CA1201200A - Field component diversity antenna arrangement - Google Patents
Field component diversity antenna arrangementInfo
- Publication number
- CA1201200A CA1201200A CA000414627A CA414627A CA1201200A CA 1201200 A CA1201200 A CA 1201200A CA 000414627 A CA000414627 A CA 000414627A CA 414627 A CA414627 A CA 414627A CA 1201200 A CA1201200 A CA 1201200A
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- antenna
- antenna elements
- field component
- diversity receiver
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The field component diversity antenna arrangement comprises at least a first pair of spaced elemental antenna elements to receive a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment having uncorrelated electric field and magnetic field components and a hybrid circuit coupled to the first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal proportional to the electric field components and a second output signal proportional to the magnetic field component. The spaced elemental antenna elements may be monopole elements or dipole elements.
Description
he present invention relates to antenna arrangements and more particularly to a diversity antenna arrangement to receive a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment.
In the HF (high frequency) and V~F (very high fre-quency) range, space diversity and angle-arr:ival diversity need either many spaced antennas or a large size directional antenna which are often not very practical becaùse of the large wavelength in this frequency range. Polarization diversity has a 3.0 dB (decibel) power degradation by using two polarized transmitting antennas for diversity purposes.
An object of the present invention is to provide a simple diversity antenna arrangement Eor utilization in the HF and V~IF frequency range.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple field component diversity antenna arrangement for the HF and V~F frequency range.
A feature of the presen-t invention is the provision of a field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive uncorrelated electric field and magnetic field components of ~0 a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment com-prising: at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said tran-smitted signal; and a first 180 hybrid circuit coupled -to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
:'`'' ~`~ W.C.Y. Lee - 1 Usually a dipole antenna is used to receive an electric wave and a loop antenna is used -to receive a magnetic field.
In accordance wi-th the principles of the present invention an antenna arrangement will be employed which can receive both the electric field and the magnetic field at the same time. Based upon a multipath fading or reflection phenomena at a sky wave, it has been proved that the electric field component and the magnetic field component are received uncorrelated in a troposcatter communication link or other fading environments.
The reason for using the field component diversity antenna arrangement is that the separation of elemental antenna elements can be much smaller than that required in usual spacediversity. The implementation of this -type of antenna is simple and the signal performance due to this diversity antenna arrangement is effective especially a-t the HF and.VHF frequency range.
Brief Description of the Drawing Above-mentioned and other features and objec-ts of this invention will become more apparent by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accom-panying drawing, in which:
Fig 1 is an illustration of a field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention in a multipath fading environment;
Fig. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a practical field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present inventioni Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna of Flg. 2;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
~.t3~
Figure 5 is a third embodiment of a field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner;
Figure 6 is a fourth embodiment of the field compon-ent diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the prin-ciples of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner;
Figure 7 is a fifth embodiment of the field component diversi-ty antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner; and Figu:re 8 i.s a graph useful in explaining the principle of the fiel.d component diversity antenna arrangemen-t o.E -the present inven-tion.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referri.ng to Figure 1, there is illustrated therein a theoretical field component diversity antenna arrangement in a multipath fading environmen-t employed in combination with any known diversity combiner. The theoretical field component diversity antenna arrangement 1 includes two elemental antenna elements 2 and 3 extending from a ground plane 4 spaced :Erom each other a distance a and connected by a connecting member 5 to essentially form a loop. The output from each of the antenna elements 2 and 3 is coupled to a 180 hybrid circuit 6 to obtain an electric field component output signal E by summing the two inputs to hybrid circuit 6 and to obtain a magnetic field component output signal H by sub-tracting one input thereto from the other input thereto.
The output signals E and H have been proven to be independen-t signals after passing through a multipath ref~.ec-3~
tion or fading medium; see, for instance, an article by W.C.Y.
Lee, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 46, page 417, February 1967. Once two independent signals are obtained, any kind of diversi-ty combining techniques can be used to realize the advantage of the diversity scheme. This is indicated by diver-sity combiner D.C. Various combining techniques tha-t can be employed are disclosed in the book by Schwartz, Bennett and Stein entitled "Communication Systems and Techniques", McGraw-Hill, 1966, pages 416-498.
