CA2307270A1 - Aqueous surface treatment compositions - Google Patents
Aqueous surface treatment compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2307270A1 CA2307270A1 CA 2307270 CA2307270A CA2307270A1 CA 2307270 A1 CA2307270 A1 CA 2307270A1 CA 2307270 CA2307270 CA 2307270 CA 2307270 A CA2307270 A CA 2307270A CA 2307270 A1 CA2307270 A1 CA 2307270A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- surface treatment
- composition
- treatment composition
- components
- aqueous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 alkyl vinyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N deca-1,9-diene Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCC=C NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical group COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001853 inorganic hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)Cl BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical group CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical group OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D135/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D135/08—Copolymers with vinyl ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/008—Temporary coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
An aqueous surface treatment composition, methods for the production thereof, and an apparatus for the preparation of aqueous surface treatment compositions. The composition comprises a water soluble thickening polymeric thickening agent, water and a basic neutralizing agent. Additionally, colouring agents and polyols may be added to the composition. The polymeric water soluble thickening agent and basic neutralizing agent are present in sufficient quantity to afford a viscous composition that, upon application to a suitable surface, provide a surface treatment. The apparatus useful for the production of aqueous surface treatment compositions simultaneously and rapidly mixes and dispenses a fast forming viscous compositions.
Description
Agueous surface treatment compositions Field of the invention The present invention relates to aqueous surface treatment compositions, their preparation and their use.
Background of the invention The concept of using aqueous compositions for coating purposes has been known for several years. Moreover, the drive towards more environmentally friendly coatings containing low to zero amounts of volatile organic components (also referred to as V.O.C.'s) has added momentum to the development of water based coatings over traditional solvent based coatings.
Technical advances in the field of emulsion formulations have formed a basis for the commercial development of the commercial aqueous coating field that includes, for example, paints, stains and topcoat coatings. A ubiquitous aqueous coating composition is acrylic latex paint. Aqueous coatings based upon water-borne or emulsion formulations, are those whereby a polymeric resin (also referred to as a binder), pigments, and other additives are added to water with stirring until phase inversion occurs. High shear speeds and elevated temperatures are sometimes employed in order to achieve aqueous emulsion-based coatings.
As well, emulsion-based aqueous coatings can be prepared by addition of one or more water-miscible solvents followed by stripping to remove the solvent from the final coating composition.
Polymeric resins in coatings act as binders to bind the pigment particles into uniform coatings and make the coatings adhere to the surface to which they are applied. They may also act as water-soluble thickening agents to provide thickening erects to the coatings.
20709691.8 Other conventional aqueous coatings composition additives include, for example, emulsifiers, thickeners, humectants, curing agents, biocides, germicides, plasticizers, fillers and extenders.
If a film-forming coating is desired, coalescents can be added to aqueous coating compositions to temporarily lower the minimum film forming temperature, commonly referred to as the "MFFT" of a polymeric resin, allowing the coating composition to form a continuous film at a lower temperature than its Tg. The Tg, or glass transition temperature, of a polymer is a measure of the hardness and melt flow of the polymer. The higher the Tg, the less the melt flow and the harder the coating. Tg generally def~.nes the onset of long range molecular motion wherein the polymer preserves the outward appearance of a solid but becomes rubbery and then tacky with increasing temperature and undergoes plastic flow and elastic deformation.
If a film-forming coating is desired, a polymer having a glass transition temperature at or near room temperature can be utilizied in the coating composition. In other instances, non-film forming aqueous coating compositions are desirous. For example, U.S.
patent 4,094,841 teaches the use of a non-film forming latex coating prepared by emulsion polymerization for use with paper coatings and opacifying agents.
Despite their acceptance, current emulsion-based technologies used for the preparation of aqueous coatings have several drawbacks. Stability of emulsion-based aqueous coatings can be problematic and emulsion processes typically require surface-active agents, referred to as surfactants, to help stabilize the emulsions over long periods of time and a wide range of temperatures. Surfactants are also employed to inhibit foaming and to help disperse the pigments, or combinations thereof. Conventional types of surfactants include anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof.
20709691.8 In aqueous coatings compositions, the rheology of the coating must be controlled in order to obtain proper flow of the surface treatment with a minimum of dripping or spattering. There are many types of thickeners, including polymeric water-soluble thickening agents, that may be added to emulsion based coatings to obtain a desired rheology.
Thickeners such as cellulose ethers, alkali soluble latex copolymers, copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids and esters which have a portion of the hydrogen ions of the copolymer carboxyl group replaced with ammonium or alkali metals ions have been used as thickeners.
Examples of thickeners are described in the patent literature, including U. S.
Patent No.
Background of the invention The concept of using aqueous compositions for coating purposes has been known for several years. Moreover, the drive towards more environmentally friendly coatings containing low to zero amounts of volatile organic components (also referred to as V.O.C.'s) has added momentum to the development of water based coatings over traditional solvent based coatings.
Technical advances in the field of emulsion formulations have formed a basis for the commercial development of the commercial aqueous coating field that includes, for example, paints, stains and topcoat coatings. A ubiquitous aqueous coating composition is acrylic latex paint. Aqueous coatings based upon water-borne or emulsion formulations, are those whereby a polymeric resin (also referred to as a binder), pigments, and other additives are added to water with stirring until phase inversion occurs. High shear speeds and elevated temperatures are sometimes employed in order to achieve aqueous emulsion-based coatings.
As well, emulsion-based aqueous coatings can be prepared by addition of one or more water-miscible solvents followed by stripping to remove the solvent from the final coating composition.
Polymeric resins in coatings act as binders to bind the pigment particles into uniform coatings and make the coatings adhere to the surface to which they are applied. They may also act as water-soluble thickening agents to provide thickening erects to the coatings.
20709691.8 Other conventional aqueous coatings composition additives include, for example, emulsifiers, thickeners, humectants, curing agents, biocides, germicides, plasticizers, fillers and extenders.
If a film-forming coating is desired, coalescents can be added to aqueous coating compositions to temporarily lower the minimum film forming temperature, commonly referred to as the "MFFT" of a polymeric resin, allowing the coating composition to form a continuous film at a lower temperature than its Tg. The Tg, or glass transition temperature, of a polymer is a measure of the hardness and melt flow of the polymer. The higher the Tg, the less the melt flow and the harder the coating. Tg generally def~.nes the onset of long range molecular motion wherein the polymer preserves the outward appearance of a solid but becomes rubbery and then tacky with increasing temperature and undergoes plastic flow and elastic deformation.
If a film-forming coating is desired, a polymer having a glass transition temperature at or near room temperature can be utilizied in the coating composition. In other instances, non-film forming aqueous coating compositions are desirous. For example, U.S.
patent 4,094,841 teaches the use of a non-film forming latex coating prepared by emulsion polymerization for use with paper coatings and opacifying agents.
Despite their acceptance, current emulsion-based technologies used for the preparation of aqueous coatings have several drawbacks. Stability of emulsion-based aqueous coatings can be problematic and emulsion processes typically require surface-active agents, referred to as surfactants, to help stabilize the emulsions over long periods of time and a wide range of temperatures. Surfactants are also employed to inhibit foaming and to help disperse the pigments, or combinations thereof. Conventional types of surfactants include anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof.
20709691.8 In aqueous coatings compositions, the rheology of the coating must be controlled in order to obtain proper flow of the surface treatment with a minimum of dripping or spattering. There are many types of thickeners, including polymeric water-soluble thickening agents, that may be added to emulsion based coatings to obtain a desired rheology.
Thickeners such as cellulose ethers, alkali soluble latex copolymers, copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids and esters which have a portion of the hydrogen ions of the copolymer carboxyl group replaced with ammonium or alkali metals ions have been used as thickeners.
Examples of thickeners are described in the patent literature, including U. S.
Patent No.
4,384,096 which discloses a pH responsive thickener comprising an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated surfactant copolymerizable therewith. Similar systems are disclosed in U.S.
Patent Nos. 5,874,495 and 4,138,381.
Another drawback of the current emulsion-based aqueous coating compositions is the detrimental effects of aqueous coating compositions on substrates that are of a porous or cellulose nature such as wood fibres. Grain raising, lap marks, distension and distortion may result after an emulsion-based aqueous coating composition has been applied due to the water-borne nature of the coatings.
Finally, the appearance of emulsion-based aqueous surface treatments can be a drawback. Emulsion-based aqueous coating compositions often retain an aesthetically undesirable turbid characteristic.
In order to compete with more conventional solvent-based coating systems, the aesthetic and physical properties of aqueous based coatings must be comparable. Alternative coating systems and compositions, and methods and apparatus for creating such systems and compositions are desirable.
