CA1273787A - Horizontal converter - Google Patents
Horizontal converterInfo
- Publication number
- CA1273787A CA1273787A CA000511943A CA511943A CA1273787A CA 1273787 A CA1273787 A CA 1273787A CA 000511943 A CA000511943 A CA 000511943A CA 511943 A CA511943 A CA 511943A CA 1273787 A CA1273787 A CA 1273787A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- tuyeres
- mouth
- symmetry
- vertical plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A horizontal converter comprises a cylin-drical body having a mouth arranged on the cylindri-cal wall thereof for loading materials, pouring out liquid products and release of the process gases, said mouth being arranged symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter. The converter also comprises tuyeres for turning the blast on. The tuyeres are arranged in the cylindrical wall of the converter body in one row along the generatrix of the wall at some distance from the mouth. The tuyeres are tilted to the left and right of the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter.
the angle between said plane of symmetry and each vertical plane extending through the axis of each tuyere ranges from 10° to 25°.
A horizontal converter comprises a cylin-drical body having a mouth arranged on the cylindri-cal wall thereof for loading materials, pouring out liquid products and release of the process gases, said mouth being arranged symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter. The converter also comprises tuyeres for turning the blast on. The tuyeres are arranged in the cylindrical wall of the converter body in one row along the generatrix of the wall at some distance from the mouth. The tuyeres are tilted to the left and right of the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter.
the angle between said plane of symmetry and each vertical plane extending through the axis of each tuyere ranges from 10° to 25°.
Description
~3~7~37 This invention relates to furnaces used in non-ferrous metallurgy and, in particular, to a hori-zontal converter.
This invention can be used for converting copper, nickel, copper-nickel and polymetallic (complex) mattes, the content of non-ferrous metals in the initial mattes varying over a wide range, in order to obtain final products, such as the converter matte and blister copper.
At present, efficiency of matte converters has become a vital factor in metallurgy. It comprises greater output capacity of matte converters having greater extraction of non-ferrous metals to produce larger amounts of ready products, such as converter matte and blister copper, lower expenditure of refractories for converter repairs, and less labour input in the converter maintenance.
Known in the art is a metallurgical vessel which is a horizontal converter (cf., for example, Sovremennoe Oborodovanie dlia Plavki Mednykh Rud za Rubezhom, Modern Equipment for Copper Ore Smelting Abroad, Heavy Non-Ferrous Metal Production series, Moscow, 1976, D.K. Portnov, A.G. Khamin, pp. 38-39, i~ Russian) which is intended for combined roasting, smelting and converting of ore. This converter features a barrel body with a mouth for loading the 78~
ingoing materials, pouring of slag and release of gases, which is arranged on the surface of the body symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of said body. Tuyeres for the supply of oxydizing blow are arranged in the body at some distance from the mouth, in the body portion limited by one of the butt walls of the converter and the mouth, parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel, in one row along the generatrix thereof.
The part of the converter body beneath the mouth and the part limited by the mouth and the other wall of the vessel are intended for settling of the slag.
This converter is an efficient means for treatment of the sulphide materials.
But this converter is still deficient in that its output capacity is not sufficiently high because the number of the tuyeres is limited and cannot be increased.
Also known in the art is a horizontal converter for matte treatment (cf., for example, D.A.
Diomidovsky, Metallurgicheskie Pechi, Mettalurgical Furnaces, Moscow, Metallurgizdat Publ., 1961, pp.
641-648), comprising a body and, arranged on the cylindrical surface thereof, a mouth for charging the .~, ingoing materials, such as liquid matte, fluxes, and solid materials containing non-ferrous metals, dis-charging the liquid products of -the process, such as slag, converter matte, and blister copper, and release of process gases. The mouth is positioned in symmetry to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel. Tuyeres for -turning on the blast are arranyed on the vessel body along the generatrix of the cylindrical surface in one row at some distance from the mouth. The vertical planes extending through the axis of each tuyere are parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel.
This converter is also capable of efficient treatment of mattes.
But the arrangement of the tuyeres in the converter body, wherein the vertical planes extending through the axes of the tuyeres are parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, results in the formation of crust of the solidified melt on the converter nose. This is due to the melt being carried away from the bath surface just beneath the nose and lodging thereon. To remove the crust the converter should be stopped, which cuts down its operational time and impairs its efficiency.
Besides, the crust formed on the nose of the converter results in narrowing of the opening.
With the stable blast, the velocity of the released gases increases, as does the amount of the dust carried off from the converter. The greater the amount of dust carried off from the vessel, the less the extraction of non-ferrous metals and the amount of the final product converter matte and blister copper.
