of the eon.duteur 75 to the switch R of the pedal .d'accluteur acting itself of 1a next way ei in .egard to detail represents 6 in fig. 4.

The Pedal 10 comprises a surface 76 by the first means of which it moves an auxiliary lever 77 pivots at 78 and has the first object tor R when the Pedal is released in the direction of arrow 80. The closed circuit is then the following: positive terminal, conductor 25, switch 24, protection resistor 81, relay 21, conductor 75 , switch R, conductor 82, contact 83 of switch I(-)

second gear), lead 84, switch Q contact 85, leads 86, 66, 26 and @negative terminal. It can be seen that the start of the film can only take place if one of the speeds is engaged and only if the switch Q occupies the position of the sinks, that is to say if the hand kidney is not not greenhouse.

On the other hand, it is also necessary for the film to stop completely when the kidney is blocked, which takes place by means of a device shown in detail in Fig. 6 ei which, when (queen block, closes the switch S ei causes 1'excitation.n .du relay 22 .dAbraage.

According to this figure, the brake pedal 11 also acts via an auxiliary lever 87 on the resistance P, this lever meeting at the end of its travel another lever 88 oscillating around the point 89 and actuating, von only 1 ' switch S, but also the first switch G, which has the effect of stopping the engine itself of the automobile, but only in the case where the braking takes place without the clutch being released at the same time. This result is obtained by means of the mechanical device according to FIG. 7.

Daus .rette figure, year sees the upper branches .of the auxiliary levers 7 7 and 87 of @ the clutch and brake pedal, turn two rotating around -a common axis 90. The sleeves 91 can rotate around this axis , Saus however able to move longitudinally on .the latter, ei pr6sen tent .des Inclined planes 92 on their opposite cätes, between which is finally a rotary organ 93 comparing corresponding inclined faces. A connecting rod 94, fixed to this rotary member, acts through the intermediary of a device shown in such a way as to couple the switch G to the connecting rod 95 of the lever 89 or to separate it according to the operation.

Dn acting only on the first lever .declutching, the first inclined plane 92 .depending on the latter pauses the member 93 in the first direction of the wane 97, while .qu'un action on the first lever 87 only produces the opposite effect. Whether,

on the other hand, an acts both on the levers 77 and 87 of the clutch and the brake, the organ 93 is driven by the two ineline planes and its rotation, through the intermediary of the connecting rod 94, separates the 1st switch G from the bar 95, the 1st braking ä, block having at this moment no longer the effect of stopping the motor E.

In general, the handbrake should not be used to brake the car while it is moving, but it should be applied each time the pupil leaves the car or released when he takes possession of it. In the applied position of this brake, the switch Q is located at Bauche, which does not prevent rotation of the motor of the ein6matogra phic apparatus by means of a circuit reducing by the resistors. 57, 58 and the full resistance M, of the positive terminal increasing resistors 57, 58, to the conductor 65, to the said resistor 1'!T, to the conductor 98, to the contact 85 of the switch Q, to the inverter 86 and to the . Negative terminal, the cinema motor then still turning at a sufficient speed to ventilate the apparatus.

On the other hand, the actuation of the gearshift has no effect as long as the handbrake is applied, since the current supplying the devices of the group <I>1I</I> passes always by the conductors 69 and 71, which are connected together by the first contact 85 only when the first brake is released.

The switches F and G are interconnected in such a way that the motor E can only rotate when the switch is inserted at F (see also Fig. 3) and the pedal brake is not locked or not. It does not act on the first switch G. However, it is on the other hand possible to close the circuit of the motor by the driver 40, in the first gas where the brake is fully applied (the first switch G therefore in the reverse position). of :Gelle represented), the key F occupies the Position represented. , But, actuation of the speed change --st then without effect because the first switch 8 has disengaged the first film by the intermediary: of the relay 22. FIG. 5 shows a simple way to connect the accelerator lever 12 to the corresponding resistor N.

A speedometer can be arranged on the panel and connected directly to the engine E or, which is preferable, via a mechanical gear change operated by the gear change lever, by same time as the group of devices H. In this way, the pupil becomes better aware of the variation in the speed at which he is supposed to roll.

Provision will also be made for the necessary means for controlling the lights of the headlights, either by means of the ele, or, for example, by means of button 13. The headlights themselves must be established in such a way that the - the student can take cognizance of the variation in their intensity of illumination, without, however, causing them to interfere with the projection.

fig. 8 shows the face of a lighthouse established in the goal. It includes games crowned with small lamps 99 and 100 and a small central lamp 101. These small lamps are of very low intensity. The outer ring 99 then represents the full light, the inner ring 100 the dipped beam and the lamp 101 the first police light.

To allow the student to become accustomed to the control of the headlights, the latter can turn around their vertical axis and, therefore, be directed backwards, against the student, so that the latter can observe the variation.s of illumination that it produces.