20709691.8 Brief Summary of the Invention In a first aspect of the present invention what is provided is an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising a polymeric water soluble thickening agent, water, and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents, wherein the percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition further comprises one or more than one colouring agent, or one or more than one polyol, or combinations thereof.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent has a Tg greater than 30° C.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the polymeric water soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer and the aqueous surface treatment composition is prepared, in part, by hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymer to the corresponding carboxylic acid groups, followed by neutralization using a basic neutralizing agent.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition can be non-film forming upon application to a suitable substrate or film forming upon application to a suitable surface.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition further comprises a polyol present at sufficient wt % such that, upon application of the surface treatment to a suitable surface, the surface treatment possesses a re-wettable edge.
20709691.8 In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing a temporary surface treatment on a substrate comprising applying the surface treatment composition of the present invention to a substrate and allowing the composition to dry. As such, the surface treatment is subsequently removable upon application of water to the composition. Drying may take place under ambient temperatures or with the use of radiant heat.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing a permanent surface treatment on a substrate by applying the surface treatment composition of the present invention to a substrate and allowing the composition to dry; followed by application of a sealant coating over the dried composition of the present invention. The sealant is allowed to dry to form a protective coating over the surface treatment composition. Drying may take place under ambient temperatures or with the use of radiant heat.
In a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition, comprising the steps of adding a polymeric water soluble thickening agent to water, agitating the water and thickening agent solution until the polymeric agent is dispersed in the water and hydrolysed, and adding a basic neutralizing agent in sufFcient quantity such that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising the steps of preparing a first solution comprising water and a polymeric water soluble thickening agent; preparing a second solution comprising water and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents; and combining and mixing the solutions such that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
20709691.8 In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second solution further comprises one or more than one colouring agent, or one or more than one polyol, or combinations thereof.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the first solution is acidic in pH and the second solution is basic in pH.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the water soluble thickening agent in the first solution is hydrolysed, and the hydrolysed solution is cooled to about 20° C to 60° C, prior to mixing with the second solution.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, the final surface treatment composition has a pH between 6 and 8. In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, the final surface treatment composition has a pH of 7.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for the preparation and dispensing of composition including aqueous surface treatment compositions, comprising a plurality of mixing chambers for containing components of an aqueous surface treatment composition, each chamber having an outlet for passage of components of the composition from the mixing chamber; at least one mixing apparatus operatively connected to the mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of the components of the composition in the mixing chambers; a plurality of pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each having at least one inlet to allow for passage of the components to the pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from the pumping chamber; a passageway extending from each of the mixing chambers to each of the pumping chambers for passage of the components of the surface treatment composition therethrough; a plurality of plungers, one plunger mounted in each of the pumping chambers, and each of the plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from the pumping chamber outlet, each of the plungers including a first portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and 20709691.8 permitting flow of the components outwardly through the outlets of the pumping chambers; a mixer assembly in fluid communication with the pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing the components of the aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of the mixed components from the mixer assembly; and wherein the components of the surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises at least one heating apparatus contained within at least one of the mixing chambers for regulation of temperature of the components of the compositions.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a drive mechanism operatively connected to the plungers to reciprocally drive the plungers movably through the pumping chambers. The internal volume of the pumping chambers are filled with the components of the surface treatment composition by force of suction by way of movement of the plungers away from the outlets of the pumping chambers, and the components of the surface treatment composition are displaced outwardly from the pumping chambers by force of the plungers towards the outlets of the pumping chambers. The drive mechanism can control the distance the plungers move through the pumping chambers thereby controlling the amount of components permitted to flow outwardly through the outlets of the pumping chambers to the mixer assembly.
Brief Descriution of the Drawings For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show the preferred embodiment of the present invention and in which:
20709691.8 g FIG. 1. is a schematic representation of an aqueous surface treatment preparation and dispensing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. S is a side view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the FIG.
1 embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a partial front view of the pumping system of FIG. 1, showing the pneumatic actuator and only one cylinder and piston assembly;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 1, showing discharge valves for passage of both solutions into the static mixer assembly.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The description that follows, and the embodiments therein, are provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples or particular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purpose of explanation, and not limitation, of those principles and of the invention. These examples include a description of the best mode of practising the invention currently known to the inventors.
As used in this specification, the following terms have the following definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. By low to zero V.O.C. as used herein means that the surface treatment composition does not contain "volatile organic compounds"
20709691.8 defined herein as any organic compound which participates in photochemical reactions; that is any organic compound other than the following which have been excluded because of their negligible photochemical reactivity: methane, ethane, methyl chloroform, acetone, methylene chloride, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CFC-11, CFC-22, FC-23, HF-123, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, and HFC-134a. This is not to be taken as excluding composition which contain very low levels of deliberately or adventitiously added V.O.C.'s such as, for example, V.O.C.'s formed during polymerization of the polymeric water soluble thickening agent, or V.O.C. impurities contained within colouring agents, basic neutralizing agents, polyols, or any other additives. The term "colouring agent" as used herein refers to natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, soluble or insoluble additives which, when added to liquid vehicle, may provide, in addition to colour, additional properties of the composition such as, for example, opacity, hardness, durability. The term includes dispersions and pigments.
The aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention provides an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent, water and one or more basic neutralizing agents. The relative amounts of each component can vary over various ranges, with an effective range of about up to 1% by weight polymeric water soluble thickening agent, and a varying range of percent weight of basic neutralizing agent, depending on its alkalinity. Weight percentages are relative to the total composition. It is also understood that additional additives may be added to the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention.
Polymeric water soluble thickening agents used in this invention are those capable of forming a uniform surface treatment that can bind to a suitable surface at ambient temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric water soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked lower alkyl vinyl ether and malefic anhydride copolymer as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,539,039, and commercially available under the trademark 20709691.8 "STABILEZE" from ISP (Canada) Inc. When present in quantities up to 1 weight percent in the composition, preferably 0.5 weight percent in a preferred embodiment, the composition is a thixotropic composition. In the preferred embodiment, the composition does not require addition of an additional thickener component to the composition and the thixotropic composition is capable of suspending particulates, including colouring agents such as pigments. As such, the polymeric thickening agent of the present embodiment acts as both a binder for colouring agents and a thickener in the surface treatment composition.
The viscous nature of the surface treatment composition is achieved by addition of a basic neutralizing agent to raise the pH of the composition to a neutral or basic pH value, i.e., 10 7 or above. In a preferred embodiment, the pH is 7. By raising the pH to 7 or above, all of the carboxyl groups of the polymeric agent of the preferred embodiment are maintained in an ionized state. Potentially useful basic neutralizing agents include, for example: ammonia, primary monoamines such as ethylamine and propylamine; alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide; alkyl amines such as N-methylmorpholine and ethylenediamine.
This list is illustrative and not complete.
In a preferred embodiment, the basic neutralizing agent comprises triethanolamine at 0.29% by weight of the total composition. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is present at 1.28% by weight. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is present at 0.1 % by weight. In yet another preferred embodiment, the basic neutralizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide at 0.1 % by weight of the total composition. In yet another preferred embodiment, sodium hydroxide is present at 0.2 % by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the surface treatment composition is formulated to be modestly film forming upon application to a suitable substrate. In another preferred embodiment, the surface treatment composition is formulated to be non-film forming upon application to a suitable substrate. In a preferred embodiment, sodium hydroxide is used as 20709691.8 the basic neutralizing agent in the film forming composition. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is used as the basic neutralizing agent in the non-film forming composition.
In another preferred embodiment, colouring agents are added to the aqueous coating composition of the present invention. Potentially useful colouring agents include, but are not limited to, finely ground, natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, insoluble or dispersed colourants, synthetic pearls and metallics, organic dyes, inorganic dyes, water soluble dyes, universal colorants. Tint dispersions prepared separately can be added if they are compatible with the basic neutralizing agent. Use of some colouring agents, such as aluminum or metal alloys as colouring agents, may require pretreating prior to addition to the treatment composition mixtures. Colouring agents can cause a change in the pH of the mixture to which they are added. Therefore, the quantity of basic neutralizing agent added to surface treatment compositions can vary depending upon the type and acidity or bacisity of the colouring agent added.
Addition of colouring agents provide a wide colour range and aesthetic quality of surface treatment compositions such as three-dimensional appearance, and can render the surface treatment transparent or translucent. In a preferred embodiment, three colouring agents, AquasperseTM brown, red oxide and black (available from Huls America Inc.) are added in 4.86, 1.36 and 0.68 percent by weight of the total composition, respectively to the aqueous surface treatment composition. In another preferred embodiment, AquasperseTM
white is added in 6.39 percent by weight of the total composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the surface treatment composition of the present invention, one or more polyols are added to the surface treatment composition comprising up to 50 percent by weight of the total composition, the addition of which affords a surface treatment composition with a re-wettable edge upon application to a suitable surface.