The dimensions illustrated in Figure 1 are for an operating frequency of 10 MHz (megahertz) and the hybrid cir-cuit is an off-the-shelf item tha-t is obtainable from a number of different manufacturers, for instance, Narda and Trlplate.
Figures 2 and 3 i:Llus-tra-te one pract:ical embodiment of the field componen-t diversity antenna arrangement of -the present invention. This embodiment is a corner reflector anten-na having the two elemental antenna elements 7 and 8 spaced an amount 0.125~ (wavelength3 at the opera-ting frequency of the antenna in a cooperative association with a corner reflec-tor 9. The elemental antenna elements 7 and 8 are dipole ele-ments whose ou-tputs are coupled to the hybrid circuit 10 to produce the E and H output signals. Consistent with the depic-tion of connection 5 in Figure 1, a connecting member 5 is used to connect antenna elements together to form a loop.
Figure 4 shows a second practical embodiment of the field componen-t diversity antenna arrangement of the present invention including two monopole elemental antenna elements 11 and 12 in a cooperative relationship wi-th a ground plane 13. Monopole antenna elements 11 and 12 are separated by a 0.125~ and are connected to a hybrid circui-t 14 -to provide the E and H ou-tpu-t signals. Again, a connector 5 is used to ~æ.~ 3~
connect antenna elements 11 and 12.
Figure 5 shows a third practical embodiment of the field component diversity an-tenna arrangement of the present invention including elemental dipole an-tenna elements 15 and 16 whose outputs are coupled to a hybrid circuit 17 to produce the R and H output signals. Again, a connector 5 connects antenna elements 15 and 16.
Referring to Figure 6, there is illustrated therein a fourth practical embodiment of the field component diversity antenna arrangement having two pairs of elemental antenna elements with the first pair ox antenna elements 18 and 19 being oriented at right angles wi-th respec-t to the second pair of antenna elements 20 and 21 with each of -the elements of each oE the pair oE elements being spaced 0.125~ from each other. The ou-tput from an-tenna elements 18 and 19 are coupled to a hybrid circuit 22 and the output of antenna elemen-ts 20 and 21 are coupled to a hybrid circuit 23. Hybrid circuits 22 and 23 produce two components of the H output signal, namely, Hx and Hy components and two elec-tric field component output signals which are combined in summer 24 -to provide an E output signal. A connection similar to connection 5 may be provided between antenna elements 20 and 21 and a fur-ther similar connec-tion between 18 and 19.
-4a-~?.,Q~OO
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 FigO 7 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 6 wherein a second summer 25 is employed to combine -the H
signal components Hx and Hy to provide a H signal output from the antenna arrangement.
The embodiments shown in Figs 2 to 7 are particularly useful in mobile communications. For instance, at 30 MHz the wavelength is 10 meters. The separation for space diversity requires one half wavelength, i.e., 5 meters. It becomes impossible to mount two antennas separated 5 meters apart on the roof of a jeep or regular vehicle. For this reason the field component diversity antenna arrangement has great merit. It only needs a separation of 0.125~ apart between the two antenna elements. Therefore, the two antenna elements need to be spaced only 1.25 meters apart. The embodiments of Figs. 6 and 7 are improvements in the embodi-ments of Figs. 2 - 5 to improve the efficiency thereoE in mobile communicati.on application jut the advantage is still there in all of the embodiments, namely, the ability to provide separation between one or two pairs of antenna elements which can be accommodated on a jeep or other regular vehicles.
The principle of the field component diversity antenna arrangement of the present application will now be set forth. Assume that there are two electric fields, Ezl and EZ2 expressed as:
(1) Ezl = No A exp~j~u.x1) xl + iY
u = 1 and
In the HF (high frequency) and V~F (very high fre-quency) range, space diversity and angle-arr:ival diversity need either many spaced antennas or a large size directional antenna which are often not very practical becaùse of the large wavelength in this frequency range. Polarization diversity has a 3.0 dB (decibel) power degradation by using two polarized transmitting antennas for diversity purposes.
An object of the present invention is to provide a simple diversity antenna arrangement Eor utilization in the HF and V~IF frequency range.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple field component diversity antenna arrangement for the HF and V~F frequency range.
