CA3003967A1 - Dual-extraction method for inonotus obliquus - Google Patents
Dual-extraction method for inonotus obliquus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed herein is a method of preparing dried extract powder from inonotus-obliquus.
The method comprises: extracting inonotus obliquus with alcohol to form an alcohol-based chaga extract and alcohol-extracted inonotus obliquus;
extracting the alcohol-extracted inonotus obliquus with hot water to form a hot water-based chaga extract; combining the alcohol-based chaga extract and the hot water-based chaga extract to form a combined chaga extract; and drying the combined chaga extract to form a dried dual-extracted chaga powder. The alcohol-based extract and the hot water-based extract may be separately concentrated before being mixed together and dried. It is optional to separately dry the alcohol-based chaga extract and the hot water-based chaga extract to produce an alcohol-based chaga extract powder and a hot water-based chaga extract powder, and then mix the two powders together to produce a dry dual-extracted chaga powder.
The method comprises: extracting inonotus obliquus with alcohol to form an alcohol-based chaga extract and alcohol-extracted inonotus obliquus;
extracting the alcohol-extracted inonotus obliquus with hot water to form a hot water-based chaga extract; combining the alcohol-based chaga extract and the hot water-based chaga extract to form a combined chaga extract; and drying the combined chaga extract to form a dried dual-extracted chaga powder. The alcohol-based extract and the hot water-based extract may be separately concentrated before being mixed together and dried. It is optional to separately dry the alcohol-based chaga extract and the hot water-based chaga extract to produce an alcohol-based chaga extract powder and a hot water-based chaga extract powder, and then mix the two powders together to produce a dry dual-extracted chaga powder.
Description
DUAL-EXTRACTION METHOD FOR INONOTUS OBLIQUUS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to methods for extracting phytochemicals and components from lnonotus obliquus (chaga). In particular, the present disclosure pertains to methods that utilize sequential extractions with alcohol and with water.
BACKGROUND
Inonotus obliquus, commonly known as "chaga" or "chaga mushroom", is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is a parasitic fungus that infects birch trees and other trees found in northern-temperate-climatic regions. Chaga-infected trees commonly have one or more dark-colored protuberances measuring about 10" to about 25" (about 25.5 cm to about 63.5 cm) or greater growing outward from the tree trunks. The chaga protuberances are dense masses of fungal mycelia wherein the outer surfaces are black, hard, dry, and cracked sclerotia consisting of a mass of hyphae while the inner surfaces tend to be softer and lighter-colored mass of mycelia.
Chaga has been consumed for centuries, and its health benefits are well-documented. Chaga is prepared for consumption by first harvesting the protruberances from infected trees, followed by drying, and storage. There are four different ways in which dried chaga is commonly prepared for consumption.
One method is to prepare a tea by steeping chunks of dried chaga or ground chaga in hot water, and then removing the chaga from the brew prior to consumption.
A second method is to prepare hot-water extracts by adding boiling water to dried chaga chunks or chaga powder followed by steeping for periods of time between
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure generally relates to methods for extracting phytochemicals and components from lnonotus obliquus (chaga). In particular, the present disclosure pertains to methods that utilize sequential extractions with alcohol and with water.
BACKGROUND
Inonotus obliquus, commonly known as "chaga" or "chaga mushroom", is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It is a parasitic fungus that infects birch trees and other trees found in northern-temperate-climatic regions. Chaga-infected trees commonly have one or more dark-colored protuberances measuring about 10" to about 25" (about 25.5 cm to about 63.5 cm) or greater growing outward from the tree trunks. The chaga protuberances are dense masses of fungal mycelia wherein the outer surfaces are black, hard, dry, and cracked sclerotia consisting of a mass of hyphae while the inner surfaces tend to be softer and lighter-colored mass of mycelia.
Chaga has been consumed for centuries, and its health benefits are well-documented. Chaga is prepared for consumption by first harvesting the protruberances from infected trees, followed by drying, and storage. There are four different ways in which dried chaga is commonly prepared for consumption.
One method is to prepare a tea by steeping chunks of dried chaga or ground chaga in hot water, and then removing the chaga from the brew prior to consumption.
A second method is to prepare hot-water extracts by adding boiling water to dried chaga chunks or chaga powder followed by steeping for periods of time between
2-8h. The temperature of water may be maintained at elevated levels for the duration of the steeping period. It is common practice to dry the hot-water chaga extracts to produce powders that may be encapsulated.
A third method is to prepare tinctures by immersing and storing chunks of dried chaga or ground chaga in 80-proof alcohol (e.g., vodka) for between 4-8 weeks at ambient room temperatures (e.g., in a range of 15 C to 30 C). At the end of the 4-8 week alcohol extraction period, the chaga chunks or dried chaga powder are removed from the extract, which is then filtered to produce an alcohol-based chaga tincture.
The fourth method is to prepare alcohol-water extract tinctures by first preparing an alcohol-based chaga tincture as described for the third method.
The alcohol-extracted chaga chunks or chaga powder are placed into another container to which is added boiling or near-boiling water after which, the chaga chunks or powder are simmered for between 1-6 hr. The chaga chunks or powder are removed from the hot-water extract after which, the hot-water extract is then added to the alcohol-based tincture to produce an alcohol-water extract tincture.
The health benefits of chaga are largely associated with compounds that can be extracted under carefully selected conditions. It is well-known that polysaccharides are primary constituents of plant cell walls and it is considered that the hot-water chaga extracts are rich in polysaccharides such as 6-glucans that have beneficial health effects. However, polysaccharides are not soluble in alcohol. It is also considered that the chaga alcohol tinctures may contain in water-insoluble components such as phytosterols, lignans, melanins, betulin, and betulin acid-containing compounds.
