CA2009063A1 - Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided materials - Google Patents
Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2009063A1 CA2009063A1 CA002009063A CA2009063A CA2009063A1 CA 2009063 A1 CA2009063 A1 CA 2009063A1 CA 002009063 A CA002009063 A CA 002009063A CA 2009063 A CA2009063 A CA 2009063A CA 2009063 A1 CA2009063 A1 CA 2009063A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- opening
- equipment
- removal
- classifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method and an equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material. The material is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device and a pressurized equaliza-tion tank into a fluidization chamber . A fluidized gas-solids suspension received, is accelerated through ac-celeration nozzles into a grinding chamber of a coun-ter-jet grinder so as to grind the solid particles.
The ground gas-solids suspension is passed through a con-necting pipe into a centrifugal classifier . A fine fraction is removed as a gas suspension through an opening . Additional air of low pressure is passed into the connecting pipe and the coarse fraction is removed from the centrifugal classifier through a removal opening in the peripheral face of the classifier into a poc-ket outside said peripheral face, whereby the coarse fraction in the pocket is removed batchwise by means of a closing device .
The ground gas-solids suspension is passed through a con-necting pipe into a centrifugal classifier . A fine fraction is removed as a gas suspension through an opening . Additional air of low pressure is passed into the connecting pipe and the coarse fraction is removed from the centrifugal classifier through a removal opening in the peripheral face of the classifier into a poc-ket outside said peripheral face, whereby the coarse fraction in the pocket is removed batchwise by means of a closing device .
Description
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-Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material The present invention concerns a method and an equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material, wherein the material is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device into a pressurized egualization tank, out of the equalization tank the material is fed by means of a screw conveyor as a uniform flow into a fluidization chamber, wherein process gas is fed to among the material particles to prodùce a gas-solids suspension, and the gas-solids suspension produced is accelerated, by means of the positive pressure prevailing in the fluidization chamber, through a bifurcation device and through accelera-tion nozzles of a counter-jet grinder, connected to the branch pipes of said bifurcation device, into the grinding chamber in the counter-jet grinder so as to grind the solid particles, and the ground gas-solids suspension produced in the grinding chamber is passed, by the effect of the after-pressure of the grinding chamber, through a connecting pipe into a centrifugal classifier, from which the fine fraction is removed, being carried by the gas employed in the process, through a substantially axial opening for the removal of the fine fraction.
When a particularly finely divided, especially jet-ground material is processed in classifiers base~d on centrifugal force, it is necessary to aim at a very high inlet velocity as well as at such a gas-solids suspension in which the excess quantity of gas ls very lar~ge. When the difference in size between the solid particles to be~classified is reduced, the difficulties in obtaining a satisfactory result of classification are increased very steeply.
This comes from the fact that, when the particle size is very little, for example 1 ~m and less, the differences in conduct obtainable by means of centrifugal force~between the particles of different sizes are extremely little, , , , , 6~
which imposes very hiyh requirements on the classifier.
In the prior-art embodiments wherein the gas-solids sus-pension rushing out of the jet grinder is passed directly into the classification chamber, the solids content in the gas-solids suspension is relatively high. In order that a good grinding capacity and economy could be ob-tained, it is, namely, required that the solids contents in the gas-solids jets rushing into the grinding chamber are kept at a relatively high level, in order that the probability of collision of the solid particles should be sufficiently high and that the consumption of "expen-sive" high-pressure air should remain within reasonable limits. In order that a good result of classification could be obtained, therefore, attempts have been made to introduce additional air into the classification chamber, e.g., through tangentially directed additional-air nozzles.
In practice, it has, however, been noticed that these additional-air jets cause flow phenomena that disturb the ~0 process of classification, so that, with the prior-art equipments it has proved extremely difficult to obtain a satisfactory result of classification in respect of ultra-fine material.
