CA3070594A1 - Method for processing whole hemp stalks to form dry hemp product comprising cannabinoid oil - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for processing leaves or flower buds of hemp plants that have cannabinoid oil therein comprises, after the leaves or the flower buds are separated from stalks of hemp plants, forced-air drying the leaves or the flower buds, at a first drying station, to a moisture content of no greater than about 10% by applying air heated to a temperature of no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit such that the leaves or the flower buds retain the cannabinoid oil therein. The method further includes, at a second drying station, further drying the leaves or the flower buds so as to become cured, wherein the leaves or flower buds have a prescribed moisture content below 5%
at which the leaves or the flower buds cannot decompose while still retaining the cannabinoid oil therein, by circulating air through the leaves or the flower buds.

Description

METHOD FOR PROCESSING LEAVES OR FLOWER BUDS OF HEMP
PLANTS HAVING CANNABINOID OIL THEREIN
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to preparing leaves and/or flower buds of hemp plants for storage in an economical and efficient manner in which the leaves and/or flower buds substantially retain cannabinoid oil therein.
BACKGROUND
Use of hemp in consumer products and the like has increased in recent years. Hemp is grown in Canada, where hemp stalks covered 75,000 acres of agricultural land in 2014. Fibers and hurd from hemp plants may be used to a variety of items such as building materials, insulation and livestock bedding. Oils from hemp plants are increasingly sought after for their health benefits and for therapeutic purposes.
In addition to the stalks of the hemp plants which contain the fibers and the hurd, leaves and/or flower buds of the hemp plants are useful components of the plants as they are relatively rich in cannabinoid oil. After harvesting leaves or flower buds of the hemp plants, it is known to dry the same prior to storage, so as to avoid spoilage. If the leaves and/or flower buds are not dried to a prescribed threshold moisture content prior to storage, they will decay or decompose and may become warm providing an environment conducive to mold growth. The biomass therefore inevitably spoils.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a method for processing leaves or flower buds of hemp plants, the leaves or flower buds having cannabinoid oil therein, the method comprising:

2 after the leaves or the flower buds are separated from stalks of hemp plants, forced-air drying the leaves or the flower buds, at a first drying station, to a moisture content of no greater than about 10% by applying air heated to a temperature of no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit such that the leaves or the flower buds retain the cannabinoid oil therein; and at a second drying station, further drying the leaves or the flower buds so as to become cured, wherein the leaves or flower buds have a prescribed moisture content below 5% at which the leaves or the flower buds cannot decompose while still retaining the cannabinoid oil therein, by circulating air through the leaves or the flower buds.
Generally speaking, at the reduced moisture content of the leaves or the flower buds after the first drying station but before the second drying station, the leaves or the flower buds are decomposable. That is, the moisture content of the leaves/flower buds is sufficient to support decay thereof.
Generally, at the first drying station the leaves or the flower buds are dried from an initial moisture content of about 15% or higher. Typically, the initial moisture content of the leaves or the flower buds is between about 30% to about 80%.
Generally, forced-air drying at the first drying station is performed for about 24 hours or less, and typically for a duration of no greater than about 4 hours.
Preferably, forced-air drying at the first drying station is performed until the moisture content of the leaves or the flower buds is between about 5% to about 8%.
Generally, further drying at the second drying station is performed for one or more days, and typically for a duration of about 4 to 5 days.
Preferably, further drying at the second drying station is performed until the moisture content is about 3% or less.

3 Therefore, this arrangement provides an economical and efficient manner to prepare the leaves and/or flower buds for storage, in which the leaves and/or flower buds substantially retain cannabinoid oil therein.
In one arrangement, the method further includes pelletizing the leaves or the flower buds after forced-air drying at the first drying station but before further drying at the second drying station.
Preferably, pelletizing is performed at no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
In such arrangements including pelletizing, preferably screening the leaves or the flower buds to remove seeds of the hemp plants after forced-air drying at the first drying station but before pelletizing.
Preferably, the second drying station is a ventilated storage facility.
In one arrangement, the ventilated storage facility comprises a ventilated storage bin.
Preferably, the first drying station is a belt dryer having a perforated conveyor belt for supporting the leaves or the flower buds during movement through the belt dryer.
Preferably, the second drying station has a larger capacity than the first drying station for drying a larger amount of the leaves or the flower buds than the first drying station.
In one arrangement, the method further includes, before forced-air drying at the first drying station:
baling the leaves or the flower buds to form at least one bale thereof with substantially no air pockets in each bale;

4 wrapping said at least one bale in fluid impermeable material to prevent air from penetrating into said at least one bale;
storing said at least one wrapped bale for one or more days; and after unwrapping said at least one wrapped bale, shredding said at least one bale to reduce said at least one bale to particles of a size suited for passing to the first drying station.
The method may further include, after further drying at the second drying station, storing the leaves or flower buds for one or more days.
The method may further include crushing the leaves or the flower buds after further drying at the second drying station.
The method may further include extracting the cannabinoid oil from the leaves or flower buds after further drying at the second drying station.
According to another aspect there is provided a method for processing hemp to form a dry hemp product including cannabinoid oil, comprising:
cutting hemp plants, which are growing in a field, between about 85 days and about 120 days after seeding of the hemp plants, such that the hemp plants include at least one of leaves and flower buds but are free of seed;
drying the hemp plants to a prescribed moisture content of about 5% to about 15%, by leaving the hemp plants in the field to air dry;
and, in a processing facility, to which the hemp plants are transported after drying:
shaking the hemp plants to shear said at least one of the leaves and the flower buds from stalks of the hemp plants so as to form separated stalks and said at least one of the leaves and the flower buds which are not deformed;

5 and screening the separated stalks and said at least one of the leaves and the flower buds so as to be separated from one another.
Preferably, shaking the hemp plants comprises passing the hemp plants between a pair of counter-rotating rollers carrying a plurality of generally axially extending cleats in spaced angular relation to one another, which are spaced apart to shake the hemp plants without crushing said at least one of the leaves and the flower buds.
Preferably, the cleats of each of the pair of counter-rotating rollers follow a linear path which extends axially and angularly of a respective one of the pair of counter-rotating rollers across substantially a whole length of the respective one of the pair of counter-rotating rollers.
The cutting may be performed between about 95 days and about 110 days after the seeding of the hemp plants.
The method may further include pelletizing the at least one of the leaves and the flower buds after screening the separated stalks and said at least one of the leaves and the flower buds.
According to another aspect there is provided a method of processing whole hemp stalks at a single location, each whole hemp stalk including bast fiber and shive, the method comprising:
providing the whole hemp stalks at said location;
at said location, reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;
at said location, processing the particulate hemp without separating bast fiber and shive including:

6 reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first size range so as to be usable for further processing of the particulate hemp into one of a plurality of different products each with different size;
wherein the particulate hemp includes unseparated bast fiber and shive throughout the step of processing the particulate hemp.
According to a further aspect there is provided a system of processing whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp at a single location, wherein the whole hemp stalks have been harvested and each of the whole hemp stalks includes bast fiber and shive, the system comprising:
a preliminary size reduction station arranged at said location for reducing the previously harvested whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;
a processing stage arranged at said location for processing the particulate hemp without separating bast fiber and shive, the processing stage including:
a first size reduction station arranged for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first size range so as to be usable for further processing of the particulate hemp into one of a plurality of different products each with different size;
at least one further size alteration station receiving the particulate hemp sized in the first size range as input thereto for said further processing so as to derive a selected one of said plurality of different products;
wherein the particulate hemp includes unseparated bast fiber and shive throughout the processing stage.
According to a further aspect there is provided a method of processing whole hemp stalks, each whole hemp stalk including bast fiber and shive, the method

7 comprising:
providing the whole hemp stalks;
reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;
processing the particulate hemp, which includes:
reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first range between 25 microns and 500 microns;
wherein the particulate hemp includes bast fiber and shive throughout the step of processing the particulate hemp.
In the embodiment as described in more detail hereinafter, the particulate hemp is sized into one of several forms including hemp fines or flour, hemp pellets, and hemp crumbs (which are also termed hemp crumbles). Each hemp product, which is differentiated from one product to another by particle size, is advantageous for certain applications based on physical form, as will become apparent later. The present embodiment is suited for using an entirety of the hemp stalks for producing the particulate hemp therefrom. As such, processing the hemp stalks to form the particulate hemp may be less expensive than prior art processes in which the constituent components of the hemp stalks such as the bast fiber and the shive are separated from one another before processing into the particulate hemp.
As the particulate hemp includes bast fiber and shive, close to 100% of the whole hemp stalks, if not all thereof, is processed into the particulate hemp. As such, separation of bast fiber and shive is not required.
'Pulverize' as used in this specification means 'to reduce to fine particles.' 'Hemp crumbs' may also be called 'hemp crumbles'; irrespective of the particular term used, 'crumb' or 'crumble' as used in this specification refer to a small

8 particle or portion of something ¨ in this case of hemp.
The step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range between 25 microns and 500 microns may be performed using a hammer mill.

