CA2347728A1 - Cathode utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses - Google Patents
Cathode utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2347728A1 CA2347728A1 CA002347728A CA2347728A CA2347728A1 CA 2347728 A1 CA2347728 A1 CA 2347728A1 CA 002347728 A CA002347728 A CA 002347728A CA 2347728 A CA2347728 A CA 2347728A CA 2347728 A1 CA2347728 A1 CA 2347728A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cathode according
- titanium
- metal
- cathode
- zirconium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 nobium Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
- C25B11/063—Valve metal, e.g. titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne une cathode comprenant un substrat électro-conducteur en un élément choisi dans le groupe formé de titane, nickel, tantale, zirconium, nobium, le fer et de leurs alliages, revêtu d'un couche intermédiaire d'oxydes à base de titane et d'un métal précieux et d'une couche externe d'oxydes métalliques comprenant du titane, zirconium et un métal précieux. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'une telle cathode pour l'électrolyse de solutions, notamment pour l'électrolyse de solutions aqueuses de chlorures de métaux alcalins.
Claims (16)
1. Cathode pour l'électrolyse de solutions aqueuses, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée par un substrat électroconducteur revêtu d'une couche intermédiaire d'oxydes à base de titane et d'un métal précieux du groupe VIII de la classification périodique des éléments et d'une couche externe d'oxydes métalliques comprenant du titane, du zirconium et un métal précieux du groupe VIII de la classification périodique des éléments.
2. Cathode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le substrat est choisi dans le groupe constitué par le titane, le nickel, le tantale, le zirconium, le nobium, le fer et leurs alliages.
3. Cathode selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le substrat est en titane, en fer ou en nickel.
4. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le métal précieux du groupe VIII de la classification périodique des éléments est le ruthénium, le rhodium, le palladium, l'osmium, l'iridium ou le platine.
5. Cathode selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le métal précieux est le ruthénium ou l'iridium.
6. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la couche intermédiaire est constituée d'oxydes de titane et de ruthénium.
7. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la couche externe d'oxydes métalliques contient des oxydes de zirconium, de titane et de ruthénium.
8. Cathode selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée essentiellement de ZrTiO4 accompagné de RuO2 et éventuellement de ZrO2 et/ou TiO2.
9. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le rapport molaire métal précieux /titane dans la couche intermédiaire est compris entre 0,4 et 2,4.
10. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le rapport molaire zirconium /titane dans la couche externe est compris entre 0,25 et 9.
11. Cathode selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le rapport molaire zirconium /titane est compris entre 0,5 et 2.
12. Cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le métal précieux dans la couche externe est au moins égal à
10 % molaire par rapport aux métaux entrant dans la composition de cette couche.
10 % molaire par rapport aux métaux entrant dans la composition de cette couche.
73. Cathode selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que le métal précieux dans la couche externe représente une quantité molaire comprise entre 30 % et 50 % par rapport aux métaux entrant dans la composition de cette couche.
14. Utilisation d'une cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 pour l'électrolyse de solutions aqueuses de chlorures de métaux alcalins.
15. Utilisation selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les solutions aqueuses de chlorures de métaux alcalins sont des solutions aqueuses de NaCl.
16. Procédé de fabrication de chlore et d'hydroxyde de métal alcalin par électrolyse du chlorure correspondant au moyen d'une cathode selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR99/10659 | 1999-08-20 | ||
| FR9910659A FR2797646B1 (fr) | 1999-08-20 | 1999-08-20 | Cathode utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses |
| PCT/FR2000/002341 WO2001014615A1 (fr) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Cathode utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2347728A1 true CA2347728A1 (fr) | 2001-03-01 |
| CA2347728C CA2347728C (fr) | 2010-10-19 |
Family
ID=9549257
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2347728A Expired - Fee Related CA2347728C (fr) | 1999-08-20 | 2000-08-18 | Cathode utilisable pour l'electrolyse de solutions aqueuses |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6527924B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1125005B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4464023B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100735588B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1205359C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE292696T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU7014300A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2347728C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60019256T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2240152T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2797646B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01003960A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO322413B1 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT1125005E (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001014615A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2852973B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-28 | 2006-05-26 | Atofina | Procede de formation d'un revetement d'oxydes metalliques sur un substrat electroconducteur; cathode activee en resultant et son utilisation pour l'electrolyse de solutions acqueuses de chorures de meteaux alcalins. |
| FR2853329B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-02 | 2006-07-14 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Procede pour former sur un metal un revetement protecteur contenant de l'aluminium et du zirconium |
| US7632535B2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2009-12-15 | De Nora Tech, Inc. | Smooth surface morphology chlorate anode coating |
| ITMI20061974A1 (it) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-17 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Anodo per elettrolisi |