The difficulties in classification of ultra-fine solid material Come out clearly from an experiment of classifica-tion and grinding, which has been carried out in practice, which is examined from the point of view of calculation, and wherein it has been studied how the velocities of particles of different sizes (density = 2750 g/cm3) are changed as a function of the distance of the particle concerned after the acceleration nozzle that accelerates the gas-solids suspension. The following table gives the theoretical values for the deceleration of particles of different sizes after the nozzl.e from the initial velocity vpO as the distance becomes longer. The table also clearly indicates the significance of the feed-in velocity of the particles for classification and griDding.
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-Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material The present invention concerns a method and an equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material, wherein the material is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device into a pressurized egualization tank, out of the equalization tank the material is fed by means of a screw conveyor as a uniform flow into a fluidization chamber, wherein process gas is fed to among the material particles to prodùce a gas-solids suspension, and the gas-solids suspension produced is accelerated, by means of the positive pressure prevailing in the fluidization chamber, through a bifurcation device and through accelera-tion nozzles of a counter-jet grinder, connected to the branch pipes of said bifurcation device, into the grinding chamber in the counter-jet grinder so as to grind the solid particles, and the ground gas-solids suspension produced in the grinding chamber is passed, by the effect of the after-pressure of the grinding chamber, through a connecting pipe into a centrifugal classifier, from which the fine fraction is removed, being carried by the gas employed in the process, through a substantially axial opening for the removal of the fine fraction.
When a particularly finely divided, especially jet-ground material is processed in classifiers base~d on centrifugal force, it is necessary to aim at a very high inlet velocity as well as at such a gas-solids suspension in which the excess quantity of gas ls very lar~ge. When the difference in size between the solid particles to be~classified is reduced, the difficulties in obtaining a satisfactory result of classification are increased very steeply.
This comes from the fact that, when the particle size is very little, for example 1 ~m and less, the differences in conduct obtainable by means of centrifugal force~between the particles of different sizes are extremely little, , , , , 6~
which imposes very hiyh requirements on the classifier.
In the prior-art embodiments wherein the gas-solids sus-pension rushing out of the jet grinder is passed directly into the classification chamber, the solids content in the gas-solids suspension is relatively high. In order that a good grinding capacity and economy could be ob-tained, it is, namely, required that the solids contents in the gas-solids jets rushing into the grinding chamber are kept at a relatively high level, in order that the probability of collision of the solid particles should be sufficiently high and that the consumption of "expen-sive" high-pressure air should remain within reasonable limits. In order that a good result of classification could be obtained, therefore, attempts have been made to introduce additional air into the classification chamber, e.g., through tangentially directed additional-air nozzles.
In practice, it has, however, been noticed that these additional-air jets cause flow phenomena that disturb the ~0 process of classification, so that, with the prior-art equipments it has proved extremely difficult to obtain a satisfactory result of classification in respect of ultra-fine material.
The difficulties in classification of ultra-fine solid material Come out clearly from an experiment of classifica-tion and grinding, which has been carried out in practice, which is examined from the point of view of calculation, and wherein it has been studied how the velocities of particles of different sizes (density = 2750 g/cm3) are changed as a function of the distance of the particle concerned after the acceleration nozzle that accelerates the gas-solids suspension. The following table gives the theoretical values for the deceleration of particles of different sizes after the nozzl.e from the initial velocity vpO as the distance becomes longer. The table also clearly indicates the significance of the feed-in velocity of the particles for classification and griDding.
:: ' ~ ' . .
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Particle Theoretical deceleration at a distance of size 1 cm 3 cm 5 cm 10 cm ~m m/s m/s m/s m/s 1 decelerated immediately to the velocity of the gas effective in the space 180 decelerated to the velocity of the gas effective in the space f From the table it comes out that particles of a size of 1 and 5 ~m are almost immediately adapted to the velocity of the gas effective in the space, so that separation of particles of 5 ~m from a gas-solids suspension is very difficult and requires a classification chamber of rela-tively small diameter.
Coarse fraction is very often removed from classifiers as a continuous gas-solids suspension flow, whereby a con-siderable amount of fine material is also xemoved from the classifier along with the coarse fraction. The fine fraction that follows along with the coarse fraction must then be separated from the coarse fraction, e.g., in a separate cyclone or returned with the coarse ~raction into the feeder of the jet grinder, which operations restrict the operation and the capacity of the whole equipment unnecessarily.