In one instance, the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 1.10 centimetres and 7.70 centimetres after the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp but prior to the step of processing the particulate hemp. In another instance, the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 1.30 centimetres and 6.40 centimetres after the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp but prior to the step of processing the particulate hemp. In a further instance, the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 1.50 centimetres and 5.30 centimetres after the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp but prior to the step of processing the particulate hemp.
The step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp may be performed using a shredder.
"Average dimension" refers generally to an average of respective maximum dimensions of a unit of the particulate hemp measured on the respective unit in any direction since the unit may be of a variety of shapes. That is, the maximum dimension of each hemp unit is averaged for all of the hemp units belonging to the particular category comprising the units. Moreover, any reference to sizing of hemp particles, hemp fines, hemp pellets, hemp crumbs, hemp cubes, or hemp briquettes hereinafter may be understood similarly to the aforementioned understanding of average dimension. The understanding of "average piece dimension" or "average particle dimension" hereinafter is similar to that of 'average dimension'.
In one instance, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step

9 of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, additionally includes further altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 0.5 microns and 3.20 centimetres. In another instance, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, additionally includes further altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 0.8 microns and 3.00 centimetres. In a further instance, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, additionally includes further altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp comprises an average dimension between 0.9 microns and 2.80 centimetres.
In one arrangement, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, may additionally include further reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a second range between 0.5 microns and 300 microns. Alternatively, the second range of the step of further reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, may be between 0.8 microns and 250 microns. The second range of the step of further reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, may also alternatively be between 0.9 microns and 200 microns.
The step of reducing the particular hemp in size so as to lie in the second range such as that between 0.5 microns and 300 microns may be performed using a hammer mill.
In one arrangement, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the

10 step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the first range, further includes binding together the particulate hemp into a prescribed size range between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres. Alternatively, the prescribed size range of the step of binding together the particulate hemp may be between 0.80 centimetres and 3.00 centimetres. The prescribed size range of the step of binding together the particulate hemp may also alternatively be between 1.00 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres. The prescribed size range of the step of binding together the particulate hemp may also alternatively be between 1.20 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres.
The step of binding together the particulate hemp into the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres may be performed using a pellet mill.
In one arrangement, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of binding together the particulate hemp into the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres, additionally includes reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a prescribed range between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres. The prescribed range of the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, may alternatively be between 0.50 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres. Alternatively, the prescribed range of the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, may be between 0.50 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres. The prescribed range of the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, may also alternatively be between 0.75 centimetres and 2.30 centimetres. The prescribed range of the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size, which comes after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, may also alternatively be between 1.00

11 centimetres and 2.00 centimetres.
The step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres is performed using a roller mill.
Optionally, the step of binding together the particulate hemp includes adding moisture to the particulate hemp at a beginning or throughout said step of binding together the particulate hemp so as to aid in binding the particulate hemp.
Preferably, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, further includes a step of cooling the particulate hemp.
In one arrangement, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of binding together the particulate hemp, further includes a step of separating inadequate hemp units from the particulate hemp, the inadequate hemp units having an average dimension sized outside the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres. In one instance, the step of removing the inadequate hemp units comprises applying suction to the particulate hemp to separate therefrom the inadequate hemp units that are sized smaller than said prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres.
In one arrangement, the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres, additionally includes a step of separating inadequate hemp units from the particulate hemp, the inadequate hemp units having an average dimension sized outside said prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres. In one instance, the step of removing the inadequate hemp units comprises applying suction to the particulate hemp to

12 separate therefrom the inadequate hemp units that are sized smaller than said prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres.
In certain consumer products for which hemp is suitable such as animal litter and bedding, it is desirable that the litter or bedding is free of dust which may be defined by the inadequate hemp units removed by suction.
Additionally or alternatively to applying suction, the step of removing the inadequate hemp units may comprise screening the particulate hemp. Preferably, the step of screening comprises a first separating step segregating or removing the inadequate hemp units which are larger than the respective range and a second separating step segregating or removing the inadequate hemp units which are smaller than the respective range.
Typically, the inadequate hemp units removed by suction are defined by the particulate hemp which was not properly pelletized. Also, these inadequate hemp units, which are removed by suction, may be defined by fines generated during the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres. The suction may be applied to the particulate hemp in addition to the screening, and the suction may be applied during or after the screening of the particulate hemp.
It is preferred that the step of processing the particulate hemp, after the step of separating inadequate hemp units, includes reforming the inadequate hemp units back into the particulate hemp that is sized in the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres by reiterating each one of (i) the step of reducing the particulate hemp in size into the first range, and (ii) the step of binding together the particulate hemp on said inadequate hemp units. The step of reforming the inadequate hemp units back into the particulate hemp augments

13 efficiency of the method and affords very near 100% of the whole hemp stalks to be used, with little to no portion of the stalks wasted.
Preferably, the method, after the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, further comprises a step of mixing the particulate hemp so as to produce a blend of the particulate hemp which has a substantially uniform distribution of moisture. The step of mixing allows for the particulate hemp to be substantially uniformly moist prior to later size alteration steps of the step of processing.
In one instance, the step of providing the whole hemp stalks comprises providing bales thereof and the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp comprises reducing the bales of the whole hemp stalks into the particulate hemp.
Preferably, the whole hemp stalks have a moisture content less than 15%
by weight.
If moisture content of the whole hemp stalks is unsuitably high, in one instance the method, prior to the step of reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, further comprises a step of drying the whole hemp stalks so that the whole hemp stalks have a moisture content less than 15% by weight.
In one arrangement, the method, after the step of processing the particulate hemp, further comprises a step of storing the particulate hemp in a manner suitable for selling the particulate hemp as or in a final product.
According to a further aspect there is provided a system of processing whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, wherein the whole hemp stalks have been harvested and each of the whole hemp stalks includes bast fiber and shive, the system comprising:

14 a preliminary size reduction stage arranged for reducing the previously harvested whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;
a processing stage arranged for processing the particulate hemp and which includes:
a first size reduction station arranged for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first range between 25 microns and 500 microns;

wherein the particulate hemp includes bast fiber and shive throughout the processing stage.
The whole hemp stalks comprise bast fiber and shive. In the embodiment as described hereinafter, the system is able to form the particulate hemp from the whole hemp stalks without separating the bast fiber and shive. Thus, the system may be more efficient in processing whole hemp stalks as compared to prior art systems for doing same.
The first size reduction station may comprise a hammer mill.
In one instance, the preliminary size reduction stage is arranged for reducing the whole hemp stalks to the particulate hemp such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 1.10 centimetres and 7.70 centimetres. In another instance, the preliminary size reduction stage is arranged for reducing the whole hemp stalks into the particulate hemp such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 1.30 centimetres and 6.40 centimetres. In a further instance, the preliminary size reduction stage is arranged for reducing the whole hemp stalks into the particulate hemp such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 1.50 centimetres and 5.30 centimetres.
The preliminary size reduction stage may comprise a shredder, such as

15 an agricultural shredder.
In one instance, the processing stage, after the first size reduction station, additionally includes a further size alteration stage which is arranged for altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 0.5 microns and 3.20 centimetres. In another instance, the processing stage, after the first size reduction station, additionally includes a further size alteration stage which is arranged for altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 0.8 microns and 3.00 centimetres. In a further instance, the processing stage, after the first size reduction station, additionally includes a further size alteration stage which is arranged for altering the particulate hemp in size such that the particulate hemp has an average dimension between 0.9 microns and 2.80 centimetres.
In one arrangement, the processing stage, after the first size reduction station, additionally includes a second size reduction station which is arranged for further reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a second range between 0.5 microns and 300 microns. Alternatively, the second range of the second size reduction station may be between 0.8 microns and 250 microns. The second range of the second size reduction station may also alternatively be between 0.9 microns and 200 microns.
The second size reduction station may comprise a hammer mill.
In one arrangement, the processing stage, after the first size reduction station, additionally includes a pelletizing station arranged for binding together the particulate hemp into in a prescribed size range between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres. Alternatively, the prescribed size range of the pelletizing station may be between 0.80 centimetres and 3.00 centimetres. The prescribed size range of the pelletizing station may also alternatively be between 1.00 centimetres and 2.80

16 centimetres. The prescribed size range of the pelletizing station may also alternatively be between 1.20 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres.
In one arrangement, the processing stage, after the pelletizing station, additionally includes another size reduction station arranged for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a prescribed range between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres. Alternatively, the prescribed range of said another size reduction station may be between 0.50 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres. The prescribed range of said another size reduction station may also alternatively be between 0.75 centimetres and 2.30 centimetres. The prescribed range of said another size reduction station may also alternatively be between 1.00 centimetres and 2.00 centimetres.
Said another size reduction station, which is arranged for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the prescribed range such as between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres, may comprise a roller mill. For example, the roller mill may have counter-rotating rollers arranged for crushing the particulate hemp from the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres into the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres.
Optionally, the pelletizing station is also arranged for adding moisture to the particulate hemp so as to aid in binding of the particulate hemp at the pelletizing station.
Preferably, the pelletizing station is also arranged for cooling the particulate hemp at a conclusion of the pelletizing station.
In one arrangement, the processing stage, after the pelletizing station, further includes a separation station arranged for segregating inadequate hemp units from the particulate hemp where the inadequate hemp units have an average dimension sized outside the prescribed size range between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20

