CA1117366A - Oil well pump with plunger pull down and desanding assembly - Google Patents
Oil well pump with plunger pull down and desanding assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CA1117366A CA1117366A CA000286224A CA286224A CA1117366A CA 1117366 A CA1117366 A CA 1117366A CA 000286224 A CA000286224 A CA 000286224A CA 286224 A CA286224 A CA 286224A CA 1117366 A CA1117366 A CA 1117366A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plunger
- pump
- rod
- downwardly
- extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000009184 walking Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009975 flexible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZPEZUAAEBBHXBT-WCCKRBBISA-N (2s)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid;2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O.CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O ZPEZUAAEBBHXBT-WCCKRBBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A pump of the reciprocating plunger type for use in an oil well in which structure is provided for pulling downwardly on the pump plunger during its downward stroke rather than relying upon the pump rod or sucker rod to push the plunger downwardly thereby eliminating lateral deflection of the pump rod or the sucker rod and resultant wear and damage which frequently occurs especi-ally when pumping heavy crude oil or the like. One embodiment of this struc-ture involves a tension member connected with the walking beam and extending downwardly below the plunger, around a roller assembly or the like and then back upwardly for connection with the bottom of the plunger so that as the walking beam moves downwardly to move the pump plunger so that tension member will be tension for pulling the plunger downwardly without applying compressive force to the pump rod or sucker rod. Another embodiment of this structure pro-vides a weight attached to the bottom of the plunger with the weight being reciprocal in a closed chamber so that it is not in contact with the fluid being pumped. The pump barrel is provided with a desander between the plunger and the standing valve and is in the form of a rod projecting upwardly in the pump barrel for extending into the lower hollow end of the pump plunger for removing sand therefrom to prevent sand from filling or clogging the lower end of the plunger.
A pump of the reciprocating plunger type for use in an oil well in which structure is provided for pulling downwardly on the pump plunger during its downward stroke rather than relying upon the pump rod or sucker rod to push the plunger downwardly thereby eliminating lateral deflection of the pump rod or the sucker rod and resultant wear and damage which frequently occurs especi-ally when pumping heavy crude oil or the like. One embodiment of this struc-ture involves a tension member connected with the walking beam and extending downwardly below the plunger, around a roller assembly or the like and then back upwardly for connection with the bottom of the plunger so that as the walking beam moves downwardly to move the pump plunger so that tension member will be tension for pulling the plunger downwardly without applying compressive force to the pump rod or sucker rod. Another embodiment of this structure pro-vides a weight attached to the bottom of the plunger with the weight being reciprocal in a closed chamber so that it is not in contact with the fluid being pumped. The pump barrel is provided with a desander between the plunger and the standing valve and is in the form of a rod projecting upwardly in the pump barrel for extending into the lower hollow end of the pump plunger for removing sand therefrom to prevent sand from filling or clogging the lower end of the plunger.
Description
The present invention generally relates to an oil well pump and more particularly a reciprocating plunger type pump having beams for exert;ng a downward force on the pump plunger to Eacilitate its downward movement without exerting compressive forces on the pump rod and a desander for preventing accumulation of sand in the bottom of the plunger.
Oil well pumps of the reciprocating plunger type are well known and employed in many installations. Examples of such pumps are found in prior U.S. Patent Nos. 3,143,080, issued August 4, 1964 and 3,765,482, issued October 16, 1973. In present pump5, the pump plunger is reciprocated by a pump rod usually constructed from a plurality of connected sucker rods extend-ing to ground level and connected with an actuating mechanism such as a walking beam which oscillates in a vertical plane. When pumping heavy oil or heavy crude oil, the plunger, when moving downwardly in the pump barrel, is retarded by the heavy oil which sometimes results in lateral flexing o-f the pump rod which causes the rod to engage the inner wall of the production tubing thus resulting in excessive wear to the pump rod and the production tubing and also results in reduced productïon due to the retarded movement of the plunger. ~ddLtionally, when pumping fluid having sand entrained therein, the bottom of the plunger which is normally hollowed and tapered toward the traveling valve in the plunger causes the sand to compact in the lower end of the plunger and in some instances clog or bridge across the hollow plunger, thus further restricting flow of oil through the plunger on the down stroke.
An object of the invention is to provide an oil well pump having a reciprocating plunger disposed in a pump barrel with the plunger having a valve therein and being reciprocated by a pump rod string actuated from ground level by a suitable mechanism in which structural means is provided for pulling the plunger downwardly when the pump rod string is dropped down-wardly by the actuating mechanism, thereby providing a positive downward movement for the pump plunger.
A specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger having a conically shaped hollow lower end which will reduce the tendency of sand J ~
plugging the plunger and enable removal thereof by "bumping" the pump rod string or by "bumping" the plunger on the bottom portion of the pump barrel.
A further specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger of the type described in the preceding paragraph, in which a desanding rod is mounted in the pump barrel by using a special collar or the like which extends into the tapering hollow lower end of the pump plunger to remove sand therefrom.
