CA2554765A1 - Spool and spool assembly for winding-up carrier tapes of a packaging taped imbricated bag chain - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is a spool for winding-up an adhesive carrier Cape of a packaging taped imbricate bag chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricate packaging tags, the spool comprising a core (121) with a core surface (122) and walls forming a race where turns of tape are wound-up, wherein the core surface comprises resilient means (126) for releasing a radial pressure acting an the turns of tape that have been wound-up first.
Described is also a spool assembly for winding-up at least two adhesive carrier tapes of a packaging taped imbricate lug chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricate packaging tags, the assembly comprising at least two spools having a core provided with resilient means. Profitably, the use of spools according to the invention results in a larger number of turns of adhesive tape and a higher throughput of the loader apparatus.

Description

Description Spool and spool assembly for winding-up carrier tapes of a packaging taped imbricated bag chain Disclosure of Invention [001] The present invention relates to the field of Leg packaging and in particular it relates to taped imbricated hags. More in particular, it relates to an improved spool, a spool assembly (possibly housed in a proper cassette), for winding-up adhesive rurier tapes conveying a chain of imbricated bags.

[002] It has been known for many years to package food products, for instance meat cuts or poultry, in proper bags. Generally, the packaging bags are conveyed to a loading station in an imbricnted bag chain form. The bags are maintained in such an imbricated form and conveyed by using a pair of single side adhesive tapes. Generally, the tapes are wound on spools while the chain of bags is pulled towards the loading station.

[003] GB 2, 064 477 relates to a taped bag dispenser, namely an apparatus for dispensing bags from a chain of hags connected together in an imbrirated arrangement on a pair of tapes. It is connected to a source of taped bags and to a device comprising a spool for winding each tape, drive means which transmits motion to a differential gear which imparts rotational movement to the spools whereby the spools can rotate at different speeds so as to maintain substantially equal tension in the two tapes and thus maintain the hags in an aligned state. A sensing means detects the presence or absence of a bag and is in operative communication with the drive means which may comprise a sprocket and chain or a pneumatic ram.

[004] The dispenser according to GB 2 064 477 has the inconvenience that the differential gear is somewhat complex, expensive and is integral with the dispenser.
Furthermore, the step of replacing a wound spool is rather complicated and time consuming.
This results in rather long stops of the whole apparatus dispensing bags.

[005] US 4,796,412, assigned to the same Applicant of the present application relates to a method of pxkaging utilising a taped bag chain with cassette. A bag chain for feeding pxkaging bags to a bag loader includes bags imbricated and carried by a pair of parallel carrier tapes which are wound up on spools of a cassette. Loading the bag chain in a bag indexing drive unit involves simply placing the cassette into position with the spools engaged with parallel drive dogs, after which operation of a drive motor, driving the dogs through a differential unit indexes the bags and winds up the capes. Upon complete consumption of the bag chain, the cassette can be removed and replaced by a fresh cassette with the tapes outside the cassette and carrying the imbricated bags.

[006] Whilst the loading and unloading steps of the cassette have become easier and more convenient than with the spools of GB 2 064 477, the drive unit is still complicated and the cassette is rather expensive.

[007] PCT/EP03/10754 , filed by the same Applicant of the present application relates to an apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricated taped bags and a method of loading a bag train on a bag loader. The apparatus according to PCT/EP03110754 comprises two carrier tape winding spools positioned coaxially with one another and a differential gear unit positioned between said spools, said differential gear unit being adapted to be, in use, removably connectable to a shaft of a bag loader whereby two carrier tapes ran be wound up on said spools with equal tension. Profitably, each of the spools have a recess in a surfxe which faces the other spool and the differential gear unit is positioned in said recesses.

[008] Starting from the apparatus according to PCT/EP03/10754, the Applicant has felt the need to provide an improved apparatus which is able to wind a longer length of tapes. In fact, bags are presently pxkaged in a box or the like and it is desirable to have a larger number of bags within a box. A larger number of bags results in longer tapes to be wound. Useless to say that having a higher number of bags without having to replace the cassette is a profitable feature beca.~se it avoids stops of the loader plant and makes the throughput higher.