A feature of the presen-t invention is the provision of a field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive uncorrelated electric field and magnetic field components of ~0 a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment com-prising: at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said tran-smitted signal; and a first 180 hybrid circuit coupled -to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
:'`'' ~`~ W.C.Y. Lee - 1 Usually a dipole antenna is used to receive an electric wave and a loop antenna is used -to receive a magnetic field.
In accordance wi-th the principles of the present invention an antenna arrangement will be employed which can receive both the electric field and the magnetic field at the same time. Based upon a multipath fading or reflection phenomena at a sky wave, it has been proved that the electric field component and the magnetic field component are received uncorrelated in a troposcatter communication link or other fading environments.
The reason for using the field component diversity antenna arrangement is that the separation of elemental antenna elements can be much smaller than that required in usual spacediversity. The implementation of this -type of antenna is simple and the signal performance due to this diversity antenna arrangement is effective especially a-t the HF and.VHF frequency range.
Brief Description of the Drawing Above-mentioned and other features and objec-ts of this invention will become more apparent by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accom-panying drawing, in which:
Fig 1 is an illustration of a field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention in a multipath fading environment;
Fig. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a practical field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present inventioni Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna of Flg. 2;
Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
~.t3~
Figure 5 is a third embodiment of a field component diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner;
Figure 6 is a fourth embodiment of the field compon-ent diversity antenna arrangement in accordance with the prin-ciples of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner;
Figure 7 is a fifth embodiment of the field component diversi-ty antenna arrangement in accordance with the principles of the present invention employed in combination with any known diversity combiner; and Figu:re 8 i.s a graph useful in explaining the principle of the fiel.d component diversity antenna arrangemen-t o.E -the present inven-tion.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referri.ng to Figure 1, there is illustrated therein a theoretical field component diversity antenna arrangement in a multipath fading environmen-t employed in combination with any known diversity combiner. The theoretical field component diversity antenna arrangement 1 includes two elemental antenna elements 2 and 3 extending from a ground plane 4 spaced :Erom each other a distance a and connected by a connecting member 5 to essentially form a loop. The output from each of the antenna elements 2 and 3 is coupled to a 180 hybrid circuit 6 to obtain an electric field component output signal E by summing the two inputs to hybrid circuit 6 and to obtain a magnetic field component output signal H by sub-tracting one input thereto from the other input thereto.
The output signals E and H have been proven to be independen-t signals after passing through a multipath ref~.ec-3~
tion or fading medium; see, for instance, an article by W.C.Y.
Lee, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 46, page 417, February 1967. Once two independent signals are obtained, any kind of diversi-ty combining techniques can be used to realize the advantage of the diversity scheme. This is indicated by diver-sity combiner D.C. Various combining techniques tha-t can be employed are disclosed in the book by Schwartz, Bennett and Stein entitled "Communication Systems and Techniques", McGraw-Hill, 1966, pages 416-498.
The dimensions illustrated in Figure 1 are for an operating frequency of 10 MHz (megahertz) and the hybrid cir-cuit is an off-the-shelf item tha-t is obtainable from a number of different manufacturers, for instance, Narda and Trlplate.
Figures 2 and 3 i:Llus-tra-te one pract:ical embodiment of the field componen-t diversity antenna arrangement of -the present invention. This embodiment is a corner reflector anten-na having the two elemental antenna elements 7 and 8 spaced an amount 0.125~ (wavelength3 at the opera-ting frequency of the antenna in a cooperative association with a corner reflec-tor 9. The elemental antenna elements 7 and 8 are dipole ele-ments whose ou-tputs are coupled to the hybrid circuit 10 to produce the E and H output signals. Consistent with the depic-tion of connection 5 in Figure 1, a connecting member 5 is used to connect antenna elements together to form a loop.
Figure 4 shows a second practical embodiment of the field componen-t diversity antenna arrangement of the present invention including two monopole elemental antenna elements 11 and 12 in a cooperative relationship wi-th a ground plane 13. Monopole antenna elements 11 and 12 are separated by a 0.125~ and are connected to a hybrid circui-t 14 -to provide the E and H ou-tpu-t signals. Again, a connector 5 is used to ~æ.~ 3~
connect antenna elements 11 and 12.
Figure 5 shows a third practical embodiment of the field component diversity an-tenna arrangement of the present invention including elemental dipole an-tenna elements 15 and 16 whose outputs are coupled to a hybrid circuit 17 to produce the R and H output signals. Again, a connector 5 connects antenna elements 15 and 16.