20709691.8 Addition of a polyol can increase workability time of the surface treatment and can also provide for the use of water insoluble colouring agents in the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention, by grinding the insoluble colouring agents into the polyol prior to addition to water. In a preferred embodiment, the polyol is propylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment, propylene glycol is present at 20.87 weight percent of the total surface treatment composition. In another embodiment, propylene glycol is present at 24.16 percent by weight of the total composition. Other potentially useful polyols include, for example alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, and 1,4-butanediol;
aliphatic polyetherdiols, such as linear or branched poly(oxyethylene) glycols, poly(oxypropylene) glycols and/or poly(oxybutylene) glycols, and mixed polyetherdiols, such as poly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycols; aromatic or alkyl-aromatic diols, for example 2-alkyl-2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol, bisphenol derivatives; polyols having at least 3 hydroxy groups such as trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and glycerol.
This list is illustrative and not complete.
The aqueous surface treatment coating composition can be formulated to contain zero V.O.C's, low quantities of V.O.C.'s, or high quantities of V.O.C.'s. In one preferred embodiment, propylene glycol is added to an aqueous surface composition comprising water, STABILEZETM, and sodium hydroxide to afford a zero V.O.C. surface treatment composition.
There are a number of ways to prepare the aqueous surface treatment compositions of the present invention. In one embodiment, the polymeric water solu'ole thickening agent is added to water, in quantities up to 1% by weight of the total composition and stirred for several hours until a translucent liquid develops, thus indicating that the polymeric water soluble thickening agent is dissolved in the water. The pH of the solution is acidic, typically pH 2.5. In another preferred embodiment, the water is heated, preferably to 80 °C, prior to 20709691.8 addition of the polymeric agent, followed by constant stirring. A basic neutralizing agent is added in sufficient quantity to raise the pH of the composition to substantially neutral in this embodiment in order to produce a viscous composition. Regulation of the pH can be used as a means to control the thickening of the composition.
In another embodiment for preparation of the aqueous coating composition, the aqueous surface treatment composition is prepared by preparation of two separate solutions, which, upon combination, yield the surface treatment composition. This embodiment is preferred for large-scale preparation of aqueous surface treatment compositions. One solution comprises a polymeric thickening agent and water, and the other comprises water, a basic neutralizing agent and other additives, including, for example, a colouring agents) and a polyol(s). Upon combination, the two solutions form the aqueous coating composition. The first solution, upon addition of the polymeric agent, in a preferred embodiment, is heated to 80 °C and stirred until a translucent liquid develops. The mixture is cooled. The first solution is acidic in pH. The second solution is prepared by addition of a basic neutralizing agent to water, and, for example, a polyol and/or colorant, and other additives. The solution is basic in pH. Quantities of the first solution and the second solution, preferably equal volumetric amounts, are added together, and preferably agitated to produce the desired aqueous surface treatment composition. The composition preferably has a pH of 7. In other embodiments, the pH is between 6 and 8.
The surface treatment compositions of this invention may be applied to a suitable substrate by methods well known in the art of applying surface treatment compositions.
Potential methods for applying the composition include, for example, air-assisted spray, airless spray, brush (including foam and bristle), roller, and rag. This list is illustrative and not complete.
20709691.8 Once applied to the substrate, the surface treatment compositions are typically cured at ambient temperatures, or in some cases at elevated temperatures. The amount of composition applied is not particularly restricted but in a preferred embodiment, it is generally in the range of about 25 microns in terms of surface treatment thickness as dried when the composition is non-film forming. The surface treatment thickness may be higher or lower in other examples. Upon application to a suitable substrate the water and base evaporate to leave a surface treatment. The hydrolysed polymeric agent and pigment revert to a surface treatment with sufficient tack to form a surface treatment. The nature of the gel ensures that the water evaporates outward toward the air and is not absorbed into the substrate.
The present composition can be used for surface treatment of a broad range of surfaces, such as, for example, wood, reconstituted wood, plastics, paper, cementatious substrates and previously primed or coated substrates. Preferred substrates are indoor architectural substrates such as walls, ceilings and floors.
The surface treatment composition of the present invention can be used on bare or sanded wood or latex paint surfaces. It does not necessitate the use of conditioners, pre-stains or sanding sealers. As well, flexibility in formulations of the surface treatment composition of the present invention affords a broad range of formulations. Preferred embodiments include use of the surface treatment composition as decorative glazes, softwood conditioners, faux finishes (surface treatments which can be created by combining several layers of transparent and translucent coatings together to achieve an impression of faux depth or age), wood stains, and printing inks. This list of uses is illustrative and not complete.
The aqueous surface treatment composition of the present embodiment, upon application to a suitable surface and drying, can be removed at any time with a damp sponge or other similar applicator, unless it has been sealed to the surface. This property is 20709691.8 IS
particularly useful in uses such on walls in apartment dwellings where removable surface treatments are highly desirable.
Sealants compatible with the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention may include but are not limited to oil-modified urethanes, some waterborne sealers and nitrocellulose and catalyzed laquers, and acrylic laquers in aliphatic solvents. In the preferred embodiment, an aliphatic solvent solution of methacrylate esters is used as a sealant surface treatment for the aqueous surface treatment composition.
The speed at which gelation of the aqueous surface treatment composition takes place does not lend itself to the use of conventional mixing apparatus for the preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition. This is particularly true for large-scale preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition. The use of traditional horizontal Z-blade mixers to mix the aqueous surface treatment composition is problematic to adopt in light of the subsequent steps of decanting and dispensing the surface treatments into containers for storage and transport. What is required is an apparatus that can simultaneously and rapidly mix and dispense the aqueous surface treatment.
With reference to FIG. 1, apparatus 10 is used for preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention and includes, in this embodiment, two tanks 12 for the mixing, respectively, of a first solution 14 and a second solution 16. The first solution 14, in this instance, comprises a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent and water.
The pH of solution 14 is acidic. In this embodiment, polymeric water-soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer.
Second solution 16, in this instance comprises a basic neutralizing agent, water and colouring agent. The pH
of this solution is basic. In other embodiments, second solution 16 may not contain a basic neutralizing agent. In other embodiments, solution 16 may contain a polyol. In other embodiments, solution 16 may not contain a colouring agent. Variable speed agitators 18 are 20709691.8 provided for operation in each of tanks 12 in this embodiment, to mix the components of solutions 14 and 16, respectively. Tank 12 containing solution 14 is equipped with immersion heater 20 to regulate the temperature of solution 14. In other embodiments, a heater may be provided in each tank, or more than one heater may be provided in a tank.
Typical desirable temperatures for solution 14 are in the range of 25° C to 100°
C. In a preferred embodiment, solution 14 is heated to 60° C; in another preferred embodiment, it is heated to 80° C.
Solution 14 in tank 12 is heated to aid in the solubility of the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent. Solution 14 is then allowed to cool, to a range of 20 °C to 60 °C, preferably 60 °C. In another embodiment, solution 14 is not heated to solubilize the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent.
Intake conduits 24 extend from tanks 12 to main cylinder assemblies 26, and are equipped with manual flow valves 22 in order to regulate flow of solutions 14 and 16 from tanks 12. Upon activation of pneumatic actuator 28 to an upstroke mode, main cylinder pistons 30 which are engaged within main cylinder assemblies 26, to form pump assembly 27 are activated and, upon engagement of manual flow valves 22 to their open position, solutions 14 and 16 are transported to separate main cylinder assemblies, 26 by force of suction created by the upstroke motion of main cylinder pistons 30 in intake ports 31.
Solutions 14 and 16 pass through intake check valves 32 of check valve assemblies 34 and fill main cylinder assemblies 26. Main cylinder pistons 30 stop at volumes pre-selected using a pneumatic logic control system and intake check valves 32 close. In one embodiment, each cylinder has a maximum volumetric capacity of 2 litres. In another embodiment, the volumetric capacity is greater. In other embodiments, the volumetric capacity is less. In the preferred embodiment, the plungers move simultaneously and at the same rate.
In other embodiments, the plungers move separately and at different rates from each other. Pneumatic actuator 28 is next activated in the downstroke mode causing main cylinder pistons 30 to 20709691.8 create pressure in the cylinder assemblies 26 and discharge ports 38.
Solutions 14 and 16 are transported by way of pressure through discharge check valves 40 of check valve assemblies 34 to static mixer assembly 42 where the two solutions are forced together through mixer vanes 44 of static mixer assembly 42 as gelation occurs. Static mixer assembly 42, in this embodiment, can be variably positioned vertically and can pivotally left or right for ease or storage. The viscosity of aqueous surface treatment composition 46 increases resulting in an increase in backpressure on discharge check valves 40. Automatic discharge valve 48 opens and the aqueous surface treatment composition is dispensed into a receptacle 50 through dispensing head 45 of static mixer assembly 42 at a specific volume ultimately determined by the distance travelled by main cylinder pistons 30 which are controlled using the pneumatic logic control system. Discharge valve 48 engages to a closed position when the downstroke of pneumatic cylinder 76 (not shown in this schematic) is complete and pneumatic actuator 28 resets. Static mixer assembly 42 and dispensing head 45 are mounted on an adjustable positioning slide for ease of set-up.