Claims (13)

CLAIM Device for the methodical training of drivers of motor and power vehicles, taking for this purpose and in combination a vehicle model and a cinematographic device for the projection of the terrain over which the vehicle is supposed to move, because & c terri6 by means for placing the control of the projection at will under the direction of the Moor or under the direction of the student, in such a way that the master can freely influence the direction, the speed and the lateral displacement, while the student does not can influence it only through the intermediary of the maneuvering organs of the model, and this in such a way that each displacement of one of these organs corresponds to a modification of the projection, giving the illusion of a change of the state of the vehicle handle corresponding to the maneuver performed. <B>SUB</B>-CLAIMS 1 Device according to claim, characterized by a control device of the master and comprising a certain number of lamps connected to the organs @of the model and lighting up behind screens comprising indications allowing the master to control the maneuvers performed by his student. 2 Device according to claim, character ris6 by a multipolar switch for putting .de place the first motor of the cinematographic device at will without the d6 dependence of the master or .de 1'61eve. 3 Device according to claim, .earact6 ris6 in that the first model comprises a mechanical motor, a switch allows both the master, give, to 1'eve the first neck rant necessary for the inise in sleeve .of his motor. 4 Device according to claim, cara, ct6 rise in quo the first master can have Tune resistance and -a switch in pourer for controlling '1a speed and, the direction of rotation of the tographic cin6ma motor. 5 Device according to claim, character t6ris6 by a .dispositif declutch clutch of the drive, of the film, positive device controlled 61ectromagn6tiquement by relays which can be excit6s, on the one hand, by the pMale of the clutch "on the other hand, by the brake pedal of the @dele engine. 6 Device according to claim and sub-claim 5, characterized in that the clutch pedal 1a acts on the 6electromagn6tique man.de com by means of a normally open switch and which only forms when after having acted on the pedal, letting it return to its resting position. 7 Device according to claim 5 and sub-claim 5, characterized in that the brake pedal acts on the electromagnetic control by means of a switch which only forms when the brakes are fully applied. 8 Device according to claim and sub-claim 3, characterized in that the engine of the model comprises means intended, both by noise and by the vibrations which they produce, to imitate an internal combustion engine. 9 Device according to claim and sub-claim 8, characterized in that the motor of the model is connected to a speedometer via a gearshift. 10 Device according to claim 1 and (1a sub-claim 3, characterized in that the motor circuit comprises two switches in series, one of which is connected to the ignition key and the other to the pedal. .of brake, and .in such a way that by tightening the first block brake, in the opposite direction. 11 Device according to claim and sub-claim 3, characterized in that the first circuit of the motor comprises two resistors in series and one of which varies without the Upen.dance .de 1'acc61erateur, the other without the dependence of the Pedal, of (kidney. 12 Device according to claim, caract6 rise in that Ile circuit .du matographic cin6 motor passes through at least one switch and at most one switch and one switch @ of a group comprising a eommutateur and three interrup tors reli6s .de tolle manner to the gearshift lever, that in the rear stick position of the latter, the Beul switch is actuated, while in the position of one of the three forward stick speeds, one of the three switches corresponding is closed, the cover with the aim of reversing the direction of the sleeve of the motor for the rear sleeve and of incorporating in its circuit various resistances, according to the speed on the dual year is momentarily. 13 Device according to. Claim and sub-claim 12 are characterized in that the circuit of the ein6matogra phic motor further comprises two resistors. the value of one of which is regulated by the movements of the accelerator and the value of the other by the movements of the brake pedal. 11 Device according to claim and sub-claim 12, characterized in that the circuit of the cinematographic motor which comprises a switch connects to the handbrake in such a way that in the applied position of the brake, the motor rotates at a reduced speed , independent of the position of the speed change lever, but suffisa.ute for ventilation of the hematographic device. 15 Device according to claim and sub-claims 5 and 12, characterized in that the circuits of the Mec tromabn6tique control pass through the gear change organs, so as to allow the setting in motion of the film only when one or the other of the gears is engaged. lf; Di, # poitif according to 1a reven.dication and the sub-claim 12, characterized by means mt caniques pla.ces under the dependence on the. both of the brake pedal and of the clutch pedal, in such a way that by acting on these two pedals at the same time, an only causes the opening of the circuit of the cinematographic motor, at the execution of the circuit. of the engine of the model. 17 Device according to 1a. claims and sub-claims 3 and 10, characterized in that the key switch can additionally be operated by a button, yet locked provided that the model's engine is not running. 18 Device according to claim and sub-claims 3, 10 and 17, characterized by a mercury switch. Device according to reven.dication, character ris6 by a mechanical @liaison between flywheel and cinematographic device, Jans 1st goal to move the projection laterally. Device according to claim, eara-cte ris6 by un.e .cle to vary the power -d'eclairement headlights .du model. 21 Device according to claim: caractA ris6 by a pedal! The allowing to vary the lighting power of the headlights of the model. 22 Device according to claim, earacte ris6 by headlights, three different lighting powers. Device according to claim and sub-claim 22, characterized in that the headlights are composed of two concentric crowns of lamps and a central lamp. Device according to claim and sub-claim 22, characterized in that the headlights can be rotated around a vertical axis.