The object of the~present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks,~ which is accomplished by means of a method which is characterized in that~additional air of low pressure is passed i~nto~the connecting pipe~so~as to lower the~solids conten~t in~the gas-sollds suspension, and the coarse fraction~is removed from the~centrifugal classifier through a removal openlng placed~in the~periph-:
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eral face of the classifier into a pocket placed outside the peripheral face, and the coarse fraction gathered in the pocket is removed batchwise to normal atmospheric pressure through a closing device placed in the bottom of the pocket.
The other characteristics of the invention come out from the accompanying patent claims.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein Figure 1 is a schematical illustration of an exemplifying embodiment of a processing equipment in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 shows a second exemplifying embodiment of the classifier part in an equipment in accordance with the invention, Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2, and Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of an alternative ~5 embodiment of the classifier.
In its basic embodiment, the equipment in accordance with the invention comprises a mechanical feeder device provided with a feed funnel 1, such as a dual-valve feeder 2, a pressurized equalization tank 4, which is provided with a screw conveyor 3 and which is jointly operative with the feeder 2, an advantageously cylindrical fluidization chamber 5 mounted at the outlet end of the screw feeder, into which chamber process gas is fed through a tangential inlet pipe 6, a bifurcation device 17 connected~to the outlet opening of the fluidization chamber~5~, and accelera-tion nozzles 20,~which are connected to the branch pipes 18 of the bifurcation device and which terminate in the ~: :
:' :, . ,, 2~9~3 grinding chamber of a counter-jet grinder 19, as well as a substantially cylindrical classifier 8, which is con-nected to the outlet opening of the counter-jet grinder 19 by the intermediate of a connecting pipe 7, said connecting pipe 7 terminating in said classifier 8 tangen-tially, and said classifier 8 being provided with a substantially axial opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. The inlet pipe 11 for additional air is con-nected to the connecting pipe 7 at a sharp an~le, and in the peripheral face of the narrow centrifu~al classifier 8 there is an opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, said opening passing into a pocket 12 placed outside the peripheral face, a closing member 13 being placed in the bottom of said pocket.
Fresh material is fed into the feed funnel 1 of the equipment by means of a screw feeder 21. From the feed ~unnel 1 the material to be processed falls into the tank o~ the dual-valve feeder 2 when the upper valve 2a is open and when the lower valve 2b is closed. After the tank in the feeder 2 has been filled up to a certain level or, alternatively, after a certain time interval, the upper valve 2a is closed automatically, and the tank of the feeder is pressurized to the desired level by means of process gas. After the pressure has reached the desired level, the supply of gas is switched off and the lower valve 2b in the feeder is opened, whereby the batch contained in the tank of the feeder 2 falls down into the equalization tank 4, wherein a substantially equally high invariable pressure is maintained. Immediately hereupon the valve 2b is closed and the pressure in the feeder 2 tank is lowered to the normal pressure, whereupon the upper valve 2a is opened for a new batch-. The material to be processed which was fed into the equal~ization tank 4 is transferred in a loose state by means of~the screw conveyor ~ as a uniform flow into the fluidization chamber S, where the material is fluidized by means of the process ~as supplied through the pipe 6. As the~process~gas, ::
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advantageously compressed air at a pressure of about 4 to 10 bars is used. The relatively dense gas-solids suspen-sion generated in the fluidization chamber 5 is divided in the bifurcation device 17 into two equivalent component flows, which rush out of the branch pipes 18 of the bifur-cation device 17 into the acceleration nozzles 20 of the counter-jet grinder 19, in which nozzles they are, by the effect of the high pressure prevailing in the ~luidization chamber, accelerated to a supersonic velocity. The gas-solids jets that rush out of the acceleration nozzles 20,which are directed almost one against the other, collide against each other in the middle part of the grinding chamber in the counter-jet grinder 19, whereby the solid particles are ground efficiently. The gas-solids suspen-sion ground in the grinding chamber rushes through theconnecting pipe 7 tangentially into the centrifugal classifier 8. In order to bring the solids content in the gas-solids suspension rushing into the centrifugal classifier to a level optimal in view of the classifica-~0 tion, low-pressure additional air is supplied concurrently into the gas-solids suspension through the inlet pipe 11, which terminates in the connecting pipe 7 at a sharp angle. In Fig. 1 the bifurcation device 17 and the counter-jet grinder 19 have been turned by 90 around the ~5 vertical axis in view of better clarity of illustration.