Apparatus 10 in a preferred embodiment is composed of polypropylene with main cylinder assemblies 26 composed of acrylic. In another embodiment, apparatus 10 is composed of steel coated with electroless nickel, with main cylinder assemblies 26 composed of anodized aluminum tubing. In another embodiment, main cylinder assemblies 26 have anodized chamfered ends.
In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus is employed for intermittent production.
In another embodiment, the apparatus can be employed for continuous production.
In the remaining figures, elements previously described have been given the same reference number.
Referring now to FIG. 2, apparatus 10 is mounted on adjustable positioning slide 52 equipped with handle 54 for ease of movement and lower support rings 60 are used to help 20709691.8 position and secure tanks 12. Manual flow valves 22 are variable positioning and, in this embodiment, includes a position that allows for delivery of water, either by positive flushing force or via suction force, for cleaning of the apparatus, including pumping assembly 27.
Tanks 12 include hatch covers 56 that can be in an open or closed position relative to tanks 12. In this embodiment, variable speed agitators 18 are controlled with air motors 58. Pump assembly 27 includes positive stop collar 62 mounted to drive bracket 64 which is attached to piston rod 66 to regulate the distance pistons 30 travel upward.
Referring now to FIG. 3, which is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1, there is shown adjustable bench 68 which positions receptacle 50 in position for receiving the final compositions from dispensing head 45 of static mixer assembly 42. Static mixer assembly 42 and dispensing head 45 can slide up and down on support rod 69 thus allowing for dispensing at variable heights.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the variable positioning static mixer assembly 42.
Referring now to FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 8, there is shown a detailed side view, and a top view of dispensing head 45 and static mixer assembly 42 of FIG. 1.
Assembly 42 includes an internal mixer, in this embodiment, mixer vanes 44, valves 78 for passage of the first and second solution into the assembly, and passage 72 through which the mixed composition passes prior to entering central channel 74 of dispensing head 45.
Pneumatic cylinder 70 forces the downward motion of plunger 72 which, in turn, activates opening of the Automatic discharge valve 48 through which the aqueous surface treatment composition passes into a receptacle. Discharge valve 48 engages to a closed position when the downstroke of pneumatic cylinder 70 is complete. In this embodiment, pneumatic cylinder is spring loaded.
20709691.8 Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a partial front view of pumping assembly 27 of FIG. 1, showing the pneumatic actuator 28 and only one cylinder 26 and piston 30.
Pumping assembly contains, in this embodiment, aft head flange 80, fore head flange 82 and piston seal 84.
EXAMPLES
The compositions are hereinafter described more specifically by way of examples.
However, the present invention is not restricted to the examples.
EXAMPLE I
0.5 gram of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride 1,9-decadiene crosspolymer (StabilezeTM) was added to 99 g of deionized water at 80° C with constant stirring and agitation for about minutes. A translucent liquid developed which indicated that the crosslinked copolymer was hydrolysed (pH 2.5). The dispersion was cooled to 60° C and then 0.5 g of sodium hydroxide was added. A homogeneous clear gel of the hydrolyzed, crosslinked copolymer was obtained within several minutes. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH 7. The gel was applied by brush to a wooden substrate forming a non-film forming surface treatment thereon.
EXAMPLE II
Example I was repeated except that a different base, triethanolamine, was substituted for sodium hydroxide. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH 7. The gel was applied by brush to a wooden substrate forming a non-protective film-forming surface treatment thereon.
20709691.8 EXAMPLE III
A first solution was prepares by addition of one gram of StabilezeTM to 99 g of deionized water at 80° C with constant stirring and agitation for about 20 minutes. A translucent liquid developed which indicated that the dispersed, crosslinked copolymer was hydrolysed (approximately pH 2.5). The dispersion was cooled to 60° C. A second solution was prepared by addition of 1.0 gram of triethanolamine to 99.0 grams of water and mixed.
The pH of the second solution was between 9.5 and 12. Fifty grams of the first solution and 50 grams of the second solution were added and a homogeneous clear gel of the hydrolysed, crosslinked 10 copolymer was obtained almost instantaneously. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH
6.5 - 7.5. The surface treatment composition of example III by percent weight is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.0 STABILEZETM 0.50 Triethanolamine 0. S
Total 100.00 EXAMPLE IV
Example III was repeated except that a different base, 0.2 g of sodium hydroxide. is added to 99.8 g of water in the second solution. The surface treatment composition of example IV is given below:
20709691.8 Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.4 STABILEZETM 0.50 Sodium hydroxide 0.10 Total 100.00 EXAMPLE V
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.1 g of water and 0.9 g of STABLLEZETM, and in the second solution, 43.89 g of water was combined with 41.74 g of propylene glycol, followed by addition of 0.58 g of triethanolamine, then 9.72 g of AquasperseTM brown, 4.86 g of AquasperseTM red oxide, and 1.32 g of AquasperseTM Black as colouring agents. The resulting wood stain surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 71.49 propylene glycol 20.87 AquasperseTM Brown 4.86 AquasperseTM red 1.36 oxide AquasperseTM Black 0.68 STABILEZETM 0.45 Triethanolamine 0.29 Total 100.00 20709691.8 Upon combining all components, the resulting wood stain surface treatment composition was a thixotropic liquid with an overall pH of 7Ø
EXAMPLE VI
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.22 g of water and 0.78 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 22.57 g of water was combined with 58.76 g of propylene glycol, followed by addition of 0.3.11 g of triethanolamine, then 15.54 g of AquasperseTM white a as colouring agent. The resulting colouring glaze surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 67.78 propylene glycol 24.16 AquasperseTM white6.39 STABILEZETM 0.39 Triethanolamine 1.28 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting colouring glaze surface treatment composition was a semi-gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
20709691.8 EXAMPLE VII
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.0 g of water and 1.0 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 88.6 g of water was combined with 0.4 g of sodium hydroxide, then 1.0 g of AquasperseTM blue and 10.0 g of pearl powder as colouring agents. The resulting faux finishing surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 93. 80 pearl powder 5.00 AquasperseTM blue0.50 STABILEZETM 0. 50 Sodium hydroxide 0.20 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting faux finish surface treatment composition was a gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
EXAMPLE VIII
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99 g of water and 1.0 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 99.6 g of water was combined with 0.4 g of 20709691.8 sodium hydroxide. The resulting softwood conditioner surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.30 STABILEZETM 0. 50 Sodium hydroxide 0.20 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting softwood conditioner composition was a gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
20709691.8
Patent Nos. 5,874,495 and 4,138,381.
Another drawback of the current emulsion-based aqueous coating compositions is the detrimental effects of aqueous coating compositions on substrates that are of a porous or cellulose nature such as wood fibres. Grain raising, lap marks, distension and distortion may result after an emulsion-based aqueous coating composition has been applied due to the water-borne nature of the coatings.
Finally, the appearance of emulsion-based aqueous surface treatments can be a drawback. Emulsion-based aqueous coating compositions often retain an aesthetically undesirable turbid characteristic.
In order to compete with more conventional solvent-based coating systems, the aesthetic and physical properties of aqueous based coatings must be comparable. Alternative coating systems and compositions, and methods and apparatus for creating such systems and compositions are desirable.
20709691.8 Brief Summary of the Invention In a first aspect of the present invention what is provided is an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising a polymeric water soluble thickening agent, water, and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents, wherein the percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition further comprises one or more than one colouring agent, or one or more than one polyol, or combinations thereof.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent has a Tg greater than 30° C.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the polymeric water soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer and the aqueous surface treatment composition is prepared, in part, by hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymer to the corresponding carboxylic acid groups, followed by neutralization using a basic neutralizing agent.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition can be non-film forming upon application to a suitable substrate or film forming upon application to a suitable surface.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the aqueous surface treatment composition further comprises a polyol present at sufficient wt % such that, upon application of the surface treatment to a suitable surface, the surface treatment possesses a re-wettable edge.
20709691.8 In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing a temporary surface treatment on a substrate comprising applying the surface treatment composition of the present invention to a substrate and allowing the composition to dry. As such, the surface treatment is subsequently removable upon application of water to the composition. Drying may take place under ambient temperatures or with the use of radiant heat.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing a permanent surface treatment on a substrate by applying the surface treatment composition of the present invention to a substrate and allowing the composition to dry; followed by application of a sealant coating over the dried composition of the present invention. The sealant is allowed to dry to form a protective coating over the surface treatment composition. Drying may take place under ambient temperatures or with the use of radiant heat.
In a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition, comprising the steps of adding a polymeric water soluble thickening agent to water, agitating the water and thickening agent solution until the polymeric agent is dispersed in the water and hydrolysed, and adding a basic neutralizing agent in sufFcient quantity such that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising the steps of preparing a first solution comprising water and a polymeric water soluble thickening agent; preparing a second solution comprising water and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents; and combining and mixing the solutions such that a viscous surface treatment composition is formed.