However, the problem with the chaga products prepared with known processes is that the concentrations of chaga constituents vary considerably with the type of extraction procedure used, i.e., hot-water extraction, long-period alcohol extraction at ambient temperatures, and combinations of known hot-water extraction and alcohol extraction processes. Furthermore, it is known that there is considerable variability in chaga constituent concentrations between different batches using the same process in the same facility.
SUMMARY
The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for preparing dried extract powders from dried chaga. The method steps generally comprise preparing chaga nuggets having a lower-size limit of about nuggets have a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm). A
selected quantity of nuggets are placed into a reaction vessel after which, a volume of ethanol that is about 5 to 8 times the weight of the nuggets is added to the reaction vessel. A
suitable concentration for the ethanol is between about 70% to 95% (v/v), preferably about 80% (v/v). The reaction vessel is then pressurized to about 480 psi, heated to about 60 C to 130 C, and then maintained at those conditions for about 4-6 h.
The reaction vessel is then de-pressurized and cooled to ambient. The ethanol, now containing chaga alcohol-extracted phytocompounds, is recovered from the reaction vessel, and replaced with water. The reaction vessel is re-pressurized to 480 atm, heated to a temperature from the range of 90 C to 130 C C, and maintained under those conditions for about 4-8 h. The reaction vessel is then de-pressurized and cooled to ambient after which, the water containing hot-water extracted chaga phytocompounds is recovered. The ethanol containing alcohol-extracted chaga phytocompounds and the water containing hot-water extracted chaga phytocompounds are mixed together after which, the mixture is dried thereby producing a dual-extracted chaga powder. Alternatively, the ethanolic extract and the hot-water extract may be dried separately, and the powders produced therefrom may be mixed together to produce a dual-extracted chaga powders.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure relates to processes for reliably and reproducibly extracting phytochemical components from lnonotus obliquus commonly known as and referred to herein as, "chaga mushroom" and "chaga". Some aspects of this disclosure relate to chaga extracts produced with the processes disclosed herein.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compositions comprising the chaga extracts produced with the processes disclosed herein.
In the present disclosure, all terms referred to in singular form are meant to encompass plural forms of the same. Likewise, all terms referred to in plural form are meant to encompass singular forms of the same. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.
In the present disclosure, the term "about" refers to an approximately +/-10 %
variation from a given value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in any given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.
According to one embodiment, there are disclosed methods for consistently and reproducibly extracting phytochemicals from chaga. The methods are based on the use of dried chaga nugget feedstocks wherein the nuggets have a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm).
One embodiment of the methods disclosed herein comprises the steps of:
placing a selected weight of chaga nuggets into a reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of 80% ethanol that is eight times greater than the selected weight (i.e., 8:1 v/w) of chaga nuggets;
pressurizing the reaction vessel to 480 psi (3.3 MPa);
heating the pressurized reaction vessel to a temperature selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C and then maintaining the pressurized reaction vessel at the selected for about 4 h to about 8 h thereby producing an alcohol-based chaga extract;
de-pressurizing the reaction vessel and lowering the temperature therein to ambient;
recovering the alcohol-based chaga extract from the reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of water that is eight times greater than the selected weight (i.e., 8:1 v/w) of chaga nuggets;
re-pressurizing the reaction vessel to 480 psi (3.3 MPa);
heating the pressurized reaction vessel to a temperature selected from a range of about 70 C to about 130 C and then maintaining the pressurized reaction vessel at the selected temperature for about 4 h to about 8 h thereby producing an hot-water-based chaga extract;
de-pressurizing the reaction vessel and lowering the temperature therein to ambient;
recovering the hot water-based chaga extract from the reaction vessel;
mixing together the recovered alcohol-based chaga extract and hot water-based chaga extract; and drying the chaga extract mixture to produce a dual-extract chaga powder therefrom.
According to one aspect, the ethanol concentration used for the alcohol extraction step may be selected from a range of about 70% to 95%. According to another aspect, the volume of ethanol added to the chaga nuggets in the reaction vessel may be selected from the range of about four times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 4:1) to about eight times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 8:1).
According to another aspect, the reaction vessel may be pressurized to a pressure selected from a range of about 2.5 MPa to about 5.5 MPa (about 362 psi to about 800 psi) for the alcohol extraction step. According to another aspect, the temperature within the reaction vessel for the alcohol extraction step may be selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C. According to another aspect, the heated pressurized reaction chamber may be maintained at the selected pressure and temperature during the alcohol extraction step for a period of time selected between about 2 h to about 12 h.
It is suitable to process the recovered alcohol-based chaga extract to remove solids and/or particulates prior to mixing with the hot water-based chaga extract. It is also suitable to concentrate the alcohol-based chaga extract prior to mixing it with the hot water-based chaga extract, by removing by evaporation some of the alcohol through by heating for a selected period of time, for example, at a temperature selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C for about 2 h to about 4 h.
According to one aspect, the reaction vessel may be pressurized to a pressure selected from a range of about 2.5 MPa to about 5.5 MPa (about 362 psi to about 800 psi) for the hot water extraction step. According to another aspect, the volume of water added to the chaga nuggets in the reaction vessel may be selected from the range of about four times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 4:1) to about ten times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 10:1). According to another aspect, the temperature within the reaction vessel for the hot water extraction step may be selected from a range of about 70 C to about 130 C. According to another aspect the heated pressurized reaction chamber may be maintained at the selected pressure and temperature during the hot water extraction step for a period of time selected between about 4 h to about 12 h. It is suitable to process the recovered hot water-based chaga extract to remove solids and/or particulates prior to mixing with the alcohol-based chaga extract. It is also suitable to concentrate the hot water-based chaga extract prior to mixing it with the alcohol-based chaga extract, by removing by evaporation some of the water through by gentle heating for a selected period of time, for example, at a temperature selected from a range of about 90 C to about 130 C for about 2 h to about 6 h.
