CA2586187A1 - Use of arabinoxylanns in the form of additives for producing paper - Google Patents
Use of arabinoxylanns in the form of additives for producing paper Download PDFInfo
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- CA2586187A1 CA2586187A1 CA002586187A CA2586187A CA2586187A1 CA 2586187 A1 CA2586187 A1 CA 2586187A1 CA 002586187 A CA002586187 A CA 002586187A CA 2586187 A CA2586187 A CA 2586187A CA 2586187 A1 CA2586187 A1 CA 2586187A1
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- pulp
- arabinoxylan
- paper
- strength
- xylan
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/22—Proteins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the ose of arabinoxylans in the form of additives for producing paper.
Description
WW 5642-Foreign Countries The use of arabinoxylans as additive in paper production The present invention concerns the use of arabinoxylans as additive in paper production.
The mechanical properties of paper are influenced by a series of different parameters of a chemical and physical nature. Several theories to explain the tear resistance properties of paper have been suggested, most of which emphasise the special relevance of fibre-fibre bonding. Amongst the most frequently cited is the theory that includes the factors of interfibre bonding force of the bonded surface and the length of the fibre.
It is generally agreed that the hemicelluloses native to the pulp improves the tear resistance and contributes to the formation of stronger fibre bonding. Depending upon the raw material and the pulping method, these hemicelluloses are modified greatly during pulp preparation and are destroyed to a considerable extent.
The use of xylans as additive in paper manufacture is basically known. Thus Naterova et al.
(Papir a celuloza, 41, (7-8), V23-V30, 1986) describe the addition of 2% maize xylan to packaging paper. In this way the flexural strength is increased by about 172%
by the addition of 2% xylan.
DE 44 09 372 Al, US 5 810 972 and WO 2004/031477 Al describe the addition of highly refined birch pulp and Lenzing xylan in the range of 0.005 to 0.14% (WO
2004/031477 Al) or 0.15 to 1.5% (US 5 810 972, DE 44 09 372 Al) to tissue products. A positive effect of the xylans and xylan-rich, highly refined birch pulp on the softness of the tissue product and the behaviour of the paper web on the drying drum is described. The breaking strength was increased by 15 to 73% in the machine way and'17 to 90% transverse to the direction of travel. Allegedly the behaviour of the dry end was positively influence but not reported numerically, but assessed according to the experience of the paper maker.
In the aforementioned applications the use of xylans from the raw material wood and its secondary product pulp is discussed. In particular, the use of acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from deciduous wood and arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from coniferous wood is cited. The examples on the use of xylans cites Lenzing xylan. This WW 5642-Foreign Countries product is obtained by alkaline extraction of beech wood pulp in the viscose process and exhibits only a low degree of polymerisation of about 35.
Consequently different xylans have been investigated in respect of their attributes for the fibre properties or as paper additive. However, the work cited shows that an improvement in tear length is associated with a deterioration in other strength properties or in an unacceptable deterioration in optical properties.
There is therefore still the requirement for a cost-effective paper additive that brings about an improvement in paper properties, in particular strength, bulk and optical properties.
It has now been surprisingly found that the addition of arabinoxylans to pulp during paper production brings about a significant improvement in paper properties. By the use of arabinoxylan the tear length, the tear resistance and the bulk, i.e. the volume of the paper, is improved. The improvement in the bulk improves both the strength properties and the optical properties of the paper. Surprisingly a significantly greater improvement of the paper properties is achieved in comparison to other xylans such as 4-0-methylglucuronoxylans from deciduous wood or Lenzing xylans.
The subject matter of the invention is therefore the use of arabinoxylans as additive in paper manufacture.