[009] A tape which is generally used for taped imbricated bags is made of polypropylene:
(whilst also polyesters or the like could also be used) and is about 6,0 mm wide and about 0,1 mm thin. One side of the tape is lined by an adhesive composition for sticking the bags. Presently, a tape is about 50 m long, this length corresponding to a number of bags of about 1500.
[O10] Profitably, a spool to be used in connection with PCT/EP03/10754 is made of a plastic material and comprises a cylinder core, a first plurality of spokes extending outwardly at a first end of the cylinder core and a second plurality of spokes extending outwardly at an opposed end of the core. The free ends of the first and second spoke=s are connected by respective outer rings. In other words, the first and second spokes form a rxe where the adhesive tape is wound. Alternatively, a flat, disk -shaped surface, can replace the plurality of spokes. Profitably, the spool is made of two pieces snapping on each other. The race is lightly wider than the Tape.
[0l 1] The Applicant has realized that when a first length of an adhesive tape is wound on a spool, the tape turns are placed one on exh other in a regular and fundamentally tidy manner. Since the adhesive tape is wound under tension exh single turn generates a radial pressure on the underlying turns. When a longer length of tape is wound, the in-termediate and outer turns operate a high radial pressure on the inner turns, the radial pressure becoming higher and higher while the number of turns increases. Due to the high radial pressure the turns tend to move axially and push against the lateral surface (substantially defined by the spokes) of the race. The tape turn configuration becomes then untidy and unstable. This results in a deformation of the spool and, possibly, in a failure thereof.
[012] With the above in mind, it is only possible to wind a rather reduced length of tape, corresponding to a rather reduced number of bags, without running the risk to have the spool blocked or broken.
[013] In the Applicant's opinion, the problem of tape axial shifting during winding thereof is mused by several fxtors, including the narrowness of the tape causing in-stability as the Eulero's beam and the fact that a fluid is interposed between each single turn of tape. In fact, each tape has a side, which is coated with a fluid adhesive substance providing a rather reduced adhesive force. This results in axial movements of the tape while it is winding up.
[014] The Applicant has studied such a problem in order to find a solution thereto. A
possible manner to solve the problem could be having a stiffer and harder spool but this is not compliant with the main requirement to have a cheap and lightweight spool.
[015] The Applicant has surprisingly discovered that a further possible solution is to provide resilient means at the spool core for releasing a radial pressure acting on the turns of tape that have been firstly wound up when such a pressure has rexhed an excessive value. In this way, the first wound up turns of tape become subject to a reduced or substantially null radial pressure.
[016] Thus, according to a first aspect, the present invention provides a spool for winding-up an adhesive carrier tape of a pxkaging taped imbricated hag chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricated packaging bags, the spool comprising a core with a core surface and walls forming a race where turns of tape are wound-up, wherein the core surfxe comprises resilient means for releasing a radial pressure acting on the turns of tape that have been wound-up first.
[017] According to a first embodiment, the resilient means comprise at least one resilient projecting tongue.
[018] Preferably, a plurality of equally-spaced resilient projecting tongues are provided on the core surFace.
[019] According to an embodiment, the tongues are fundamentally tangent to the core surface.
[020] According to a further embodiment, the tongues are inclined of an acute angle with respect to a tangent to the core surface.
[021] In one embodiment, the thickness of the tongues is decreasing towards the free end thereof.
[022] Profitably, the tongues are moulded with the core surface or a part thereof.
[023] Preferably, the spool is at least partially made of a plastic material or the like.
[024] When the tongues are moulded with the core surface, the core surface preferably comprises proper cavities at the tease of each tongue.
[025] Possibly, the tongues are at least partially made of metal or the like.
[026] According to a second embodiment, said resilient means comprise a continuous liner of a resilient material.
[027] Profitably, said resilient material comprises a rubber or a foamed plastic material.
Preferably, said resilient material is a foam material, either an open-cell or a closed-cell material.
[028] Preferably, said spool comprises two separate parts snapping one on each other for forming an assembled spool.
[029] Preferably, each spool wall comprises two or more spokes radially extending outwardly from the core, the free ends of the spokes being connected by an outer ring.
[030] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a spool assembly for winding-up at least two adhesive carrier tapes of a packaging taped imbricated bag chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricated packaging bags, the assembly comprising at least two spools as set forth above.
[031] In a preferred embodiment, the assembly further comprises a differential gear unit positioned between said at least two spools, said differential gear unit being adapted to be, in use, removably connectable to a shaft of a bag loader whereby two carrier tapes can be wound up on said spools with equal tension.
[032] Profitably, each of said spools has a recess in a surface which faces the other spool;
the differential gear unit is positioned in said recess.
[033] Preferably, each of said at least two spools is integrally formed with a bevel gear coaxial with the spool.
[034] Preferably, the differential gear unit comprises a core and at least one satellite pinion gear attached to said core and positioned to mesh with each bevel gear.