Although it is preferable to use chaga nuggets having a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm), it is within the scope of the present disclosure to use smaller fragments of chaga and/or to use larger chunks of chaga.
Although it is preferable to use ethanol for the alcohol-extraction step, it is within the scope of the present disclosure to use other alcohols, for example, such as methanol, propanol, and isopropanol.
The mixtures of alcohol-based and hot water-based chaga extracts (also referred to herein as "dual-extracted chaga" may be dried into powders using conventional drying equipment, systems, and processes that are commonly used for drying plant extracts. Examples of suitable processes include spray drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying using vacuum belt driers or alternatively vacuum paddle driers, and the like. If some drying processes produce flakes or granules or agglomerations of dried dual-extracted chaga, it is suitable to process such dried dual-extracted chaga by milling or grinding to produce a dual-extracted chaga powder.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the alcohol-based extract and the hot water-based extract may be dried separately to produce an alcohol-based extract powder and a hot water-based extract powder, which may then be mixed together to product the dual-extracted chaga powder.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be stored in light-proof containers or alternatively, in dark-coloured glass containers.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the chaga-based powder may be passed through a mesh screen after the spray-drying step such that the chaga-based powder has an upper limit with respect to particle size. In particular, the chaga-based powder may be passed through an 80-mesh screen such that the chaga-based powder has an upper limit with respect to particle size of about 224 microns.
After the dual-extracted powder has been dried, it i In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be encapsulated within a capsule. According to some aspects, the capsules may comprise vegan components that were not derived from animals.
Encapsulating methods/techniques are known to those skilled in the art and will not be set out in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be combined with an excipient and formed into a tablet. The excipient may be, by way of non-limiting example, lactose, spray-dried lactose, micro-crystalline cellulose, sorbitol, dibasic calcium phosphate dehydrate, calcium sulphate dehydrate, gelatin, glucose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propylmethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, starch, poly vinyl pyrrolidone, sodium alginate, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycollate, or combinations thereof.
Tablet-forming methods/techniques are known to those skilled in the art and will not be set out in detail herein.
Examples Example 1: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by a hot water-extraction process 50 kg of chaga nuggets were added to container after which, they were covered with of water. The container was then heated until the water began boiling and then maintained at the boiling temperature (i.e., about 110 for about 4 hours.
The container was then cooled to ambient temperature. The hot water extract was separated from the chaga nuggets and then dried into a powder in a hot-air oven for about 9 h.
Example 2: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by a pressurized low-polarity water (PLPW) extraction process A laboratory-scale pressurized low-polarity water (PLPW) system and process similar to the PLPW system and process disclosed in US Patent No. 7,943,190 were used to extract phytochemicals from pulverized chaga nuggets. 4 g of pulverized chaga were placed into the extraction column of the PLPW system, and then extracted with subcritical water for about 2 h with a flow rate of about 0.5 mL/min at about 130 C for about 2 h (producing 60 mL of extract). The PLPW extract was freeze-dried by lyophilisation.
Example 3: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by an example of an alcohol-water dual-extraction process 400 kg of chaga nuggets were added to a first extraction vessel after which, 100 L of 80% ethanol were added (4:1 w/v). The first extraction vessel was then pressurized to 4.0 mPa, heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for about 5 hours. Then, first extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were cool to ambient temperature. The alcohol extract was separated from alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration. The alcohol extract was concentrated into a viscous solution by heating at a temperature of about 100 C.
The alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets were transferred into a second extraction vessel, to which was added 100 L of water (4:1 w/v). The second reaction vessel was pressurized to 4.0 mPa and heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 5 hours. Then, the second extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were allowed to cool. The hot water extract was separated from the water-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration. The hot-water extract was concentrated into a viscous solution by heating at a temperature of about 100 C.
The alcohol extract and the water extract were then mixed together to produce a dual-extract chaga mixture that was then dried into a powder was using a spray dryer.
Example 4: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by an example of a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process 50 kg of chaga nuggets were added to a first extraction vessel after which, L of 80% ethanol were added (1:8 w/v). The first extraction vessel was then pressurized to 4.0 mPa, heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 5 hours.
Then, first extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were cool to ambient temperature. The alcohol extract was separated from alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration.
The alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets were transferred into a second extraction vessel, to which was added 100 L of water (1:8 w/v). The second reaction vessel was pressurized to 4.0 mPa and heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 4 hours. Then, the second extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were allowed to cool. The hot water extract was separated from the water-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration.
The alcohol extract and the water extract were then combined in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio to produce a dual-extract chaga mixture that was then, dried into a powder was using a spray dryer.