Suitable arabinoxylans are polysaccharides that are present in, for example, different annual plants and agricultural residues such as oat husks, straw or maize. The arabinoxylans can be obtained by different extraction techniques, e.g. with water, steam or solvents with the aid of the most different of auxiliary chemicals, as well as by enzymatic isolation and purification steps. Preferably alkali-extracted arabinoxylans are used, especially arabinoxylans from oat husks that can be obtained, for example, by extraction of oat husks with aqueous alkali solution, separation of the alkaline extract and subsequent precipitation of the alkaline extract in a precipitation bath of water and a water-miscible organic solvent A, with the alkaline extract not neutralised before precipitation.
WW 5642-ForeiQn Countries The special feature of the arabinoxylans from oat husks in comparison to xylans from deciduous wood and coniferous wood is that they have a comparably high number of arabinose substituents but not the 4-O-methylglucuronic acids occurring in deciduous and coniferous xylans. In comparison to xylans from pulp such as the Lenzing xylans, the arabinoxylans exhibit a much higher chain length.
Within the context of the present invention arabinoxylans are understood to be such xylans that bear 5 to 20% (w/w relative to the whole sample), preferably 7 to 15%, most preferably 8 to 13% arabinose substituents in their main chain and less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, most preferably less than 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid substituents (chromatographic sugar determination after acid hydrolysis).
Arabinoxylans that are obtained by extraction of oat husks with aqueous alkaline solution with isolation of an alkaline extract and subsequent precipitation of the alkaline extract in a precipitation bath of water with a water-miscible organic solvent A with the alkaline extract not neutralised before precipitation are particularly preferred. Such arabinoxylans exhibit a chain length of at least 100 also after a possible bleaching stage. Usually the chain lengths of these arabinoxylans lie in the range 120 to 240.
A further subject matter of the invention is a method for the preparation of cellulose pulps comprised of contact with a concentrated solution or suspension of an arabinoxylan with pulp or stock system that contains pulp.
In one embodiment of the invention the arabinoxylan solution or suspension is added to the fibre suspension before sheet making. The action of the arabinoxylan is also carried out in combination with other paper chemicals which are added to the fibre before, after or together with the arabinoxylan. In this way the use of arabinoxylan is advantageous for the most different of products in the paper industry.
Other normal paper chemicals are for example wet-strength agents, fillers, retention agents, fixatives, defoamers, deaerators, sizing agents, optical brighteners and colours.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries A homogeneous solution or suspension of the arabinoxylan can be achieved, for example, by intense mechanical loading such as stirring, by the effect of temperature or with the help of chemicals, preferably basic chemicals such as alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides, preferably NaOH. The concentration of the arabinoxylan solution or suspension can be varied over a wide range of 0.1 to 40% (w/w). Preferred is the range of 0.1 to 25% (w/w), especially preferred is the range from 0.5% to 10% (w/w).
The arabinoxylan solution or suspension can be incubated with the pulp and the desired paper auxiliaries and additives in high pulp density (solids content) of up to 20%
before the pulp enters the headbox of the paper machine. Then by squeezing out the supematant solution any unabsorbed chemicals can be used for the next batch.
In a further embodiment of the invention the pulp is mixed with the additives and the arabinoxylan solution or suspension in any desired sequence in the headbox, that is immediately before entry into the machine for paper production. The addition of the arabinoxylan in the headbox usually achieves better results than the pevious incubation with the pulp.
In a further embodiment of the invention the arabinoxylan solution or suspension is added to the pulp suspension before the refinement of the pulp fibres.
Usually after achieving the optimal quantities no further increase in strength and bulk is achieved by further increase in the amount of arabinoxylan in a product formulation. The optimal amount is dependent upon which other paper auxiliaries are used in the mass so that that the amount of arabinoxylan used relative to pulp can be varied in a wide range of 0.1 % to 40% (w/w). Preferably, however, an amount between 0.5 and 10% arabinoxylan is used.
Usually with the use of paper additives the optimal increase in strength is achieved at even lower arabinoxylan concentration.
The invention is illustrated but not limited in the following by a number of embodiment examples.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Examples Unless otherwise stated in the following examples the compositions of xylans are given as %
w/w relative to the whole sample, determined by chromatographic sugar determination after acid hydrolysis.