20709691.8 In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second solution further comprises one or more than one colouring agent, or one or more than one polyol, or combinations thereof.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention the first solution is acidic in pH and the second solution is basic in pH.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the water soluble thickening agent in the first solution is hydrolysed, and the hydrolysed solution is cooled to about 20° C to 60° C, prior to mixing with the second solution.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, the final surface treatment composition has a pH between 6 and 8. In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, the final surface treatment composition has a pH of 7.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for the preparation and dispensing of composition including aqueous surface treatment compositions, comprising a plurality of mixing chambers for containing components of an aqueous surface treatment composition, each chamber having an outlet for passage of components of the composition from the mixing chamber; at least one mixing apparatus operatively connected to the mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of the components of the composition in the mixing chambers; a plurality of pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each having at least one inlet to allow for passage of the components to the pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from the pumping chamber; a passageway extending from each of the mixing chambers to each of the pumping chambers for passage of the components of the surface treatment composition therethrough; a plurality of plungers, one plunger mounted in each of the pumping chambers, and each of the plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from the pumping chamber outlet, each of the plungers including a first portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and 20709691.8 permitting flow of the components outwardly through the outlets of the pumping chambers; a mixer assembly in fluid communication with the pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing the components of the aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of the mixed components from the mixer assembly; and wherein the components of the surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further comprises at least one heating apparatus contained within at least one of the mixing chambers for regulation of temperature of the components of the compositions.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a drive mechanism operatively connected to the plungers to reciprocally drive the plungers movably through the pumping chambers. The internal volume of the pumping chambers are filled with the components of the surface treatment composition by force of suction by way of movement of the plungers away from the outlets of the pumping chambers, and the components of the surface treatment composition are displaced outwardly from the pumping chambers by force of the plungers towards the outlets of the pumping chambers. The drive mechanism can control the distance the plungers move through the pumping chambers thereby controlling the amount of components permitted to flow outwardly through the outlets of the pumping chambers to the mixer assembly.
Brief Descriution of the Drawings For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show the preferred embodiment of the present invention and in which:
20709691.8 g FIG. 1. is a schematic representation of an aqueous surface treatment preparation and dispensing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. S is a side view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the FIG.
1 embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a partial front view of the pumping system of FIG. 1, showing the pneumatic actuator and only one cylinder and piston assembly;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the dispensing head and static mixer assembly of the apparatus of FIG. 1, showing discharge valves for passage of both solutions into the static mixer assembly.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The description that follows, and the embodiments therein, are provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples or particular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purpose of explanation, and not limitation, of those principles and of the invention. These examples include a description of the best mode of practising the invention currently known to the inventors.
As used in this specification, the following terms have the following definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. By low to zero V.O.C. as used herein means that the surface treatment composition does not contain "volatile organic compounds"
20709691.8 defined herein as any organic compound which participates in photochemical reactions; that is any organic compound other than the following which have been excluded because of their negligible photochemical reactivity: methane, ethane, methyl chloroform, acetone, methylene chloride, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CFC-11, CFC-22, FC-23, HF-123, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, and HFC-134a. This is not to be taken as excluding composition which contain very low levels of deliberately or adventitiously added V.O.C.'s such as, for example, V.O.C.'s formed during polymerization of the polymeric water soluble thickening agent, or V.O.C. impurities contained within colouring agents, basic neutralizing agents, polyols, or any other additives. The term "colouring agent" as used herein refers to natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, soluble or insoluble additives which, when added to liquid vehicle, may provide, in addition to colour, additional properties of the composition such as, for example, opacity, hardness, durability. The term includes dispersions and pigments.
The aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention provides an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent, water and one or more basic neutralizing agents. The relative amounts of each component can vary over various ranges, with an effective range of about up to 1% by weight polymeric water soluble thickening agent, and a varying range of percent weight of basic neutralizing agent, depending on its alkalinity. Weight percentages are relative to the total composition. It is also understood that additional additives may be added to the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention.
Polymeric water soluble thickening agents used in this invention are those capable of forming a uniform surface treatment that can bind to a suitable surface at ambient temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the polymeric water soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked lower alkyl vinyl ether and malefic anhydride copolymer as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,539,039, and commercially available under the trademark 20709691.8 "STABILEZE" from ISP (Canada) Inc. When present in quantities up to 1 weight percent in the composition, preferably 0.5 weight percent in a preferred embodiment, the composition is a thixotropic composition. In the preferred embodiment, the composition does not require addition of an additional thickener component to the composition and the thixotropic composition is capable of suspending particulates, including colouring agents such as pigments. As such, the polymeric thickening agent of the present embodiment acts as both a binder for colouring agents and a thickener in the surface treatment composition.
The viscous nature of the surface treatment composition is achieved by addition of a basic neutralizing agent to raise the pH of the composition to a neutral or basic pH value, i.e., 10 7 or above. In a preferred embodiment, the pH is 7. By raising the pH to 7 or above, all of the carboxyl groups of the polymeric agent of the preferred embodiment are maintained in an ionized state. Potentially useful basic neutralizing agents include, for example: ammonia, primary monoamines such as ethylamine and propylamine; alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide; alkyl amines such as N-methylmorpholine and ethylenediamine.
This list is illustrative and not complete.
In a preferred embodiment, the basic neutralizing agent comprises triethanolamine at 0.29% by weight of the total composition. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is present at 1.28% by weight. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is present at 0.1 % by weight. In yet another preferred embodiment, the basic neutralizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide at 0.1 % by weight of the total composition. In yet another preferred embodiment, sodium hydroxide is present at 0.2 % by weight.
In a preferred embodiment, the surface treatment composition is formulated to be modestly film forming upon application to a suitable substrate. In another preferred embodiment, the surface treatment composition is formulated to be non-film forming upon application to a suitable substrate. In a preferred embodiment, sodium hydroxide is used as 20709691.8 the basic neutralizing agent in the film forming composition. In another preferred embodiment, triethanolamine is used as the basic neutralizing agent in the non-film forming composition.
In another preferred embodiment, colouring agents are added to the aqueous coating composition of the present invention. Potentially useful colouring agents include, but are not limited to, finely ground, natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, insoluble or dispersed colourants, synthetic pearls and metallics, organic dyes, inorganic dyes, water soluble dyes, universal colorants. Tint dispersions prepared separately can be added if they are compatible with the basic neutralizing agent. Use of some colouring agents, such as aluminum or metal alloys as colouring agents, may require pretreating prior to addition to the treatment composition mixtures. Colouring agents can cause a change in the pH of the mixture to which they are added. Therefore, the quantity of basic neutralizing agent added to surface treatment compositions can vary depending upon the type and acidity or bacisity of the colouring agent added.
Addition of colouring agents provide a wide colour range and aesthetic quality of surface treatment compositions such as three-dimensional appearance, and can render the surface treatment transparent or translucent. In a preferred embodiment, three colouring agents, AquasperseTM brown, red oxide and black (available from Huls America Inc.) are added in 4.86, 1.36 and 0.68 percent by weight of the total composition, respectively to the aqueous surface treatment composition. In another preferred embodiment, AquasperseTM
white is added in 6.39 percent by weight of the total composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the surface treatment composition of the present invention, one or more polyols are added to the surface treatment composition comprising up to 50 percent by weight of the total composition, the addition of which affords a surface treatment composition with a re-wettable edge upon application to a suitable surface.
20709691.8 Addition of a polyol can increase workability time of the surface treatment and can also provide for the use of water insoluble colouring agents in the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention, by grinding the insoluble colouring agents into the polyol prior to addition to water. In a preferred embodiment, the polyol is propylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment, propylene glycol is present at 20.87 weight percent of the total surface treatment composition. In another embodiment, propylene glycol is present at 24.16 percent by weight of the total composition. Other potentially useful polyols include, for example alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, and 1,4-butanediol;
aliphatic polyetherdiols, such as linear or branched poly(oxyethylene) glycols, poly(oxypropylene) glycols and/or poly(oxybutylene) glycols, and mixed polyetherdiols, such as poly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycols; aromatic or alkyl-aromatic diols, for example 2-alkyl-2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol, bisphenol derivatives; polyols having at least 3 hydroxy groups such as trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and glycerol.
This list is illustrative and not complete.
The aqueous surface treatment coating composition can be formulated to contain zero V.O.C's, low quantities of V.O.C.'s, or high quantities of V.O.C.'s. In one preferred embodiment, propylene glycol is added to an aqueous surface composition comprising water, STABILEZETM, and sodium hydroxide to afford a zero V.O.C. surface treatment composition.
There are a number of ways to prepare the aqueous surface treatment compositions of the present invention. In one embodiment, the polymeric water solu'ole thickening agent is added to water, in quantities up to 1% by weight of the total composition and stirred for several hours until a translucent liquid develops, thus indicating that the polymeric water soluble thickening agent is dissolved in the water. The pH of the solution is acidic, typically pH 2.5. In another preferred embodiment, the water is heated, preferably to 80 °C, prior to 20709691.8 addition of the polymeric agent, followed by constant stirring. A basic neutralizing agent is added in sufficient quantity to raise the pH of the composition to substantially neutral in this embodiment in order to produce a viscous composition. Regulation of the pH can be used as a means to control the thickening of the composition.