Referring to Figure 6, there is illustrated therein a fourth practical embodiment of the field component diversity antenna arrangement having two pairs of elemental antenna elements with the first pair ox antenna elements 18 and 19 being oriented at right angles wi-th respec-t to the second pair of antenna elements 20 and 21 with each of -the elements of each oE the pair oE elements being spaced 0.125~ from each other. The ou-tput from an-tenna elements 18 and 19 are coupled to a hybrid circuit 22 and the output of antenna elemen-ts 20 and 21 are coupled to a hybrid circuit 23. Hybrid circuits 22 and 23 produce two components of the H output signal, namely, Hx and Hy components and two elec-tric field component output signals which are combined in summer 24 -to provide an E output signal. A connection similar to connection 5 may be provided between antenna elements 20 and 21 and a fur-ther similar connec-tion between 18 and 19.
-4a-~?.,Q~OO
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 FigO 7 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 6 wherein a second summer 25 is employed to combine -the H
signal components Hx and Hy to provide a H signal output from the antenna arrangement.
The embodiments shown in Figs 2 to 7 are particularly useful in mobile communications. For instance, at 30 MHz the wavelength is 10 meters. The separation for space diversity requires one half wavelength, i.e., 5 meters. It becomes impossible to mount two antennas separated 5 meters apart on the roof of a jeep or regular vehicle. For this reason the field component diversity antenna arrangement has great merit. It only needs a separation of 0.125~ apart between the two antenna elements. Therefore, the two antenna elements need to be spaced only 1.25 meters apart. The embodiments of Figs. 6 and 7 are improvements in the embodi-ments of Figs. 2 - 5 to improve the efficiency thereoE in mobile communicati.on application jut the advantage is still there in all of the embodiments, namely, the ability to provide separation between one or two pairs of antenna elements which can be accommodated on a jeep or other regular vehicles.
The principle of the field component diversity antenna arrangement of the present application will now be set forth. Assume that there are two electric fields, Ezl and EZ2 expressed as:
(1) Ezl = No A exp~j~u.x1) xl + iY
u = 1 and
(2) EZ2 _ No Au exp(j~u.x2) x2 + iY2 u = 1 where Au is a complex amplitude of an electric wave propa gating at a direc-tion u, and ù is a unit vector related to an angle mu between u and x as shown in Fig. 8. is the wave number and N is the number of wave arrivals. Ezl and EZ2 can also be expressed in real and imaginary parts as shown in equations (1) and (2), respectively.
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 The two ou-tputs W1 and W2 of a field componen-t diversity antenna as shown in Fig. 4 can be expressed as:
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 The two ou-tputs W1 and W2 of a field componen-t diversity antenna as shown in Fig. 4 can be expressed as:
(3) Wl = Ezl + EZ2 l x2) + j(Yl 2)
(4) W2 = Ezl - EZ2 - (X1 x2) j 1 2 3 The correlation of the two signals Wl and W2, is 1 2 1 Z (Y1 Yz ) J~xly2 Y1X2) .. ..
= 2j(x1Y2 YlX2) -- O, since
= 2j(x1Y2 YlX2) -- O, since
(5) xlY2 = ylx2 = 0 can be proved by taking equations (1) and (2) and averaging the product terms as indicated in equation (5). Therefore, the two outputs Wl and W2 are uncorrelated.
Secondly, equations (3) and (4) will he examined. If Ez and Ez~ are highly correlated, then the mean value of W2,W2 is much smaller than Wl. There is no advantage in combining them even when Wl and W2 are uncorrelated. In order to keep W1 and ~2 the same, it may be necessary to let the corre~
lation of Ezl and Ez2 be 0.5, as follows:
Z~ Z21(Xl-X2) = Jo (~(xl - x2)) = 0.5.
From equation (6) (7) Jo(~(xl~- x2)) = 0.707 (Xl X2) 1 .1 Xl X2 = 2 = 0.175~, Hence, from the theoretical analysis, the spacing between the two elemental antenna elements is 0.175~, but from the experimental results, the spacing between the elemental antenna elements is 0.125~, which is smaller than the theoretical value.
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 While I have described above the principles of my invention in connection with specific apparatus, i-t is to be clearly understood that -this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims.