[035] Profitably, the differential gear unit core comprises a mating hole for mating with a shaft of a bag loader.
[036] According to one embodiment, the assembly is housed in a housing, thus providing a cassette or the like.
[037] According to a third aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for caking up a succession of imbricated packaging bags carried by at least two carrier tapes, the apparatus comprising: at least two carrier tape winding spools positioned coaxially with one another; and a differential gear unit positioned between said spools, the dif ferential gear unit being adapted to be, in use, removably connectable to a shaft of a bag loader whereby two caiTier tapes can be wound up on said spools with equal tension, wherein the spools are as set forth above.
[038] The present invention will become more clear from the following description, given by way of example only and not of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- Fig. la is a perspective view of a bag train with a spool assembly being loaded onto a bag loader;
- Fig. 1b is a perspective view of a bag train with a cassette being loaded onto a bag loader;
- Fig. 2 is an exploded view of he apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricated packaging bags of the present invention;
- Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a spool assembly within a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 4 shows a plan view of a first half spool according to the present invention;
- Fig. 5 shows a cross section view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 4;
- Fig. 6 shows a plan view of a second half spool mating with the first half spool of Fig. 4;
- Fig. 7 shows a cross section view taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 6;
- Fig. 8 shows a cross section view of an assembled spool according to the invention;
- Fig. 9 is a partial view of the first half spool of Fig. 4 under a low pressure;
- Fig. 10 is a partial view similar to that of Fig. 9 under a higher pressure;
and - Fig. 11 is an enlarged view similar to that of Fig. 9.
[039] Figure 1 a shows schematically how the present invention is employed in use on a bag loader machine 100. A bag train 50 comprises a plurality of packaging bags 51 a, 51b, 51c arranged in an imbricated way on two parallel carrier tapes 52a, 52b (usually about 1/z bag width apart). The bags 51a, 51b, 51c are attached to the tapes 52a, 52b by adhesive. The end of the tapes 52a, 52b are bound to spools of a spool assembly 10.
The spool assembly 10 is loaded by hand, without tools, on to a shaft 112 of the bag loader 100 so that the unit is adapted to be, in use, removabIy connectable to the shaft.
The adaptation may be by way of a snap-on fitting, a butterfly nut, an over center buckle etc. Any way of attxhing the unit by hand, without the use of tools, so that little time or skill is required can be used. The shaft 112 is rotated by motor 110. The shaft 112 engages with the spool assembly 10 and drives the internal workings of the assembly to take up the tapes 52a, 52b. On taking up of the tapes 52a, 52b the succession of bags 51a, 51b, 51c are brought closer to the bag loader machine 100. As the tapes are taken up successive bags 51a, 51b, 51c can be removed from the tapes 52a, 52b and filled.
[040] During drawing of the bags 51a, 51b, 51c towards the bag loader 100, it is necessary to keep the tension in the two tapes 52a, 52b equal so that the bag openings, usually directed in the direction of advancement, remain in the same orientation to the bag loader 100 (i.e. usually parallel to the bag loader) such that the bags may be removed from the tapes aztomatic~lly. In the present invention this is done by use of the spool assembly 10 which ensures that the tapes 52a, 52b, as they are drawn:in towards the bag loader around rollers or stationary pins 54a, 54b, are kept in equal tension. This is xhieved by the internal workings of the assembly 10 which are il-lustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
[041] The way in which the spool assembly 10 takes up the catTier tapes 52a, 52b with equal tension will now be described with reference to Figure 2 or 3. The spool assembly 10 comprises two carrier tape winding spools 12a, 12b around which the tapes 52a, 52b of the bag train 50 are to be wound. Profitably, as it is shown in Figures lb and 2, the spools 12a, 12b are enclosed in a housing providing a cassette comprising first and second components 14a, 14b which can, for example, snap fit together. A slot 15 formed in the first housing component 14a allows entry of the tapes 52a, 52b into the housing and thereby onto spool 12a for one tape 52a and spool 12b for the other tape 52b. Two slots may be provided, one for entry of exh tape 52a, 52b.