In another embodiment for preparation of the aqueous coating composition, the aqueous surface treatment composition is prepared by preparation of two separate solutions, which, upon combination, yield the surface treatment composition. This embodiment is preferred for large-scale preparation of aqueous surface treatment compositions. One solution comprises a polymeric thickening agent and water, and the other comprises water, a basic neutralizing agent and other additives, including, for example, a colouring agents) and a polyol(s). Upon combination, the two solutions form the aqueous coating composition. The first solution, upon addition of the polymeric agent, in a preferred embodiment, is heated to 80 °C and stirred until a translucent liquid develops. The mixture is cooled. The first solution is acidic in pH. The second solution is prepared by addition of a basic neutralizing agent to water, and, for example, a polyol and/or colorant, and other additives. The solution is basic in pH. Quantities of the first solution and the second solution, preferably equal volumetric amounts, are added together, and preferably agitated to produce the desired aqueous surface treatment composition. The composition preferably has a pH of 7. In other embodiments, the pH is between 6 and 8.
The surface treatment compositions of this invention may be applied to a suitable substrate by methods well known in the art of applying surface treatment compositions.
Potential methods for applying the composition include, for example, air-assisted spray, airless spray, brush (including foam and bristle), roller, and rag. This list is illustrative and not complete.
20709691.8 Once applied to the substrate, the surface treatment compositions are typically cured at ambient temperatures, or in some cases at elevated temperatures. The amount of composition applied is not particularly restricted but in a preferred embodiment, it is generally in the range of about 25 microns in terms of surface treatment thickness as dried when the composition is non-film forming. The surface treatment thickness may be higher or lower in other examples. Upon application to a suitable substrate the water and base evaporate to leave a surface treatment. The hydrolysed polymeric agent and pigment revert to a surface treatment with sufficient tack to form a surface treatment. The nature of the gel ensures that the water evaporates outward toward the air and is not absorbed into the substrate.
The present composition can be used for surface treatment of a broad range of surfaces, such as, for example, wood, reconstituted wood, plastics, paper, cementatious substrates and previously primed or coated substrates. Preferred substrates are indoor architectural substrates such as walls, ceilings and floors.
The surface treatment composition of the present invention can be used on bare or sanded wood or latex paint surfaces. It does not necessitate the use of conditioners, pre-stains or sanding sealers. As well, flexibility in formulations of the surface treatment composition of the present invention affords a broad range of formulations. Preferred embodiments include use of the surface treatment composition as decorative glazes, softwood conditioners, faux finishes (surface treatments which can be created by combining several layers of transparent and translucent coatings together to achieve an impression of faux depth or age), wood stains, and printing inks. This list of uses is illustrative and not complete.
The aqueous surface treatment composition of the present embodiment, upon application to a suitable surface and drying, can be removed at any time with a damp sponge or other similar applicator, unless it has been sealed to the surface. This property is 20709691.8 IS
particularly useful in uses such on walls in apartment dwellings where removable surface treatments are highly desirable.
Sealants compatible with the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention may include but are not limited to oil-modified urethanes, some waterborne sealers and nitrocellulose and catalyzed laquers, and acrylic laquers in aliphatic solvents. In the preferred embodiment, an aliphatic solvent solution of methacrylate esters is used as a sealant surface treatment for the aqueous surface treatment composition.
The speed at which gelation of the aqueous surface treatment composition takes place does not lend itself to the use of conventional mixing apparatus for the preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition. This is particularly true for large-scale preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition. The use of traditional horizontal Z-blade mixers to mix the aqueous surface treatment composition is problematic to adopt in light of the subsequent steps of decanting and dispensing the surface treatments into containers for storage and transport. What is required is an apparatus that can simultaneously and rapidly mix and dispense the aqueous surface treatment.
With reference to FIG. 1, apparatus 10 is used for preparation of the aqueous surface treatment composition of the present invention and includes, in this embodiment, two tanks 12 for the mixing, respectively, of a first solution 14 and a second solution 16. The first solution 14, in this instance, comprises a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent and water.
The pH of solution 14 is acidic. In this embodiment, polymeric water-soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer.
Second solution 16, in this instance comprises a basic neutralizing agent, water and colouring agent. The pH
of this solution is basic. In other embodiments, second solution 16 may not contain a basic neutralizing agent. In other embodiments, solution 16 may contain a polyol. In other embodiments, solution 16 may not contain a colouring agent. Variable speed agitators 18 are 20709691.8 provided for operation in each of tanks 12 in this embodiment, to mix the components of solutions 14 and 16, respectively. Tank 12 containing solution 14 is equipped with immersion heater 20 to regulate the temperature of solution 14. In other embodiments, a heater may be provided in each tank, or more than one heater may be provided in a tank.
Typical desirable temperatures for solution 14 are in the range of 25° C to 100°
C. In a preferred embodiment, solution 14 is heated to 60° C; in another preferred embodiment, it is heated to 80° C.
Solution 14 in tank 12 is heated to aid in the solubility of the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent. Solution 14 is then allowed to cool, to a range of 20 °C to 60 °C, preferably 60 °C. In another embodiment, solution 14 is not heated to solubilize the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent.
Intake conduits 24 extend from tanks 12 to main cylinder assemblies 26, and are equipped with manual flow valves 22 in order to regulate flow of solutions 14 and 16 from tanks 12. Upon activation of pneumatic actuator 28 to an upstroke mode, main cylinder pistons 30 which are engaged within main cylinder assemblies 26, to form pump assembly 27 are activated and, upon engagement of manual flow valves 22 to their open position, solutions 14 and 16 are transported to separate main cylinder assemblies, 26 by force of suction created by the upstroke motion of main cylinder pistons 30 in intake ports 31.
Solutions 14 and 16 pass through intake check valves 32 of check valve assemblies 34 and fill main cylinder assemblies 26. Main cylinder pistons 30 stop at volumes pre-selected using a pneumatic logic control system and intake check valves 32 close. In one embodiment, each cylinder has a maximum volumetric capacity of 2 litres. In another embodiment, the volumetric capacity is greater. In other embodiments, the volumetric capacity is less. In the preferred embodiment, the plungers move simultaneously and at the same rate.
In other embodiments, the plungers move separately and at different rates from each other. Pneumatic actuator 28 is next activated in the downstroke mode causing main cylinder pistons 30 to 20709691.8 create pressure in the cylinder assemblies 26 and discharge ports 38.
Solutions 14 and 16 are transported by way of pressure through discharge check valves 40 of check valve assemblies 34 to static mixer assembly 42 where the two solutions are forced together through mixer vanes 44 of static mixer assembly 42 as gelation occurs. Static mixer assembly 42, in this embodiment, can be variably positioned vertically and can pivotally left or right for ease or storage. The viscosity of aqueous surface treatment composition 46 increases resulting in an increase in backpressure on discharge check valves 40. Automatic discharge valve 48 opens and the aqueous surface treatment composition is dispensed into a receptacle 50 through dispensing head 45 of static mixer assembly 42 at a specific volume ultimately determined by the distance travelled by main cylinder pistons 30 which are controlled using the pneumatic logic control system. Discharge valve 48 engages to a closed position when the downstroke of pneumatic cylinder 76 (not shown in this schematic) is complete and pneumatic actuator 28 resets. Static mixer assembly 42 and dispensing head 45 are mounted on an adjustable positioning slide for ease of set-up.
Apparatus 10 in a preferred embodiment is composed of polypropylene with main cylinder assemblies 26 composed of acrylic. In another embodiment, apparatus 10 is composed of steel coated with electroless nickel, with main cylinder assemblies 26 composed of anodized aluminum tubing. In another embodiment, main cylinder assemblies 26 have anodized chamfered ends.
In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus is employed for intermittent production.
In another embodiment, the apparatus can be employed for continuous production.
In the remaining figures, elements previously described have been given the same reference number.
Referring now to FIG. 2, apparatus 10 is mounted on adjustable positioning slide 52 equipped with handle 54 for ease of movement and lower support rings 60 are used to help 20709691.8 position and secure tanks 12. Manual flow valves 22 are variable positioning and, in this embodiment, includes a position that allows for delivery of water, either by positive flushing force or via suction force, for cleaning of the apparatus, including pumping assembly 27.
Tanks 12 include hatch covers 56 that can be in an open or closed position relative to tanks 12. In this embodiment, variable speed agitators 18 are controlled with air motors 58. Pump assembly 27 includes positive stop collar 62 mounted to drive bracket 64 which is attached to piston rod 66 to regulate the distance pistons 30 travel upward.
Referring now to FIG. 3, which is a side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1, there is shown adjustable bench 68 which positions receptacle 50 in position for receiving the final compositions from dispensing head 45 of static mixer assembly 42. Static mixer assembly 42 and dispensing head 45 can slide up and down on support rod 69 thus allowing for dispensing at variable heights.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the variable positioning static mixer assembly 42.