ACH/mlw
Secondly, equations (3) and (4) will he examined. If Ez and Ez~ are highly correlated, then the mean value of W2,W2 is much smaller than Wl. There is no advantage in combining them even when Wl and W2 are uncorrelated. In order to keep W1 and ~2 the same, it may be necessary to let the corre~
lation of Ezl and Ez2 be 0.5, as follows:
Z~ Z21(Xl-X2) = Jo (~(xl - x2)) = 0.5.
From equation (6) (7) Jo(~(xl~- x2)) = 0.707 (Xl X2) 1 .1 Xl X2 = 2 = 0.175~, Hence, from the theoretical analysis, the spacing between the two elemental antenna elements is 0.175~, but from the experimental results, the spacing between the elemental antenna elements is 0.125~, which is smaller than the theoretical value.
W.C.Y. Lee - 1 While I have described above the principles of my invention in connection with specific apparatus, i-t is to be clearly understood that -this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims.
ACH/mlw
Claims (62)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive uncorrelated electric field and magnetic field compon-ents of a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment comprising: at least a first pair of parallel spaced straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said trans-mitted signal; a first straight conductor connecting said first pair of antenna elements together; and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
2. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna and are separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
3. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
4. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1 wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
5. An antenna arrangement according to claim 4, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
6. An antenna arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
7. An antenna arrangement according to claim 2, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
8. An antenna arrangement according to claim 7, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
9. An antenna arrangement according to claim 1, further including a second pair of parallel, spaced, straight, verti-cal elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component and oriented in a predeter-mined manner with respect to said first pair of antenna ele-ments; a second straight conductor connecting said second pair of antenna elements together; and a second 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said second pair of antenna elements to provide a third output signal proportional to said electric field com-ponent and a fourth output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
10. An antenna arrangement according to claim 9, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna, each of said first pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said oper-ating frequency and each of said second pair of antenna ele-ments is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
11. An antenna arrangement according to claim 9, further including a first summer to combine said first and third out-put signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
12. An antenna arrangement according to claim 9, further including a summer to combine said first and third output sig-nals.
13. An antenna arrangement according to claim 10, further including a first summer to combine said first and third out-put signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
14. An antenna arrangement according to claim 10, further including a summer to combine said first and third output sig-nals.
15. A field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive uncorrelated electric field and magnetic field compon-ents of a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment comprising: at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said trans-mitted signal; and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
16. An antenna arrangement according to claim 15, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said an-tenna and are separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
17. An antenna arrangement according to claim 15, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
18. An antenna arrangement according to claim 15, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
19. An antenna arrangement according to claim 18, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
20. An antenna arrangement according to claim 16, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole element in operative association with a common ground plane.
21. An antenna arrangement according to claim 16, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
22. An antenna arrangement according to claim 21, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
23. An antenna arrangement according to claim 15, further including a second pair of parallel, spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component and oriented in a predetermined manner with respect to said first pair of antenna elements; and a second 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said second pair of an-tenna elements to provide a third output signal proportional to said electric field component and a fourth output signal pro-portional to said magnetic field component.
24. An antenna arrangement according to claim 23, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna, each of said first pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency and each of said second pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
25. An antenna arrangement according to claim 24, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a mono-pole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
26. An antenna arrangement according to claim 25, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
27. An antenna arrangement according to claim 25, further including a summer to combine said first and third output signals.
28. An antenna arrangement according to claim 23, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a monopole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
29. An antenna arrangement according to claim 28, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
30. An antenna arrangement according to claim 28, further including a summer to combine said first and third output sig-nals.
31. A field component diversity receiver comprising: a field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive un-correlated electric field and magnetic field components of a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment including:
at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said transmitted sig-nal, a first straight conductor connecting said first pair of antenna elements together, and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to pro-vide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said mag-netic field component; and diversity combiner means coupled to said first hybrid circuit to combine said first and second output signals.
at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said transmitted sig-nal, a first straight conductor connecting said first pair of antenna elements together, and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to pro-vide a first output signal proportional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said mag-netic field component; and diversity combiner means coupled to said first hybrid circuit to combine said first and second output signals.
32. A diversity receiver according to claim 31, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna and are separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
33. A diversity receiver according to claim 31, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
34. A diversity receiver according to claim 31, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
35. A diversity receiver according to claim 34, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
36. A diversity receiver according to claim 32, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole element in operative association with a common ground plane.
