CA2192197A1 - Process for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Process for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2192197A1 CA2192197A1 CA 2192197 CA2192197A CA2192197A1 CA 2192197 A1 CA2192197 A1 CA 2192197A1 CA 2192197 CA2192197 CA 2192197 CA 2192197 A CA2192197 A CA 2192197A CA 2192197 A1 CA2192197 A1 CA 2192197A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- decontamination
- pcb
- halogenated hydrocarbons
- thermal treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940052308 general anesthetics halogenated hydrocarbons Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003993 organochlorine pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/28—Organic substances containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e. chalcogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/04—Combined processes involving two or more non-distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A process is disclosed for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, chlorodibenzodioxins or polychlorinated dibenzofurans. The process involves the breakdown of the halogenated hydrocarbons contained in the material requiring decontamination in the presence of at least one crystalline solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous substance such as glass, by introducing mechanical energy into the substance to be treated.
Description
~ . 21 921 ~7 Process for the decont :n~ti~n of matcrials containing ogor -ted hydro~- -rb~nc The invention concerns a process for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbon6 such as polychlorinated biphenyl6, organochlorine pesticides, chlorodibenzodioxins or polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated hydrocarbon have a large spectrum of application in industry and research. For example, they are used as cooling and insulating fluids, lubricants or insecticides, and in particular are also em-ployed as softeners in plastics and for electrical capaci-tors . Due to their f lame resistant properties, polychlorinat-ed biphenyls for example have been used in capacitors, trans-formers and rectifiers and also as protective substances against fire. The use of chlorinated hydrocarbons has dimin-ished due to the suspicion that they are carcinogens; the employment of polychlorinated biphenyl is now prohibited.
However, due to the many years of use of these compounds there still exist very large amounts of r ; n; nrJ stocks which at present are stored at disposal sites. 200,000 t of scrap material from cars containing polychlorinated biphenyl alone lands at disposal sites annually.
Halogenated hydrocarbons have to be stored at sites for special materials . Their disposal causes great dif f iculties because highly toxic polychrlorinated dibenzo-l; n~; n~s and dibenzofurans are formed on incomplete incineration.
Since the incineration of h~logDn~ted hydrocarbons became more and more contentious and was finally prohibited due to - . 2192197 the associated production of the highly toxic materials, other processes have been developed, increasingly since the beginning of the 1980 ' s . Such proces6es for the decontamina-tion of halogenated hydrocarbon6 are known from DE 34 47 337, DE-A-34 43 722, DE-A-38 28 633 and DE 39 18 716. All these processes are based on the pyrolitic decomposition of halo-ginated hydrocarbons.
The difficulties associated ~ith the pyrolitic disposal of halogenated hydrocarbons are the high amounts of energy re-quired for the breakdown of the materials and the accompany-ing high costs. Especially the higher molecular halogenated hydrocarbons such as e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are th~ 1 ly very resistant, as can be concluded from their use as a flame resistant material, so that high temperatures of over 800 C are required to guarantee adequate decomposition.
In view of this situation, the invention has the object to provide a process for the decontamination of materials con-taining halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, chlorodibenzodioxins or poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans which is distiguished by a signifi-cantly lower energy consumption and hence a considerably re-duced cost.
This object is solved in that the process involves the de-composition of halogenated hydrocarbons contained in the material requiring decontamination in the presence of at least one crystalline solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous substance such as glass, by intro-ducing mechanical energy into the substance system. It is assumed that by introducing mechanical energy the contact faces of the starting materials are activated in such a way that a reaction is made possible without the additional supply of heat. In such a so-called tribochemical breakdown between 90 ~ and 99 9~ of the halogenated hydrocarbons con-tained in the starting materials are decomposed.
The introduction of mechanical energy by grinding or prefer-ably pulverising has proved to be particularly advantageous.
The material requiring disposal is ground, with appropriate grinding bodies, in the presence of a crystalline solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, caLcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous sub-stance such as glass, whic~ is either contained in the very material to be disposed of or added to this. The use of a vibration grinding mill or a bead mill have proved to be particularly suitable for this kind of grinding. The process is not only suitable for solid halogenated hydrocarbons be-cause the method does not concern grinding in the normal sense, but rather an activation of the starting materials. An activation by grinding of this kind is also possible for liquids or gases.