The classification of the gas-solids suspension rushing into the classifier 8 tangentially takes place by means of centrifugal force. The velocity of the finest particles is lowered almost immediately to the velocity of the gas circulating in the classifier 8, and said particles are removed along with the gas through the axial~opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. On the contrary, the coarser particles retain their velocity ta such an extent longer that they move along the peripheral face of the classifier 8 and rush out of the class1fier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, which is placed in the peripheral face of the classifier, ~, ~
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being gathered in the pocket 12 placed outside the periph-eral face. The coarse fraction gathered in the pocket 12 is removed to the normal atmospheric pressure batchwise through the closing device 13 placed in the bottom of the pocket 12. Since the coarse fraction is not removed out of the pocket 12 as a continuous gas-solids flow, but as periodic solid batches, the finely divided particles do not attempt to escape out of the classifier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction.
In the solution in accordance with Fig. 1, the closing device 13 consists of a dual-valve device. The valves 13a and 1~b in this dual-valve device 13 are advantageouslY
p~ogrammed so that they are alternatingly opened and closed at an adjustable frequency. First the upper valve 13a is opened and remains open for a while so that the tank in the dual-valve device 13 is filled up to a certain level, at which time the valve 13a is closed, and im-mediately thereupon the Iower valve 13b is opened, whereby the batch of coarse fraction that was fed into the tank in the dual-valve device 13 rushes out, e.g., into a tank ~or coarse product or is returned into the feed funnel 1 of the equipment. By the effect of the centrifugal force, a slight positive pressure is developed in the tank of the dual-valve device 13 every time when the valve 13a is open. This positive pressure promotes the removal of the batch of coarse fraction from the tank in the dual-valve device 13 upon opening of the valve 13b. After the tank i~ the dual-valve device 13 has been emptied, the valve 30 1 3b is closed again, and the valve 13a is opened for a new batch. The operations of the valves 13a and 13b in the dual-valve device 13 are preferably programmed so that they are opened and closed alternat~ingly at an adjustable frequency. The frequency is deter~ined, e.g., in accordance with the material to be processed and with the capacity of the equipment.
In the classifier solution shown in Fig. 2, which~has : ' ~.: ' :, .
been turned as a mirror image in relation to the device shown in Fig. 1, the closing device 13 consists of a compartment feeder, in which the speed of rotation of its compartment wheel 22 is adjusted in accordance with the material to be processed and with the capacity of the equipment. The costs of operation and acquisition of a compartment feeder 13 are considerably lower than those of a dual-valve device.
The efficiency of the classifier can be improved further by forming the mantle face of the classifier 8 between the inlet opening 14 for the material-gas suspension and the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction as an adjustable guide winy 15, by whose means the movement of circulation of the material-gas flow taking place in the classifier can be controlled and shaped as desired.
The prevention of escaping of the fine fraction through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction can be intensified further by outside the guide wing 15 ~0 providing an axpanding wedge-shaped acceleration passage 16 for low-pressure flushing air, said passage terminating at the level of the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, in order that a flow geometry favourable in view of the flushing could be obtained. The flushing air is supposed to flow through the removal opening 10 into the classifier 8 and, at the same time, to "flush"
the particles of coarse fraction that are being removed through the removal opening 10, whereby any particles of fine fraction that may follow along with said coarse particles are passed, along with the flushing air, into the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. The flushing air also contributes to the maintaining of the rapid movement of circulation, required by the centrifugal force, in the classifier 8.