If those slots are positioned as far apart as the tapes are apart when attached to the bags, no rollers or pins 54a, 54b are required. The tapes 52a, 52b are attached to the spools 12a, 12b in any convenient way, for example through a hole in the outer flange of the spool and held in place by a pin inserted in the hole from the outside.
The tapes 52a, 52b are wound around the spools 12a, 12b in the same direction.
[042] The spools 12a, 12b are positioned coaxially with one another. Each of the spools 12a, 12b is depicted as having a central cut out 13 though this is not necessarily the case. In fact, only one of the spools 12a, 12b will require a central cut out 13 so that the shaft 112 of the bag loader can access a differential gear unit 20 positioned between and coaxially with the spools 12a, 12b. The shaft 112 passes in a cut out 16, through the central cut out 13 of spool 12b to mesh with a mating hole 22 in a core 21 of the differential gear unit 20. Thus, the spools 12a, 12b and core 21 of the differential gear unit are coaxial with the shaft 112 of the bag loader when the spool assembly is loaded on the bag loader.
[043] Mounted on the core 21 is at least one bevel pinion 24. In the preferred embodiment there are four bevel pinions 24 positioned symmetrically around the outside of the core 21. The bevel pinions 24 are mounted to the core such that they can freely rotate around an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of mating hole 22.
[044] The differential gear unit 20 is held substantially coaxially with said spools 12a, 12b by being positioned in recesses in the surfaces of the spools firing each other so that the spools can be positioned close together, possibly even touching. The xtion of en~ging the spool assembly with the shaft 112 may serve to axially align the spools 12a, 12b and the core 21 of the differential gear unit and to hold them together. Al-ternatively, the spools and differential gear unit may be designed to snap fit together (or otherwise held together) without the aid of the shaft 112 so that the shaft 112 only en~ges with the differential gear unit 20.
[045] Each of the spools 12a, 12b is provided with an integrally moulded bevel gear 26 (in the recess) which, when the spool assembly 10 is assembled, faces the other of said spools 12a, 12b and meshes with the bevel pinions 24. In this way, if equal tension is present in the tapes 52a, 52b and the shaft 112 of the bag loader rotates the core 21, the two spools 12a, 12b will be rotated at the same rate as the bevel pinions 24 will not rotate around their axis of rotation but the whole core and spool assembly will rotate at the same rate around the longitudinal axis of the shaft 112. However, if tension in one of the tapes 52a, 52b decreases, the spool 12a, 12b on which that tape is wound will rotate faster than the other spool. This happens berazse the bevel pinions 24 will begin to rotate until the tension in the tapes 52a, 52b wound around their respective spools 12a, 12b is equalised. In this way it is possible to maintain the bag train 50 in an orientarion such that each successive imbrirated bag 51a, 51b, 51c will arrive ax the bag loader in the perfect orientation for removal from the tapes 52a, 52b as the tapes 52a, 52b are taken up by the spools 12a, 12b of the assembly 10.
[046] According to a preferred embodiment, the spool assembly 10 is housed in the cassette 140 (see Figures 1b and 2). Although a door to protect the cassette 140 is shown in Figure 1b, in prxtice this may not be necessary, [047] The cassette housing components 14a, 14b, spools 12a, 12b and the parts of the dif ferential gear unit may all be formed by injection moulding of plastics material. This is cheap and the thus produced components easily have the durability to last for the entire bag train which can comprise several hundred bags.
[048] It is envisaged that the spool assembly or the cassette will be stored, for example during shipping, with the leading part of each of the tapes connected to the respective spool so that the entire bag chain 50 may be loaded onto the loader easily without first having to connect the tapes 51a, 52b onto the spools 12a, 12b.
[049] The spool assembly 10 or cassette 140 can be re-usable. In use, the mxhine operator would attach the next bag train to the spools of a spare cassette whilst the machine is still working using another bag train. Once that other bag train is finished, the operator can substitute the old cassette (or the spool assembly) for the spare one and restart the mxhine. The used tape is then removed from the first cassette, which can then be re-used.