In order to still further improve the breakdown of the halo-genated hydrocarbons a thermal treatment can very advanta-geously follow the decomposition process effected by mechani-cal energy. It is particularly advantageous that the conven-tionally ne(cessAry high temperatures, such as for example the 800 C required for the decomposition of PCB, are no longer applicable due to the already effected activation of the substances to be decomposed. According to the invention, the decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons can advantageously already be obtained to less than 10 ppm with temperatures of between 100 C and 500 C, preferably with temperature~ below 350 C. The thermal treatment efficatiously comprises heating .
- 21921q7 to the desired temperature and subsequent heat preserving storage .
Prior to undergoing the d~ ~sition, solid starting mater-ials can advantgeously first be subjected to a comminution.
In the following, the process according to the invention will be described in an exemplary manner by way of examples for the decomposition of PCB.
Example 1 200 g portland cement PZ 35 F DIN 1164 is mixed with 1 g PCB
(chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground for 30 minutes in a vibration grinding mill. After milling, the content of PCB is at 0 . 009 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Example 2 200 g portland cement PZ 35 F DIN 1164 is mixed with 1 g Pcs (Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground for lO minutes in a vibration grinding mill. After milling, the amount of PCB is at 0 . 045 g PCB/kg dry weight.
The substance mixure is subjected to thermal treatment at 300 C for two hours in a closed container. Afterwards, the amount of PCB is 0 . 005 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Example 3 200 g roughly cru6hed slate (Devon/Wissenbach slate) with a particle 6ize of les6 than 5 mm is mixed with 1 g PCB
(Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of s g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground in a vibration grinding mill for 30 minutes. The amount of PCB after grind-ing is at 0 . 008 g/kg dry weight .
Example 4 200 g roughly crushed slate (Devon/Wissenbach slate) with a particle 6ize of less than 5 mm is mixed with 1 g PCB
(Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground in a vibration grinding mill for 10 minutes. The content of PCB after grind-ing is at 0 . 038 g/kg dry weight.
The substance mixture is subjected to thermal treatment at 300 C for two hours in a closed container. Afterwards, the content of PCB is 0 . 004 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Processes in which granite, basalt or serpentine are used in the given examples instead of the cement or the slate show the same results as those cited in the four examples.
Example 5 100 g roughly comminuted capacitors with a content of 22.161g PCB/kg starting material are subjected to a comminution with 100 g quartz sand until a particle size of less than 1 mm is attained. The actual activating grinding which causes the r1r~1 -sition of PCB occurs upon the addition of 100 g calcium oxide . The proportion of PCB af ter this grinding is at 0.732 g/kg starting material. This milled material is subjected to thermal treatment at 450 oc for one hour. The PCB content is then at approx. 0.01 g/kg starting material.
6 2192l97 -It should be noted that the resting time during the thermal treatment can also be increased. The use of higher tempera-tures than given is also possible, although the usual risks exist, specifically above all those of the formation of dioxins and of a vapourization.
By means of a longer resting time during the thermal treat-ment the PCB content can be reduced to less than 1 mg PCB/kg starting material.
The process according to the invention has proved to be effective not only for the disposal of PCB in various ways as is shown by way of the examples, but is equally suitable for the decontamination of other halogenated hydrocarbons which are not given here.
Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorinated hydrocarbon have a large spectrum of application in industry and research. For example, they are used as cooling and insulating fluids, lubricants or insecticides, and in particular are also em-ployed as softeners in plastics and for electrical capaci-tors . Due to their f lame resistant properties, polychlorinat-ed biphenyls for example have been used in capacitors, trans-formers and rectifiers and also as protective substances against fire. The use of chlorinated hydrocarbons has dimin-ished due to the suspicion that they are carcinogens; the employment of polychlorinated biphenyl is now prohibited.
However, due to the many years of use of these compounds there still exist very large amounts of r ; n; nrJ stocks which at present are stored at disposal sites. 200,000 t of scrap material from cars containing polychlorinated biphenyl alone lands at disposal sites annually.
Halogenated hydrocarbons have to be stored at sites for special materials . Their disposal causes great dif f iculties because highly toxic polychrlorinated dibenzo-l; n~; n~s and dibenzofurans are formed on incomplete incineration.
Since the incineration of h~logDn~ted hydrocarbons became more and more contentious and was finally prohibited due to - . 2192197 the associated production of the highly toxic materials, other processes have been developed, increasingly since the beginning of the 1980 ' s . Such proces6es for the decontamina-tion of halogenated hydrocarbon6 are known from DE 34 47 337, DE-A-34 43 722, DE-A-38 28 633 and DE 39 18 716. All these processes are based on the pyrolitic decomposition of halo-ginated hydrocarbons.