Referring now to FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 8, there is shown a detailed side view, and a top view of dispensing head 45 and static mixer assembly 42 of FIG. 1.
Assembly 42 includes an internal mixer, in this embodiment, mixer vanes 44, valves 78 for passage of the first and second solution into the assembly, and passage 72 through which the mixed composition passes prior to entering central channel 74 of dispensing head 45.
Pneumatic cylinder 70 forces the downward motion of plunger 72 which, in turn, activates opening of the Automatic discharge valve 48 through which the aqueous surface treatment composition passes into a receptacle. Discharge valve 48 engages to a closed position when the downstroke of pneumatic cylinder 70 is complete. In this embodiment, pneumatic cylinder is spring loaded.
20709691.8 Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a partial front view of pumping assembly 27 of FIG. 1, showing the pneumatic actuator 28 and only one cylinder 26 and piston 30.
Pumping assembly contains, in this embodiment, aft head flange 80, fore head flange 82 and piston seal 84.
EXAMPLES
The compositions are hereinafter described more specifically by way of examples.
However, the present invention is not restricted to the examples.
EXAMPLE I
0.5 gram of methylvinylether/maleic anhydride 1,9-decadiene crosspolymer (StabilezeTM) was added to 99 g of deionized water at 80° C with constant stirring and agitation for about minutes. A translucent liquid developed which indicated that the crosslinked copolymer was hydrolysed (pH 2.5). The dispersion was cooled to 60° C and then 0.5 g of sodium hydroxide was added. A homogeneous clear gel of the hydrolyzed, crosslinked copolymer was obtained within several minutes. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH 7. The gel was applied by brush to a wooden substrate forming a non-film forming surface treatment thereon.
EXAMPLE II
Example I was repeated except that a different base, triethanolamine, was substituted for sodium hydroxide. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH 7. The gel was applied by brush to a wooden substrate forming a non-protective film-forming surface treatment thereon.
20709691.8 EXAMPLE III
A first solution was prepares by addition of one gram of StabilezeTM to 99 g of deionized water at 80° C with constant stirring and agitation for about 20 minutes. A translucent liquid developed which indicated that the dispersed, crosslinked copolymer was hydrolysed (approximately pH 2.5). The dispersion was cooled to 60° C. A second solution was prepared by addition of 1.0 gram of triethanolamine to 99.0 grams of water and mixed.
The pH of the second solution was between 9.5 and 12. Fifty grams of the first solution and 50 grams of the second solution were added and a homogeneous clear gel of the hydrolysed, crosslinked 10 copolymer was obtained almost instantaneously. The resulting clear gel has a product of pH
6.5 - 7.5. The surface treatment composition of example III by percent weight is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.0 STABILEZETM 0.50 Triethanolamine 0. S
Total 100.00 EXAMPLE IV
Example III was repeated except that a different base, 0.2 g of sodium hydroxide. is added to 99.8 g of water in the second solution. The surface treatment composition of example IV is given below:
20709691.8 Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.4 STABILEZETM 0.50 Sodium hydroxide 0.10 Total 100.00 EXAMPLE V
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.1 g of water and 0.9 g of STABLLEZETM, and in the second solution, 43.89 g of water was combined with 41.74 g of propylene glycol, followed by addition of 0.58 g of triethanolamine, then 9.72 g of AquasperseTM brown, 4.86 g of AquasperseTM red oxide, and 1.32 g of AquasperseTM Black as colouring agents. The resulting wood stain surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 71.49 propylene glycol 20.87 AquasperseTM Brown 4.86 AquasperseTM red 1.36 oxide AquasperseTM Black 0.68 STABILEZETM 0.45 Triethanolamine 0.29 Total 100.00 20709691.8 Upon combining all components, the resulting wood stain surface treatment composition was a thixotropic liquid with an overall pH of 7Ø
EXAMPLE VI
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.22 g of water and 0.78 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 22.57 g of water was combined with 58.76 g of propylene glycol, followed by addition of 0.3.11 g of triethanolamine, then 15.54 g of AquasperseTM white a as colouring agent. The resulting colouring glaze surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 67.78 propylene glycol 24.16 AquasperseTM white6.39 STABILEZETM 0.39 Triethanolamine 1.28 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting colouring glaze surface treatment composition was a semi-gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
20709691.8 EXAMPLE VII
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99.0 g of water and 1.0 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 88.6 g of water was combined with 0.4 g of sodium hydroxide, then 1.0 g of AquasperseTM blue and 10.0 g of pearl powder as colouring agents. The resulting faux finishing surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 93. 80 pearl powder 5.00 AquasperseTM blue0.50 STABILEZETM 0. 50 Sodium hydroxide 0.20 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting faux finish surface treatment composition was a gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
EXAMPLE VIII
Example III was repeated except that the first solution comprised 99 g of water and 1.0 g of STABILEZETM, and in the second solution, 99.6 g of water was combined with 0.4 g of 20709691.8 sodium hydroxide. The resulting softwood conditioner surface treatment composition of the invention is given below:
Component Percent by weight (%) Water 99.30 STABILEZETM 0. 50 Sodium hydroxide 0.20 Total 100.00 Upon combining all components, the resulting softwood conditioner composition was a gel with an overall pH of 7Ø
20709691.8
Claims (51)
1. An aqueous surface treatment composition comprising:
(a) a polymeric water soluble thickening agent;
(b) water; and (c) one or more than one basic neutralizing agent;
wherein the percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that a surface treatment composition is formed.
(a) a polymeric water soluble thickening agent;
(b) water; and (c) one or more than one basic neutralizing agent;
wherein the percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that a surface treatment composition is formed.
2. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more than one colouring agent.
3. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more than one polyol.
4. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claims 1 wherein said polymeric water soluble thickening agent has a T g greater than 30° C.
5. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claim 1 wherein the polymeric water-soluble thickening agent comprises a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer.
6. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claim 5 wherein said alkyl vinyl ether is methyl vinyl ether.
7. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claims 5 wherein said composition is prepared, in part, by hydrolysis of said anhydride groups of said crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer to their corresponding carboxylic acid groups, followed by neutralization of said carboxylic acid groups with said basic neutralizing agent(s).
8. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claim 1 wherein said basic neutralizing agent(s) is selected from a group consisting of alkanolamines, inorganic hydroxides, organic hydroxides, and amines.
9. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claim 8 wherein said basic neutralizing agent(s) is present at a weight percent sufficient to raise the pH of said composition to about pH 7.
10. The aqueous surface treatment coating composition of claim 3 wherein said polyol(s) is selected from a group consisting of alkylene glycols, aromatic polyols, alkyl polyols, aliphatic polyether diols, linear or branched poly(oxybutylene) glycols, and mixed polyether diols.
11. The polymeric water soluble thickening agent of claim 6 wherein said agent is between 1 and about 5% crosslinked.
12. The polymeric water soluble thickening agent of claim 12 wherein said agent is crosslinked with 1,9-decadiene.
13. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 12 wherein said polymeric water soluble thickening agent is present at from 0.1wt% to 1 wt% of the total composition.
14. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claims 1 wherein said surface treatment composition is non-film forming upon application to a suitable substrate.
15. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claims 1 wherein said surface treatment composition is film forming upon application to a suitable surface.
16. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 14 wherein said basic neutralizing agent comprises triethanolamine.
17. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 15 wherein said basic neutralizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide.
18. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 3 wherein said polyol is present at sufficient percentage such that, upon application of said surface treatment composition to a suitable surface, said surface treatment composition possesses a re-wettable edge.
19. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 18 wherein said polyol comprises propylene glycol.
20. The aqueous surface treatment composition of claim 2 wherein said colouring agent is selected from a group consisting of inorganic dyes, organic dyes, synthetic pearls, synthetic metallics, universal colorants, organic and inorganic pigments, tintants and colourants.
21. An aqueous surface treatment composition comprising:
(a) 0.1 wt% to 1 wt.% of a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers;
(b) 0.0 wt% to 12 wt.% of one or more than one colourants;
(c) 0.0 wt% to 50 wt% of one or more than one polyol;
(d) 0.2 wt % to 2% of one or more than one basic neutralizing agents; and (c) 50 wt% to 99.8 wt % water;
wherein percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that the pH of the surface treatment is sufficient to form a surface treatment composition for application to a suitable surface.
(a) 0.1 wt% to 1 wt.% of a crosslinked alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers;
(b) 0.0 wt% to 12 wt.% of one or more than one colourants;
(c) 0.0 wt% to 50 wt% of one or more than one polyol;
(d) 0.2 wt % to 2% of one or more than one basic neutralizing agents; and (c) 50 wt% to 99.8 wt % water;
wherein percentages of components of said composition are selected in such a way that the pH of the surface treatment is sufficient to form a surface treatment composition for application to a suitable surface.
