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CA2724255A1 - Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces - Google Patents

Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2724255A1
CA2724255A1 CA2724255A CA2724255A CA2724255A1 CA 2724255 A1 CA2724255 A1 CA 2724255A1 CA 2724255 A CA2724255 A CA 2724255A CA 2724255 A CA2724255 A CA 2724255A CA 2724255 A1 CA2724255 A1 CA 2724255A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
loop
refrigeration system
heat
evaporation
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CA2724255A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2724255C (en
Inventor
Serge Dube
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2724255A1 publication Critical patent/CA2724255A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2724255C publication Critical patent/CA2724255C/en
Priority to US13/247,562 priority Critical patent/US20120073319A1/en
Priority to US15/091,082 priority patent/US20160245575A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for ice rinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

A CO2 refrigeration system comprises a condensation reservoir. CO2 refrigerant is accumulated in the reservoir. The CO2 refrigerant circulates between supracompression and evaporation loops. The supracompression loop comprises a compression stage for compression CO2 refrigerant to a supracompression state, a cooling stage in which CO2 refrigerant releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the condensation reservoir. The pressure-regulating unit maintains a pressure differential between the cooling stage and the condensation reservoir. The evaporation loop comprises an evaporation stage in which CO2 refrigerant from the condensation reservoir absorbs heat in a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit. A second refrigerant cycles in the ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit. The CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger. A CO2 condensation exchanger is also provided.

Claims (26)

  1. CLAIMS:

    l. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated and circulates between a supracompression loop and an evaporation loop;
    the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir absorbs heat in a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit in which cycles a second refrigerant, such that the CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger.
  2. 2. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
  3. 3. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 3, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
  4. 4. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 3, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of amount of CO2 refrigerant.
  5. 5. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
  6. 6. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant therein.
  7. 7. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a geothermal well loop in heat exchange relation evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
  8. 8. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a line extending from the evaporation stage to at least one of the CO2 condensation reservoir and the compression stage of the supracompression loop, to direct the CO2 refrigerant exiting the evaporation stage thereat.
  9. 9. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
  10. 10. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation exchanger for heat exchange between a supra-compression loop of CO2 refrigerant and an evaporation loop of CO2 refrigerant;
    the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant having absorbed heat in the condensation exchanger is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the condensation exchanger to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop comprising a condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant having released heat in the condensation exchanger is accumulated in a liquid state, and an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the condensation reservoir absorbs heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to one of the condensation reservoir and the condensation exchanger.
  11. 11. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the evaporation stage of the evaporation loop comprises a heat exchanger being connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit in which cycles a second refrigerant, such that the CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger.
  12. 12. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the evaporation stage of the evaporation loop comprises pipes under the ice-playing surface in which circulates the CO2 refrigerant to refrigerate the ice-playing surface.
  13. 13. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 12, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant in a liquid state in the pipes under the ice-playing surface.
  14. 14. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
  15. 15. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 14, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
  16. 16. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 15, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of CO2 refrigerant.
  17. 17. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
  18. 18. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, further comprising a geothermal well loop in heat-exchange relation with the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
  19. 19. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 10-18, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
  20. 20. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated and circulates between a supracompression loop and an evaporation loop;
    the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween;
    the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage of pipes under an ice-playing surface in which circulates the CO2 refrigerant to absorb heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to the CO2 condensation reservoir; and a geothermal well loop in heat-exchange relation with the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of one of the evaporation loop and the compression loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
  21. 21. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant in a liquid state in the pipes under the ice-playing surface.
  22. 22. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
  23. 23. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 22, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
  24. 24. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 23, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of CO2 refrigerant.
  25. 25. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
  26. 26. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 20-25, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
CA2724255A 2010-09-28 2010-12-17 Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces Active CA2724255C (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/247,562 US20120073319A1 (en) 2010-09-28 2011-09-28 Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces
US15/091,082 US20160245575A1 (en) 2010-09-28 2016-04-05 Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38708710P 2010-09-28 2010-09-28
US61/387,087 2010-09-28
US41598210P 2010-11-22 2010-11-22
US61/415,982 2010-11-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2724255A1 true CA2724255A1 (en) 2011-03-03
CA2724255C CA2724255C (en) 2011-09-13

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ID=43646041

Family Applications (1)

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CA2724255A Active CA2724255C (en) 2010-09-28 2010-12-17 Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces

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US (2) US20120073319A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2724255C (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9194615B2 (en) 2013-04-05 2015-11-24 Marc-Andre Lesmerises CO2 cooling system and method for operating same
US11656005B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2023-05-23 Gestion Marc-André Lesmerises Inc. CO2 cooling system and method for operating same

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DK177329B1 (en) 2011-06-16 2013-01-14 Advansor As Refrigeration system
AU2013259907B2 (en) * 2012-05-11 2017-08-17 Hill Phoenix, Inc. CO2 refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning module
BR112015027590B1 (en) 2013-05-03 2022-05-31 Hill Phoenix, Inc SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PRESSURE OF A CO2 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
US9822993B2 (en) * 2013-12-03 2017-11-21 Systemes Lmp Inc. Transcritical R744 refrigeration system for skating rinks with total condensation and without flash-gas bypass
WO2017023632A1 (en) * 2015-08-03 2017-02-09 Hill Phoenix, Inc. C02 refrigeration system with direct c02 heat exchange
US11125483B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2021-09-21 Hill Phoenix, Inc. Refrigeration system with condenser temperature differential setpoint control
US11796227B2 (en) 2018-05-24 2023-10-24 Hill Phoenix, Inc. Refrigeration system with oil control system
US11397032B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2022-07-26 Hill Phoenix, Inc. CO2 refrigeration system with magnetic refrigeration system cooling
US10663201B2 (en) 2018-10-23 2020-05-26 Hill Phoenix, Inc. CO2 refrigeration system with supercritical subcooling control
CN110285596A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-09-27 山东神舟制冷设备有限公司 A Pure CO2 Ice Skating Rink Refrigeration System
CN115060027B (en) * 2022-04-13 2023-09-01 天津大学 Ice rink refrigeration method, device, system and storage medium
US12487017B2 (en) 2023-06-02 2025-12-02 Hill Phoenix, Inc. CO2 refrigeration system with supercritical subcooling control

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US5319945A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-06-14 American Standard Inc. Method and apparatus for non-atmospheric venting of evaporator over-pressure in a refrigeration system
US5575159A (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-11-19 Dittell; Edward W. Heat energy transfer system
US5826433A (en) * 1997-03-25 1998-10-27 Dube; Serge Refrigeration system with heat reclaim and efficiency control modulating valve
US6796139B2 (en) * 2003-02-27 2004-09-28 Layne Christensen Company Method and apparatus for artificial ground freezing
WO2006022829A1 (en) * 2004-08-09 2006-03-02 Carrier Corporation Co2 refrigeration circuit with sub-cooling of the liquid refrigerant against the receiver flash gas and method for operating the same
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AU2005327954A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-31 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration circuit with improved liquid/vapour receiver
WO2010045743A1 (en) * 2008-10-23 2010-04-29 Dube Serge Co2 refrigeration system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9194615B2 (en) 2013-04-05 2015-11-24 Marc-Andre Lesmerises CO2 cooling system and method for operating same
US11656005B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2023-05-23 Gestion Marc-André Lesmerises Inc. CO2 cooling system and method for operating same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2724255C (en) 2011-09-13
US20120073319A1 (en) 2012-03-29
US20160245575A1 (en) 2016-08-25

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