Example 5: HPLC Analysis of raw chaga and chaga extract powders Samples of dry chaga nuggets, the hot water chaga extract powder prepared in Example 1, and the dual-extract chaga powder produced in Example 2 were submitted to MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES -Silliker Canada Co. for analysis (MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES is a registered trademark of Merieux Nutrisciences Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA) for polysaccharide determination by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The mineral analyte components were detected and measured following the EPA3050/6020 USP730 method. The phytosterol, 6-glucan, and polysaccharide components were detected and measured following MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES internal HPLC H087 method. The analyte data for the dry chaga nuggets are shown in Table 1. The analyte data for the dual-extract chaga powder are shown in Table 2. The analyte data for dry chaga nuggets =
are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Analyte content of dry raw chaga nuggets An alyte Content Aluminum 4.5 ppm (w/w) Antimony <0.01 ppm (w/w) Arsenic <0.01 ppm (w/w) Barium 20.0 ppm (w/w) Beryllium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Bismuth <0.02 ppm (w/w) Boron 4.3 ppm (w/w) Cadmium 0.58 ppm (w/w) Calcium 418 ppm (w/w) Chromium 0.12 ppm (w/w) Cobalt 0.06 ppm (w/w) Copper 2.24 ppm (w/w) Iron 7.1 ppm (w/w) Lead 1.63 ppm (w/w) Lithium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Magnesium 767 ppm (w/w) Manganese 248 ppm (w/w) Mercury 0.011 ppm (w/w) Molybdenum <0.01 ppm (w/w) Nickel 0.11 ppm (w/w) Phosphorus 230 ppm (w/w) Potassium 41,800 ppm (w/w) Selenium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Silver <0.02 ppm (w/w) Sodium 14.4 ppm (w/w) Strontium 2.97 ppm (w/w) Thallium 0.06 ppm (w/w) Thorium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Tin 0.01 ppm (w/w) Titanium 0.14 ppm (w/w) Uranium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Vanadium 3.91 ppm (w/w) Zinc 49.1 ppm (w/w) Zirconium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Polyphenols 2.31% (w/w) Polysaccharides 8.84% (w/w) Analysis of the freeze-dried PLPW chaga extract produced in Example 2, are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Analyte content of PLPW-extracted chaga powder Analyte Content Polyphenols 13.4%
B-glucan 4%
Polysaccharides 5.1%
The analyte content and concentrations in the alcohol-water dual-extracted chaga powder produced in Example 3, are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Analyte content of an alcohol-water dual-extracted chaga powder Analyte Content Phytosterol profile b-sitostanol 0%
b-sitosterol 0%
Campestanol 0%
Campesterol 0.01%
Other sterols 0.21%
Total "stanols" 0%
Total "sterols" 0.23%
Polysaccharides 6.0%
The analyte content and concentrations in the dual-extract chaga powder produced with a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Analyte content of dual-extract chaga powder produced with a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process disclosed herein.
Analyte Content Aluminum 4.1 ppm (w/w) Antimony <0.01 ppm (w/w) Arsenic <0.02 ppm (w/w) Barium 5.82 ppm (w/w) Beryllium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Bismuth <0.02 ppm (w/w) Boron 3.8 ppm (w/w) Cadmium 0.088 ppm (w/w) Calcium 42.1 ppm (w/w) Chromium 10.5 ppm (w/w) Cobalt 0.1 ppm (w/w) Copper 2.67 ppm (w/w) Iron 94.9 ppm (w/w) Lead 0.18 ppm (w/w) Lithium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Magnesium 580 ppm (w/w) Manganese 51.8 ppm (w/w) Mercury 0.005 ppm (w/w) Molybdenum 0.05 ppm (w/w) Nickel 4.42 ppm (w/w) Phosphorus 182 ppm (w/w) Potassium 28,500 ppm (w/w) Selenium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Silver <0.02 ppm (w/w) Sodium 62.3 ppm (w/w) Strontium 0.43 ppm (w/w) Thallium 0.02 ppm (w/w) Thorium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Tin 0.01 ppm (w/w) Titanium 0.15 ppm (w/w) Uranium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Vanadium 0.16 ppm (w/w) Zinc 41.6 ppm (w/w) Zirconium <0.1 ppm (w/w) B-g I ucans 15.5% (w/w) Polysaccharides 50.2% (w/w) Comparison of the data in Tables 2,3, and 4 demonstrate that the dual-extract chaga powder produced with an example of the refined and optimized method disclosed herein wherein chaga nuggets were extracted with 80% ethanol (1:8 w/v) for 6hrs followed by extraction with hot water (1:8 w/v) for 6 hrs, contained more than 8 times the concentration of polysaccharides (i.e., 50% polysaccharides w/w) in comparison to the polysaccharide content of the powder produced from: (i) a 6-h hot-water extraction of chaga nuggets (i.e., 6% w/w), and (ii) a 6-h alcohol-water dual extraction wherein the chaga/ethanol and chaga/water ratios were 4:1.
Additionally, the dual-extract chaga powder produced with the refined and optimized alcohol-water extraction process contained p-glucans (i.e., 15% w/w), which were not detected in the hot-water extract chaga powder.
The data disclosed herein show that: (i) a 9-h extraction of chaga nuggets with pressurized hot water produced 5% polysaccharides in dried chaga extract powder (w/w), and (ii) a 6-h extraction of chaga nuggets with pressurized and heated alcohol followed by a 6-h extraction with pressurized hot water produced 50%
polysaccharides in dried chaga dual-extract powder (w/w), it is obvious that reducing the extraction time period with pressurized heated alcohol will reduce the amounts of polysaccharides that can subsequently be extracted from the alcohol-extracted nuggets with hot water. For example, a 3-h extraction with pressurized heated alcohol followed by an 8-9-h extraction with pressurized and heated water will result in a dual-extracted chaga powder having a polysaccharide content of 20% (w/w) whereas a h extraction with pressurized heated alcohol followed by an 8-9-h extraction with pressurized and heated water will result in a dual-extracted chaga powder having a polysaccharide content of 35% (w/w).
Accordingly, the dual-extraction processes disclosed herein will provide significantly greater amounts in dual-extract chaga powders than is possible using either hot-water extraction of dry chaga or alcohol extraction of chaga, for example dual-extract chaga powders having a polysaccharide content of at least 20%
(w/w) or greater.
Many obvious variations of the embodiments set out herein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure.
Such obvious variations are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.
A third method is to prepare tinctures by immersing and storing chunks of dried chaga or ground chaga in 80-proof alcohol (e.g., vodka) for between 4-8 weeks at ambient room temperatures (e.g., in a range of 15 C to 30 C). At the end of the 4-8 week alcohol extraction period, the chaga chunks or dried chaga powder are removed from the extract, which is then filtered to produce an alcohol-based chaga tincture.
The fourth method is to prepare alcohol-water extract tinctures by first preparing an alcohol-based chaga tincture as described for the third method.
The alcohol-extracted chaga chunks or chaga powder are placed into another container to which is added boiling or near-boiling water after which, the chaga chunks or powder are simmered for between 1-6 hr. The chaga chunks or powder are removed from the hot-water extract after which, the hot-water extract is then added to the alcohol-based tincture to produce an alcohol-water extract tincture.