17 centimetres.
In one instance, the separation station comprises a suction station arranged for applying suction to the particulate hemp to separate therefrom the inadequate hemp units that are sized smaller than said prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres.
In one arrangement, the processing stage, after said another size reduction station for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres, additionally includes a separation station arranged for segregating inadequate hemp units from the particulate hemp where the inadequate hemp units have an average dimension sized outside the prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres.
In one instance, the separation station comprises a suction station arranged for applying suction to the particulate hemp to separate therefrom the inadequate hemp units that are sized smaller than said prescribed range such as that between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres.
Additionally or alternatively to the suction station, in one arrangement the separation station comprises a screening station arranged for screening the particulate hemp.
The suction station may be integrated with the screening station such that the suction is applied during the screening. Alternatively, the suction station may be independent of the screening station and come thereafter in the processing stage such that the suction is applied after the screening has been performed.
It is preferred that the system includes a conveyor arranged to transfer the inadequate hemp units from the separation station to a start of the processing stage

18 for reforming the inadequate hemp units back into the particulate hemp sized in the prescribed size range such as that between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres.
Preferably, the system includes an initial mixing station at a start of the processing stage that is arranged for mixing the particulate hemp so as to produce a blend of the particulate hemp which has a substantially uniform distribution of moisture.
In one instance, the preliminary size reduction stage is arranged to accept bales of the whole hemp stalks.
When the preliminary size reduction stage is arranged to accept the bales of the whole hemp stalks, the preliminary size reduction stage is preferably arranged for reducing the bales of the whole hemp stalks into the particulate hemp.
In one instance, the system also comprises a preliminary drying stage before the preliminary size reduction stage that is arranged for drying the whole hemp stalks so as to have a moisture content less than 15% by weight.
In one instance, the system includes a holding stage after the processing stage that is arranged for storing the particulate hemp in a manner suitable for sale as or in a final product.
In one instance, the system includes a conveyor operatively coupled between the preliminary size reduction stage and the processing stage.
According to another aspect there is provided a method of processing whole hemp stalks at a single location, each whole hemp stalk including bast fiber and shive, the method comprising:
providing the whole hemp stalks at said location;
using a shredder at said location, reducing the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;

19 at said location, processing the particulate hemp without separating bast fiber and shive including:
reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first range between 25 microns and 500 microns so as to be usable for further processing of the particulate hemp into one of a plurality of different products each with different size;
and using the particulate hemp sized in the first range as input to said further processing so as to derive a selected one of said plurality of different products;
wherein the particulate hemp includes unseparated bast fiber and shive throughout the step of processing the particulate hemp.
According to another aspect there is provided a system of processing whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp at a single location, wherein the whole hemp stalks have been harvested and each of the whole hemp stalks includes bast fiber and shive, the system comprising:
a shredder arranged at said location for reducing the previously harvested whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp, which is smaller in size than the whole hemp stalks and still includes bast fiber and shive;
a processing stage arranged at said location for processing the particulate hemp without separating bast fiber and shive that includes:
a first size reduction station arranged for reducing the particulate hemp in size so as to lie in a first range between 25 microns and 500 microns so as to be usable for further processing of the particulate hemp into one of a plurality of different products each with different size;

20 at least one further size alteration station receiving the particulate hemp sized in the first range as input thereto for said further processing so as to derive a selected one of said plurality of different products;
wherein the particulate hemp includes unseparated bast fiber and shive throughout the processing stage.
According to a further aspect there is provided a method of obtaining cannabinoid oil from processed hemp comprising:
receiving the processed hemp, which has been processed from a whole hemp stalk to a particulate form having reduced size;
extracting the cannabinoid oil from the processed hemp using a fluid extraction process in which an extracting solvent is applied to the processed hemp;
wherein the received processed hemp is characterized in that it has been previously pelletized as part of its processing from the whole hemp stalk to the particulate form.
In the embodiment as described in more detail hereinafter, very low strains of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and higher strains of cannabidiol are preferably sought and these are obtained by starting with a raw material which has these characteristics, that is the raw material is preferably low in THC and high in cannabidiol.
Therefore, appropriate strains of hemp plant are chosen to meet such requirements.
Preferably, when the processed hemp is received from another external facility, the processed hemp is bagged at the other external facility so as to prevent the processed hemp from drying out before the method for obtaining the cannabinoid oil is carried out.
Preferably, the whole hemp stalk, from which the processed hemp is formed, was harvested when the hemp plant was in flower before seed had formed. As

21 such, the processed hemp does not contain any hemp seed.
Preferably, the processed hemp includes leaves and flower buds of the harvested whole hemp stalk.
Preferably, the processed hemp includes bast fiber and shive of the harvested whole hemp stalk.
Preferably, the harvested whole hemp stalk, from which the processed hemp is formed, was left to dry outdoors (typically in the field) after being cut but prior to being processed into the processed hemp.
Suitable fluid extraction processes include carrier oil extraction, super- or sub-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction, or solvent extraction (an example of a solvent conventionally associated therewith is grain alcohol, butane, and hexane).
These examples form part of the category of processes including liquid-liquid extraction which can also be referred to as solvent extraction.
Preferably, the harvested whole hemp stalk is of the variety having higher levels of cannabidiol than tetrahydrocannabinol.
In one arrangement, the step of extracting the cannabinoid oil includes generating used processed hemp deprived of the cannabinoid oil initially contained therein. The aforementioned extraction arrangement comprising the pressurized fluid may be better suited for generating the used processed hemp that is still usable in or as a vendible product as compared to an extraction arrangement using pressing which crushes the subject material.
Preferably, a step of drying the used processed hemp so as to be suited for use as or in a salable product.
Preferably, the processed hemp comprises an average dimension between 0.5 microns and 50 centimetres. Such sizing may make the processed hemp

22 better suited for transportation between facilities.
All or any of the above features may be combined with one another.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a flow diagram of an arrangement of system for processing whole hemp stalks;
Figure 2 is a flow diagram of an arrangement of system of processing particulate hemp for extracting cannabinoid oil therefrom;
Figure 3 is a flow diagram of an arrangement of method for processing hemp plants to form a dry hemp product which comprises cannabinoid oil;
Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a system in a processing facility for performing some of the steps of the arrangement of method of Figure 3;
Figure 5 schematically illustrates an end view of a pair of cleated counter-rotating rollers forming one station in the system of Figure 4; and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pair of cleated counter-rotating rollers of Figure 5 with other components omitted for clarity of illustration;
Figure 7 is a flow diagram of an arrangement of method for processing leaves or flower buds of hemp plants so as to cure the same;
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a self-propelled harvester for harvesting only the leaves or the flower buds of hemp plants; and Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a system in a processing facility for performing some of the steps of the arrangement of method of Figure 7.
In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.

23 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the accompanying figures, there is illustrated a system for processing whole hemp stalks that is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. The system 10 is configurable to produce one of hemp fines or flour, hemp pellets, and hemp crumbs. Each of the hemp fines, pellets, and crumbs define particulate forms of hemp stalk. Each of the particulate forms are produced from whole hemp stalks such that the fines, pellets, and crumbs maintain characteristics of the hemp stalk and differ in terms of physical size.
The system 10 commences with a receiving stage 12 for receiving the whole hemp stalks. Typically, the whole hemp stalks are delivered in the form of round or square bales. At the receiving stage, weight and moisture content of the bales is determined. Preferably, the whole hemp stalks have a moisture content in a range between 12% and 15% by weight; however, the moisture content may be below this range and the hemp stalks may still be suited for processing into the particulate hemp.
Any one of the bales which have moisture content exceeding 15% by weight may be rejected; alternatively, these bales that define excessively moist whole hemp stalks may be passed through a preliminary drying station 14 arranged for drying the bales. When the bales are passed to the preliminary drying station, the bales are dried until the moisture content thereof is less than 15% by weight which defines an upper range limit for acceptable moisture content.
After the receiving stage 12, the bales are transferred to a cutting stage 16 which performs a step of cutting the whole hemp stalks into hemp pieces smaller than the whole hemp stalks. The cutting stage comprises a shredding station 16 which produces the hemp pieces sized to have an average piece dimension in a prescribed piece range which is preferably between 1.50 centimetres and 5.30 centimetres.

24 Alternatively, the prescribed piece range may be between 1.30 centimetres and 6.40 centimetres and provide comparable results to the preferred prescribed piece range.
The prescribe piece range may also be between 1.10 centimetres and 7.70 centimetres and provide comparable results to the preferred prescribed piece range. The preferred prescribed piece range of the average piece dimension is analogous to a typical, average dimension of mulch for use in landscaping or gardening. In the illustrated embodiment, the shredding station comprises an agricultural shredder which has a body and a rotor rotatably carried within the body. The body includes at least one stationary counter knife supported in the body. The rotor, which is made of steel, supports counter shredding blocks. Each shredding block is sized to be 40 millimetres by 40 millimetres by 20 millimetres. The hemp stalks are shredded between the rotor and the at least one stationary counter knife. Further to the rotor and the counter knife, the shredder comprises a screen locating openings for passing the hemp pieces therethrough once the hemp stalks are cut into sufficiently small portions.
The openings are selectively sized to transfer out of the shredder the portions of the hemp stalks which are sized in the prescribed piece range mentioned hereinbefore. Size of the openings may be adjusted depending on the average piece dimension within the prescribed piece range that is desired. The shredder may be capable of performing the step of cutting the hemp stalks at a processing or cutting rate of 4,000 pounds per hour;
however, in other embodiment the shredder may have a cutting rate less than that of the illustrated embodiment and still yield comparable results to that of the illustrated embodiment. Such agricultural shredders are known in the art and thus are not illustrated in detail herein. Note that the hemp pieces include bast fiber and hurds collectively defining shive of the whole hemp stalks. As such, the shredding station 16 is arranged to cut through the bast fibers in order to form the hemp pieces.
Further to

25 the bast fiber and the hurds, the hemp pieces may also include leaves or flower buds of the hemp stalk.
Once the whole hemp stalks have been reduced to the hemp pieces, the hemp pieces are transferred to a size reduction stage 18 which performs a step of granulating the hemp pieces into the particulate hemp. The size reduction stage is configured so as to produce one of the hemp fines, the hemp pellets, and the hemp crumbs. The size reduction stage may produce the particulate hemp defined by one of the hemp fines, pellets, or crumbs having an average particle dimension between 0.5 microns and 3.20 centimetres. First, the stations which are common to each one of the hemp products produced by the system 10 are discussed.
At a start of the size reduction stage, the hemp pieces are transferred from the shredding station 16 to a mixing station 20 which performs a step of mixing the hemp pieces so as to produce a blend of the hemp pieces which has a substantially uniform distribution of moisture. Typically, the moisture content of the bales is contained closer to outer faces of the respective bale. Thus, the step of mixing the hemp pieces ensures that the blend of hemp pieces has uniform moisture content, and this blend is then converted to one of the hemp products. In the system of the illustrated embodiment, the mixing station comprises a metering bin 20. It will be appreciated that the mixing station can be considered to be part of either one of the cutting stage 16 or size reduction stage 18; alternatively, the mixing station 20 can be considered as independent of either one of the cutting or size reduction stages so long as the mixing station is intermediate the shredding station 16 and a coarse granulating station 22 of the size reduction stage.
The size reduction stage comprises the coarse granulating station 22 which is common to each configuration of the illustrated embodiment. The coarse

26 granulating station 22 performs a coarse pulverizing step which reduces the hemp pieces to hemp particles sized in a first granule range which is preferably between 75 microns and 400 microns. Alternatively, the first granule range may be between microns and 500 microns and provide comparable results to that of the preferred first granule range. Size of the hemp fines is analogous to that of sawdust. In the system 10 of the illustrated embodiment, the coarse granulating station comprises a coarse hammer mill.
To produce the hemp fines, the hemp particles are transferred from the coarse granulating station 22 to a fine granulating station 24 which performs a fine pulverizing step for further reducing the hemp particles into hemp fines. The hemp fines are sized in a second granule range which is preferably between 0.9 microns and 200 microns. Alternatively the second granule range may be between 0.8 microns and microns and provide comparable results to that of the preferred second granule range.
The second granule range may also be between 0.5 microns and 300 microns and provide comparable results to that of the preferred second granule range. In the illustrated embodiment, the fine granulating station 24 comprises a fine hammer mill which is arranged to grind the hemp particles more finely than the coarse hammer mill of the coarse granulating station. As such, the hemp fines contain the bast fiber and the hurds of the hemp stalks. If the hemp stalks also included the leaves and flower buds, the hemp fines also include the leaves and flower buds thereof albeit in portions. The hemp fines define one form of the particulate hemp which is produced by the system of the illustrated embodiment. The hemp fines or flour can then be bagged in a manner suitable for storage or in a manner suitable for sale in or as a consumer product.
Alternatively, the hemp fines may be transferred to a storage station 25 which will be described later in more detail.

27 To produce either one of the hemp pellets or the hemp crumbs, the hemp particles are transferred from the coarse granulating station 22 to a pelletizing station 26 which performs a pelletizing step. In the pelletizing step, the hemp particles are formed into hemp pellets sized in a pellet range which is preferably between 1.20 centimetres and 2.60 centimetres. Alternatively the pellet range may be between 1.00 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres and provide comparable results to that of the preferred pellet range. The pellet range may also be between 0.60 centimetres and 3.20 centimetres and provide comparable results to that of the preferred pellet range.
In the system of the illustrated embodiment, the pelletizing station 26 comprises a pellet mill or pelletizer 28. One example of the pellet mill that is appropriate for producing the hemp pellets sized in the desired pellet range has the following parameters, as understood by a person with normal skill in the art: (i) die diameter of 26";
(ii) hole diameter of 1/4"; (iii) effective thickness of 21/8; (iv) relief of 13/16; and (v) operating temperature of 190 degrees Fahrenheit to 205 degrees Fahrenheit (operating at degrees Fahrenheit is preferred). In some instance where the moisture content of the hemp particles is too low such that the hemp particles do not bind together in the pelletizing step, moisture typically comprising steam or water is added to the hemp particles in the pelletizing station so as to aid in forming the hemp pellets.
The hemp pellets still contain the bast fiber and the hurds of the hemp stalks. If the hemp stalks .. also included the leaves and flower buds, the hemp pellets also include the leaves and flower buds thereof albeit in portions.
Since formation of the hemp pellets involves high temperatures, the hemp pellets are transferred to a cooling station 30 belonging to the pelletizing station. The cooling station performs a step of cooling the hemp pellets such that the hemp pellets harden. The cooling station comprises a cooler bin 30 in the system of the illustrated

28 embodiment.
To produce the hemp crumbs or crumbles, the hemp pellets are transferred from the cooling station 30 to a crushing station 32 which performs a crushing step. In the crushing step, the hemp pellets are reduced to hemp crumbs sized in a crumb range which is preferably between 1.00 centimetres and 2.00 centimetres.
Alternatively, the crumb range may be between 0.75 centimetres and 2.30 centimetres and provide comparable results to that of the preferred crumb range. The crumb range may also be between 0.30 centimetres and 2.80 centimetres and provide comparable results to that of the preferred crumb range. In other embodiments, the crumb range may lie between 0.03 centimetres and 0.65 centimetres depending on intended applications of the crumbs. In the system of the illustrated embodiment, the crushing station comprises a roller mill 32; however, in alternative embodiments the crushing station comprises a hammer mill separate from the hammer mill 22 of the coarse granulating station. The crushing station may also be referred to as a crumbler which forms the hemp crumbs or crumbles. The hemp crumbs still contain the bast fiber and the hurds of the whole hemp stalks. As such, some of the bast fiber which is difficult to break may remain such that some hemp crumbs are similar in size to the respective hemp pellets because the respective crumbs are held together by strands of the fiber even after grinding or crushing the hemp pellets. Additionally, if the hemp stalks also included the leaves and flower buds, the hemp crumbs also include the leaves and flower buds thereof albeit in portions.
Regardless of whether the system is configured to produce the hemp pellets or the hemp crumbs, in both instances the particulate hemp defined thereby is transferred to a screening station 34 of the size reduction stage for removing hemp pellets or bad hemp crumbs that have an average unit dimension lying outside the

29 respective one of the pellet range or the crumb range depending on which hemp product is being produced; these hemp pellets or crumbs define inadequate or bad hemp units. The bad hemp pellets or crumbs are transferred to a start of the size reduction stage 18 so as to pass through the coarse granulating station 22 and pelletizing station 26 a subsequent time. In the illustrated embodiment, the bad hemp units are transferred back to the mixing station 20 instead of being transferred directly back to one of the coarse granulating station 22 or the pelletizing station 26. The mixing station typically has sufficient capacity to accept additional material for processing, while the coarse granulating station and pelletizing station are typically near full capacity. In alternative embodiments comprising granulating and pelletizing stations of greater capacity, the bad hemp units can be transferred to either one of these stations in lieu of the mixing station.
The bad hemp units which exceed the allowed range are first separated from acceptable hemp units having the average unit dimension which lies within the respective range. In the illustrated embodiment, the first separation step is performed by a first screen which allows the acceptable hemp units to pass through openings located in the first screen. For example, the first screen has openings sized at the upper range limit of the pellet or crumb range. A second separation step performed by a second screen separates the bad hemp units that have the average unit dimension below the respective range. The bad hemp units segregated by the second screen include dust defined by the hemp particles that were not properly pelletized in the pelletizing station. In the case of the hemp crumbs, the dust may also be defined by fines generated during crushing of the hemp pellets to form the hemp crumbs.
For example, the second screen locates openings sized at the lower range limit of the pellet or crumb range so that the bad hemp units that are below the lower range limit of the

30 respective range pass through the openings. In another example, the openings of the second screen are 4 mm in diameter. In addition to the screens, a suction station separates the dust from the particulate hemp by applying suction to the particulate hemp. The suction station comprises a vacuuming apparatus. The suction can be applied during the second separation step; alternatively the suction can be applied after the second separation step has been performed. Once the dust has been removed from the particulate hemp, the bad hemp units are transferred to the start of the size reduction stage. The screening station and suction station collectively define a separating station for segregating the bad hemp units from the particulate hemp.
Overall, the system 10 is capable of processing 2 tonnes to 2.5 tonnes of whole hemp stalk per hour.
After the separation or segregation station, the hemp pellets and crumbs that are acceptably sized are transferred to the storage station 25. At the storage station, a portion of the particulate hemp is stored in a manner suitable for selling as a consumer product or for use in a consumer product. Another portion of the particulate hemp is stored so as to be prepared for loading for transportation to a separate oil extraction facility 38 which performs a step of extracting cannabinoid (CBD) oil from the particulate hemp. In other embodiments, the particulate hemp may be loaded directly onto a vehicle such as a tanker for transportation (i.e., by road) to the oil extraction facility. The transportation arrangement may also include train (i.e., by rail) and ship (i.e., by water). In further embodiments, a facility comprising the system 10 may also include subsequent stages and/or stations 40 for performing the step of extracting the CBD oil; as such, the particulate hemp may be transferred directly to the appropriate oil extraction stages and/or stations after the screening station.
Similarly to the hemp crumbs and pellets, the hemp fines may also be

31 stored in preparation for transfer to the oil extraction facility for extracting oil from the hemp fines.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the term 'particulate hemp', especially as the term pertains to the concept of oil extraction, is broadened to be understood as processed hemp. 'Processed hemp' refers to a smaller forms (i.e., relating to physical size) reduced in size from the hemp stalks such that the smaller forms are easier to transport. Thus, the processed hemp may include the hemp fines, hemp pellets, and hemp crumbs that are sized as described hereinbefore. The processed hemp may also include hemp cubes and hemp briquettes. The hemp cubes are sized typically in a cube range between 1.20 centimetres and 7.70 centimetres so as to be larger than or similarly sized as the hemp pellets. The hemp cubes may be produced from the hemp stalks in a similar fashion to the hemp pellets produced by the system 10. That is, in other embodiments the pelletizing station 26 or the pelletizer 28 may be replaced with similar equipment so as to produce the cubes which are cubic in form instead of the hemp pellets which may be of varying shapes. The processed hemp may also include hemp briquettes which are sized larger than the hemp cubes so as to be in a briquette range typically between 5 centimetres and 50 centimetres. In other embodiments, the system 10 may be configured to produce the hemp briquettes such that the pelletizing station 28 or pelletizer is replaced with a briquetting station or briquetting machine, respectively. Additionally, the processed hemp may include all or any combination of the constituent components of the hemp stalks including the bast fiber, the hurds, the leaves, and the flower buds. Typically, inclusion of the leaves or the flower buds of the hemp stalks may augment an amount of CBD oil contained in the processed hemp. Also, using different strains of hemp may yield different amounts of CBD oil in the processed hemp.

32 Returning to the extraction of the CBD oil, the step of extracting the CBD
oil typically generates used particulate hemp which is deprived of the CBD oil initially contained therein. Typically, the used particulate hemp has moisture content which is greater than that suited for consumer products such as animal litter, animal bedding, and absorbency products. Thus, the used particulate hemp is dried in a drying station 42 so as to be suited for use in the consumer products like those mentioned hereinbefore. Typically, the step of drying the used particulate hemp is performed with heat and air. The used particulate hemp may then be stored in a storage station 44 similar to the storage station 25.
Tests commissioned by the applicant show that for at least one particular strain of hemp, the hemp pellets contain about 0.02% of CBD. Thus, the tests indicate that the processed hemp is not devoid of the CBD oil initially contained in the hemp stalks. As mentioned before, the content or amount of CBD oil in the processed hemp may be increased by using different strains of hemp and if the hemp stalks that are processed include the leaves or the flower buds.
It will be appreciated that the system of the illustrated embodiment may also be suited for other types of organic matter and crops.
It will also be appreciated that a particular shape of each one of the hemp products may vary so long as each individual particle of each hemp product fits within the corresponding size range.
It will also be appreciated that binding materials are not necessary to produce any one of the hemp fines, crumbs, or pellets in the system 10 of the illustrated embodiment.
The hemp products produced by the system 10 and corresponding method have many applications. The following are attributes of hemp may lend to its

33 advantages in the applications which are mentioned later: (i) bast fiber length is 5 millimetres to 40 millimetres in length; (ii) primary bast fibers, which may be most favourable for certain applications, are long and low in lignin content; (iii) secondary bast fibers, which are secondary to the primary fibers for the certain applications, are shorter than the primary bast fibers and high in lignin content; and (iv) tertiary bast fibers, which are third to the primary fibers for the certain applications, are shorter than the secondary bast fibers and high in lignin content. Also, hemp comprises cellulose typically in a range between 32% and 38%.
Hemp is suited for a number of consumer products such as animal litter (e.g., cat litter); animal bedding for animals like horses, birds, snakes, and rabbits;
absorbing or absorption products suited for use in spills comprising oil, gas, chemicals considered hazardous and/or having adverse effects on humans and the environment, sewage, and water; absorption products for absorbing gases generated by sewer tanks or ponds; and 3D printing filament or molding when the hemp is combined with plastic material.
In particular, the hemp pellets and hemp crumbs are suitable for use in animal litter for domestic pets such as cats, birds, and horses because these hemp products provide desirable characteristics suited for the animal litter including (i) rapidly and efficiently absorbing animal excretions; (ii) ability to rapidly minimize unpleasant odors; (iii) non-adherence to animal paws and fur; (iv) biodegradability; and (v) low cost.
The hemp pellets and hemp crumbs, when made from hemp having low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content, also provide the following characteristics desirable in the animal litter such as (i) ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms;
(ii) ability to repel insects and pests such as fleas and moths; (iii) little to no dust content;
and (iv) sufficiently low levels of psychoactive chemicals so as to not produce physical

34 or psychological effects. Moreover, since animal litter is widely used, it is important that the material from which the litter is made is environmentally friendly. Hemp may be grown without application of insecticides or pesticides so that hemp is 100%
organic the hemp, thereby meeting one of the preferred requirements of animal litter.
Additionally, the hemp products produced by the system 10 have characteristics including (i) high absorbency; and (ii) ability to rapidly minimize unpleasant odors. Thus, the hemp fines and crumbs are suited for absorbing or absorption products. Generally speaking, hemp is able to absorb liquids up to 490% of its weight; however, the hemp fines are likely to absorb liquids more quickly than the hemp crumbs or the hemp pellets because the hemp fines are smaller in size than the crumbles or pellets, and the hemp crumbles are likely to absorb liquids more quickly than the hemp pellets because the crumbles are smaller in size compared to the pellets.
Additionally, hemp is able to neutralize chemicals to a pH near 7. In chemical or oil spills, acid neutralization may afford the chemicals or the oil to be rendered less harmful to an external environment surrounding the spill. In animal litter as mentioned earlier, acid neutralization may afford neutralization of ammonia contained in animal excretions (especially in animal urine) so as to minimize an unpleasant smell of the ammonia.
The hemp crumbs or the hemp pellets may be blended with binders like corn or wheat starch to form an animal litter which is able to form clumps.
In another example, the hemp crumbs and pellets may also be suited for use as mulch. In a further example example, the hemp fines are suited for absorbing liquid such as in scenarios of water, oil, or chemical spills. In a yet further example, the hemp fines are suited for mixing with at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, polylactic acid, PHA-green resin, and magnesium oxide for making plastic filament or for use in molding.

35 The hemp products produced by the system 10 may also be suited for use as or in loose fill insulation.
It will be appreciated that the hemp retains its desirable characteristics regardless of the physical form in the present embodiment, i.e., regardless of whether the hemp is in the form of the hemp fines, the hemp pellets, and the hemp crumbs. As such, the aforementioned qualities of one of the hemp product are likely maintained in another one of the hemp products produced by the system 10.
Hemp may also be suited for use as or in biomass.
Furthermore, hemp contains the CBD oil and the CBD oil contained in the hemp may be extracted without considerably affecting performance of the hemp for the consumer products mentioned hereinbefore.
The CBD oil is found in an upper portion of the plant such as in leaves and flower buds of the stalks. Typically, the CBD oil content in the hemp stalk ranges between 2% and 7%. It may be desirable to extract the CBD oil from the hemp stalks because the oil is suited for therapeutic use for a variety of diseases such as anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, epilepsy, dystonia, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and skin diseases.
The hemp stalks from which the particulate hemp may be harvested differently depending on whether the hemp products derived from the hemp stalks are to be used primarily for such consumer products as those mentioned hereinbefore or primarily for oil extraction. In case of the latter, the hemp stalks may be harvested once the hemp stalks have flowered such that the CBD oil content in the stalks is higher than prior to or during flowering. In other cases, the hemp stalks may be harvested during flowering. Furthermore, depending on a state in which the hemp stalks are harvested a swather or combine harvester may be better suited for cutting the hemp stalks.
After

36 the hemp stalks are cut, the hemp stalks may be left outside in a field to dry until the hemp stalks have the proper moisture content. Once dried, the hemp stalks may be baled. Once baled, the hemp stalks may be covered under tarps or stored in a shed before sending the hemp stalks to a facility comprising the system 10 for processing.
In another arrangement of the present invention, the whole hemp stalks are harvested when the stalks are in full flower (full bloom/blossom) but before any seeds have formed in order to obtain economically suitable yields of CBD oil.
This is because the hemp seeds do not contain the desired strain of cannabinoid used and therefore need not be present in the raw material, which is the processed hemp, from which the oil is later extracted. However, at the time of harvest, the whole hemp stalks do have flower buds (also known as blooms) and leaves, and these are not removed from the stalks so as to remain in the particulate processed hemp that is formed therefrom. Typically, when the stalks are destined for oil extraction, the whole hemp stalks are left in the field after cutting so as to dry to a moisture content between 10%
and 18% by weight. Alternatively, drying to a moisture content between 10% and 14%
or to that between 15% and 18% may be equally suitable. The hemp stalks are then baled once they have dried in the field, and subsequently the dried and baled hemp stalks are passed through the size alteration stages to form the particulate hemp that is later used in the oil extraction.
In some instances, separate facilities carry out each of the processing of the whole hemp stalks into particulate hemp and the oil extraction. The particulate processed hemp is bagged at a conclusion of its processing in the first facility so that the particulate hemp retains its moisture/oil content before the oil extraction is carried out. That is, the processed hemp is stored in a way suitable for shipping but in a closed arrangement (for example, closed bags or other sealed containers) such that the

37 particulate hemp is prevented from drying out before the oil extraction. As such, the particulate form of the hemp, which is a consequence of its processing from a whole stalk state, by its significantly reduced size makes the hemp better suited for transport and better suited for holding in a moisture sealing/retaining arrangement.
At the oil extraction facility, a fluid extraction process is used to remove the oil from the processed hemp. That is, a suitable fluid (typically in liquid state) is applied as an extracting solvent to the processed hemp using suitable apparatus for carrying out the extraction. Typically, the processed hemp is carried in a first immiscible liquid such as water and is transferred to the extracting solvent by mixing together in the suitable apparatus. Vice versa, the extracting solvent may be first applied to the processed hemp and then mixed with another immiscible liquid so that the other immiscible liquid carries the desired CBD oil at the end of the process. The carrier liquid which contains the desired component at the end of the process is then removed from, and in this way the CBD oil is extracted.
A number of suitable such processes forming a category of processes known as liquid-liquid extraction or otherwise as solvent extraction are effective for extracting the desired strains of cannabinoids, and examples include supercritical fluid extraction (for example, using supercritical carbon dioxide), conventional solvent extraction (conventional extraction solvents associated therewith include, for example, grain alcohol or ethanol high grade alcohol), or carrier oil extraction (for example, using olive oil). Subcritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction may also be suitable.
These processes are known in the art in how they are applied to hemp and thus are not described in detail herein. Where possible, subcritical or supercritical CO2 extraction is desirably used because this extraction process uses a chemical (i.e., CO2) that is non-toxic and non-flammable as compared to the chemicals employed in solvent extraction

38 (e.g., butane, grain alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, hexane, or ethanol). CO2 extraction also retains beneficial plant waxes which are present and removes the chlorophyll from the end product. On the other hand, conventional solvent extraction is typically less expensive and may be easier to perform over supercritical CO2 extraction. Note that the specifically chosen process for extracting the oil may vary depending on the end-use of the oil that is derived.
Based on presently known applications for oil derived from hemp, the strain of cannabinoid having gained in popularity is cannabidiol. Therefore, cannabidiol is the strain which is typically desired and therefore isolated from the hemp, although other cannabinoid strains may be extracted alternatively or additionally to cannabidiol.
As a result of the oil extraction process, used processed hemp is produced and it is deprived of the CBD oil initially contained therein. As such, in addition to other benefits provided by the respective extraction process, the fluid extraction processes mentioned above may be better suited for providing such used processed hemp that can still be used in or as a vendible product because these fluid extraction processes leave the physical form of the hemp substantially unaltered as compared to an extraction arrangement using pressing which crushes the subject material.
That is, the fluid extraction processes remove the CBD oil without compromising other physical properties of the processed hemp which make it suitable for use in/as a salable product but which do not depend on presence of CBD oil in the hemp. The used processed hemp which will be used in/as the salable product is dried, for example by placing the used processed hemp in a heated storage chamber to let the hemp air-dry, so as to be suited for its subsequent use.
As described in detail hereinbefore, the harvested whole hemp stalks are processed into one of pellets, flour, and crumbles. Each of these products include both

39 bast fiber and shive, which remain substantially intact throughout the processing stages, as well as the leaves and flower buds which augment the content of the desired CBD strains in the processed hemp. Although it is possible to extract CBD oil from the flour, the physical form of the pellets and crumbles may make them more manageable for extraction when compared to a powdery flour form as apparent above, and thus the pellets and crumbles are preferred for the oil extraction over the flour. As such, the processed hemp from which the oil is extracted has typically gone through a pelletizing step as part of its processing.
Furthermore, the processed hemp is generally preferred as the raw .. material for oil extraction over the original whole hemp stalks as the processed hemp is more suitably sized and each unit thereof contains a plurality of components of the original whole hemp stalk like the shive, bast fiber, leaves, and flowers (through the processing as described hereinbefore) such that uniform yields of the CBD oil may be produced in terms of quality and relative proportions of desired CBD strains in the oil.
The same is not necessarily true if the whole hemp stalks, as harvested, were used as the raw material for oil extraction or even if the whole hemp stalks were separated into constituent parts of the plant and then used as the raw material.
Figure 3 illustrates a method 50 for processing hemp to form a dry hemp product including cannabinoid oil. In particular, a majority of the respective hemp plant's cannabinoid oil is carried in its leaves and flower buds. Thus, the method 50 comprises at 52 a first step of cutting the hemp plants, which are growing in a field, between about 85 days and about 120 days after seeding thereof, such that the hemp plants include at least either one of leaves and flower buds but are free of seed. That is, the respective hemp plant comprises a stalk including shive and bast fiber, and may include leaves and flower buds attached to an upper portion of the stalk after sufficient

40 growth of the plant. After a time period of about 85 to 120 days has elapsed following seeding of the plants, depending on rate or speed of growth of the hemp plants which is affected by human-uncontrollable factors such as weather conditions, the hemp plants are producing an optimal amount of cannabinoid oil which is excreted by the plants at their leaves so as to form a sticky residue upon surfaces of the leaves. This optimal amount of cannabinoid oil is produced before the plant has formed seed. It is therefore at this prescribed time that the hemp plants are cut, whereby the hemp plants cease to grow. For example, the hemp plants are cut with a haybine conditioner or a swather. Furthermore, after such prescribed time has passed since seeding, typically the hemp plants carry both leaves and flower buds.
Within the broad range of about 85 to 120 days, cutting may be performed between about 95 days and about 110 days after the seeding of the hemp plants.
After the step of cutting at 52 in the method 50, the cut hemp plants are left to air dry in the field to a prescribed moisture content of about 5% to about 15% as indicated at 55. During this step of drying, the excreted cannabinoid oil disposed on the surfaces of the leaves and/or flower buds is absorbed into the drying leaves and/or flower buds, such that these parts of the hemp plants act as the carriers of the cannabinoid oil. The hemp plants are dried before baling.
Once the hemp plants reach the prescribed moisture content, the dried plants are baled to form bales of the dried hemp plants which are readily transportable from the field to a processing facility where subsequent steps of the method 50 are performed. Figure 4 illustrates a system 58 in a processing facility for processing the dried hemp plants transported thereto from the field.
At the processing facility, where the hemp plants are transported after drying, the dried hemp plants are unbaled so as to release the respective dried hemp

41 plants. In the illustrated arrangement, the unbaling is carried out by unwinding the bales using a bale unroller 60 to gradually release the respective dried hemp plants. The unbaled hemp plants form a swath which is deposited from the unbaler 60 upon a conveyor 62.
Next, the dried hemp plants are shaken in the next step 64 of the method 50 (Figure 3) to shear the leaves and/or the flower buds from the stalks of the hemp plants so as to form separated stalks and leaves and/or flower buds which are not deformed. The step of shaking or vibrating the hemp plants to remove the leaves and/or flower buds from attached condition to the stalks at 64 is performed by passing the hemp plants between a pair of counter-rotating rollers, which station in the system 58 is schematically indicated at 67 in Figure 4. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the counter-rotating rollers 69, 70 of system station 67 carry a plurality of generally axially extending cleats 72 in spaced angular relation to one another. The cleated rollers 69, 70 are spaced apart to shake the hemp plants without crushing the at least one of the leaves and the flower buds. The cleated rollers 69, 70 are arranged in spaced relation to form a gap 74 upon passing through which the hemp plants are not pinched and deformed, but rather are shaken or vibrated with sufficient force that the leaves and buds tear from attachment to the stalks. Typically, the cleated rollers 69, 70 are spaced apart by about 2 inches to about 5 inches, and preferably by about 3 inches to achieve the non-deforming shaking action.
Still referring to Figures 5 and 6, the cleated rollers 69, 70 are arranged in vertically upright stacked condition such that an axis of rotation R of each of the rollers is generally horizontally oriented and one roller is located above the other with their roller axes R lying in a common vertically upright oriented plane P. Each of the rollers 69, 70 is driven in opposite rotational direction to the other as indicated by arrows 76,

42 77 by a drive arrangement such as a hydraulic power pack 78. The rollers 69, 70 are mounted on a frame comprising a pair of vertically upstanding posts 79A, 796 on which each roller 69, 70 is respectively rotatably supported.
The rollers 69, 70 which are cleated thus each comprise a plurality of raised protrusions defining the cleats 72 which are arranged on a circular cylindrical body 80 of the respective roller 69, 70 in spaced parallel condition to one another. Thus is defined a groove or recess 81 between each one of an adjacent pair of the protrusions. The cleats 72 of each counter-rotating roller are linear and extend axially and angularly of thereof across substantially a whole length of the respective roller.
Thus, each cleat 72 follows a path along the roller body 80 which is substantially linear from a position at or adjacent one roller end 83 to a position at or adjacent the other roller end 84, however, as an outer surface 85 of the roller body 80 is curved than a tip 88 of the respective cleat 72 which is raised above the outer body surface 85 so as to be radially spaced therefrom follows a twisting path in a generally axial direction of the respective roller along its body 80. In yet other words, opposite ends 72A, 72B of the respective cleat are angularly spaced from one another relative to the roller axis R, and a body of the cleat spanning therebetween follows the substantially linear path from one cleat end 72A to the other 72B.
The cleats 72 of the counter-rotating rollers 69, 70 are angularly offset from one another along their respective roller axes R such that during rotation a raised portion of one roller is located directly opposite a recessed portion of the other roller.
Furthermore, the cleats 72 of each roller 69, 70 extend in an opposite angular direction to the other so that the cleats 72 of the counter-rotating rollers would effectively mesh with one another if the rollers 69, 70 were located more closely to one another.
Referring again to Figure 4, on an output side of the counter-rotating

43 cleated rollers station 67 is another conveyor 90 which transfers the separated stalks and leaves and/or flower buds to a screener 92 where the separated stalks and the leaves and/or the flower buds are screened so as to be separated from one another, as indicated at 94 in Figure 3. The screener 92 operates in the conventional sense as a sieve where the smaller sized leaves and flower buds, with respect to the stalks which are still intact and not deformed, pass through a mesh or a grid to pass through a distinct first output 93A of the screener 92 from a second output 93B of the screener which discharges the hemp stalks. Each of the hemp stalks and the leaves and/or flower buds which are saturated with cannabinoid oil in comparison to the stalks are transferred by respective conveyors 95, 96 to a designated separate holding bin 97, 98 for temporary storage.
As such, hemp plants with an optimal amount of cannabinoid oil are processed to separate the oil-rich part of the plant carrying a majority of the cannabinoid oil from the hemp stalks which comprise bast fiber and shive and carry a substantially smaller proportion of a total amount of the cannabinoid oil of the respective plant. Thus, oil-rich leaves and/or flower buds may be used for one type of vendible product for which cannabinoid oil is suited, and the hemp stalks can be further processed for another type of vendible product for which bast fiber and shive are particularly suited.
Also, neither the hemp stalks nor the removed leaves and/or flower buds are substantially deformed by the processing stages so that further processing of either parts of the plant may commence with a substantially intact starting material.
Furthermore, the leaves and/or flower buds provide one example of dry form of hemp comprising cannabinoid oil which may be usable alone or in combination with another substance to form a dry hemp product.
After the flower buds and/or leaves are separated from one another,

44 cannabinoid oil may be extracted from them at the same site, or the flower buds and/or leaves may be shipped to an extraction plant. Alternatively, the flower buds and/or leaves may be made into a pellet form and then have an oil extraction process performed on the same to extract the cannabinoid oil, the latter being performed at the same site or at another site. In a further alternative, the pelletized flower buds and/or leaves form a vendible product, for example, which is sold as a supplement feed for livestock or pets.
Referring to Figure 7, there is illustrated a method 100 for processing leaves or flower buds of hemp plants which contain cannabinoid oil. Generally speaking, the leaves/flower buds are to be dried so as to substantially remove all water moisture contained therein, such that decay or decomposition thereof is prevented, and so as to increase shelf-life of the leaves and/or flower buds before the cannabinoid oil contained therein is to be extracted. Figures 8-9 schematically show equipment forming a processing system 101 which can be used to realize at least some of the steps of the method 100.
A first step of the method 100 is to provide the leaves and/or the flower buds in a separated condition from stalks of the hemp plants as indicated at 102. As shown in Figure 8, this can be achieved by operating a harvester 104 carrying a stripper header 105 through a field in which the hemp plants are growing, usually between about 80 to 120 days after seeding of the hemp plants, so as to strip or remove only the leaves/flower buds from the stalks, leaving the stalks still rooted in and standing upwardly from the field. In this manner the leaves and/or flower buds are harvested already in a separated condition relative to the stalks on which they were growing.
In the event that the leaves and/or flower buds are not yet ready to be dried shortly after being harvested, for example due to insufficient capacity at the

45 processing facility, the method 100 optionally includes the steps of:
baling the leaves and/or the flower buds to form one or more bales thereof with substantially no air pockets in each bale, as indicated by 112, for example by using a compact baler which forms bales so densely that the baling action squeezes air out from within the formed bale;
wrapping each bale in fluid impermeable material to prevent air from penetrating into the bale, as represented by 114, for example by wrapping the whole of the bale in plastic to form a plurality of layers of wrapping material;
storing the one or more wrapped bales for one or more days, as represented by 116; and after unwrapping the one or more bales, shredding the one or more bales to reduce the same to particles which are much smaller in size, suited for further processing as will be appreciated shortly, as represented by 118.
Method steps 112 through 118 are generally performed at a processing .. facility and not in the field, and thus, as shown in Figure 8, after the leaves/flower buds are harvested separately from the stalks they are transferred by a conveyor operatively associated with the harvester 104 to a collection vehicle 109, such as a silage trailer towed by a tractor or another towing vehicle, for subsequent transport away from the field.
The harvested hemp leaves and/or flower buds are transported from the field to a processing facility where the system 101 such as that illustrated in Figure 9 is located inside same. At the processing facility, a supply bin 119A of the system 101 acts as temporary storage to collect the hemp leaves/flower buds to be dried.
A
conveyor 119B is operatively associated with the supply bin 119B to feed therefrom the next downstream stage of the processing system 101 with the leaves/flower buds which

46 still have a substantial moisture content and are prone to decay or decomposition.
When the leaves and/or the flower buds are ready to be dried, the method 100 includes a first drying step 120, which is performed at a first drying station 121, where air heated to a temperature of no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit is applied to the leaves and/or flower buds to forced-air dry the same to a moisture content of no greater than about 10%, such that even after this first drying step the leaves/flower buds retain the cannabinoid oil originally therein. Preferably, the drying air is heated to a temperature of at least about 100 degrees Fahrenheit so as to be substantially hotter than ambient air temperature in order to minimize the first drying step. The maximum temperature of the drying air of about 130 degrees Fahrenheit is a threshold temperature above which the cannabinoid oil can be substantially damaged, which is not desirable.
The forced-air drying step 120 at the first drying station 121 is performed until the reduced moisture content of no greater than about 10% is achieved.
For optimal processing efficiency, the hemp leaves/flower buds are dried to between about 5% to about 8% moisture content.
In order to achieve the above-defined reduced moisture content the first drying step is performed for about 24 hours or less, and typically for a duration of no greater than about 4 hours to maximize throughput of the first drying station 121. That is, drying at the first drying station in order to achieve the reduced moisture content is based on time and temperature of the air applied to the leaves/flower buds.
Prior to drying at the first drying station 121, the leaves/flower buds have an initial moisture content of about 15% or higher, and more typically this initial moisture content is between about 30% to about 80%. Generally speaking, the initial moisture content of the leaves/flower buds will be higher if they are passed to the first drying

47 station 121 shortly after harvest, for example within a few hours thereof, such that substantially no drying in the field or during transport has taken place. Thus the first drying step acts to reduce the moisture content of the hemp leaves and/or flower buds by at least 50%, and more typically by at least 200% or higher.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that at the reduced moisture content to which the leaves or the flower buds are brought after drying, or generally being processed, at the first drying station, the leaves or the flower buds are still uncured and therefore are decomposable. That is, the moisture content of the leaves/flower buds is sufficient to support decay thereof. However, the leaves/flower buds are substantially dry such that minimal further drying remains to cure the same.
As such, a second drying step 123 is provided to cure the leaves and/or the flower buds, at a second drying station 125 which is distinct and separate from the first drying station 121, where air is circulated through the leaves or the flower buds. In other words, the leaves and/or flower buds are ventilated at the second drying station until they reach the prescribed moisture content of the cured condition.
Generally speaking, although air is applied to the leaves/flower buds at the second drying station 125 similarly to the first drying station 121, the movement of air at the former is gentler in comparison to the latter and the temperature of the circulated air is much lower in comparison to that at the first drying station, being closer to ambient indoor temperature which is about 68-70 degrees Fahrenheit, which is also known as room temperature.
As such, the circulation air at the second drying station may be drawn from the ambient air around the second drying station and may be The second drying step 123 is performed until the leaves/flower buds achieve a prescribed moisture content below 5%, and preferably about 3% or less, at which the leaves or the flower buds cannot decompose while still retaining the

48 cannabinoid oil therein. Typically, the second drying step continues until the afore-defined prescribed moisture content is measured which can be performed by commercially available devices. However, for optimal processing efficiency, drying at the second drying station is performed for one or more days, and typically about 4 to 5 days, of drying at the second drying station, which is normally based on the temperature of the circulation air which is set so that the prescribed moisture content of the cured condition is achieved within the aforementioned duration of time.
Thus the second drying step 123 lowers the moisture content of the hemp leaves/flowers buds by less than 100% from the reduced moisture content to the prescribed moisture content at which they are considered cured.
Between the first and second drying steps 120 and 123, an intermediary pelletizing step indicated at 127, and represented by a conventional pelletizer or pellet mill 129 schematically shown in Figure 9, may be performed on the partially, yet mostly, dried hemp leaves and/or flower buds so as to increase an amount thereof that can be dried at the second drying station 125. That is, pelletizing acts to compact the hemp material into a denser package so that a common mass of the material occupies a smaller volume as compared to non-pelletized hemp material. Thus, by pelletizing bulk leaves and/or flower buds, a larger mass of leaves/flower buds is insertable into the second drying station 125 for simultaneous drying. Pelletizing is performed at no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit which is the threshold temperature above which the cannabinoid oil in the leaves/flower buds is particularly susceptible to substantial breakdown or decomposition. Prior to pelletizing 127, but after being dried at the first drying station 121, the leaves and/or flower buds are optionally screened, as represented by step 132 and screening station 133, to remove seeds of the hemp plants inadvertently contained in a batch of hemp leaves/flower buds being processed, such

49 that the pellets comprise only hemp leaf and/or flower bud matter.
Once the hemp leaves and/or flower buds are cured at a conclusion of the second drying step 123, such that they will not decompose and are not susceptible to spoilage by mold, the cured hemp leaves/flower buds can be stored as indicated at step 136 for one or more days, for example by bagging the same, until it is desired to extract the cannabinoid oil contained therein.
When it is desired to extract the contained cannabinoid oil, the cured hemp leaves/flower buds are crushed or pulverized as indicated at 138 at a pulverizing station so as to increase an available surface area of the material for passing through oil extraction apparatus. This is particularly useful when the cured leaves/flower buds were previously pelletized.
Subsequently, the method 100 includes a step of extracting the cannabinoid oil from the cured leaves and/or flower buds, for example using a fluid extraction process. The subsequently produced used hemp leaf/flower bud material, substantially free of cannabinoid oil, may then be used for other purposes for which such material absent of cannabinoid oil is suited, for example animal bedding.
In the illustrated arrangement of processing system 101 for obtaining cured hemp leaves and/or flower buds that is shown in Figure 9, the first drying station 121 is a belt dryer having a perforated conveyor belt for supporting the leaves and/or the flower buds, that is the material to be dried, during movement through the belt dryer.
That is, at least an upper run of the conveyor belt 145 defines a plurality of openings 147 for passing air from underneath and through the upper run 145 above same.
The hemp material to be dried forms a generally thin uniform layer on the upper run 145 and is continuously blasted with heated air as the material is displaced through a substantially enclosed chamber housing the perforated conveyor belt. The heated air

50 indicated by arrows 149 is driven by fans 150 to provide the heated airflow through the upper run 145 and within the housing chamber. The first drying station 121 receives the hemp material to be dried from the supply bin 119A via the conveyor 119B.
The speed of the conveyor belt at the first drying station is arranged such that the moisture content of the hemp leaves and/or flower buds can be lowered to the desired reduced within a duration of travel of the leaves/flower buds reach from an input end 152 of the perforated conveyor belt, where the leaves/flower buds enter a drying chamber defined by the first drying station, to a discharge end 154 of the conveyor belt.
Still referring to Figure 9, after the first drying step the leaves and/or flower buds are transferred from the first drying station 121 via conveyor 156 to the screener 133. Seeds which are separated from the dried material are transferred from a distinct discharge of the screener 133 via conveyor 158 to a collection bin 159 for the seeds.
The screened hemp leaves and/or flower buds free of seeds are discharged at a distinct location from the seeds and are transferred via conveyor 162 to the pellet mill 129 to be pelletized, in other words formed into pellets.
The pellets formed from the leaves and/or flower buds are discharged from the pellet mill 129 onto conveyor 164 for subsequent delivery to the second drying station 125.
In the illustrated arrangement, the second drying station 125 is a ventilated storage facility and has a larger capacity than the first drying station for drying a larger amount of the leaves and/or the flower buds than the first drying station. This allows the first drying station 121 in the form of the belt dryer, which is a generally specialized unit with dedicated functionality and which has limited capacity, to continuously accept more material to be dried as material already subject to the first drying step continues to be displaced through the first drying station 121.
The partially

51 dried hemp material exiting the first drying station 121 may then continuously accumulate at the second drying station 125 which operates for a longer time to lower the moisture content of the leaves and/or flower buds to that of the cured condition.
More specifically, the ventilated storage facility of the illustrated arrangement comprises at least one ventilated storage bin. For example, the storage bin is a grain bin with apparatus known commercially as an air rocket, which is basically an upstanding centrally located perforated pipe which acts to duct the ventilation air from a fan through an interior of the grain bin. A heater may be operatively associated with the ducting so as to heat the ventilation air which is generated by the fan to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature outside the bin, so as to increase a rate of drying at the second drying station. Typically, the temperature of the ventilation air circulated through the bin is lower than the temperature of the air applied to the leaves and/or flower buds at the first drying station, such that the rate of drying is much lower at the second drying station than at the first drying station.
Furthermore, moisture sensors are disposed inside the grain bin for measuring moisture therein. The sensors can be operatively communicated with a mobile device to display moisture content measured by the sensors in the bin. In other arrangements which are not shown, the ventilated storage facility may be a warehouse or another type of generally enclosed building, with ventilated flooring.
Therefore, there is provided an arrangement for preparing leaves and/or flower buds of hemp plants for storage and possible future oil extraction in an economical and efficient manner, in which the leaves and/or flower buds substantially retain cannabinoid oil therein.
Since various modifications can be made in my invention as herein above described, and many apparently widely different embodiments of same made, it is

52 intended that all matter contained in the accompanying specification shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.

Claims (17)

CLAIMS:

1. A method for processing leaves or flower buds of hemp plants, the leaves or flower buds having cannabinoid oil therein, the method comprising:
after the leaves or the flower buds are separated from stalks of hemp plants, forced-air drying the leaves or the flower buds, at a first drying station, from an initial moisture content of about 15% or higher to a reduced moisture content of no greater than about 10%, at which the leaves or the flower buds are decomposable, by applying air heated to a temperature of no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit for about 24 hours or less such that the leaves or the flower buds retain the cannabinoid oil therein; and at a second drying station, further drying the leaves or the flower buds so as to become cured, wherein the leaves or flower buds have a prescribed moisture content below 5% at which the leaves or the flower buds cannot decompose while still retaining the cannabinoid oil therein, by circulating air through the leaves or the flower buds for one or more days.

2. The method of claim 1 further including pelletizing the leaves or the flower buds after forced-air drying at the first drying station but before further drying at the second drying station.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein pelletizing is performed at no greater than about 130 degrees Fahrenheit.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3 further including screening the leaves or the flower buds to remove seeds of the hemp plants after forced-air drying at the first drying station but before pelletizing.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the second drying station is a ventilated storage facility.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the ventilated storage facility comprises a ventilated storage bin.

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the first drying station is a belt dryer having a perforated conveyor belt for supporting the leaves or the flower buds during movement through the belt dryer.

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the second drying station has a larger capacity than the first drying station for drying a larger amount of the leaves or the flower buds than the first drying station.

9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 further including, before forced-air drying at the first drying station:
baling the leaves or the flower buds to form at least one bale thereof with substantially no air pockets in each bale;
wrapping said at least one bale in fluid impermeable material to prevent air from penetrating into said at least one bale;
storing said at least one wrapped bale for one or more days; and after unwrapping said at least one wrapped bale, shredding said at least one bale to reduce said at least one bale to particles of a size suited for passing to the first drying station.

10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein forced-air drying at the first drying station is performed for a duration of no greater than about 4 hours.

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein further drying at the second drying station is performed for a duration of about 4 to 5 days.

12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein forced-air drying at the first drying station is performed until the moisture content of the leaves or the flower buds is between about 5% to about 8%.

13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein further drying at the second drying station is performed until the moisture content is about 3%
or less.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13 further including, after further drying at the second drying station, storing the leaves or flower buds for one or more days.

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14 further including crushing the leaves or the flower buds after further drying at the second drying station.

16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15 further including extracting the cannabinoid oil from the leaves or flower buds after further drying at the second drying station.

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the initial moisture content of the leaves or the flower buds is between about 30% to about 80%.