Example 1 (of the invention) An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating with formation of a 5% solution. 20 G
coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution in the amounts given in Table 1. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water were used in each case for suspension of the pulp. After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1% in each case. The experimental batches were all incubated for 2 h at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). Testing for strength was carried out in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 1 Amount of arabinoxylan Tear length (m) in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 3473 22.5 3935 37.5 4199 The data in Table 1 show that in comparison with the reference pulp without xylan the pulp treated with arabinoxylan from oat husks exhibited considerably higher strength. The tear WW 5642-Foreign Countries lengths increased with increasing xylan amounts. The greatest increase in tear length by addition of arabinoxylan from oat husks is 1465 m.
Example 2 (Comparison example) A 4-0-methylglucuronoxylan from birch wood (no arabinose side chains, 8.8%
molar ratio 4-0-methylglucuronic acid relative to xylose units, determined by 1H NMR, DP ca.
95) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. 20 G coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water were used to suspend the pulp.
After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1 % in each case. The experimental batches were each incubated for 2 hr at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method) Testing for strength was carried in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 2 Amount of 4-0- Tear length (m) methylglucuronoxylan in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 2983 22.5 3126 37.5 3189 The data in Table 2 show that the 4-0-methylglucuronoxylan acid from birch wood can bring about only a very small increase in strength. The action of this xylan is less that 31 % of the action of arabinoxylan from oat husks.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Experiment 3 (comparison example) The Lenzing xylan from beech wood pulp (no arabinose side chains, 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca. 35) was dissolved in water with heating as 5%
solution. 20 G
coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water used to suspend the pulp. After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1 %
in each case. The experimental batches were incubated for 2 hr at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). Testing for strength was carried out in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
The data in Table 3 show that the "Lenzing xylan" from beech wood pulp can bring about only a very small increase in strength. The action of this xylan is less that 36% of the action of arabinoxylan from oat husks.
Table 3 Amount of Lenzing xylan Tear length (m) in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 3010 22.5 3000 37.5 3260 Example 4 An arabinoxylan (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid DP ca. 160) from oat husks was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A coniferous sulfite pulp was then WW 5642-Foreign Countries refined for 2.5 min. in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid Kothen method). The arabinoxylan solutions were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.67 1 with a pulp density of 0.24%. The respective amounts of arabinoxylan solution was added. After 5 min portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature. Testing for strength was carried out according to ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 4 Influence of arabinoxylan from oat husks on the tear length of coniferous sulfite pulp. The arabinoxylan treatment took place at a pulp density of 0.24% after refinement of the pulp.
Amount of arabinoxylan Tear length (m) % (w/w) rel. to pulp Reference 2830 4.7 3759 9.4 4216 28.1 4031 The tear length can be improved by more than 1000 m by the addition of arabinoxylan from oat husks compared to the reference. With this method of addition the increases in strength can be achieved with low usage of arabinoxylan.
Example 5 An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A coniferous sulfite pulp was then refined for 2.5 min. in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). The xylan solutions were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.671 WW 5642-Foreign Countries with a pulp density of 0.24%. A cationic polyamide-epichlorhydrin resin was added as paper auxiliary and stirred into the suspension for 5 min. The dosage of the paper additive corresponded constantly to a charge density of 0.013 meq/g pulp in all experiments carried out. Next the respective arabinoxylan solution was added. After 5 min portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature. Testing for strength was carried out according to IS01974 (DIN EN
21974).
Table 5 Influence of arabinoxylan from oat husks on the tear length of coniferous sulfite pulp with concomitant use of a paper additive. The arabinoxylan treatment took place at a pulp density of 0.24% after refinement of the pulp.