| US20080115810A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-22 | Permelec Electrode Ltd. | Method of reactivating electrode for electrolysis |
| TW200846499A (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-12-01 | Liung Feng Ind Co Ltd | Method of generating hydrogen using dissimilar metal |
| EP2085501A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-05 | Casale Chemicals S.A. | Cathodes haute performance pour électrolyseurs d'eau |
| JP5456744B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-04-02 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 金属電解採取方法 |
| ITMI20102354A1 (it) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-23 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Elettrodo per cella elettrolitica |
| CN102352517B (zh) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-04-30 | 重庆大学 | 一种高活性阴极及其制备方法 |
| WO2013126883A1 (fr) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | Treadstone Technologies, Inc. | Surface métallique électroconductrice et résistante à la corrosion |
| CN102677092B (zh) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-01-14 | 浙江大学 | 一种钛阳极的制备方法 |
| CN102719859A (zh) * | 2012-07-07 | 2012-10-10 | 西安泰金工业电化学技术有限公司 | 一种电沉积镍用钛网阳极及其制备方法 |
| ITMI20122030A1 (it) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-05-30 | Industrie De Nora Spa | Catodo per evoluzione elettrolitica di idrogeno |
| CN104973661B (zh) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-09-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种复合阴极电极及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR101949517B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-02-19 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | 혼합 금속 산화물 코팅층을 포함하는 전기화학적 수처리용 전극, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 수처리 방법 |
| KR102043423B1 (ko) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-11-11 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | 복합 산화물을 코팅한 수처리용 전기전도성 분리막 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN109097790B (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-04-21 | 重庆大学 | 体相析氢电极的制备方法及电解水制氢反应器 |
| US11668017B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2023-06-06 | Water Star, Inc. | Current reversal tolerant multilayer material, method of making the same, use as an electrode, and use in electrochemical processes |
| US11075435B2 (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2021-07-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroplating of niobium titanium |
| CN109553224A (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-02 | 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 | 一种化学镀镍废水处理设备及其方法 |
| WO2020252255A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | Olin Corporation | Revêtement d'électrode |
| US11735802B2 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2023-08-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electroplated metal layer on a niobium-titanium substrate |
| CN114250454B (zh) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-08-04 | 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所 | 一种金属氧化物电极用钛基体防护涂层及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4530742A (en) * | 1983-01-26 | 1985-07-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrode and method of preparing same |
| MX169643B (es) * | 1985-04-12 | 1993-07-16 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Electrodo para procesos electroquimicos, procedimiento para su produccion y cuba de electrolisis conteniendo dicho electrodo |
| JPH09120820A (ja) * | 1990-02-09 | 1997-05-06 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 固体電解質燃料電池用電極及びその製造方法 |
| US5516598A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-05-14 | Polyplus Battery Company, Inc. | Secondary cell using organosulfur/metal charge transfer materials as positive electrode |
| US5582623A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-12-10 | Polyplus Battery Company, Inc. | Methods of fabricating rechargeable positive electrodes |
| JPH08279357A (ja) * | 1995-04-05 | 1996-10-22 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法 |
| JPH1021898A (ja) * | 1996-07-04 | 1998-01-23 | Nippon Glass Fiber Co Ltd | リチウム電池 |
| FR2775486B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-04-07 | Atochem Elf Sa | Cathode specifique, utilisable pour la preparation d'un chlorate de metal alcalin et son procede de fabrication |
-
1999
- 1999-08-20 FR FR9910659A patent/FR2797646B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-08-18 KR KR1020017004951A patent/KR100735588B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 AT AT00958706T patent/ATE292696T1/de active
- 2000-08-18 AU AU70143/00A patent/AU7014300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-18 CA CA2347728A patent/CA2347728C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 ES ES00958706T patent/ES2240152T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-18 JP JP2001518480A patent/JP4464023B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 PT PT00958706T patent/PT1125005E/pt unknown
- 2000-08-18 CN CNB00802314XA patent/CN1205359C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-18 DE DE60019256T patent/DE60019256T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-18 WO PCT/FR2000/002341 patent/WO2001014615A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-18 EP EP00958706A patent/EP1125005B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-18 MX MXPA01003960A patent/MXPA01003960A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-18 US US09/807,915 patent/US6527924B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-19 NO NO20011931A patent/NO322413B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60019256T2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
| CN1205359C (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
| JP2003507580A (ja) | 2003-02-25 |
| EP1125005A1 (fr) | 2001-08-22 |
| CN1348510A (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
| ES2240152T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
| AU7014300A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
| DE60019256D1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
| FR2797646A1 (fr) | 2001-02-23 |
| CA2347728C (fr) | 2010-10-19 |
| US6527924B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
| WO2001014615A1 (fr) | 2001-03-01 |
| KR20010083919A (ko) | 2001-09-03 |
| KR100735588B1 (ko) | 2007-07-04 |
| JP4464023B2 (ja) | 2010-05-19 |
| FR2797646B1 (fr) | 2002-07-05 |
| EP1125005B1 (fr) | 2005-04-06 |
| NO20011931D0 (no) | 2001-04-19 |
| PT1125005E (pt) | 2005-08-31 |
| NO322413B1 (no) | 2006-10-02 |
| NO20011931L (no) | 2001-05-28 |
| MXPA01003960A (es) | 2002-04-24 |
| ATE292696T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
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