The difficulties associated ~ith the pyrolitic disposal of halogenated hydrocarbons are the high amounts of energy re-quired for the breakdown of the materials and the accompany-ing high costs. Especially the higher molecular halogenated hydrocarbons such as e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are th~ 1 ly very resistant, as can be concluded from their use as a flame resistant material, so that high temperatures of over 800 C are required to guarantee adequate decomposition.
In view of this situation, the invention has the object to provide a process for the decontamination of materials con-taining halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, chlorodibenzodioxins or poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans which is distiguished by a signifi-cantly lower energy consumption and hence a considerably re-duced cost.
This object is solved in that the process involves the de-composition of halogenated hydrocarbons contained in the material requiring decontamination in the presence of at least one crystalline solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous substance such as glass, by intro-ducing mechanical energy into the substance system. It is assumed that by introducing mechanical energy the contact faces of the starting materials are activated in such a way that a reaction is made possible without the additional supply of heat. In such a so-called tribochemical breakdown between 90 ~ and 99 9~ of the halogenated hydrocarbons con-tained in the starting materials are decomposed.
The introduction of mechanical energy by grinding or prefer-ably pulverising has proved to be particularly advantageous.
The material requiring disposal is ground, with appropriate grinding bodies, in the presence of a crystalline solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, caLcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous sub-stance such as glass, whic~ is either contained in the very material to be disposed of or added to this. The use of a vibration grinding mill or a bead mill have proved to be particularly suitable for this kind of grinding. The process is not only suitable for solid halogenated hydrocarbons be-cause the method does not concern grinding in the normal sense, but rather an activation of the starting materials. An activation by grinding of this kind is also possible for liquids or gases.
In order to still further improve the breakdown of the halo-genated hydrocarbons a thermal treatment can very advanta-geously follow the decomposition process effected by mechani-cal energy. It is particularly advantageous that the conven-tionally ne(cessAry high temperatures, such as for example the 800 C required for the decomposition of PCB, are no longer applicable due to the already effected activation of the substances to be decomposed. According to the invention, the decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons can advantageously already be obtained to less than 10 ppm with temperatures of between 100 C and 500 C, preferably with temperature~ below 350 C. The thermal treatment efficatiously comprises heating .
- 21921q7 to the desired temperature and subsequent heat preserving storage .
Prior to undergoing the d~ ~sition, solid starting mater-ials can advantgeously first be subjected to a comminution.
In the following, the process according to the invention will be described in an exemplary manner by way of examples for the decomposition of PCB.
Example 1 200 g portland cement PZ 35 F DIN 1164 is mixed with 1 g PCB
(chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground for 30 minutes in a vibration grinding mill. After milling, the content of PCB is at 0 . 009 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Example 2 200 g portland cement PZ 35 F DIN 1164 is mixed with 1 g Pcs (Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground for lO minutes in a vibration grinding mill. After milling, the amount of PCB is at 0 . 045 g PCB/kg dry weight.
The substance mixure is subjected to thermal treatment at 300 C for two hours in a closed container. Afterwards, the amount of PCB is 0 . 005 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Example 3 200 g roughly cru6hed slate (Devon/Wissenbach slate) with a particle 6ize of les6 than 5 mm is mixed with 1 g PCB
(Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of s g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground in a vibration grinding mill for 30 minutes. The amount of PCB after grind-ing is at 0 . 008 g/kg dry weight .
Example 4 200 g roughly crushed slate (Devon/Wissenbach slate) with a particle 6ize of less than 5 mm is mixed with 1 g PCB
(Chlophen A 30). This corresponds to a PCB content of 5 g PCB/kg dry weight. The substances are ground in a vibration grinding mill for 10 minutes. The content of PCB after grind-ing is at 0 . 038 g/kg dry weight.
The substance mixture is subjected to thermal treatment at 300 C for two hours in a closed container. Afterwards, the content of PCB is 0 . 004 g PCB/kg dry weight .
Processes in which granite, basalt or serpentine are used in the given examples instead of the cement or the slate show the same results as those cited in the four examples.
Example 5 100 g roughly comminuted capacitors with a content of 22.161g PCB/kg starting material are subjected to a comminution with 100 g quartz sand until a particle size of less than 1 mm is attained. The actual activating grinding which causes the r1r~1 -sition of PCB occurs upon the addition of 100 g calcium oxide . The proportion of PCB af ter this grinding is at 0.732 g/kg starting material. This milled material is subjected to thermal treatment at 450 oc for one hour. The PCB content is then at approx. 0.01 g/kg starting material.