The health benefits of chaga are largely associated with compounds that can be extracted under carefully selected conditions. It is well-known that polysaccharides are primary constituents of plant cell walls and it is considered that the hot-water chaga extracts are rich in polysaccharides such as 6-glucans that have beneficial health effects. However, polysaccharides are not soluble in alcohol. It is also considered that the chaga alcohol tinctures may contain in water-insoluble components such as phytosterols, lignans, melanins, betulin, and betulin acid-containing compounds.
However, the problem with the chaga products prepared with known processes is that the concentrations of chaga constituents vary considerably with the type of extraction procedure used, i.e., hot-water extraction, long-period alcohol extraction at ambient temperatures, and combinations of known hot-water extraction and alcohol extraction processes. Furthermore, it is known that there is considerable variability in chaga constituent concentrations between different batches using the same process in the same facility.
SUMMARY
The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods for preparing dried extract powders from dried chaga. The method steps generally comprise preparing chaga nuggets having a lower-size limit of about nuggets have a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm). A
selected quantity of nuggets are placed into a reaction vessel after which, a volume of ethanol that is about 5 to 8 times the weight of the nuggets is added to the reaction vessel. A
suitable concentration for the ethanol is between about 70% to 95% (v/v), preferably about 80% (v/v). The reaction vessel is then pressurized to about 480 psi, heated to about 60 C to 130 C, and then maintained at those conditions for about 4-6 h.
The reaction vessel is then de-pressurized and cooled to ambient. The ethanol, now containing chaga alcohol-extracted phytocompounds, is recovered from the reaction vessel, and replaced with water. The reaction vessel is re-pressurized to 480 atm, heated to a temperature from the range of 90 C to 130 C C, and maintained under those conditions for about 4-8 h. The reaction vessel is then de-pressurized and cooled to ambient after which, the water containing hot-water extracted chaga phytocompounds is recovered. The ethanol containing alcohol-extracted chaga phytocompounds and the water containing hot-water extracted chaga phytocompounds are mixed together after which, the mixture is dried thereby producing a dual-extracted chaga powder. Alternatively, the ethanolic extract and the hot-water extract may be dried separately, and the powders produced therefrom may be mixed together to produce a dual-extracted chaga powders.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure relates to processes for reliably and reproducibly extracting phytochemical components from lnonotus obliquus commonly known as and referred to herein as, "chaga mushroom" and "chaga". Some aspects of this disclosure relate to chaga extracts produced with the processes disclosed herein.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compositions comprising the chaga extracts produced with the processes disclosed herein.
In the present disclosure, all terms referred to in singular form are meant to encompass plural forms of the same. Likewise, all terms referred to in plural form are meant to encompass singular forms of the same. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.
In the present disclosure, the term "about" refers to an approximately +/-10 %
variation from a given value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in any given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.
According to one embodiment, there are disclosed methods for consistently and reproducibly extracting phytochemicals from chaga. The methods are based on the use of dried chaga nugget feedstocks wherein the nuggets have a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm).
One embodiment of the methods disclosed herein comprises the steps of:
placing a selected weight of chaga nuggets into a reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of 80% ethanol that is eight times greater than the selected weight (i.e., 8:1 v/w) of chaga nuggets;
pressurizing the reaction vessel to 480 psi (3.3 MPa);
heating the pressurized reaction vessel to a temperature selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C and then maintaining the pressurized reaction vessel at the selected for about 4 h to about 8 h thereby producing an alcohol-based chaga extract;
de-pressurizing the reaction vessel and lowering the temperature therein to ambient;
recovering the alcohol-based chaga extract from the reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of water that is eight times greater than the selected weight (i.e., 8:1 v/w) of chaga nuggets;
re-pressurizing the reaction vessel to 480 psi (3.3 MPa);
heating the pressurized reaction vessel to a temperature selected from a range of about 70 C to about 130 C and then maintaining the pressurized reaction vessel at the selected temperature for about 4 h to about 8 h thereby producing an hot-water-based chaga extract;
de-pressurizing the reaction vessel and lowering the temperature therein to ambient;
recovering the hot water-based chaga extract from the reaction vessel;
mixing together the recovered alcohol-based chaga extract and hot water-based chaga extract; and drying the chaga extract mixture to produce a dual-extract chaga powder therefrom.
According to one aspect, the ethanol concentration used for the alcohol extraction step may be selected from a range of about 70% to 95%. According to another aspect, the volume of ethanol added to the chaga nuggets in the reaction vessel may be selected from the range of about four times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 4:1) to about eight times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 8:1).
According to another aspect, the reaction vessel may be pressurized to a pressure selected from a range of about 2.5 MPa to about 5.5 MPa (about 362 psi to about 800 psi) for the alcohol extraction step. According to another aspect, the temperature within the reaction vessel for the alcohol extraction step may be selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C. According to another aspect, the heated pressurized reaction chamber may be maintained at the selected pressure and temperature during the alcohol extraction step for a period of time selected between about 2 h to about 12 h.
It is suitable to process the recovered alcohol-based chaga extract to remove solids and/or particulates prior to mixing with the hot water-based chaga extract. It is also suitable to concentrate the alcohol-based chaga extract prior to mixing it with the hot water-based chaga extract, by removing by evaporation some of the alcohol through by heating for a selected period of time, for example, at a temperature selected from a range of about 60 C to about 130 C for about 2 h to about 4 h.