Amount of xylan Arabinoxylan with paper % (w/w) rel. to pulp additive Tear length (m) Reference 3944 0.09 3992 0.93 4698 2.3 5486 4.7 5629 7.0 5710 9.4 5728 The tear length can again be significantly increased by the addition of arabinoxylan compared to the reference. It can be clearly seen from the reference that through the use of the paper additive the strength generally lies at a higher level. In regard to the effect of the arabinoxylan a synergistic effect emerges in the interaction with the paper additive. The increases in the tear length are now up to as much as ca. 1800 m. The higher increases in strength are even effective at lower amounts of arabinoxylan than in the experiments without paper additive.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Example 6 An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A beech wood sulfite pulp was then refined for 2.5 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO
5264-3 and laboratory sheets were prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). The arabinoxylan solutions at 9.4% (relative to pulp) were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.67 1 with a pulp density of 0.24%. 5 Min after addition of the arabinoxylan solution portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature.
Testing for strength was carried out according to IS01974 (DIN EN 21974).
Light scattering coefficients were determined according to Instruction SCAN C 27:76.
The experiments showed that not only the tensile strength of the pulp was increase by arabinoxylan addition, but also the tear strength. The tear-tensile plot allows combined viewing of the tensile strength and tear strength of all samples from the refmement series (Figure 1, Effect of arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.38% relative to pulp) on the tear-tensile plot of beech sulfite pulp). It is obvious that the samples show clearly better values in both strengths by the addition of the arabinoxylan such that the whole curve is displaced to a higher level.
The specific volume of the pulp is characterised by the bulk, which is plotted in Figure 2 against the tensile breaking strength (Effect of arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.38% relative to pulp) on the bulk-tensile plot of beech sulfite pulp). It is clear that the curve for the different points of the degree of refinement is displaced to higher bulk values. In order to produce a product with the desired strength a higher sheet volume can be produced by the addition of the arabinozylan. The increased bulk leads to an increase in the light scattering coefficients and thus to improved optical properties.
The mechanical properties of paper are influenced by a series of different parameters of a chemical and physical nature. Several theories to explain the tear resistance properties of paper have been suggested, most of which emphasise the special relevance of fibre-fibre bonding. Amongst the most frequently cited is the theory that includes the factors of interfibre bonding force of the bonded surface and the length of the fibre.
It is generally agreed that the hemicelluloses native to the pulp improves the tear resistance and contributes to the formation of stronger fibre bonding. Depending upon the raw material and the pulping method, these hemicelluloses are modified greatly during pulp preparation and are destroyed to a considerable extent.
The use of xylans as additive in paper manufacture is basically known. Thus Naterova et al.
(Papir a celuloza, 41, (7-8), V23-V30, 1986) describe the addition of 2% maize xylan to packaging paper. In this way the flexural strength is increased by about 172%
by the addition of 2% xylan.
DE 44 09 372 Al, US 5 810 972 and WO 2004/031477 Al describe the addition of highly refined birch pulp and Lenzing xylan in the range of 0.005 to 0.14% (WO
2004/031477 Al) or 0.15 to 1.5% (US 5 810 972, DE 44 09 372 Al) to tissue products. A positive effect of the xylans and xylan-rich, highly refined birch pulp on the softness of the tissue product and the behaviour of the paper web on the drying drum is described. The breaking strength was increased by 15 to 73% in the machine way and'17 to 90% transverse to the direction of travel. Allegedly the behaviour of the dry end was positively influence but not reported numerically, but assessed according to the experience of the paper maker.
In the aforementioned applications the use of xylans from the raw material wood and its secondary product pulp is discussed. In particular, the use of acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from deciduous wood and arabino-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from coniferous wood is cited. The examples on the use of xylans cites Lenzing xylan. This WW 5642-Foreign Countries product is obtained by alkaline extraction of beech wood pulp in the viscose process and exhibits only a low degree of polymerisation of about 35.
Consequently different xylans have been investigated in respect of their attributes for the fibre properties or as paper additive. However, the work cited shows that an improvement in tear length is associated with a deterioration in other strength properties or in an unacceptable deterioration in optical properties.
There is therefore still the requirement for a cost-effective paper additive that brings about an improvement in paper properties, in particular strength, bulk and optical properties.