[050] With reference now to Figures 4-8, a carrier tape winding spool 12 (12a or 12b) according to the present invention comprises a cylinder core 121 with a cylinder surface 122. Projecting radially outwardly from the edges of the core surface 122 are spokes 123 connected by an outer ring 124. The spokes and the outer ring form a wall 123'. Obviously, the spokes could be replaced by a continuous surface resulting in a continuous wall 123'. The walls and the core surface, in turn, form a race 125 where turns of adhesive calTier tape 52 wind up. Preferably, the spool 12 comprises two separate parts 127, 128 snapping one on exh other for forming an assembled spool. A
first part 127 could be, for instance, a holed projecting core 121 with a wall 123' (possibly made of spokes 123 and a connecting ring 124) whilst the second part (shown in Figures 6 and 7) could be fundamentally flat, again with spokes 123 and a connecting ring 124. In the embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7, a number of hooks 130 project from the second spool part 128 When the spool is assembled by connecting the first and second parts 127, 128, the hooks 130 enter corresponding holes 130' of the first part 127.
[051] According to the present invention, the core surface 122 is provided with resilient means 126 for releasing a radial pressure acting on the turns of tape that have been firstly wound-up. According to a first embodiment, the resilient means 126 is in the form of at least one resilient projecting tongue 126. Preferably, as in Fig.
4, a plurality of equally-spaced resilient projecting tongues 126 are provided on the core surface 122.
[052] According to an embodiment, the tongues 126 are fundamentally tangent to the spool surface. Alternatively, the tongues are inclined of an acute angle with respect to a tangent to the spool surfxe. The angle by which the tongues are inclined.with respect to the tangent direction maybe up to 30°, preferably 5°
to 30°, more preferably 10° to 20° and still more preferably of about 15°: angles that are deemed suitable for the present invention are 5°, 10°, 14°, 15° and 20°.
[053] According to one embodiment, the tongue thickness is decreasing towards the free end thereof. This feature is provided in order to reduce the increasing stiffness of the tongues that, when a pressure is exercised, tend to mate to the cylinder core surface and to correspondingly reduce their length.
[054] Profitably, the tongues are moulded with the core surface 122 or a part thereof.
This, in particular, when the spool is at least partially made of a plastic material.
[055] When the tongues are moulded with the core surface 122, the core surface preferably comprises proper cavities 129 at the bftse of each tongue 126 (see Fig. 11).
. This makes more easier the moulding of the tongues in a sole:piece with the core.
[056] According to the present invention, the tongues 126 could be made also of metal or the like.
[057] Whilst an array of equally spaced tongues 126 provides excellent results, good per-formances can be obtained by providing a continuous liner of a resilient material around the core surface. The liner could be made of a rubber or, preferably, of a foam, i.e. a material that can be compressed under a pressure. The foam material can be "open-cell" or "closed-cell". Any type of polymeric material that can be foamed, thus resulting in a compressible foam, can be suitably employed. For instance, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyesters and the like.
[058] With reference to Figures 9 to 10, the operation of the tongues 126 will be described here below. Since the tape is wound under tension, each turn of the tape generates a pressure in the radial direction. When a rather reduced number of turns of tape 52 are wound around the core 121, the tongues 126 are subject to a rather reduced pressure and, substantially, they will not bend. While the number of wound turns increases, the radial pressure acting on the tongues 126 will increase accordingly and the tongues 126 become bent. In this manner, the tension and consequently the radial pressure on the turns that are wound first will be partially released and the tape 52 will not move towards the race walls 123'. Thanks to this, the number of turns on the spools could be highly increased with respect to the known spools and the general object of the invention is reached.
[059] Fig. 11 is similar to Fig. 10 but it shows the cavities 129 at the root of the tongues 126. Such cavities are profitable for producing the tongues in a single piece with the core by a plastic injection moulding process.
[060] The present invention has been described by way of example only and variations are possible. In particular, as described above, the cassette 140 is not necessary for the functioning of the invention as shown in Figures 1 a and 2. The construction of the housing of the cassette could be varied.