22. A method of providing a temporary surface treatment on a suitable substrate, the method comprising:
(a) applying said surface treatment composition of claim 1 to a substrate; and (b) allowing said composition to dry, wherein said surface treatment is subsequently removable upon application of water to said surface treatment.
(a) applying said surface treatment composition of claim 1 to a substrate; and (b) allowing said composition to dry, wherein said surface treatment is subsequently removable upon application of water to said surface treatment.
23. A method of providing a surface surface treatment on a suitable substrate, the method comprising:
(a) applying said surface treatment surface treatment composition of claim 1 to a substrate; and (b) allowing said composition to dry;
(c) applying a sealant surface treatment over said dried composition of step (b); and (d) allowing said sealant surface treatment to dry;
whereby said sealant surface treatment forms a protective surface treatment over said surface treatment composition.
(a) applying said surface treatment surface treatment composition of claim 1 to a substrate; and (b) allowing said composition to dry;
(c) applying a sealant surface treatment over said dried composition of step (b); and (d) allowing said sealant surface treatment to dry;
whereby said sealant surface treatment forms a protective surface treatment over said surface treatment composition.
24. The method of providing a surface surface treatment on a suitable substrate of claim 22 wherein step (b) includes drying of said surface treatment composition at ambient temperatures.
25. The method of providing a surface surface treatment on a suitable substrate of claim 23 wherein step (b) includes drying of said composition at ambient temperatures.
26. The method of providing a surface surface treatment on a suitable substrate of claim 22 wherein step (b) includes drying of said surface treatment composition by way of radiant heat.
27. The method of providing a surface surface treatment on a suitable substrate of claim 23 wherein step (b) includes drying of said composition by way of radiant heat.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein the sealant surface treatment is selected from a group consisting of varnishes, oil-modified urethanes, waterborne sealers, nitro-cellulose laquers, and catalyzed laquers.
29. The process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising the steps of:
30 (a) adding a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent to water;
(b) agitating said solution until said polymeric agent is dispersed in said water;
(c) adding a basic neutralising agent in sufficient quantity such to form a surface treatment composition.
30. The process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing a first solution comprising water and a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent;
(b) preparing a second solution comprising water and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents;
(c) combining and mixing said first solution from step (a) with said second solution from step to form a surface treatment composition.
(b) agitating said solution until said polymeric agent is dispersed in said water;
(c) adding a basic neutralising agent in sufficient quantity such to form a surface treatment composition.
30. The process for the preparation of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing a first solution comprising water and a polymeric water-soluble thickening agent;
(b) preparing a second solution comprising water and one or more than one basic neutralizing agents;
(c) combining and mixing said first solution from step (a) with said second solution from step to form a surface treatment composition.
31. The process of claim 29 wherein the composition further comprises adding one or more than one colouring agent to the surface treatment composition.
32. The process of claim 30 wherein the solution in step (b) further comprises one or more than one colouring agent.
33. The process of claim 29 wherein the composition further comprises adding one or more than one polyol.
34. The process of claim 30 wherein the solution in step (b) further comprises one or more than one polyol.
35. The process of claim 30 wherein the solution in step (a) is acidic in nature and wherein the solution in step (b) is basic in nature.
36. The process of claim 30 further comprising the step of heating said solution in step (a) to hydrolyse said polymeric water soluble thickening agent, and the hydrolyzed solution is cooled to between 20° C to 60° C.
37. The process of claims 29 wherein the aqueous surface treatment composition has a pH of 7.
38. The process of claims 30 wherein the aqueous surface treatment composition has a pH of 7.
39. An apparatus for the preparation and dispensing of an aqueous surface treatment composition comprising:
(a) a plurality of mixing chambers for containing components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, each chamber having an outlet for passage of components of said composition from said chamber;
(b) at least one mixing apparatus operatively connected to said mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of said components of said composition in said chambers;
(c) a plurality of pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each of said pumping chambers having at least one inlet to allow for passage of said components to said pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from said pumping chamber;
(d) a passageway extending from each of said mixing chambers to each of said pumping chambers for passage of said components of said surface treatment composition therethrough;
(e) a plurality of plungers, each of said plungers mounted in each of said pumping chambers, and each of said plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from said pumping chamber outlet, each of said plungers including a portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and permitting flow of said components outwardly through said outlets of said pumping chambers;
(f) a mixer assembly in fluid communication with said pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing said components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of said mixed components from said mixer assembly; and wherein said components of said surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
(a) a plurality of mixing chambers for containing components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, each chamber having an outlet for passage of components of said composition from said chamber;
(b) at least one mixing apparatus operatively connected to said mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of said components of said composition in said chambers;
(c) a plurality of pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each of said pumping chambers having at least one inlet to allow for passage of said components to said pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from said pumping chamber;
(d) a passageway extending from each of said mixing chambers to each of said pumping chambers for passage of said components of said surface treatment composition therethrough;
(e) a plurality of plungers, each of said plungers mounted in each of said pumping chambers, and each of said plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from said pumping chamber outlet, each of said plungers including a portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and permitting flow of said components outwardly through said outlets of said pumping chambers;
(f) a mixer assembly in fluid communication with said pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing said components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of said mixed components from said mixer assembly; and wherein said components of said surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
40. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a heating apparatus contained within said mixing chamber for regulation of temperature of said components.
41. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the inner wall of said pumping chamber is substantially cylindrical in shape.
42. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a drive mechanism operatively connected to said plungers to reciprocally drive said plungers movably through said pumping chambers, such that the internal volume of said pumping chambers are filled with said components of said surface treatment composition by force of suction by way of movement of said plungers away from said outlets of said pumping chambers, and such that said components of said surface treatment composition are displaced outwardly from said pumping chambers by force of said plungers towards said outlets of said pumping chambers.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said drive mechanism controls the distance said plungers move through said pumping chambers thereby controlling the amount of said components permitted to flow outwardly through said outlets of said pumping chambers to said mixer assembly.
44. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said drive mechanism comprises a pneumatic logic control system.
45. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said mixing apparatus comprises variable speed agitators.
46. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein a manual flow valve is operatively connected to each of said passageways for regulating flow of said components from said mixing chambers.
47. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein an intake check valves is operatively connected to each of said pumping chambers for regulating flow of said components into said pumping chambers.
48. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a dispensing head operatively attached to said mixer assembly for dispensing of surface treatment composition therethrough.
49. The dispensing head of claim 48 further comprising an automatic discharge valve.
50. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said dispensing head and said mixing assembly are mounted on an adjustable positioning slide for easy removal of said dispensing head and said mixing assembly from said apparatus.
51. An apparatus for the preparation and dispensing of a gelatinous surface treatment composition comprising:
(a) two mixing chambers, each for containing components of said surface treatment composition, and each chamber having an outlet for passage of components from said chambers;
(b) two mixing apparatus, each operatively connected to said mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of said components of said composition in said chambers;
(c) two pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each of said pumping chambers having at least one inlet to allow for passage of said components to said pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from said pumping chamber;
(d) a passageway extending from each of said mixing chambers to each of said pumping chambers for passage of said components of said surface treatment composition therethrough;
(e) two plungers, each of said plungers mounted in each of said pumping chambers, and each of said plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from said pumping chamber outlet, each of said plungers including a first portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and permitting flow of said components outwardly through said outlets of said pumping chambers;
(f) a mixer assembly in fluid communication with said pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing and combining said components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of said mixed components from said mixer assembly; and wherein said components of said surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
(a) two mixing chambers, each for containing components of said surface treatment composition, and each chamber having an outlet for passage of components from said chambers;
(b) two mixing apparatus, each operatively connected to said mixing chambers so as to permit mixing of said components of said composition in said chambers;
(c) two pumping chambers, each defining an inner volume, and each of said pumping chambers having at least one inlet to allow for passage of said components to said pumping chamber, and at least one outlet to allow for passage of components from said pumping chamber;
(d) a passageway extending from each of said mixing chambers to each of said pumping chambers for passage of said components of said surface treatment composition therethrough;
(e) two plungers, each of said plungers mounted in each of said pumping chambers, and each of said plungers being reciprocally movable toward and from said pumping chamber outlet, each of said plungers including a first portion sized to extend sealingly through the pumping chamber and permitting flow of said components outwardly through said outlets of said pumping chambers;
(f) a mixer assembly in fluid communication with said pumping chambers, and including mixing means for mixing and combining said components of said aqueous surface treatment composition, and an outlet for passage of said mixed components from said mixer assembly; and wherein said components of said surface treatment composition are simultaneously mixed and dispensed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2307270 CA2307270A1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | Aqueous surface treatment compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2307270 CA2307270A1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | Aqueous surface treatment compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2307270A1 true CA2307270A1 (en) | 2001-10-28 |
Family
ID=4166042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2307270 Abandoned CA2307270A1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | Aqueous surface treatment compositions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2307270A1 (en) |
-
2000
- 2000-04-28 CA CA 2307270 patent/CA2307270A1/en not_active Abandoned
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