The best result is obtained~i~ the acceleration~ passage 16 is shaped as curved, whereby the emphasis of the flushing air is shifted to the vlcin1ty of the outer ~ `
2 ~
circumference. In such a case, flow phenomena that inter-fere with the classification process are reduced decisive-ly, because the jet of flushing air is passed as a narrow layer along the mantle face of the classification chamber.
In front of the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction, it is advantageously possible to arrange, e.g., a rotor 24 operated by an electric motor 23, whose movement of rotation prevents the access of coarser particles into the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction effi-ciently. The optimal speed of rotation depends on the material that is processed. The rotor 24 extends in the axial direction substantially across the entire width of the classification chamber. Since the kinetic energy of the gas-solids flow rushing through the connecting pipe 7 tangentially into the classifier 8 can be utilized as drive energy of the rotor 24, which gives the rotor 24 a considerable initial speed, thus, a power source 23 of considerably lower output is adequate than in the prior-art rotor solutions.
The additional air fed into the connecting pipe 7 and the ~lushing air fed into the classifier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction can be taken avourably out of a common source of low-pressure gas.
In such a case, it is preferable that the inlet pipe 11 or additional air and the inlet duct 16 for flushing air ~re provided with regulation valves 11a and 16a in order to achieve a correct quantitative ratio between these air supplies.
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Particle Theoretical deceleration at a distance of size 1 cm 3 cm 5 cm 10 cm ~m m/s m/s m/s m/s 1 decelerated immediately to the velocity of the gas effective in the space 180 decelerated to the velocity of the gas effective in the space f From the table it comes out that particles of a size of 1 and 5 ~m are almost immediately adapted to the velocity of the gas effective in the space, so that separation of particles of 5 ~m from a gas-solids suspension is very difficult and requires a classification chamber of rela-tively small diameter.
Coarse fraction is very often removed from classifiers as a continuous gas-solids suspension flow, whereby a con-siderable amount of fine material is also xemoved from the classifier along with the coarse fraction. The fine fraction that follows along with the coarse fraction must then be separated from the coarse fraction, e.g., in a separate cyclone or returned with the coarse ~raction into the feeder of the jet grinder, which operations restrict the operation and the capacity of the whole equipment unnecessarily.
The object of the~present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks,~ which is accomplished by means of a method which is characterized in that~additional air of low pressure is passed i~nto~the connecting pipe~so~as to lower the~solids conten~t in~the gas-sollds suspension, and the coarse fraction~is removed from the~centrifugal classifier through a removal openlng placed~in the~periph-:
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:
'~
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eral face of the classifier into a pocket placed outside the peripheral face, and the coarse fraction gathered in the pocket is removed batchwise to normal atmospheric pressure through a closing device placed in the bottom of the pocket.
The other characteristics of the invention come out from the accompanying patent claims.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein Figure 1 is a schematical illustration of an exemplifying embodiment of a processing equipment in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 shows a second exemplifying embodiment of the classifier part in an equipment in accordance with the invention, Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 2, and Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of an alternative ~5 embodiment of the classifier.
In its basic embodiment, the equipment in accordance with the invention comprises a mechanical feeder device provided with a feed funnel 1, such as a dual-valve feeder 2, a pressurized equalization tank 4, which is provided with a screw conveyor 3 and which is jointly operative with the feeder 2, an advantageously cylindrical fluidization chamber 5 mounted at the outlet end of the screw feeder, into which chamber process gas is fed through a tangential inlet pipe 6, a bifurcation device 17 connected~to the outlet opening of the fluidization chamber~5~, and accelera-tion nozzles 20,~which are connected to the branch pipes 18 of the bifurcation device and which terminate in the ~: :
:' :, . ,, 2~9~3 grinding chamber of a counter-jet grinder 19, as well as a substantially cylindrical classifier 8, which is con-nected to the outlet opening of the counter-jet grinder 19 by the intermediate of a connecting pipe 7, said connecting pipe 7 terminating in said classifier 8 tangen-tially, and said classifier 8 being provided with a substantially axial opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. The inlet pipe 11 for additional air is con-nected to the connecting pipe 7 at a sharp an~le, and in the peripheral face of the narrow centrifu~al classifier 8 there is an opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, said opening passing into a pocket 12 placed outside the peripheral face, a closing member 13 being placed in the bottom of said pocket.