It has now been surprisingly found that the addition of arabinoxylans to pulp during paper production brings about a significant improvement in paper properties. By the use of arabinoxylan the tear length, the tear resistance and the bulk, i.e. the volume of the paper, is improved. The improvement in the bulk improves both the strength properties and the optical properties of the paper. Surprisingly a significantly greater improvement of the paper properties is achieved in comparison to other xylans such as 4-0-methylglucuronoxylans from deciduous wood or Lenzing xylans.
The subject matter of the invention is therefore the use of arabinoxylans as additive in paper manufacture.
Suitable arabinoxylans are polysaccharides that are present in, for example, different annual plants and agricultural residues such as oat husks, straw or maize. The arabinoxylans can be obtained by different extraction techniques, e.g. with water, steam or solvents with the aid of the most different of auxiliary chemicals, as well as by enzymatic isolation and purification steps. Preferably alkali-extracted arabinoxylans are used, especially arabinoxylans from oat husks that can be obtained, for example, by extraction of oat husks with aqueous alkali solution, separation of the alkaline extract and subsequent precipitation of the alkaline extract in a precipitation bath of water and a water-miscible organic solvent A, with the alkaline extract not neutralised before precipitation.
WW 5642-ForeiQn Countries The special feature of the arabinoxylans from oat husks in comparison to xylans from deciduous wood and coniferous wood is that they have a comparably high number of arabinose substituents but not the 4-O-methylglucuronic acids occurring in deciduous and coniferous xylans. In comparison to xylans from pulp such as the Lenzing xylans, the arabinoxylans exhibit a much higher chain length.
Within the context of the present invention arabinoxylans are understood to be such xylans that bear 5 to 20% (w/w relative to the whole sample), preferably 7 to 15%, most preferably 8 to 13% arabinose substituents in their main chain and less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, most preferably less than 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid substituents (chromatographic sugar determination after acid hydrolysis).
Arabinoxylans that are obtained by extraction of oat husks with aqueous alkaline solution with isolation of an alkaline extract and subsequent precipitation of the alkaline extract in a precipitation bath of water with a water-miscible organic solvent A with the alkaline extract not neutralised before precipitation are particularly preferred. Such arabinoxylans exhibit a chain length of at least 100 also after a possible bleaching stage. Usually the chain lengths of these arabinoxylans lie in the range 120 to 240.
A further subject matter of the invention is a method for the preparation of cellulose pulps comprised of contact with a concentrated solution or suspension of an arabinoxylan with pulp or stock system that contains pulp.
In one embodiment of the invention the arabinoxylan solution or suspension is added to the fibre suspension before sheet making. The action of the arabinoxylan is also carried out in combination with other paper chemicals which are added to the fibre before, after or together with the arabinoxylan. In this way the use of arabinoxylan is advantageous for the most different of products in the paper industry.
Other normal paper chemicals are for example wet-strength agents, fillers, retention agents, fixatives, defoamers, deaerators, sizing agents, optical brighteners and colours.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries A homogeneous solution or suspension of the arabinoxylan can be achieved, for example, by intense mechanical loading such as stirring, by the effect of temperature or with the help of chemicals, preferably basic chemicals such as alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides, preferably NaOH. The concentration of the arabinoxylan solution or suspension can be varied over a wide range of 0.1 to 40% (w/w). Preferred is the range of 0.1 to 25% (w/w), especially preferred is the range from 0.5% to 10% (w/w).
The arabinoxylan solution or suspension can be incubated with the pulp and the desired paper auxiliaries and additives in high pulp density (solids content) of up to 20%
before the pulp enters the headbox of the paper machine. Then by squeezing out the supematant solution any unabsorbed chemicals can be used for the next batch.
In a further embodiment of the invention the pulp is mixed with the additives and the arabinoxylan solution or suspension in any desired sequence in the headbox, that is immediately before entry into the machine for paper production. The addition of the arabinoxylan in the headbox usually achieves better results than the pevious incubation with the pulp.