37. A diversity receiver according to claim 32, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
38. A diversity receiver according to claim 37, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
39. A diversity receiver according to claim 31, further including a second pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component and oriented in a predetermined manner with respect to said first pair of antenna elements; a second straight conductor connecting said second pair of antenna elements together; and a second 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said second pair of antenna elements to provide a third output signal proportional to said electric field component and a four-th output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
40. A diversity receiver according to claim 39, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna, each of said first pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency and each of said second pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
41. A diversity receiver according to claim 39, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a mono-pole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
42. A diversity receiver according to claim 41, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
43. A diversity receiver according to claim 41, further including a summer to combine said first and third output signals.
44. A diversity receiver according to claim 40, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a monopole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
45. A diversity receiver according to claim 44, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
46. A diversity receiver according to claim 44, further including a summer to combine said first and third output sig-nals.
47. A field component diversity receiver comprising:
a field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive un-correlated electric field and magnetic field components of a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment including:
at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said transmitted signal, and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal pro-portional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component; and diver-sity combiner means coupled to said first hybrid circuit to combine said first and second output signals.
a field component diversity antenna arrangement to receive un-correlated electric field and magnetic field components of a transmitted signal in a multipath fading environment including:
at least a first pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component to receive said transmitted signal, and a first 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said first pair of spaced antenna elements to provide a first output signal pro-portional to said electric field component and a second output signal proportional to said magnetic field component; and diver-sity combiner means coupled to said first hybrid circuit to combine said first and second output signals.
48. A diversity receiver according to claim 47, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna and are separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operating frequency.
49. A diversity receiver according to claim 47, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
50. A diversity receiver according to claim 47, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
51. A diversity receiver according to claim 50, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
52. A diversity receiver according to claim 48, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a monopole ele-ment in operative association with a common ground plane.
53. A diversity receiver according to claim 48, wherein each of said first pair of antenna elements is a dipole element.
54. A diversity receiver according to claim 53, wherein each of said dipole elements is in an operative association with a corner reflector.
55. A diversity receiver according to claim 47, further including a second pair of parallel spaced, straight, vertical elemental antenna elements disposed substantially parallel to said electric field component and oriented in a predetermined manner with respect to said first pair of antenna elements; and a second 180° hybrid circuit coupled to said second pair of antenna elements to provide a third output signal proportional to said electric field component and a fourth output signal proportional to said magnetic field component.
56. A diversity receiver according to claim 55, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements has a length of 0.06 to 0.08 wavelengths at an operating frequency of said antenna, each of said first pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said operat-ing frequency and each of said second pair of antenna elements is separated from each other by 0.125 wavelengths at said oper-ating frequency.
57. A diversity receiver according to claim 55, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a monopole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
58. A diversity receiver according to claim 57, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
59. A diversity receiver according to claim 57, further including a summer to combine said first and third output signals.
60. A diversity receiver according to claim 56, wherein each of said first and second pair of antenna elements is a mono-pole antenna in operative association with a common ground plane.
61. A diversity receiver according to claim 60, further including a first summer to combine said first and third output signals; and a second summer to combine said second and fourth output signals.
62. A diversity receiver according to claim 60, further including a summer to combine said first and third output signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000414627A CA1201200A (en) | 1982-11-01 | 1982-11-01 | Field component diversity antenna arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000414627A CA1201200A (en) | 1982-11-01 | 1982-11-01 | Field component diversity antenna arrangement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1201200A true CA1201200A (en) | 1986-02-25 |
Family
ID=4123864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000414627A Expired CA1201200A (en) | 1982-11-01 | 1982-11-01 | Field component diversity antenna arrangement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1201200A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4983988A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1991-01-08 | E-Systems, Inc. | Antenna with enhanced gain |
| US5784032A (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1998-07-21 | Telecommunications Research Laboratories | Compact diversity antenna with weak back near fields |
-
1982
- 1982-11-01 CA CA000414627A patent/CA1201200A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4983988A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1991-01-08 | E-Systems, Inc. | Antenna with enhanced gain |
| US5784032A (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1998-07-21 | Telecommunications Research Laboratories | Compact diversity antenna with weak back near fields |
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