Fresh material is fed into the feed funnel 1 of the equipment by means of a screw feeder 21. From the feed ~unnel 1 the material to be processed falls into the tank o~ the dual-valve feeder 2 when the upper valve 2a is open and when the lower valve 2b is closed. After the tank in the feeder 2 has been filled up to a certain level or, alternatively, after a certain time interval, the upper valve 2a is closed automatically, and the tank of the feeder is pressurized to the desired level by means of process gas. After the pressure has reached the desired level, the supply of gas is switched off and the lower valve 2b in the feeder is opened, whereby the batch contained in the tank of the feeder 2 falls down into the equalization tank 4, wherein a substantially equally high invariable pressure is maintained. Immediately hereupon the valve 2b is closed and the pressure in the feeder 2 tank is lowered to the normal pressure, whereupon the upper valve 2a is opened for a new batch-. The material to be processed which was fed into the equal~ization tank 4 is transferred in a loose state by means of~the screw conveyor ~ as a uniform flow into the fluidization chamber S, where the material is fluidized by means of the process ~as supplied through the pipe 6. As the~process~gas, ::
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advantageously compressed air at a pressure of about 4 to 10 bars is used. The relatively dense gas-solids suspen-sion generated in the fluidization chamber 5 is divided in the bifurcation device 17 into two equivalent component flows, which rush out of the branch pipes 18 of the bifur-cation device 17 into the acceleration nozzles 20 of the counter-jet grinder 19, in which nozzles they are, by the effect of the high pressure prevailing in the ~luidization chamber, accelerated to a supersonic velocity. The gas-solids jets that rush out of the acceleration nozzles 20,which are directed almost one against the other, collide against each other in the middle part of the grinding chamber in the counter-jet grinder 19, whereby the solid particles are ground efficiently. The gas-solids suspen-sion ground in the grinding chamber rushes through theconnecting pipe 7 tangentially into the centrifugal classifier 8. In order to bring the solids content in the gas-solids suspension rushing into the centrifugal classifier to a level optimal in view of the classifica-~0 tion, low-pressure additional air is supplied concurrently into the gas-solids suspension through the inlet pipe 11, which terminates in the connecting pipe 7 at a sharp angle. In Fig. 1 the bifurcation device 17 and the counter-jet grinder 19 have been turned by 90 around the ~5 vertical axis in view of better clarity of illustration.
The classification of the gas-solids suspension rushing into the classifier 8 tangentially takes place by means of centrifugal force. The velocity of the finest particles is lowered almost immediately to the velocity of the gas circulating in the classifier 8, and said particles are removed along with the gas through the axial~opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. On the contrary, the coarser particles retain their velocity ta such an extent longer that they move along the peripheral face of the classifier 8 and rush out of the class1fier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, which is placed in the peripheral face of the classifier, ~, ~
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being gathered in the pocket 12 placed outside the periph-eral face. The coarse fraction gathered in the pocket 12 is removed to the normal atmospheric pressure batchwise through the closing device 13 placed in the bottom of the pocket 12. Since the coarse fraction is not removed out of the pocket 12 as a continuous gas-solids flow, but as periodic solid batches, the finely divided particles do not attempt to escape out of the classifier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction.