In a further embodiment of the invention the arabinoxylan solution or suspension is added to the pulp suspension before the refinement of the pulp fibres.
Usually after achieving the optimal quantities no further increase in strength and bulk is achieved by further increase in the amount of arabinoxylan in a product formulation. The optimal amount is dependent upon which other paper auxiliaries are used in the mass so that that the amount of arabinoxylan used relative to pulp can be varied in a wide range of 0.1 % to 40% (w/w). Preferably, however, an amount between 0.5 and 10% arabinoxylan is used.
Usually with the use of paper additives the optimal increase in strength is achieved at even lower arabinoxylan concentration.
The invention is illustrated but not limited in the following by a number of embodiment examples.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Examples Unless otherwise stated in the following examples the compositions of xylans are given as %
w/w relative to the whole sample, determined by chromatographic sugar determination after acid hydrolysis.
Example 1 (of the invention) An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating with formation of a 5% solution. 20 G
coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution in the amounts given in Table 1. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water were used in each case for suspension of the pulp. After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1% in each case. The experimental batches were all incubated for 2 h at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). Testing for strength was carried out in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 1 Amount of arabinoxylan Tear length (m) in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 3473 22.5 3935 37.5 4199 The data in Table 1 show that in comparison with the reference pulp without xylan the pulp treated with arabinoxylan from oat husks exhibited considerably higher strength. The tear WW 5642-Foreign Countries lengths increased with increasing xylan amounts. The greatest increase in tear length by addition of arabinoxylan from oat husks is 1465 m.
Example 2 (Comparison example) A 4-0-methylglucuronoxylan from birch wood (no arabinose side chains, 8.8%
molar ratio 4-0-methylglucuronic acid relative to xylose units, determined by 1H NMR, DP ca.
95) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. 20 G coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water were used to suspend the pulp.
After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1 % in each case. The experimental batches were each incubated for 2 hr at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method) Testing for strength was carried in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 2 Amount of 4-0- Tear length (m) methylglucuronoxylan in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 2983 22.5 3126 37.5 3189 The data in Table 2 show that the 4-0-methylglucuronoxylan acid from birch wood can bring about only a very small increase in strength. The action of this xylan is less that 31 % of the action of arabinoxylan from oat husks.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Experiment 3 (comparison example) The Lenzing xylan from beech wood pulp (no arabinose side chains, 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca. 35) was dissolved in water with heating as 5%
solution. 20 G
coniferous sulfite pulp was suspended in water and treated with the xylan solution. For experiments with higher amounts of xylan solution correspondingly lower amounts of water used to suspend the pulp. After addition of the xylan suspensions the pulp density was 7.1 %
in each case. The experimental batches were incubated for 2 hr at 50 C. After incubation the pulp was filtered off through a nutsch.
The pulp was refined for 2.5 min in a Jockro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets produced in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). Testing for strength was carried out in accordance with ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
The data in Table 3 show that the "Lenzing xylan" from beech wood pulp can bring about only a very small increase in strength. The action of this xylan is less that 36% of the action of arabinoxylan from oat husks.
Table 3 Amount of Lenzing xylan Tear length (m) in % (w/w) rel. to pulp 0 (reference) 2734 7.5 3010 22.5 3000 37.5 3260 Example 4 An arabinoxylan (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid DP ca. 160) from oat husks was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A coniferous sulfite pulp was then WW 5642-Foreign Countries refined for 2.5 min. in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid Kothen method). The arabinoxylan solutions were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.67 1 with a pulp density of 0.24%. The respective amounts of arabinoxylan solution was added. After 5 min portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature. Testing for strength was carried out according to ISO 1974 (DIN EN 21974).
Table 4 Influence of arabinoxylan from oat husks on the tear length of coniferous sulfite pulp. The arabinoxylan treatment took place at a pulp density of 0.24% after refinement of the pulp.