Claims

Claims [001] A spool (12, 12a, 12b) for winding-up an adhesive carrier cape (52, 52a, 52b) of a packaging taped bag chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of packaging bags, the spool (12, 12a, 12b) comprising a core (121) with a core surface (122) and walls (123') forming a race (125) where turns of tape (52, 52a, 52b) are wound-up, characterized in that the core surface (122) comprises resilient means (126) for releasing a radial pressure acting on the turns of tape (52, 52a, 52b) that have been wound-up first.
[002] The spool according to claim 1, wherein said resilient means (126) comprise at least one resilient projecting tongue (126).
[003] The spool according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of equally-spaced resilient projecting tongues (126) are provided on the core surface (122).
[004] The spool according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said at least one tongue (126) is fundamentally tangent to the core surface (122).
[005] The spool according to any of claims 2-3, wherein said at least one tongue (126) is inclined of an acute angle with respect to a tangent to the spool surface.
[006] The spool according to any of claims 2-5, wherein said at least one tongue (126) is moulded with the core surface or a part thereof.
[007] The spool according to any of claims 2-6, wherein the core surface comprises cavities (129) at the base of said at least one tongue.
[008] The spool according to claim 1, wherein said resilient means (126) comprise a continuous liner of a resilient material.
[009] The spool according to claim 8, wherein said resilient material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: rubber and foamed plastic material.
[010] A spool assembly (10) for winding-up at least two adhesive carrier tapes (52, 52a, 52b) of a packaging taped bag chain in an apparatus for taking up a succession of packaging bags, the spool assembly comprising at least two spools (12, 12a, 12b), according to any of claims 1 to 9.
[011] The assembly according to claim 10, wherein it further comprises a differential gear unit positioned between said at least two spools, said differential gear unit being adapted to be, in use, removably connectable to a shaft of a bag loader whereby two carrier tapes can be wound up on said spools with equal tension.
[012] The assembly according to claim 11, wherein each of said spools has a recess in a surface which faces the other spool and wherein said differential gear unit is positioned in said recess.
[013] The assembly according to claim 11 or 12, wherein each of said at least two spools is integrally formed with a bevel gear coaxial with said spool.
[014] The assembly according to claim 13, wherein said differential gear unit comprises a core and at least one satellite pinion gear attached to said core and positioned to mesh with each bevel gear.
[015] The assembly according to claim 14, wherein said differential gear unit core comprises a mating hole for mating with a shaft of a bag loader.
[016] The assembly according to any of claims 10 to 15, wherein it is contained in a housing, thus providing a cassette (140).
[017] A chain of packaging taped bags, the chain comprising a number of bags and at least two adhesive carrier capes having respective free ends, wherein the free ends of the tapes are engaged with the spools of the spool assembly according to any of claims 10-16.
[018] An apparatus for taking up a succession of imbricated packaging bags carried by at least two carrier tapes (52, 52a, 52b), said apparatus comprising: at least two carrier cape winding spools (12, 12a, 12b) positioned coaxially with one another;
and a differential gear unit positioned between said spools, said differential gear unit being adapted to be, in use, removably connectable to a shaft of a bag loader whereby two carrier tapes can be wound up on said spools with equal tension, wherein the spools are according to any of claims 1 to 9.
[019] The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein each of said spools (12, 12a, 12b) has a recess in a surface which faces the other spool and wherein said differential gear unit is positioned in said recesses.
[020] The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, wherein each of said spools (12, 12a, 12b) is integrally formed with a bevel gear coaxial with said spool.
[021] The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said differential gear unit comprises a core and at least one satellite pinion gear attached to said core and positioned to mesh with each bevel gear.
[022] The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said differential gear unit core comprises a mating hole for mating with a shaft of a bag loader.
[023] The apparatus according to any of claims 18 to 22, wherein said spools and dif-ferential gear unit are housed in a cassette