In the solution in accordance with Fig. 1, the closing device 13 consists of a dual-valve device. The valves 13a and 1~b in this dual-valve device 13 are advantageouslY
p~ogrammed so that they are alternatingly opened and closed at an adjustable frequency. First the upper valve 13a is opened and remains open for a while so that the tank in the dual-valve device 13 is filled up to a certain level, at which time the valve 13a is closed, and im-mediately thereupon the Iower valve 13b is opened, whereby the batch of coarse fraction that was fed into the tank in the dual-valve device 13 rushes out, e.g., into a tank ~or coarse product or is returned into the feed funnel 1 of the equipment. By the effect of the centrifugal force, a slight positive pressure is developed in the tank of the dual-valve device 13 every time when the valve 13a is open. This positive pressure promotes the removal of the batch of coarse fraction from the tank in the dual-valve device 13 upon opening of the valve 13b. After the tank i~ the dual-valve device 13 has been emptied, the valve 30 1 3b is closed again, and the valve 13a is opened for a new batch. The operations of the valves 13a and 13b in the dual-valve device 13 are preferably programmed so that they are opened and closed alternat~ingly at an adjustable frequency. The frequency is deter~ined, e.g., in accordance with the material to be processed and with the capacity of the equipment.
In the classifier solution shown in Fig. 2, which~has : ' ~.: ' :, .
been turned as a mirror image in relation to the device shown in Fig. 1, the closing device 13 consists of a compartment feeder, in which the speed of rotation of its compartment wheel 22 is adjusted in accordance with the material to be processed and with the capacity of the equipment. The costs of operation and acquisition of a compartment feeder 13 are considerably lower than those of a dual-valve device.
The efficiency of the classifier can be improved further by forming the mantle face of the classifier 8 between the inlet opening 14 for the material-gas suspension and the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction as an adjustable guide winy 15, by whose means the movement of circulation of the material-gas flow taking place in the classifier can be controlled and shaped as desired.
The prevention of escaping of the fine fraction through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction can be intensified further by outside the guide wing 15 ~0 providing an axpanding wedge-shaped acceleration passage 16 for low-pressure flushing air, said passage terminating at the level of the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction, in order that a flow geometry favourable in view of the flushing could be obtained. The flushing air is supposed to flow through the removal opening 10 into the classifier 8 and, at the same time, to "flush"
the particles of coarse fraction that are being removed through the removal opening 10, whereby any particles of fine fraction that may follow along with said coarse particles are passed, along with the flushing air, into the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction. The flushing air also contributes to the maintaining of the rapid movement of circulation, required by the centrifugal force, in the classifier 8.
The best result is obtained~i~ the acceleration~ passage 16 is shaped as curved, whereby the emphasis of the flushing air is shifted to the vlcin1ty of the outer ~ `
2 ~
circumference. In such a case, flow phenomena that inter-fere with the classification process are reduced decisive-ly, because the jet of flushing air is passed as a narrow layer along the mantle face of the classification chamber.
In front of the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction, it is advantageously possible to arrange, e.g., a rotor 24 operated by an electric motor 23, whose movement of rotation prevents the access of coarser particles into the opening 9 for the removal of the fine fraction effi-ciently. The optimal speed of rotation depends on the material that is processed. The rotor 24 extends in the axial direction substantially across the entire width of the classification chamber. Since the kinetic energy of the gas-solids flow rushing through the connecting pipe 7 tangentially into the classifier 8 can be utilized as drive energy of the rotor 24, which gives the rotor 24 a considerable initial speed, thus, a power source 23 of considerably lower output is adequate than in the prior-art rotor solutions.
The additional air fed into the connecting pipe 7 and the ~lushing air fed into the classifier 8 through the opening 10 for the removal of the coarse fraction can be taken avourably out of a common source of low-pressure gas.
In such a case, it is preferable that the inlet pipe 11 or additional air and the inlet duct 16 for flushing air ~re provided with regulation valves 11a and 16a in order to achieve a correct quantitative ratio between these air supplies.