Moreover, parallel arrangement of all tuyeres cannot provide a sufficiently intensive mass transfer in the top layers of the melt, which retards the slag forming processes and results in incomplete assimilation of the flux.
This arrangement of the tuyeres also creates conditions wherein the melt can get into the tuyeres when liquid and solid materials are charged lnto the converter. The melt freezes over the inner surfaces of -the tuyeres which can be damaged. The life of converters between overhauls becomes shorter and its efficiency is, therefore, affected.
The invention is to provide a horizontal converter wherein the tuyeres for turning on the oxydizing blast are arranged so that the efficiency of the converter is made hlgher and the extraction of metals is stepped up.
There is provided a horizontal converter comprising a cylindrical body having a mouth for charging materials, pouring liquid products, ana release of process gases, which is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the body symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, and tuyeres for turning on the blast, which are arranyed in the cylindrical body in one row along the generatrix thereof at some distance from the mouth, wherein, according to the invention, the tuyeres are installed so that they are tilted to the left and right from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, the angle between said vertical plane and each vertical plane extending through the axis of a tuyere varying from 10 to 25.
This arrangemen-t of the tuyeres produces conditions for the release of gases carrying the splashes of the melt to the left and right of the mouth. These splashes fall on the lining of the vessel and back to the bath. This reduces the amount of the melt freezing over the edge of the converter mouth and carried off by the released gases.
The performance of the converter is improved due to the reduced downtime for removing the crust from the mouth edge. Besides, extraction of ~2~7~3~
metals increases, as does the amount of ready products matte and blister copper, due to lesser losses of metals with the released process gases.
This arrangement of -the tuyeres eliminates the possibility of the melt ge-tting therein from the mel-t as the ingoing liquid and solid materials are charged in-to the vessel. This guaran-tees operation of the tuyeres during the complete period between over-hauls and, therefore, to improved efficiency of the converter.
In addition, this arrangement of the tuyeres makes the mass transfer in the converter bath better, and improves -the conditions for slag forma-tion and complete assirnilation of the fluxes.
When the tuyeres are tilted to the left and righ-t from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter to an angle less than 10, the rate of the crust growing on the mouth of the converter is still high as is -the loss of metals with the released process gases. The efficiency of the converter becomes lower and the amount of non-ferrous me-tals extracted to -the ready product of the converter treatment (converter matte and blister copper) is substantially reduced.
,,~, ~3~
When the tuyeres are tilted to the left and rlght from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter to an angle in excess of 25, -the efficien-cy of -the converter is retained at the level achieved with the tuyere arrangement at an agle of 10 -25.
But if the tilt exceeds 25, it becomes difficult to make the refractory brickwork of the converter and service the tuyeres in the process of the converter operation.
Given hereinbelow is a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, reference being had -to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal converter, taken from the side of the tuyeres, according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of Fig. 1, wherein the axes of the tuyeres are conventionally indicated, according to the invention.
A horizontal converter has a cylindrical body (Fig. 1) lined with the refractory brickwork. A
mouth 2 (Fig. 2) is provided in the cylindrical wall of the body 1 symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter. The converter is also provided with tuyeres 3 (Figs. 1 and 2) arranged in ,~
,f.~.
one row along the generatrix of the cylindrical ~"all of -the conver-ter body 1 at some distance from the mouth 2.
The tuyeres 3 are tilted to the left and right from -the ver-tical plane of symmetry of the converter. The angle ~ (Fig. 2) between said plane of symmetry and each vertical plane extending -through an axis 4 of each tuyere 3 constitutes 20 . The distance from the nose of each tuyere 3 to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter is larger than the distance between the point where this tuyere 3 is incorporated into the converter body 1 and the plane of symmetry.
This arrangement of the -tuyeres 3 creates conditions for the release of the process gases carrying off the melt splashes to the left and right of the mouth 2. These splashes fall on the converter brickwork and into the melt bath. In this manner the amount of the melt freezing over the conver-ter mouth is substantially reduced, as is the amount of the melt carried off with the released gases. The efficiency of the converter is, consequently, stepped up, the output of the output products - converter matte and blister copper - increases. Besides, with this arrangement of the tuyeres 3, the melt cannot get into these tuyeres when the initial liquid and ~.
~LZ73~
solid materials are loaded into the converter. The tuyeres can therefore operate throughout the between-overhauls period, which is also a contribu-tion to the bet-ter performance of the converter.