Amount of arabinoxylan Tear length (m) % (w/w) rel. to pulp Reference 2830 4.7 3759 9.4 4216 28.1 4031 The tear length can be improved by more than 1000 m by the addition of arabinoxylan from oat husks compared to the reference. With this method of addition the increases in strength can be achieved with low usage of arabinoxylan.
Example 5 An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A coniferous sulfite pulp was then refined for 2.5 min. in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO 5264-3 and laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). The xylan solutions were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.671 WW 5642-Foreign Countries with a pulp density of 0.24%. A cationic polyamide-epichlorhydrin resin was added as paper auxiliary and stirred into the suspension for 5 min. The dosage of the paper additive corresponded constantly to a charge density of 0.013 meq/g pulp in all experiments carried out. Next the respective arabinoxylan solution was added. After 5 min portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature. Testing for strength was carried out according to IS01974 (DIN EN
21974).
Table 5 Influence of arabinoxylan from oat husks on the tear length of coniferous sulfite pulp with concomitant use of a paper additive. The arabinoxylan treatment took place at a pulp density of 0.24% after refinement of the pulp.
Amount of xylan Arabinoxylan with paper % (w/w) rel. to pulp additive Tear length (m) Reference 3944 0.09 3992 0.93 4698 2.3 5486 4.7 5629 7.0 5710 9.4 5728 The tear length can again be significantly increased by the addition of arabinoxylan compared to the reference. It can be clearly seen from the reference that through the use of the paper additive the strength generally lies at a higher level. In regard to the effect of the arabinoxylan a synergistic effect emerges in the interaction with the paper additive. The increases in the tear length are now up to as much as ca. 1800 m. The higher increases in strength are even effective at lower amounts of arabinoxylan than in the experiments without paper additive.
WW 5642-Foreign Countries Example 6 An arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.5% arabinose, < 1% 4-0-methylglucuronic acid, DP ca.
160) was dissolved in water with heating as 5% solution. A beech wood sulfite pulp was then refined for 2.5 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min in a Jokro mill in accordance with ISO
5264-3 and laboratory sheets were prepared in accordance with ISO 5269-2 (rapid K6then method). The arabinoxylan solutions at 9.4% (relative to pulp) were in each case added to the pan which is used for portioning the suspension for the individual laboratory sheets. In each pan 16 g pulp were equalised in each case in a total liquid of 6.67 1 with a pulp density of 0.24%. 5 Min after addition of the arabinoxylan solution portioning and preparation of the laboratory sheets was carried out. All experiments were carried out at room temperature.
Testing for strength was carried out according to IS01974 (DIN EN 21974).
Light scattering coefficients were determined according to Instruction SCAN C 27:76.
The experiments showed that not only the tensile strength of the pulp was increase by arabinoxylan addition, but also the tear strength. The tear-tensile plot allows combined viewing of the tensile strength and tear strength of all samples from the refmement series (Figure 1, Effect of arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.38% relative to pulp) on the tear-tensile plot of beech sulfite pulp). It is obvious that the samples show clearly better values in both strengths by the addition of the arabinoxylan such that the whole curve is displaced to a higher level.
The specific volume of the pulp is characterised by the bulk, which is plotted in Figure 2 against the tensile breaking strength (Effect of arabinoxylan from oat husks (9.38% relative to pulp) on the bulk-tensile plot of beech sulfite pulp). It is clear that the curve for the different points of the degree of refinement is displaced to higher bulk values. In order to produce a product with the desired strength a higher sheet volume can be produced by the addition of the arabinozylan. The increased bulk leads to an increase in the light scattering coefficients and thus to improved optical properties.
Claims (10)
1. Use of arabinoxylans as additive in paper production.
2. Method for the production of a cellulose pulp comprising the bringing into contact a concentrated solution or suspension of an arabinoxylan with pulp or a stock system that contains pulp.
3. Method as described in claim 2 characterised in that the fraction of arabinoxylan relative to pulp is between 0.1 and 40%.