According to one aspect, the reaction vessel may be pressurized to a pressure selected from a range of about 2.5 MPa to about 5.5 MPa (about 362 psi to about 800 psi) for the hot water extraction step. According to another aspect, the volume of water added to the chaga nuggets in the reaction vessel may be selected from the range of about four times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 4:1) to about ten times the weight of the nuggets (i.e., 10:1). According to another aspect, the temperature within the reaction vessel for the hot water extraction step may be selected from a range of about 70 C to about 130 C. According to another aspect the heated pressurized reaction chamber may be maintained at the selected pressure and temperature during the hot water extraction step for a period of time selected between about 4 h to about 12 h. It is suitable to process the recovered hot water-based chaga extract to remove solids and/or particulates prior to mixing with the alcohol-based chaga extract. It is also suitable to concentrate the hot water-based chaga extract prior to mixing it with the alcohol-based chaga extract, by removing by evaporation some of the water through by gentle heating for a selected period of time, for example, at a temperature selected from a range of about 90 C to about 130 C for about 2 h to about 6 h.
Although it is preferable to use chaga nuggets having a lower-size limit of about 0.5" (1.2 cm) and an upper-size limit of about 1.5" (3.8 cm), it is within the scope of the present disclosure to use smaller fragments of chaga and/or to use larger chunks of chaga.
Although it is preferable to use ethanol for the alcohol-extraction step, it is within the scope of the present disclosure to use other alcohols, for example, such as methanol, propanol, and isopropanol.
The mixtures of alcohol-based and hot water-based chaga extracts (also referred to herein as "dual-extracted chaga" may be dried into powders using conventional drying equipment, systems, and processes that are commonly used for drying plant extracts. Examples of suitable processes include spray drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying using vacuum belt driers or alternatively vacuum paddle driers, and the like. If some drying processes produce flakes or granules or agglomerations of dried dual-extracted chaga, it is suitable to process such dried dual-extracted chaga by milling or grinding to produce a dual-extracted chaga powder.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the alcohol-based extract and the hot water-based extract may be dried separately to produce an alcohol-based extract powder and a hot water-based extract powder, which may then be mixed together to product the dual-extracted chaga powder.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be stored in light-proof containers or alternatively, in dark-coloured glass containers.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the chaga-based powder may be passed through a mesh screen after the spray-drying step such that the chaga-based powder has an upper limit with respect to particle size. In particular, the chaga-based powder may be passed through an 80-mesh screen such that the chaga-based powder has an upper limit with respect to particle size of about 224 microns.
After the dual-extracted powder has been dried, it i In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be encapsulated within a capsule. According to some aspects, the capsules may comprise vegan components that were not derived from animals.
Encapsulating methods/techniques are known to those skilled in the art and will not be set out in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dual-extracted chaga powder may be combined with an excipient and formed into a tablet. The excipient may be, by way of non-limiting example, lactose, spray-dried lactose, micro-crystalline cellulose, sorbitol, dibasic calcium phosphate dehydrate, calcium sulphate dehydrate, gelatin, glucose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propylmethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, starch, poly vinyl pyrrolidone, sodium alginate, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycollate, or combinations thereof.
Tablet-forming methods/techniques are known to those skilled in the art and will not be set out in detail herein.
Examples Example 1: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by a hot water-extraction process 50 kg of chaga nuggets were added to container after which, they were covered with of water. The container was then heated until the water began boiling and then maintained at the boiling temperature (i.e., about 110 for about 4 hours.
The container was then cooled to ambient temperature. The hot water extract was separated from the chaga nuggets and then dried into a powder in a hot-air oven for about 9 h.
Example 2: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by a pressurized low-polarity water (PLPW) extraction process A laboratory-scale pressurized low-polarity water (PLPW) system and process similar to the PLPW system and process disclosed in US Patent No. 7,943,190 were used to extract phytochemicals from pulverized chaga nuggets. 4 g of pulverized chaga were placed into the extraction column of the PLPW system, and then extracted with subcritical water for about 2 h with a flow rate of about 0.5 mL/min at about 130 C for about 2 h (producing 60 mL of extract). The PLPW extract was freeze-dried by lyophilisation.
Example 3: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by an example of an alcohol-water dual-extraction process 400 kg of chaga nuggets were added to a first extraction vessel after which, 100 L of 80% ethanol were added (4:1 w/v). The first extraction vessel was then pressurized to 4.0 mPa, heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for about 5 hours. Then, first extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were cool to ambient temperature. The alcohol extract was separated from alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration. The alcohol extract was concentrated into a viscous solution by heating at a temperature of about 100 C.
The alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets were transferred into a second extraction vessel, to which was added 100 L of water (4:1 w/v). The second reaction vessel was pressurized to 4.0 mPa and heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 5 hours. Then, the second extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were allowed to cool. The hot water extract was separated from the water-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration. The hot-water extract was concentrated into a viscous solution by heating at a temperature of about 100 C.
The alcohol extract and the water extract were then mixed together to produce a dual-extract chaga mixture that was then dried into a powder was using a spray dryer.
Example 4: Preparation of a chaga extract powder by an example of a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process 50 kg of chaga nuggets were added to a first extraction vessel after which, L of 80% ethanol were added (1:8 w/v). The first extraction vessel was then pressurized to 4.0 mPa, heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 5 hours.
Then, first extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were cool to ambient temperature. The alcohol extract was separated from alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration.
The alcohol-extracted chaga nuggets were transferred into a second extraction vessel, to which was added 100 L of water (1:8 w/v). The second reaction vessel was pressurized to 4.0 mPa and heated to 100 C, and then maintained at 100 C for 4 hours. Then, the second extraction vessel was depressurized and the contents were allowed to cool. The hot water extract was separated from the water-extracted chaga nuggets by filtration.
The alcohol extract and the water extract were then combined in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio to produce a dual-extract chaga mixture that was then, dried into a powder was using a spray dryer.