In this example the angle ~ is 20, but it can vary from 10 to 25. The angle d is selected depending on the dimensions of the vessel.
The horizontal converter made according to the invention operates as follows.
The converter body 1 lined with the refrac-tory brickwork is set so that the noses of the tuyeres 3 are located above the geometrical axis of the converter, that is above the theoretically possible level of the melt in the vessel. The molten matte is poured through the mouth 2. After a sufficient amount of the matte is loaded into the converter, the oxydizing blast is turned on (air or oxygen-enriched air). The converter is turned so that the tuyeres 3 are immersed into -the molten matte to a depth of 300-500 mm. When this depth is reached, the converter is stopped.
While the matte is being blown, the flux containing silicon dioxide is loaded into the converter through the mouth 2 along with solid materials incorporating non-ferrous metals to be extracted.
~3~
When the matte is blown by the o~ydiziny blast, the oxygen of the blast oxydizes the ferric sulphide of the matte, and ferrous oxide liquid ferrous oxide and gaseous sulphur dioxide are produced. Ferrous oxide enters into reaction ~,7ith silicon dioxide of the flux and produces slag.
Gaseous sulphur dioxide leaves the vessel throuyh the mouth being carried off by the released process gases.
After slag is formed in the converter, the vessel is turned back, the blast is stopped, and the slag is poured out of the vessel.
After the pouring of the slag, the remain-ing sulphide mass enriched with non-ferrous metals is poured over by a new batch of matte, and the opera-tion is repeated until a sufficient amount of the sulphide mass enriched with non-ferrous metals is obtained in the vessel. This amount should be sufficient to obtain a full-weight heat which corresponds, by its weight, to the capacity of the converter.
This invention can be used for converting copper, nickel, copper-nickel and polymetallic (complex) mattes, the content of non-ferrous metals in the initial mattes varying over a wide range, in order to obtain final products, such as the converter matte and blister copper.
At present, efficiency of matte converters has become a vital factor in metallurgy. It comprises greater output capacity of matte converters having greater extraction of non-ferrous metals to produce larger amounts of ready products, such as converter matte and blister copper, lower expenditure of refractories for converter repairs, and less labour input in the converter maintenance.
Known in the art is a metallurgical vessel which is a horizontal converter (cf., for example, Sovremennoe Oborodovanie dlia Plavki Mednykh Rud za Rubezhom, Modern Equipment for Copper Ore Smelting Abroad, Heavy Non-Ferrous Metal Production series, Moscow, 1976, D.K. Portnov, A.G. Khamin, pp. 38-39, i~ Russian) which is intended for combined roasting, smelting and converting of ore. This converter features a barrel body with a mouth for loading the 78~
ingoing materials, pouring of slag and release of gases, which is arranged on the surface of the body symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of said body. Tuyeres for the supply of oxydizing blow are arranged in the body at some distance from the mouth, in the body portion limited by one of the butt walls of the converter and the mouth, parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel, in one row along the generatrix thereof.
The part of the converter body beneath the mouth and the part limited by the mouth and the other wall of the vessel are intended for settling of the slag.
This converter is an efficient means for treatment of the sulphide materials.
But this converter is still deficient in that its output capacity is not sufficiently high because the number of the tuyeres is limited and cannot be increased.
Also known in the art is a horizontal converter for matte treatment (cf., for example, D.A.
Diomidovsky, Metallurgicheskie Pechi, Mettalurgical Furnaces, Moscow, Metallurgizdat Publ., 1961, pp.
641-648), comprising a body and, arranged on the cylindrical surface thereof, a mouth for charging the .~, ingoing materials, such as liquid matte, fluxes, and solid materials containing non-ferrous metals, dis-charging the liquid products of -the process, such as slag, converter matte, and blister copper, and release of process gases. The mouth is positioned in symmetry to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel. Tuyeres for -turning on the blast are arranyed on the vessel body along the generatrix of the cylindrical surface in one row at some distance from the mouth. The vertical planes extending through the axis of each tuyere are parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the vessel.
This converter is also capable of efficient treatment of mattes.
But the arrangement of the tuyeres in the converter body, wherein the vertical planes extending through the axes of the tuyeres are parallel to one another and to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, results in the formation of crust of the solidified melt on the converter nose. This is due to the melt being carried away from the bath surface just beneath the nose and lodging thereon. To remove the crust the converter should be stopped, which cuts down its operational time and impairs its efficiency.
Besides, the crust formed on the nose of the converter results in narrowing of the opening.