4. Method as described in claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the arabinoxylan is incubated with the pulp at pulp densities of up to 20% before further paper additives are used in the process.
5. Method as described in claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the arabinoxylan is incubated with the pulp at pulp densities of up to 20% after the addition of paper additives.
6. Method as described in one of the claims 2 or 3 characterised in that arabinoxylan is added to the pulp in the head box or shortly before the headbox.
7. Method as described in one of the claims 2 or 3 characterised in that after the addition of arabinoxylan the pulp is subjected to refinement in suitable plants, preferably refiners.
8. Cellulose pulp containing pulp and 0.1 % to 40% (w/w, relative to pulp) arabinoxylan.
9. Cellulose pulp as described in claim 8 characterised in that the arabinoxylan carries 5 to 20% arabinose substituents and less than 5% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid substituents on its main chain.
10. Arabinoxylans characterised in that on its main chain it carries 5 to 20%
(w/w, relative to total sample), preferably 7 to 15%, most preferably 8 to 13% arabinose substituents and less that 5%, preferably less than 2%, most preferably less than 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid substituents.
(w/w, relative to total sample), preferably 7 to 15%, most preferably 8 to 13% arabinose substituents and less that 5%, preferably less than 2%, most preferably less than 1% 4-O-methylglucuronic acid substituents.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05002073A EP1688534A1 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2005-02-02 | Use of Arabinoxylanes in paper production |
| EP05002073.4 | 2005-02-02 | ||
| PCT/EP2005/009657 WO2006081845A1 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2005-09-08 | Use of arabinoxylanns in the form of additives for producing paper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2586187A1 true CA2586187A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
Family
ID=34933545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002586187A Abandoned CA2586187A1 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2005-09-08 | Use of arabinoxylanns in the form of additives for producing paper |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060169432A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1688534A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2586187A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2007116306A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006081845A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004031477A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Strengthened tissue paper products comprising low levels of xylan |
| US20080128100A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2008-06-05 | Frank Rehders | Strengthened tissue paper products comprising low level of xylan |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK175391D0 (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1991-10-18 | Novo Nordisk As | NEW ENZYMER |
| US5498534A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1996-03-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Method of removing color from wood pulp using xylanase from streptomyces roseiscleroticus NRRL B-11019 |
| US5444217A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1995-08-22 | Moore Epitaxial Inc. | Rapid thermal processing apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers |
| CA2157667C (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 2010-01-26 | Lene Venke Kofod | Enzymes with xylanase activity from aspergillus aculeatus |
| DE4409372A1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-21 | Schickedanz Ver Papierwerk | Process for the production of creped tissue paper |
| US5902581A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1999-05-11 | Genencor International, Inc. | Xylanase from acidothermus cellulolyticus |
| AU1437897A (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-08-20 | Novo Nordisk A/S | An enzyme with xylanase activity |
| US6942754B2 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2005-09-13 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Process for producing xylooligosaccharide from lignocellulose pulp |
| US6824646B2 (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2004-11-30 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Process for oxygen bleaching and enzyme treating lignocellulosic pulp with liquid treatment and recovery |
| CA2301371C (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2009-09-01 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Process for bleaching lignocellulose pulp |
| GB0000001D0 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2000-02-23 | Du Pont Uk | Pharmaceutical compositions and their preparation |
| WO2004031477A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Strengthened tissue paper products comprising low levels of xylan |
| FR2852202B1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-08-11 | NEW PROCESS FOR POTENTIATING AND SIMULATION OF NATURAL DEFENSE OF PLANTS |
-
2005
- 2005-02-02 EP EP05002073A patent/EP1688534A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-08 WO PCT/EP2005/009657 patent/WO2006081845A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-08 CA CA002586187A patent/CA2586187A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-08 RU RU2007116306/12A patent/RU2007116306A/en unknown
- 2005-09-20 US US11/231,016 patent/US20060169432A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2007116306A (en) | 2009-03-10 |
| WO2006081845A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| US20060169432A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
| EP1688534A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
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