Example 5: HPLC Analysis of raw chaga and chaga extract powders Samples of dry chaga nuggets, the hot water chaga extract powder prepared in Example 1, and the dual-extract chaga powder produced in Example 2 were submitted to MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES -Silliker Canada Co. for analysis (MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES is a registered trademark of Merieux Nutrisciences Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA) for polysaccharide determination by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The mineral analyte components were detected and measured following the EPA3050/6020 USP730 method. The phytosterol, 6-glucan, and polysaccharide components were detected and measured following MERIEUX NUTRISCIENCES internal HPLC H087 method. The analyte data for the dry chaga nuggets are shown in Table 1. The analyte data for the dual-extract chaga powder are shown in Table 2. The analyte data for dry chaga nuggets =
are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Analyte content of dry raw chaga nuggets An alyte Content Aluminum 4.5 ppm (w/w) Antimony <0.01 ppm (w/w) Arsenic <0.01 ppm (w/w) Barium 20.0 ppm (w/w) Beryllium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Bismuth <0.02 ppm (w/w) Boron 4.3 ppm (w/w) Cadmium 0.58 ppm (w/w) Calcium 418 ppm (w/w) Chromium 0.12 ppm (w/w) Cobalt 0.06 ppm (w/w) Copper 2.24 ppm (w/w) Iron 7.1 ppm (w/w) Lead 1.63 ppm (w/w) Lithium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Magnesium 767 ppm (w/w) Manganese 248 ppm (w/w) Mercury 0.011 ppm (w/w) Molybdenum <0.01 ppm (w/w) Nickel 0.11 ppm (w/w) Phosphorus 230 ppm (w/w) Potassium 41,800 ppm (w/w) Selenium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Silver <0.02 ppm (w/w) Sodium 14.4 ppm (w/w) Strontium 2.97 ppm (w/w) Thallium 0.06 ppm (w/w) Thorium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Tin 0.01 ppm (w/w) Titanium 0.14 ppm (w/w) Uranium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Vanadium 3.91 ppm (w/w) Zinc 49.1 ppm (w/w) Zirconium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Polyphenols 2.31% (w/w) Polysaccharides 8.84% (w/w) Analysis of the freeze-dried PLPW chaga extract produced in Example 2, are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Analyte content of PLPW-extracted chaga powder Analyte Content Polyphenols 13.4%
B-glucan 4%
Polysaccharides 5.1%
The analyte content and concentrations in the alcohol-water dual-extracted chaga powder produced in Example 3, are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Analyte content of an alcohol-water dual-extracted chaga powder Analyte Content Phytosterol profile b-sitostanol 0%
b-sitosterol 0%
Campestanol 0%
Campesterol 0.01%
Other sterols 0.21%
Total "stanols" 0%
Total "sterols" 0.23%
Polysaccharides 6.0%
The analyte content and concentrations in the dual-extract chaga powder produced with a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Analyte content of dual-extract chaga powder produced with a refined and optimized alcohol-water dual-extraction process disclosed herein.
Analyte Content Aluminum 4.1 ppm (w/w) Antimony <0.01 ppm (w/w) Arsenic <0.02 ppm (w/w) Barium 5.82 ppm (w/w) Beryllium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Bismuth <0.02 ppm (w/w) Boron 3.8 ppm (w/w) Cadmium 0.088 ppm (w/w) Calcium 42.1 ppm (w/w) Chromium 10.5 ppm (w/w) Cobalt 0.1 ppm (w/w) Copper 2.67 ppm (w/w) Iron 94.9 ppm (w/w) Lead 0.18 ppm (w/w) Lithium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Magnesium 580 ppm (w/w) Manganese 51.8 ppm (w/w) Mercury 0.005 ppm (w/w) Molybdenum 0.05 ppm (w/w) Nickel 4.42 ppm (w/w) Phosphorus 182 ppm (w/w) Potassium 28,500 ppm (w/w) Selenium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Silver <0.02 ppm (w/w) Sodium 62.3 ppm (w/w) Strontium 0.43 ppm (w/w) Thallium 0.02 ppm (w/w) Thorium <0.1 ppm (w/w) Tin 0.01 ppm (w/w) Titanium 0.15 ppm (w/w) Uranium <0.01 ppm (w/w) Vanadium 0.16 ppm (w/w) Zinc 41.6 ppm (w/w) Zirconium <0.1 ppm (w/w) B-g I ucans 15.5% (w/w) Polysaccharides 50.2% (w/w) Comparison of the data in Tables 2,3, and 4 demonstrate that the dual-extract chaga powder produced with an example of the refined and optimized method disclosed herein wherein chaga nuggets were extracted with 80% ethanol (1:8 w/v) for 6hrs followed by extraction with hot water (1:8 w/v) for 6 hrs, contained more than 8 times the concentration of polysaccharides (i.e., 50% polysaccharides w/w) in comparison to the polysaccharide content of the powder produced from: (i) a 6-h hot-water extraction of chaga nuggets (i.e., 6% w/w), and (ii) a 6-h alcohol-water dual extraction wherein the chaga/ethanol and chaga/water ratios were 4:1.
Additionally, the dual-extract chaga powder produced with the refined and optimized alcohol-water extraction process contained p-glucans (i.e., 15% w/w), which were not detected in the hot-water extract chaga powder.
The data disclosed herein show that: (i) a 9-h extraction of chaga nuggets with pressurized hot water produced 5% polysaccharides in dried chaga extract powder (w/w), and (ii) a 6-h extraction of chaga nuggets with pressurized and heated alcohol followed by a 6-h extraction with pressurized hot water produced 50%
polysaccharides in dried chaga dual-extract powder (w/w), it is obvious that reducing the extraction time period with pressurized heated alcohol will reduce the amounts of polysaccharides that can subsequently be extracted from the alcohol-extracted nuggets with hot water. For example, a 3-h extraction with pressurized heated alcohol followed by an 8-9-h extraction with pressurized and heated water will result in a dual-extracted chaga powder having a polysaccharide content of 20% (w/w) whereas a h extraction with pressurized heated alcohol followed by an 8-9-h extraction with pressurized and heated water will result in a dual-extracted chaga powder having a polysaccharide content of 35% (w/w).