With the stable blast, the velocity of the released gases increases, as does the amount of the dust carried off from the converter. The greater the amount of dust carried off from the vessel, the less the extraction of non-ferrous metals and the amount of the final product converter matte and blister copper.
Moreover, parallel arrangement of all tuyeres cannot provide a sufficiently intensive mass transfer in the top layers of the melt, which retards the slag forming processes and results in incomplete assimilation of the flux.
This arrangement of the tuyeres also creates conditions wherein the melt can get into the tuyeres when liquid and solid materials are charged lnto the converter. The melt freezes over the inner surfaces of -the tuyeres which can be damaged. The life of converters between overhauls becomes shorter and its efficiency is, therefore, affected.
The invention is to provide a horizontal converter wherein the tuyeres for turning on the oxydizing blast are arranged so that the efficiency of the converter is made hlgher and the extraction of metals is stepped up.
There is provided a horizontal converter comprising a cylindrical body having a mouth for charging materials, pouring liquid products, ana release of process gases, which is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the body symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, and tuyeres for turning on the blast, which are arranyed in the cylindrical body in one row along the generatrix thereof at some distance from the mouth, wherein, according to the invention, the tuyeres are installed so that they are tilted to the left and right from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, the angle between said vertical plane and each vertical plane extending through the axis of a tuyere varying from 10 to 25.
This arrangemen-t of the tuyeres produces conditions for the release of gases carrying the splashes of the melt to the left and right of the mouth. These splashes fall on the lining of the vessel and back to the bath. This reduces the amount of the melt freezing over the edge of the converter mouth and carried off by the released gases.
The performance of the converter is improved due to the reduced downtime for removing the crust from the mouth edge. Besides, extraction of ~2~7~3~
metals increases, as does the amount of ready products matte and blister copper, due to lesser losses of metals with the released process gases.
This arrangement of -the tuyeres eliminates the possibility of the melt ge-tting therein from the mel-t as the ingoing liquid and solid materials are charged in-to the vessel. This guaran-tees operation of the tuyeres during the complete period between over-hauls and, therefore, to improved efficiency of the converter.
In addition, this arrangement of the tuyeres makes the mass transfer in the converter bath better, and improves -the conditions for slag forma-tion and complete assirnilation of the fluxes.
When the tuyeres are tilted to the left and righ-t from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter to an angle less than 10, the rate of the crust growing on the mouth of the converter is still high as is -the loss of metals with the released process gases. The efficiency of the converter becomes lower and the amount of non-ferrous me-tals extracted to -the ready product of the converter treatment (converter matte and blister copper) is substantially reduced.
,,~, ~3~
When the tuyeres are tilted to the left and rlght from the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter to an angle in excess of 25, -the efficien-cy of -the converter is retained at the level achieved with the tuyere arrangement at an agle of 10 -25.
But if the tilt exceeds 25, it becomes difficult to make the refractory brickwork of the converter and service the tuyeres in the process of the converter operation.
Given hereinbelow is a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, reference being had -to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal converter, taken from the side of the tuyeres, according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a top view of Fig. 1, wherein the axes of the tuyeres are conventionally indicated, according to the invention.
A horizontal converter has a cylindrical body (Fig. 1) lined with the refractory brickwork. A
mouth 2 (Fig. 2) is provided in the cylindrical wall of the body 1 symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter. The converter is also provided with tuyeres 3 (Figs. 1 and 2) arranged in ,~
,f.~.
one row along the generatrix of the cylindrical ~"all of -the conver-ter body 1 at some distance from the mouth 2.
The tuyeres 3 are tilted to the left and right from -the ver-tical plane of symmetry of the converter. The angle ~ (Fig. 2) between said plane of symmetry and each vertical plane extending -through an axis 4 of each tuyere 3 constitutes 20 . The distance from the nose of each tuyere 3 to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter is larger than the distance between the point where this tuyere 3 is incorporated into the converter body 1 and the plane of symmetry.
This arrangement of the -tuyeres 3 creates conditions for the release of the process gases carrying off the melt splashes to the left and right of the mouth 2. These splashes fall on the converter brickwork and into the melt bath. In this manner the amount of the melt freezing over the conver-ter mouth is substantially reduced, as is the amount of the melt carried off with the released gases. The efficiency of the converter is, consequently, stepped up, the output of the output products - converter matte and blister copper - increases. Besides, with this arrangement of the tuyeres 3, the melt cannot get into these tuyeres when the initial liquid and ~.
~LZ73~
solid materials are loaded into the converter. The tuyeres can therefore operate throughout the between-overhauls period, which is also a contribu-tion to the bet-ter performance of the converter.