.: ` , ,
Claims (13)
1. Method for processing of particularly finely divided material, wherein the material is fed by means of a mechanical feeder device into a pressurized equaliza-tion tank , out of the equalization tank the material is fed by means of a screw conveyor as a uniform flow into a fluidization chamber , wherein process gas is fed to among the material particles to produce a gas-solids suspension, and the gas-solids suspension produced is accelerated, by means of the positive pressure prevailing in the fluidization chamber , through a bifurcation device and through ac-celeration nozzles of a counter-jet grinder connected to the branch pipes of said bifurcation device, into the grinding chamber in the counter-jet grinder so as to grind the solid particles, and the ground gas-solids suspension produced in the grinding chamber is passed, by the effect of the after-pressure of the grinding chamber, through a connecting pipe into a centrifugal classifier , from which the fine fraction is removed, being carried by the gas employed in the process, through a substantially axial opening for the removal of the fine fraction, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that additional air of low pressure is passed into the connecting pipe so as to lower the solids content in the gas-solids suspension, and the coarse fraction is removed from the centrifugal classifier through a removal opening placed in the peripheral face of the clas-sifier into a pocket placed outside the peripheral face, and the coarse fraction gathered in the pocket is removed batchwise to normal atmospheric pressure through a closing device placed in the bottom of the pocket.
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that, through the opening for the removal of the coarse fraction placed in the peripheral face of the centrifugal classifier , flushing air of low pressure is fed into the centrifugal classifier tangentially concurrently.
3. Method as claimed in claim 2, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that the coarse fraction that has been removed by means of the closing device batchwise is returned into the mechanical feeder device.
4. Method as claimed in claim 3, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that compressed air at a pressure of about 4 to 10 bars is fed into the fluidization chamber.
5. Equipment for processing of particularly finely divided material, comprising a mechanical feeder device provided with a feed funnel , an equalization tank which is provided with a screw conveyor and which is fitted underneath the feeder , an advantageously cylindrical fluidization chamber mounted at the outlet end of the screw feeder, in which chamber the process-gas feed pipe 6 terminates tangentially, a bifurcation device connected to the outlet opening of the fluldization chamber , and acceleration nozzles , which are con-nected to the branch pipes of the bifurcation device and which terminate in the grinding chamber of a counter-jet grinder , as well as a substantially cylindrical centrifugal classifier , which is connected to the outlet opening of the counter-jet grinder by the intermediate of a connecting pipe , said connecting pipe terminating in said classifier tangentially, and said classifier being provided with a substantially axial opening for the removal of the fine fraction, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the inlet pipe for additional air is connected to the connecting pipe at a sharp angle, and in the peripheral face of the narrow centrifugal classifier there is an opening for the removal of the coarse fraction, said opening passing into a pocket placed outside the peripheral face, a closing member being placed in the bottom of said pocket
6. Equipment as claimed in claim 5, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that, in the area between the inlet opening for the gas-solids suspension and the opening for the removal of the coarse fraction, the mantle face of the centrifugal classifier is formed as an adjustable guide wing , an expanding wedge-shaped acceleration passage for flushing air, which terminates at the opening for the removal of the coarse fraction, being provided outside said guide wing
7. Equipment as claimed in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r -i 2 e d in that the acceleration passage is curved.
8. Equipment as claimed in claim 6 or 7, c h a r a c -t e r i z e d in that a rotor is fitted in the opening for the removal of the fine fraction.
9. Equipment as claimed in claim 8, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that the closing device is a dual-valve device, whose valves are programmed to open alternatingly at an adjustable frequency.
10. Equipment as claimed in claim 8, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that the closing device is a compartment feeder.
11. Equipment as claimed in claim 9 or 10, c h a r a c -t e r i z e d in that the closing device placed in the bottom of the pocket for the coarse fraction communicates with the feed funnel of the equipment.
12. Equipment as claimed in claim 11, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that the inlet pipe for additional air and the inlet duct for flushing air are drawn from a common source of low-pressure gas.
13. Equipment as claimed in claim 13, c h a r a c t e r -i z e d in that the inlet pipe for additional air and the inlet duct for flushing air are provided with regulation valves.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002009063A CA2009063A1 (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-01-31 | Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002009063A CA2009063A1 (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-01-31 | Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2009063A1 true CA2009063A1 (en) | 1991-07-31 |
Family
ID=4144178
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002009063A Abandoned CA2009063A1 (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-01-31 | Method and equipment for processing of particularly finely divided materials |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2009063A1 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-01-31 CA CA002009063A patent/CA2009063A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19950731 |