6 2192l97 -It should be noted that the resting time during the thermal treatment can also be increased. The use of higher tempera-tures than given is also possible, although the usual risks exist, specifically above all those of the formation of dioxins and of a vapourization.
By means of a longer resting time during the thermal treat-ment the PCB content can be reduced to less than 1 mg PCB/kg starting material.
The process according to the invention has proved to be effective not only for the disposal of PCB in various ways as is shown by way of the examples, but is equally suitable for the decontamination of other halogenated hydrocarbons which are not given here.
Claims (6)
1. Process for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbons, in particular cyclic chlorina-ted hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or-ganochlorine pesticides, chlorodiibenzodioxins or poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n that the process involves the decomposition of halo-genated hydrocarbons contained in the material requiring decontamination in the presence of at least one crystal-line solid such as cement, quartz, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and/or slate and/or in the presence of at least one amorphous substance such as glass, by introducing tribomechanical energy in the form of grinding, prefer-ably pulverisation, into the substance system.
2. Process according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n that the grinding is performed in a vibration grind-ing mill or a bead mill.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r -i s e d i n that the mixture obtained after decomposi-tion is subjected to a thermal treatment.
4. Process according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n that the thermal treatment occurs at a temperature of between 100°C and 500°C, preferably at a temperature of less than 350°C.
5. Process according to claim 3 or 4, c h a r a c t e r -i s e d i n that the thermal treatment comprises heat-ing to the desired temperature and subsequent heat re-taining storage.
6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, c h a r -a c t e r i s e d i n that solid starting materials are subjected to a comminution prior to undergoing decom-position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944420400 DE4420400A1 (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1994-06-08 | Process for decontamination of substances containing polychlorinated biphenyls |
| DEP4420400.0 | 1994-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2192197A1 true CA2192197A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Family
ID=6520335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2192197 Abandoned CA2192197A1 (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1995-06-03 | Process for the decontamination of materials containing halogenated hydrocarbons |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0765180A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09510144A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2192197A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4420400A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995033522A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001083038A1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-08 | Environmental Decontamination Limited | Detoxification of halogenated compounds in contaminated media |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2799131A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-06 | Jean Pierre Robert Ar Gregoire | Stabilizing animal, urban or industrial waste, specifically to form fertilizer or substitute fuel, by mixing with calcium oxide to cause exothermic reaction and solidifying using calcium oxide particles |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53144872A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-12-16 | Takenaka Komuten Co | Solidification method* solidifying agent and additive aid for wastes |
| DE3443722A1 (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-12 | Foerster Guenther | Process for the thermal disposal of halogen compounds, in particular wastes containing chlorine compounds forming dioxins, phosgene and polychlorinated biphenyls and fluidised-bed reactor for carrying it out |
| DE3447337C2 (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-11-06 | Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Process for the chemical-thermal decomposition of higher halogenated hydrocarbons |
| DE3600644A1 (en) * | 1986-01-11 | 1987-07-16 | Possehl & Co Mbh L | METHOD FOR PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED AND CONTAMINATING SUBSTANCES |
| DE3828633A1 (en) * | 1987-08-29 | 1989-03-09 | Asea Brown Boveri | Process for the utilisation (valorisation) of starting material containing halogenated hydrocarbons |
| DE3918716C1 (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-06-28 | Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De | |
| AT394956B (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1992-08-10 | Strauch Gerhard | PROCESS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTALLY NEUTRAL REMOVAL OF SOLID, LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS POLLUTANTS, AT TEMPERATURES OF 400 - 1,800 DEGREES. WHERE THE POLLUTANTS ARE BONDED TO A CERAMIC COMPOUND OR TO ALUMINUM SILICATE PARTICLES |
-
1994
- 1994-06-08 DE DE19944420400 patent/DE4420400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-06-03 CA CA 2192197 patent/CA2192197A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-03 EP EP95921835A patent/EP0765180A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-03 JP JP8500361A patent/JPH09510144A/en active Pending
- 1995-06-03 WO PCT/EP1995/002160 patent/WO1995033522A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001083038A1 (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-08 | Environmental Decontamination Limited | Detoxification of halogenated compounds in contaminated media |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09510144A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
| DE4420400A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| EP0765180A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
| WO1995033522A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
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