In this example the angle ~ is 20, but it can vary from 10 to 25. The angle d is selected depending on the dimensions of the vessel.
The horizontal converter made according to the invention operates as follows.
The converter body 1 lined with the refrac-tory brickwork is set so that the noses of the tuyeres 3 are located above the geometrical axis of the converter, that is above the theoretically possible level of the melt in the vessel. The molten matte is poured through the mouth 2. After a sufficient amount of the matte is loaded into the converter, the oxydizing blast is turned on (air or oxygen-enriched air). The converter is turned so that the tuyeres 3 are immersed into -the molten matte to a depth of 300-500 mm. When this depth is reached, the converter is stopped.
While the matte is being blown, the flux containing silicon dioxide is loaded into the converter through the mouth 2 along with solid materials incorporating non-ferrous metals to be extracted.
~3~
When the matte is blown by the o~ydiziny blast, the oxygen of the blast oxydizes the ferric sulphide of the matte, and ferrous oxide liquid ferrous oxide and gaseous sulphur dioxide are produced. Ferrous oxide enters into reaction ~,7ith silicon dioxide of the flux and produces slag.
Gaseous sulphur dioxide leaves the vessel throuyh the mouth being carried off by the released process gases.
After slag is formed in the converter, the vessel is turned back, the blast is stopped, and the slag is poured out of the vessel.
After the pouring of the slag, the remain-ing sulphide mass enriched with non-ferrous metals is poured over by a new batch of matte, and the opera-tion is repeated until a sufficient amount of the sulphide mass enriched with non-ferrous metals is obtained in the vessel. This amount should be sufficient to obtain a full-weight heat which corresponds, by its weight, to the capacity of the converter.
Claims
1. A horizontal converter comprising a cylindrical body featuring a mouth for loading materials, pouring out liquid products and release of the process gases, which is located on the cylindri-cal wall of the converter body symmetrically to the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, and tuyeres for turning the blast on, which are installed in the cylindrical wall of the converter body in one row along the generatrix of the wall at some distance from the mouth, characterized in that the tuyeres are tilted to the left and right of the vertical plane of symmetry of the converter, the angle between this plane of symmetry and each vertical plane extending through the axis of one tuyere ranging from 10° to 25°.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000511943A CA1273787A (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1986-06-19 | Horizontal converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000511943A CA1273787A (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1986-06-19 | Horizontal converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1273787A true CA1273787A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
Family
ID=4133382
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000511943A Expired - Fee Related CA1273787A (en) | 1986-06-19 | 1986-06-19 | Horizontal converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1273787A (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-06-19 CA CA000511943A patent/CA1273787A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2311073C (en) | Direct smelting vessel | |
| CN108676942A (en) | The materials such as a kind of iron content and/or zinc lead bronze tin cooperate with processing recovery method with molten steel slag | |
| US4416690A (en) | Solid matte-oxygen converting process | |
| WO2017107662A1 (en) | Continuous metallurgical device and method | |
| US3912501A (en) | Method for the production of iron and steel | |
| CA1102558A (en) | Reverberatory smelting of non-ferrous metal sulfide ores | |
| CA1273787A (en) | Horizontal converter | |
| Mackey et al. | Modern continuous smelting and converting by bath smelting technology | |
| Reddy | Principles of engineering metallurgy | |
| RU2344179C2 (en) | Method of continuous processing iron oxide containing materials and device for implementation of this method | |
| AU594370B2 (en) | Recovery of volatile metal values from metallurgical slags | |
| US3715202A (en) | Method for desulphurizing pig iron | |
| RU2105073C1 (en) | Vanadium slag treatment method | |
| US3091524A (en) | Metallurgical process | |
| KR940008927B1 (en) | Mill arrangement with temporary storage vessel and process for operating the same | |
| JPS622012B2 (en) | ||
| JPS62294141A (en) | Horizontal converter | |
| US1888312A (en) | Metallurgical process for the making of ferrous metals | |
| Bengtsson et al. | Ironmaking in the Stora rotary furnace | |
| Oswald | Kaldo Operations in North America | |
| FI80479B (en) | HORIZONTAL CONVERTER. | |
| AU708381B2 (en) | Continuous smelting and refining of iron | |
| US3498783A (en) | Method of refining a carbonaceous metal | |
| Barrett et al. | Operation of the bottom blown oxygen cupel at Britannia Refined Metals, ltd. | |
| Rosenktanz et al. | 2.9 NORANOA CONTINUOUS SMELTING |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |