CA2866779C - A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate - Google Patents
A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2866779C CA2866779C CA2866779A CA2866779A CA2866779C CA 2866779 C CA2866779 C CA 2866779C CA 2866779 A CA2866779 A CA 2866779A CA 2866779 A CA2866779 A CA 2866779A CA 2866779 C CA2866779 C CA 2866779C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- insulation substrate
- porous insulation
- dye
- solar cell
- sensitized solar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
- H01G9/0032—Processes of manufacture formation of the dielectric layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2081—Serial interconnection of cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2095—Light-sensitive devices comprising a flexible sustrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
- H10K71/611—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes using printing deposition, e.g. ink jet printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell including a working electrode (1), a first conducting layer (3) for extracting photo-generated electrons from the working electrode, a porous insulation substrate (4) made of a microfibers, wherein the first conducting layer is a porous conducting layer formed on one side of the porous insulation substrate, a counter electrode including a second conducting layer (2) arranged on the opposite side of the porous substrate, and electrolyte for transferring electrons from the counter electrode to the working electrode. The porous insulation substrate comprises a layer (5) of woven microfibers and a layer (6) of non-woven microfibers disposed on the layer of woven microfibers. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a dye-sensitized solar cell.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE1230033-1 | 2012-04-04 | ||
| SE1230033A SE537669C2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2012-04-04 | Dye-sensitized solar cell module with series-linked structural method for producing the solar cell |
| SE1200791A SE537449C2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2012-12-28 | A dye-sensitized solar cell containing a porous insulating substrate and a method of producing the porous insulating substrate |
| SE1200791-0 | 2012-12-28 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/054790 WO2013149789A2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-08 | A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2866779A1 CA2866779A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
| CA2866779C true CA2866779C (en) | 2021-07-27 |
Family
ID=47901048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2866779A Active CA2866779C (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-08 | A dye-sensitized solar cell including a porous insulation substrate and a method for producing the porous insulation substrate |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US9190218B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2834824B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5978385B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101675658B1 (en) |
| CN (3) | CN104221108B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013242933B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112014024935B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2866779C (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2761201T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX340471B (en) |
| RU (2) | RU2654521C1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE537449C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013149789A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201406791B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10964486B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2021-03-30 | Exeger Operations Ab | Dye-sensitized solar cell unit and a photovoltaic charger including the solar cell unit |
| EP3598465A1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-22 | Exeger Operations AB | Photovoltaic cell with fiber mesh support and charger for portable electronics |
| SE537836C2 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2015-11-03 | Exeger Sweden Ab | A transparent dye-sensitized solar cell and a way of producing it |
| KR101554992B1 (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-09-23 | 한국전기연구원 | Dye-sensitized solar cell including a woven of fibers |
| KR102310356B1 (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2021-10-07 | 한국전기연구원 | Insertable and dye-sensitized solar cell electrode for short circuit prevention |
| EP3503141B1 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2022-01-26 | Exeger Operations AB | A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the solar cell |
| CN112119478B (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2021-07-30 | 埃塞格运营公司 | Photovoltaic device |
| TWI780213B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2022-10-11 | 瑞典商艾克瑟格操作公司 | A photovoltaic charger for charging an electronic device, a method for producing the photovoltaic charger, and use of the photovoltaic charger for charging an electronic device |
| CN109004089B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-02-18 | 华南理工大学 | Method for fabricating rollable nanopaper-based flexible solar cells by 3D aerogel jet printing |
| CN113224316B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2022-07-08 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery and electrode member thereof |
| PL4060698T3 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2023-09-18 | Exeger Operations Ab | SOLAR CELL CONTAINING MULTIPLE POROUS LAYERS AND A CARRIER FOR CONDUCTING CHARGE PENETRATING THE POROUS LAYERS |
| EP4060699A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-21 | Exeger Operations AB | A solar cell and a method for manufacturing the solar cell |
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| GB1603519A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1981-11-25 | Process Scient Innovations | Filter elements for gas or liquid and methods of making such filters |
| US4293378A (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1981-10-06 | Max Klein | Enhanced wet strength filter mats to separate particulates from fluids and/or coalesce entrained droplets from gases |
| US4397907A (en) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-08-09 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Multi-purpose air permeable composites |
| US4734208A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1988-03-29 | Pall Corporation | Charge-modified microfiber filter sheets |
| US4885217A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-12-05 | Alupower, Inc. | Air cathodes and materials therefor |
| ES2085269T3 (en) * | 1989-04-14 | 1996-06-01 | Katayama Tokushu Kogyo Kk | PROCEDURE TO MANUFACTURE A POROUS METAL SHEET. |
| JPH076077B2 (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1995-01-25 | 片山特殊工業株式会社 | Method for producing porous metal body and porous metal body produced by the method |
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| EP0859386A1 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-19 | Monsanto Company | Photovoltaic cell |
| ATE255145T1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2003-12-15 | Asahi Chemical Ind | POLYESTER RESIN COMPOSITION |
| US20080011350A1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2008-01-17 | Daniel Luch | Collector grid, electrode structures and interconnect structures for photovoltaic arrays and other optoelectric devices |
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| US20020123283A1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-09-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Foam materials derived from high internal phase emulsions for clothing insulation |
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| WO2004037387A2 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-06 | Bayer Charlene W | Filters and methods of making and using the same |
| US20040224594A1 (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2004-11-11 | Choi Wai Ming | Low density nonwoven glass fiber web |
| JP2005158470A (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-16 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
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| JP2005317453A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Dye-sensitized solar cell and its manufacturing method |
| US20060166582A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Turkson Abraham K | Composite higher temperature needlefelts with woven fiberglass scrims |
| JP4863662B2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2012-01-25 | シャープ株式会社 | Dye-sensitized solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
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-
2012
- 2012-12-28 SE SE1200791A patent/SE537449C2/en unknown
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2013
- 2013-03-08 CN CN201380017889.8A patent/CN104221108B/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 JP JP2015503797A patent/JP5978385B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 KR KR1020147030945A patent/KR101675658B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 AU AU2013242933A patent/AU2013242933B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 RU RU2016151318A patent/RU2654521C1/en active
- 2013-03-08 BR BR112014024935-0A patent/BR112014024935B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-03-08 MX MX2014012018A patent/MX340471B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-03-08 CN CN201510083212.5A patent/CN104637693B/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 EP EP13710341.2A patent/EP2834824B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 WO PCT/EP2013/054790 patent/WO2013149789A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-08 EP EP16203369.0A patent/EP3159155B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 CA CA2866779A patent/CA2866779C/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 RU RU2014144280A patent/RU2609775C2/en active
- 2013-03-08 ES ES13710341T patent/ES2761201T3/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 US US14/390,804 patent/US9190218B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 ES ES16203369T patent/ES2902708T3/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 CN CN201710068087.XA patent/CN106847515A/en active Pending
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2014
- 2014-09-16 ZA ZA2014/06791A patent/ZA201406791B/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-10-09 US US14/879,668 patent/US10256047B2/en active Active
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2017
- 2017-05-03 US US15/585,549 patent/US10249445B2/en active Active
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