Accordingly, the dual-extraction processes disclosed herein will provide significantly greater amounts in dual-extract chaga powders than is possible using either hot-water extraction of dry chaga or alcohol extraction of chaga, for example dual-extract chaga powders having a polysaccharide content of at least 20%
(w/w) or greater.
Many obvious variations of the embodiments set out herein will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure.
Such obvious variations are within the full intended scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A method for preparing a dried dual-extracted chaga powder from inonotus obliquus nuggets, the method comprising the steps of:
placing a selected quantity of inonotus obliquus nuggets into a reaction vessel, said nuggets having a lower-size limit of 1.2 cm and an upper-size limit of 3.8 cm;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of an alcohol that is from a range of times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w) to 8 times the quantity of the nuggets (8:1 v/w), wherein a concentration of the alcohol is from a range of 70% to 95%
(v/v);
pressurizing the reaction vessel to a pressure from a range of 2.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa;
heating the pressurized vessel to a temperature from a range of 60°C to 130°C
and then maintaining the pressurized vessel at said temperature for at least 2 h;
de-pressurizing and cooling the reaction vessel to an ambient pressure and an ambient temperature;
recovering from the reaction vessel, the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract from the reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of water that is from a range of 5 times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w) to 8 times the quantity of the nuggets (8:1 v/w;
re-pressurizing the reaction vessel to a pressure from a range of 2.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa;
re-heating the pressurized vessel to a temperature from a range of 60°C
to 130°C and then maintaining the pressurized vessel at said temperature for at least 4 h;
de-pressurizing and cooling the reaction vessel to an ambient pressure and an ambient temperature;
recovering from the reaction vessel, the water containing therein a hot-water extract;
mixing together the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract and the water containing therein a hot-water extract; and drying the mixture thereby producing the dual-extracted chaga powder.
placing a selected quantity of inonotus obliquus nuggets into a reaction vessel, said nuggets having a lower-size limit of 1.2 cm and an upper-size limit of 3.8 cm;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of an alcohol that is from a range of times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w) to 8 times the quantity of the nuggets (8:1 v/w), wherein a concentration of the alcohol is from a range of 70% to 95%
(v/v);
pressurizing the reaction vessel to a pressure from a range of 2.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa;
heating the pressurized vessel to a temperature from a range of 60°C to 130°C
and then maintaining the pressurized vessel at said temperature for at least 2 h;
de-pressurizing and cooling the reaction vessel to an ambient pressure and an ambient temperature;
recovering from the reaction vessel, the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract from the reaction vessel;
adding to the reaction vessel, a volume of water that is from a range of 5 times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w) to 8 times the quantity of the nuggets (8:1 v/w;
re-pressurizing the reaction vessel to a pressure from a range of 2.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa;
re-heating the pressurized vessel to a temperature from a range of 60°C
to 130°C and then maintaining the pressurized vessel at said temperature for at least 4 h;
de-pressurizing and cooling the reaction vessel to an ambient pressure and an ambient temperature;
recovering from the reaction vessel, the water containing therein a hot-water extract;
mixing together the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract and the water containing therein a hot-water extract; and drying the mixture thereby producing the dual-extracted chaga powder.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the alcohol is 5 times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w), the concentration of the alcohol is 80%, the reaction chamber containing therein the nuggets and the alcohol is pressurized to 3.3 MPa, heated to 80°C and then maintained at 80°C for about 4 h;
and wherein the volume of the water is 5 times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w), the reaction chamber containing therein the nuggets and the water is pressurized to 3.3 MPa, heated to 90°C and then maintained at 90°C for about 4 h.
and wherein the volume of the water is 5 times the quantity of the nuggets (5:1 v/w), the reaction chamber containing therein the nuggets and the water is pressurized to 3.3 MPa, heated to 90°C and then maintained at 90°C for about 4 h.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the nuggets additionally contain fragments of inonotus obliquus having a size less than 1.2 cm.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the nuggets additionally contain chunks of inonotus obliquus having a size greater than 3.8 cm.
5. A method according to claim 1, the alcohol is one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract and the water containing therein a hot-water extract are dried separately thereby producing an alcohol extract powder and a hot-water extract powder whereafter, the alcohol extract powder and a hot-water extract powder are mixed together to produce the dual-extracted chaga powder.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 6, additionally comprising a step of concentrating the alcohol containing therein an alcohol extract prior to mixing or drying.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 6, additionally comprising a step of concentrating the hot-water extract prior to mixing or drying.
9. A method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the dual-extracted chaga powder has a polysaccharides content of at least 20% (w/w).
10. A method according to claim 1 or 6, additionally comprising a step of encapsulating the dual-extracted chaga powder.
11. A method according to claim 1 or 6, additionally comprising a step of mixing the dual-extracted chaga powder together with an excipient.
12. A method according to claim 11, additionally comprising a step of encapsulating the dual-extracted chaga powder/excipient mixture.
13. A method according to claim 11, additionally comprising a step of forming the dual-extracted chaga powder/excipient mixture into a tablet.
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| CA3003967A CA3003967A1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | Dual-extraction method for inonotus obliquus |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109288799A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 福州芝茸珍品生物科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method for not adding the hypoglycemic plant extracts tablet of auxiliary material |
| WO2021159213A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | Neonmind Biosciences Inc. | Method for producing an extract of mushroom and mushroom extract made therefrom |
-
2018
- 2018-05-04 CA CA3003967A patent/CA3003967A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109288799A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-02-01 | 福州芝茸珍品生物科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method for not adding the hypoglycemic plant extracts tablet of auxiliary material |
| WO2021159213A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | Neonmind Biosciences Inc. | Method for producing an extract of mushroom and mushroom extract made therefrom |
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