Yet another specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger pull down apparatus in the form of a tension member which extends alongside of the production tubing from a point above ground to a point below the pump plunger where it extends around the device anchored below the pump plunger with the upper end being connected to the operating mechanism for the pump rod string so that when the pump rod string is permitted to move downwardly the pull down mechanism will positively pull the plunger and the pump rod string downwardly, thus facilitating pumping of heavy crude oil which normally tends to prevent downward drop of the pump rod string and plunger due to buildup of asphalt, paraffin and the like.
Still another important feature of the invention is to provide an oil well pump for more effectively pumping heavy crude oil or similar fluids, eliminating sanding problems in the plunger and providing positive pull down of the plunger.
Thus, the present invention is defined as a pump adapted for use in an oil well for pumping heavy crude oil comprising a vertically disposed pump barrel having a lower end in communication with a production zone and an upper end communicating with storage facilities at ground level, a plunger reciprocally mounted in the pump barrel and including a pump rod string extending to ground level for actuation, the barrel and plunger including valve means for pumping fluid from a production zone to ground level, and pull down means connected to the plunger for exerting a downward force on the plunger and pump rod string connected thereto to facilitate downward movement thereof when pumping heavy crude oil, the pull down means including a tension member extending downwardly from the plunger, and means disposed externally of the barrel to exert a force on the tension member for pulling the plunger and pump rod string downwardly, the tension member extending
Oil well pumps of the reciprocating plunger type are well known and employed in many installations. Examples of such pumps are found in prior U.S. Patent Nos. 3,143,080, issued August 4, 1964 and 3,765,482, issued October 16, 1973. In present pump5, the pump plunger is reciprocated by a pump rod usually constructed from a plurality of connected sucker rods extend-ing to ground level and connected with an actuating mechanism such as a walking beam which oscillates in a vertical plane. When pumping heavy oil or heavy crude oil, the plunger, when moving downwardly in the pump barrel, is retarded by the heavy oil which sometimes results in lateral flexing o-f the pump rod which causes the rod to engage the inner wall of the production tubing thus resulting in excessive wear to the pump rod and the production tubing and also results in reduced productïon due to the retarded movement of the plunger. ~ddLtionally, when pumping fluid having sand entrained therein, the bottom of the plunger which is normally hollowed and tapered toward the traveling valve in the plunger causes the sand to compact in the lower end of the plunger and in some instances clog or bridge across the hollow plunger, thus further restricting flow of oil through the plunger on the down stroke.
An object of the invention is to provide an oil well pump having a reciprocating plunger disposed in a pump barrel with the plunger having a valve therein and being reciprocated by a pump rod string actuated from ground level by a suitable mechanism in which structural means is provided for pulling the plunger downwardly when the pump rod string is dropped down-wardly by the actuating mechanism, thereby providing a positive downward movement for the pump plunger.
A specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger having a conically shaped hollow lower end which will reduce the tendency of sand J ~
plugging the plunger and enable removal thereof by "bumping" the pump rod string or by "bumping" the plunger on the bottom portion of the pump barrel.
A further specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger of the type described in the preceding paragraph, in which a desanding rod is mounted in the pump barrel by using a special collar or the like which extends into the tapering hollow lower end of the pump plunger to remove sand therefrom.
Yet another specific feature of the invention provides a pump plunger pull down apparatus in the form of a tension member which extends alongside of the production tubing from a point above ground to a point below the pump plunger where it extends around the device anchored below the pump plunger with the upper end being connected to the operating mechanism for the pump rod string so that when the pump rod string is permitted to move downwardly the pull down mechanism will positively pull the plunger and the pump rod string downwardly, thus facilitating pumping of heavy crude oil which normally tends to prevent downward drop of the pump rod string and plunger due to buildup of asphalt, paraffin and the like.
Still another important feature of the invention is to provide an oil well pump for more effectively pumping heavy crude oil or similar fluids, eliminating sanding problems in the plunger and providing positive pull down of the plunger.
Thus, the present invention is defined as a pump adapted for use in an oil well for pumping heavy crude oil comprising a vertically disposed pump barrel having a lower end in communication with a production zone and an upper end communicating with storage facilities at ground level, a plunger reciprocally mounted in the pump barrel and including a pump rod string extending to ground level for actuation, the barrel and plunger including valve means for pumping fluid from a production zone to ground level, and pull down means connected to the plunger for exerting a downward force on the plunger and pump rod string connected thereto to facilitate downward movement thereof when pumping heavy crude oil, the pull down means including a tension member extending downwardly from the plunger, and means disposed externally of the barrel to exert a force on the tension member for pulling the plunger and pump rod string downwardly, the tension member extending
- 2 -downwardly from the plunger around a lower anchor means and then upwardly to ground level for operation by the actuating means for the pump rod string so that when the pump rod string is lowered, the tension member is tensioned - for pulling the plunger downwardly, the tension member being in the form of a flex-ible cable having one end anchored to the plunger, the lower anchor means including a roller having a peripheral groove under whîch the cable -is entrained with the cable then extending vertically upwardly, a tension rod connected to the cable and extending to a position adjacent ground level, the pump rod string being actuated by a walking beam swingable in a vertical plane, the tension rod including a cable attached to its upper end extending over top of a roller above the walking beam and being terminally connected to the walking beam whereby the tension rod will be pulled upwardly, thus pulling the plunger downwardly when the walking beam swings downwardly to lower the pump rod string and plunger, the plunger including a hollow lower end of conical configuration tapering inwardly and upwardly to reduce the tendency of sand to clog the valve means in the plunger, and a desanding rod mounted in the pump barrel and extending axially therein for entering the hollow bottom end of the plunger when it approaches the lower end of its down stroke for removing sand from the plunger, the upper end oE the desanding rod being provided with downwardly and outwardly extending projections to ~ facilitate removal of sand from the plunger when the plunger moves upwardly `~ away from the lower end of its down stroke.
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the oil well pump of the present invention with the plunger pull down assembly associated with the pump and its operating mechanism.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal, vertical section of the upper portion of the assembly of Figure 1.
Figure 2a is a longitudinal sectional view of the lower portion of Figure 1 illustrating the pump structure and the plunger pull down mechanism associated therewith.
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the oil well pump of the present invention with the plunger pull down assembly associated with the pump and its operating mechanism.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal, vertical section of the upper portion of the assembly of Figure 1.
Figure 2a is a longitudinal sectional view of the lower portion of Figure 1 illustrating the pump structure and the plunger pull down mechanism associated therewith.
- 3 -Figure 3 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 3-3 of Figure 2 illustrating the structure for supporting the pull down receiving pipe from the production tubing.
Figure 4 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 4-4 of Figure 2a illustrating the orientation of the desanding rods in the lower end of the pump barrel.
Figure 5 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 5-5 of Figure 2a illustrating the pulley mechanism at the lower end of the pump barrel in the perforated collar. ;
Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a modified `
form of pump and plunger pull down in which the pull down mechanism is oriented within the production tubing.
Figure 7 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 7-7 of Figure 6 illustrating the ` relationship of the production tubing, pump rod string and plunger pull down mechanism.
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Figure 8 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 8-8 of Figure 6 illustrating the structural details of the roller or pulley at the lower end of the pump plunger receiving the pull down mechanism.
Figure 9, located adjacent Figure 1, is a fragmental sectional view of the pump barrel with the plunger pull down mechanism somewhat similar to the lower end portion of Figure 2a but illustrating a modified form of anchor device for the pull down mechanism.
Figure lO is a sectional view of the upper portion of a pump similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 but illustrating a modified pump structure.
Figure lOa is a sectional view of the lower portion of the pump structure of Figure lO illustrating the desander and its association with the plunger and bottom standing valve.
Figure 11 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line ll-ll of Figure lO.
Figure 12 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 12-12 of Figure 10.
Figure 13 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 13-13 of Figure lOa.
Figure 14, located ad~acent Figure 6, is a fragmental sectional view of the desander and plunger illustrating their association when the desander is received in the lower end of the plunger.
Figure 15, located adjacent Figure 11, is a vertical sectional view of a pump illustrating a weight connected with the bottom of the plunger and ' oriented in a casing isolated from the material being pumped.
Referring now specifically to the drawings, the embodiment of the oil well pump illustrated in Figs. 1-5 is schematically illustrated in associ-ation with an oil well casing 20 in which the production tubing 22 is disposed with the lower end of the production tubing including a standing valve 24, a pump barrel 26 and a perforated collar 28 which are inserted in the casing 20 in a well known manner with a pack off 30 being provided between the casing 20 and the pump barrel 26 above the production æone and above the perforated collar
Figure 4 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 4-4 of Figure 2a illustrating the orientation of the desanding rods in the lower end of the pump barrel.
Figure 5 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 5-5 of Figure 2a illustrating the pulley mechanism at the lower end of the pump barrel in the perforated collar. ;
Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a modified `
form of pump and plunger pull down in which the pull down mechanism is oriented within the production tubing.
Figure 7 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 7-7 of Figure 6 illustrating the ` relationship of the production tubing, pump rod string and plunger pull down mechanism.
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Figure 8 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 8-8 of Figure 6 illustrating the structural details of the roller or pulley at the lower end of the pump plunger receiving the pull down mechanism.
Figure 9, located adjacent Figure 1, is a fragmental sectional view of the pump barrel with the plunger pull down mechanism somewhat similar to the lower end portion of Figure 2a but illustrating a modified form of anchor device for the pull down mechanism.
Figure lO is a sectional view of the upper portion of a pump similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 but illustrating a modified pump structure.
Figure lOa is a sectional view of the lower portion of the pump structure of Figure lO illustrating the desander and its association with the plunger and bottom standing valve.
Figure 11 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line ll-ll of Figure lO.
Figure 12 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 12-12 of Figure 10.
Figure 13 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially upon a plane passing along section line 13-13 of Figure lOa.
Figure 14, located ad~acent Figure 6, is a fragmental sectional view of the desander and plunger illustrating their association when the desander is received in the lower end of the plunger.
Figure 15, located adjacent Figure 11, is a vertical sectional view of a pump illustrating a weight connected with the bottom of the plunger and ' oriented in a casing isolated from the material being pumped.
Referring now specifically to the drawings, the embodiment of the oil well pump illustrated in Figs. 1-5 is schematically illustrated in associ-ation with an oil well casing 20 in which the production tubing 22 is disposed with the lower end of the production tubing including a standing valve 24, a pump barrel 26 and a perforated collar 28 which are inserted in the casing 20 in a well known manner with a pack off 30 being provided between the casing 20 and the pump barrel 26 above the production æone and above the perforated collar
- 4 ~
-28. A reciprocating plunger 32 is disposed in the pump barrel 26 for vertical reciprocation by a pump rod string 34 which includes a lower polish rod 36 or the like and which extends above ground level for connection with a walking bean 38 which is oscillated in a vertical plane about a horizontal pivot such as pivot point 40 in a well known manner. The walking beam 38 is connected to the pump rod string 34 in any conventional manner such as by a flexible cable 41 or the like and the walking beam 38 may be counterbalanced and operated in a conventional manner with the walking beam, its operating mechanism and its supporting structure being completely conventional for reciprocating the pump plunger 32 in a well known manner.
When the pump is used to pump heavy crude oil or similar fluid~ the pump plunger 32 and the pump rod string 34 sometimes will not move vertically downwardly at a desired speed so that when the walking beam pulls the pump rod string upwardly the plunger either has not reached bottom thus reducing its stroke or the rate of reciprocation of the plunger is otherwise slowed due to buildup of asphalt, paraffin and the like as well as the viscosity of the fluid being pumped. While the pump rod string is sometimes constructed of a plurality ; .l' '''.~
r `, - 4a -' Y?~`$~;19 of sucker rods rigidly connected together and connected positively to the walk-ing beam so that the pump rod string can be forced downwardly by exerting com-pression forces on the upper end thereof, this results in la$eral bending or deflection or folding of the pump rod string 34 and in somP instances results in wear of the pump rod string, wear of the tubing 22, breakage of the pump rod string and puncturing o the tubing. In order to alleviate this problem9 a vertical pipe 42 is oriented in the casing 20 alongside of the production tubing 22 with the pipe 42 receiving a pull down rod 44 that is generally parallel to the pump rod string 34. As illustrated in Fig. 2a the pipe 42 extends through the pack off and to a point below the plunger where it is con~
nected to the upper end of the perforated collar 23. The pull down rod 44 is reciprocally mounted in the pipe 42 and at its lower end, the pull down rod 44 is connected with a cable 46 that extends from the bottom end of the pipe 42 into the hollow interior of the perforated collar 28. The cable 46 passes under a grooved pulley, roller or sheave 48 that is rotatably suppor~ed from the bottom plate 50 of the perforated casing 28 by upstanding supporting brackets 52 and a transverse bearing pin or bolt 54. The cable 46 then extends upwardly into the bottom end of the pump barrel 28 and is anchored to the lower end of the pump plunger 32 by a loop 56 being formed on the end of the cable and being oriented over a traverse rod of pin 58 on the bottom end of the plunger 32. As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the upper end of ~he pull down rod 44 is connected with a similar cable 60 which extends upwardly beyond the walk-ing beam 38 and over top of a roller 62 that is journaled from a suitable sup-port structure 64 with the cable 60 then extending downwardly and being con-nected to the walking beam at its upper edge as indicated at points 64 which is in opposite relation to the point oE connection between the walking beam 38 and the pump rod string 34. Thus, in effect the cable 60, pull down rod 44, cable 46, plunger 32 and pump rod string 34 including the polish rod 36 and cable 41 act as a continuous cable or flexible member connected to the walking beam 38 so that as the walking beam 38 is oscillated in a vertical plane, the pump plunger 32 will be positively moved in both directions with the plunger 32 being moved upwardly when the point of connection between ~he walking beam 38 and the pump rod string 34 is moved upwardly and the plunger being pulled down~
,?'~ r~
wardly when the walking beam moves downwardly, thus moving the point of connec-tion 64 between the walking beam 38 and ~lle cabl~ 60, rod 44 and cable 46 is pulled downwardly, thus elimina~ing any compressive forces being exerted on the pump rod string 34 and eliminating any tendency of the pump rod string to flex or bend laterally and come into contact with the production tubing.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, the pipe 42 which receives the pull down rod 44 is provided with a packing 66 at its upper end since it i5 in commNnica-tion with the production zone and the pack offs 30 also enclose the pipe 42 as well as the produc~ion tubing 22 to properly orient the pipe 42 and production tubing 22 within the casing 20. For positioning tne pipe 42 in relation to ~he production tubing 22, a clamp ring 68 is provided around the production tubing and includes 2n extension clamp ring 70 around the pipe 42 as illustrated in Fig. 3 wi~h clamp bolts 72 being provided for securing the pipe 42 in position -~
and maintaining the parallelism of the pipe 42 with the production tubing 22 with the clamp rings being oriented and longitudinally spaced at points along the length of the production tubing 22 and pipe 42. The closure cap 74 for the cas-ing 22 rigidly receives the pipe 42 and production 22 in a well Icnown manner such as by welding or the like and the cap 74 is se!cured to the casing 20 by bolt 76 or the like with the production tubing al~o including an upper seal or packing 78 and a production pipe 80 extending lateral].y therefrom to a suitable storage area or the like, all of which represents co~ventional structure.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, a standing valve 24 is incorporated into the production tubing above the plunger 32 and includes a valv& body 82 made up into the production ~ubing and having a central bore with the polish rod 36 extending $herethrough with a packing 84 at the lower end thereof and a plurality of longitudinal passageways 86 therethrough. The passageways 86 are each pro vided with a ball valve 8~ at the upper end thereof oriented within a perforated cage 90 to retain the ball valve in place so that fluid being pumped upwardly by the plunger 32 will pass through the s~anding valve 24 thus eli~inating hydro-static head on the plunger when it i9 pulled downwardly.
The plung~r 32 includes an elongated skirt 92 having a conicallyshaped hollow interior 94 co~m~tnicating with the bottom thereof and a passage-way 96 in the upper end thereof having a ball valve 98 engaged ~herewith, thus orming a traveling valve with the upper end of the passageway 96 forming a valve seat for the ball valve 98. A perforated cage 100 for the ball valve is connected to the upper end of the skirt 92 and is connected to the lower end of the polish rod 36 in a well known manner so that as the plunger is reciprocated, oil will be pumped up through the passageway 96 and out through the perforated cage in a well kno~m manner as the plunger moves downwardly and when the plunger moves upwardly, the traveling valve 98 will close thus moving fluid upwardly in the pump barrel 26 and up through the standing valve 24, with this operation of the reciprocating plunger being conventional.
As illustrated in Fig. 2a, the lower end of the pump barrel 26 is provided with a collar 102 threaded to the lower end of the pump barrel 26 ha~ing the perforated collar 28 threaded thereon. The collar 102 includes a transversely extending relatively narrow supporting member 104 which has a central aperture 106 for passage of the cable 46. The transverse supporting pla~e or member 104 supports a pair of upstancling desanding rods 108 which are oriented on opposite sides of the cable 46 ancl are adapted to extend upwardly lnto the bottom end of the hollow interior 94 of the plunger 32 when it is at its lowermost position for ramoving any sand l:hat may be packed into the hollow interior area 94. The upper ends of the desanding rods 108 may be provided with 20 inverted V-shaped hook-like barbs 110 to faciLitate removal of sand from the ~;
hollow interior 94 of the plunger skirt 92.
With this construction the pump plunger 32 is reciprocated positi~ely in both an upward and downward direction and the pump plunger 32 is retained in a substantially sand-free condition. Fig. 9 illustrates a variation of this embodiment of the invention in which all of the components are the same except for the structure receiving the lower portion of the cable 46. The structure in ig. 9 includes a pair of side by side grooved pulleys or ~ollers 112 supportPd by brackets 114 rigid with the bottom plate 50 and journaled about transverse pins or bolts 116. This structure operates in the same manner as the structure illustrated in the lower portion of Fig. 2a but enables the use of two smaller pulleys rather than the one larger pulley with the tangents to the remote edges of the pulleys 112 being in alignment wi~h the center of the pipe 42 and the centar oi the pump barrel 26, respectively, which is the same relationship as 3~
the tangents to the opposite side edges of the single pulley 48 illus~rated in Fig. 2a.
Figs. 6-8 illustrate another embodiment of the pull down s~ructure for a reciproca~ing plunger with a differently constructed plunger from that illus~rated in Figs. 1 5. In this construction, the production tubing 120, standing valve 122~ pump barrel 124 and pull down anchor collar 126 are assem-bled and inserted into the casing 20 in a conventional manner with a pack off 128 being provided between the casing 20 and the pump barrel 124 above the pro-duction zone. In this construction, ~he pump rod string, sucker rod or polish rod 130 and the pull down rod 132 are both oriented within the production tub- ~-ing 120 with the pull down rod 132 extending through the standing valve 122 and the pump plunger 134 ~o a point adjacent the anchor collar 126. A cable 136 is connected to the lower end of the rod 132 and extends around a grooved pulley or roller 13~ rotatably journaled on a transverse pin or rod 130 extending transversely of the annular anchor collar 126 which is threaded to the barrel 124 and the lower portion of the pump which may involve a perforated collar or a bottom valve if one i9 used. The pulley is maintsined in spaced relation to the interior surfaces o~ the collar 126 by spacers 142 as illustrated in Fig~ 8 with the cable 136 extending upwardly into thc~ lower end of the pump barrel and ~`
terminsting in a loop 144 attached to a transverse pin 146 rigid with the lower end of the plunger 134. The upper end of the pull down rod 132 is connected with a cable 14R with the cable 148 extending upwardly to a roller that is sup-ported above the walking beam so that the cable 148 extends around the roller and downwardly and is connected to the walking beam in the same manner as il-lustrated in Fig. 1 with the pump rod string also being connected to the walk-ing beam so that the plunger 134 is reciprocated positively wi~hin the pump barrel 124 in the same manner as discussed in detail in connection with the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1-5.
In this construction, the standing valve 122 is provided with a ~.
threaded connection to the production tubing 120 and a threaded connection with the barrel 124 in a conventional manner and provided with one or a plurality of passageways 150 each of which is provided with a ball valve 152 and a ball valve cage 154 in the upper end thereo for relieving the plunger of hydrostatic .3~
pressure during its downward movement in the same manner as in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1-5. Also, a central passageway or bore 156 is provided for passage of the polish rod 130 with a suitable packing assembly 156 being provided at the lower end thereof. In addition, the rod 132 may be provided with a packing where it passes through a bore 158 in the standing valve 122 since it also passes through the working chamber of the pump between the plunger 134 and the standing valve 122.
The plunger in this construction includes a generally cylindrical member 160 having a lower closure plate 162 to which the ~ransverse pin 146 is connected together with a valve sea~ 164, a ball valve 166 and a cage 168 therefor to enable entry of fluid being pumped into the interior of the sleeve or skirt 160. The upper end of the skirt 160 is provided with a closure plate 170 having a valve seat 172 therein, a ball valve 174 and a cage 176 ~herefor so that the ball valves 166 and 174, in effect, form a double traveling valve or a two-stage trsveling valve so that the fluid being pumped is moved from a position below the plunger 134 into the interior of the plunger 134 and then up through the valve 174. The upper end portion of the plunger 134 is provided with a cylindrical extension 178 having a ~op pla~e 180 provided thereon and provided with aper~ures 182 for passage of fluid being pumped with the lower end of the polish rod 130 being connected to the plate 180 a~ at 184. This ` embodiment of the invention operates in generally the same manner as the other embodiment insofar as the pull down on the plunger is concerned so that the plunger and the pump rod string both are positively pulled downwardly to their lowermost position and also pulled upwardly to their uppermost position in a ~ positive manner in response to oscillation o~ the walking beam or any other - operating mechanism normally employed for reciprocating the pump plunger.
Fig. 15 illustrates another em~odiment of the structure for exerting a down~ard pull on the plunger and pump rod string in which the production tubing 200 is made up with an upper standing valve 202, a pump barrel 204 having a pump plunger 206 reciprocating tharein toward and away from a bottom standing valve 208 and a perfora~ed collar 210 below the bottom standing ~alve. Below the bottom closure pla~e 212 for the perforated collar 210, there is provided a cylindrical tubular sleeve 214 having t clos~re pl=te 2l5 in the lower e=d there-_g_ ~3i ~ 3~
of so that the plates 212 and 215 isolate the interior of the sleeve from theoil being pumped. Disposed for free sliding movement within the sleeve 214 is a weight 216 which may conveniently be of cylindrical construction and generally similar in configuration to the interior of the sleeve 214 for guided movement therein. The weight 216 is provided with a plurality of vertical bores 218 extending from end to end thereof with the interior of the sleeve being filled with a fluid such as light oil or the like. The light weight oil can move through the bores 218 so that the weight 216 can move vertically within the sleeve 214 wi~hout restriction or with very little restriction. The weight 216 is used to urge the plunger 206 downwardly with the weight being connected to the plunger 206 by the use of a lower polish rod 220 that is connected to a garbut nut 222 screwed into the bottom end of the plunger with the lower polish rod 220 extending through a b~re 224 in the bottom standing valve 208, through a packing 226 in the lower end therecf~ through the perforated collar 210 and the bottom plate 212 wi~h a seal or packing 223 being provicled for the lower polish rod 220 where it passes through the plate 212. This arrangement isolates the interior of the sleeve 214 from the heavy crude oil being pumped and enàbles the weight 216 to exert a downward force on the plunger 204, and even though this weight must be lifted when the plunger is lifted by the pump rod string 230 it will exert a desirable downward gravitational force on the plunger 206 when the pun~ rod string 230 is being lowered, thus producing a constant downward force on the plunger 206 independent of changes in the viscosity o the fluid being pumped.
In this embodiment of the pump, the lower standing valve 208 is pro-vided wi~h passageways 232 therethrough each of which is provided with a ball valve 234 and perforated cages 236 therefor to provide inlet of fluid being pumped through the perforated collar 210 up through the bottom standing valve 208 to a position between the botto~ standing valve 208 and the plunger 206.
The plunger 206 is provided with a hollow interior of conical shape 238 having a passageway in the center upper end thereof at 240 which is provided with a ball valve 244, thus providing a traveling valve in the plunger 206. The ball valve 242 is retained in position by a perforated cage 244 connected to the upper end of the plunger ~06 and having at its upper end a connection wi~h the t~ $ ~
polish rod forming part oE the pump rod string 230. The upper standing valve or top standing valve 202 is likewise provided with a plurality of bores or passageways 246 each of which is prol~ided with a ball valve 248 and a perfo-rated cage 250 to remove hydrostatic head from the plunger 206 during its downward stroke. The top stsnding valve 202 is also provided with a passage-way or bore 252 extending therethrough receiving the polish rod with a packing 254 being provided therefor to retain the compression compartment of the pump at the upper end of the barrel sealed in relation to the produrtion tubing 200.
Figs. 10-14 disclose a pump structure that does not use the plunger pull down feature but includes a novel desanding assembly and other pump features.
In this construction, the pump barrel 260 is oriented in the casing 20 and pro-vided with a pack off 262 between the casing and the pump barrel 260 above the production zone. The pump plunger 264 is provided with a hollow, generally conically shaped interior 266 communicating with the bottom of the plunger and provided with a passageway 268 with a valve seat in its upper end. A ball valve 270 is provided on the valve seat and forms a traveling valve in the pump plunger. The pump plunger 264 is provided wieh a perforated cage 272 on the upper end thereof to retain the ball in place and enable passage of fluid up through the plunger 264 and a polish rod 274 :Ls connected to the cage 272 so that 20 reciprocation of the polish rod 274 will reciprocate the plunger 264 in a well known manner. Attached to the lower end of the pump barrel 260 is a bottom standing valve 276 having a ball valve 278 associated with a b~ll valve seat 280 and a perorated cage 282 to enable passage of fluid inwardly through a perio~
rated collar 284 and UR through the standing valve 276. The lower end of the perforated collar 284 is provided with the usual bull plug 286 if desired.
For preventing ~he packing of sand into the conical hollow area 266 of the plunger 624, a desanding rod 288 is provided and oriented centrally in the pump barrel 260 tlpwardly of the bottom standing valve 276. The desanding rod 288 is supported from a transverse suppor~ing plate or strap 290 on a collar 292.
The upper end of the desanding rod 288 is provided with a pair of outwardly e~-tending and downwardly extending projections 294 which serve as nook devices so that when the plunger 264 moves to its lowermost position as illustrated in Fig.
14, any sand accumulated in the conical interior 266 will be effectively removed 3~
from the plunger, thus eliminating the packing of sand within the interior of the plunger. In addition, the specific construction and configuration o the conical interior area 266 has advan~ages over the conventional cylindrical skirt on a plunger since the conical configuration will tend to prevent packing or bridging of sand across the interior of the plunger and any sand will be more easily removed by merely tapping or bumping the pu~p rod string or by bumping the plunger on the bottom s~anding valve or the like when no desander is used.
Thus, the shape and configuration of the conical ares 266 is effective to reduce :,~
the packing of sand in the plunger as compared with a conventional cylindrical skirt and also enables easier removal of the sand by tapping or bumping the pump rod string or plunger and also is adapted to be used in association with the desander which enters the hollow interior 266 to a substantial degree as `~ illustrated in Fig. 14 in order to remove any sand compacted in this area.
~' The pump construction in Fig. 10 also includes an upper standing valve ~.
300 to which the pump barrel 260 is attached and which includes a central bore 302 receiving the polish rod 274. The standing valve 300 is provided wlth a packing 304 where the polish rod 274 exits from the bore 302 and is provided with a plurality of bores 306 each of which is provided with a ball valve 308 and a perforated ball cage 310 for removing the hydrostatic head from the pump plunger 264. Attached to the upper ends of the ball cage valves 310 is a plate 312 which is perforated and bolted ~o the cages by bolts 314. The plate 312 is rigidly affixed to a lifting nipple 316 as by welding or the like with the lifting nipple 316 including packing elements 318 and a retainer nut 320 for sealing the polish rod 302. The upper end portion of the lif~ing nipple 316 is provided with a perforated plate 322. The nut 320 on the packing may be perforated to enable pressure to pass downwardly to compress the packing 318 and a washer with a spring follower may be provided to compress the packing for extending the useful life thereof. Thii assembly is provided in a cover or casing 324 which is connected to the standing valve 300 which arrangement is used when the pump is to be used as an insert pump and a seating unit is provided at the bot-tom thereof rather than the bull plug 286. A tubing adapter 326 is connected to the cover 324 and a perforated nipple 328 is provided for pumping out the annulus when desired. A sealing nipple 330 is provided above perforated nipple .:
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328 and a sub 332 with a drain plug 334 is provided with the sealing nipple 330 serving ~o retain the tubing 336 full of diesel fuel or the light weight lubricating fluid such as would be desired when heavy uel is being pumped.
An excess pressure will cause the drain plug shear a pin or otherwise move up-wardly against a stop 338 to drain the tubing through a drain opening communi-cating with the annulus between the tubing and casing.
The drain plug 336 may be provided with 0-rings at the upper end and a shear pin at its upper end which retains the lower end thereof in the drain opening 340. By introducing excess pressure through the pressure entry passage-10 way 342, the shear pin may be ruptured and the plug or pin 334 elevated to open the drain opening 340 with the fluid being directed downwardly from the drain opening 340 which will be of some assistance in helping to e~tricate sand locked pumps. Fig. 11 illustrates the apertures 321 in the plug or nut 320 for the packing which enables pressure in the lifting nipple 316 to assist the spring 317 in pushing downwardly against the washer 319 on the packing 318, thus pro-viding for longer, more useful life of the paoking.
The specific construction and arrangement of the upper standing valve may be varied as to the size and location of t:he ball valves, cages and passage-ways and the shape and configuration of the traveling valve and cage may be varied. The standing valve 300 may be altered as to its overall diameter to enable the pump to be used as an insert pump so that the entire assembly may be inserted into the production tubing when used as an insert pump.
The pump assemblies as disclosed provide a structure in the plunger itself to reduce the tendency of sand to pack into the bottom of the plunger due to its conical configuration and enables easier removal thereo by tapping or bumping the pump rod string or plunger against the bottom valve and in more extreme sltuations, the desander assembly may be associated with the plunger for entering the bottom of the plunger when the plunger is adjacent the lower end of its stroke for removing sand from the plunger. The pump and its various components may be of diEferent sizes and may be made up into the production tubing or of the insert type. The pump with the pull down arrang~nent, either ~he isolated weight or the positive cable and rod type of pull dDwn, is especially adapted for use in pumping heavy crude oil or other similar oils or 3~;
fluids while the desanding feature is adapted for use in ins~allations where the fluid being pumped has considerable sand entrained therein. ::
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-28. A reciprocating plunger 32 is disposed in the pump barrel 26 for vertical reciprocation by a pump rod string 34 which includes a lower polish rod 36 or the like and which extends above ground level for connection with a walking bean 38 which is oscillated in a vertical plane about a horizontal pivot such as pivot point 40 in a well known manner. The walking beam 38 is connected to the pump rod string 34 in any conventional manner such as by a flexible cable 41 or the like and the walking beam 38 may be counterbalanced and operated in a conventional manner with the walking beam, its operating mechanism and its supporting structure being completely conventional for reciprocating the pump plunger 32 in a well known manner.
When the pump is used to pump heavy crude oil or similar fluid~ the pump plunger 32 and the pump rod string 34 sometimes will not move vertically downwardly at a desired speed so that when the walking beam pulls the pump rod string upwardly the plunger either has not reached bottom thus reducing its stroke or the rate of reciprocation of the plunger is otherwise slowed due to buildup of asphalt, paraffin and the like as well as the viscosity of the fluid being pumped. While the pump rod string is sometimes constructed of a plurality ; .l' '''.~
r `, - 4a -' Y?~`$~;19 of sucker rods rigidly connected together and connected positively to the walk-ing beam so that the pump rod string can be forced downwardly by exerting com-pression forces on the upper end thereof, this results in la$eral bending or deflection or folding of the pump rod string 34 and in somP instances results in wear of the pump rod string, wear of the tubing 22, breakage of the pump rod string and puncturing o the tubing. In order to alleviate this problem9 a vertical pipe 42 is oriented in the casing 20 alongside of the production tubing 22 with the pipe 42 receiving a pull down rod 44 that is generally parallel to the pump rod string 34. As illustrated in Fig. 2a the pipe 42 extends through the pack off and to a point below the plunger where it is con~
nected to the upper end of the perforated collar 23. The pull down rod 44 is reciprocally mounted in the pipe 42 and at its lower end, the pull down rod 44 is connected with a cable 46 that extends from the bottom end of the pipe 42 into the hollow interior of the perforated collar 28. The cable 46 passes under a grooved pulley, roller or sheave 48 that is rotatably suppor~ed from the bottom plate 50 of the perforated casing 28 by upstanding supporting brackets 52 and a transverse bearing pin or bolt 54. The cable 46 then extends upwardly into the bottom end of the pump barrel 28 and is anchored to the lower end of the pump plunger 32 by a loop 56 being formed on the end of the cable and being oriented over a traverse rod of pin 58 on the bottom end of the plunger 32. As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the upper end of ~he pull down rod 44 is connected with a similar cable 60 which extends upwardly beyond the walk-ing beam 38 and over top of a roller 62 that is journaled from a suitable sup-port structure 64 with the cable 60 then extending downwardly and being con-nected to the walking beam at its upper edge as indicated at points 64 which is in opposite relation to the point oE connection between the walking beam 38 and the pump rod string 34. Thus, in effect the cable 60, pull down rod 44, cable 46, plunger 32 and pump rod string 34 including the polish rod 36 and cable 41 act as a continuous cable or flexible member connected to the walking beam 38 so that as the walking beam 38 is oscillated in a vertical plane, the pump plunger 32 will be positively moved in both directions with the plunger 32 being moved upwardly when the point of connection between ~he walking beam 38 and the pump rod string 34 is moved upwardly and the plunger being pulled down~
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wardly when the walking beam moves downwardly, thus moving the point of connec-tion 64 between the walking beam 38 and ~lle cabl~ 60, rod 44 and cable 46 is pulled downwardly, thus elimina~ing any compressive forces being exerted on the pump rod string 34 and eliminating any tendency of the pump rod string to flex or bend laterally and come into contact with the production tubing.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, the pipe 42 which receives the pull down rod 44 is provided with a packing 66 at its upper end since it i5 in commNnica-tion with the production zone and the pack offs 30 also enclose the pipe 42 as well as the produc~ion tubing 22 to properly orient the pipe 42 and production tubing 22 within the casing 20. For positioning tne pipe 42 in relation to ~he production tubing 22, a clamp ring 68 is provided around the production tubing and includes 2n extension clamp ring 70 around the pipe 42 as illustrated in Fig. 3 wi~h clamp bolts 72 being provided for securing the pipe 42 in position -~
and maintaining the parallelism of the pipe 42 with the production tubing 22 with the clamp rings being oriented and longitudinally spaced at points along the length of the production tubing 22 and pipe 42. The closure cap 74 for the cas-ing 22 rigidly receives the pipe 42 and production 22 in a well Icnown manner such as by welding or the like and the cap 74 is se!cured to the casing 20 by bolt 76 or the like with the production tubing al~o including an upper seal or packing 78 and a production pipe 80 extending lateral].y therefrom to a suitable storage area or the like, all of which represents co~ventional structure.
As illustrated in Fig. 2, a standing valve 24 is incorporated into the production tubing above the plunger 32 and includes a valv& body 82 made up into the production ~ubing and having a central bore with the polish rod 36 extending $herethrough with a packing 84 at the lower end thereof and a plurality of longitudinal passageways 86 therethrough. The passageways 86 are each pro vided with a ball valve 8~ at the upper end thereof oriented within a perforated cage 90 to retain the ball valve in place so that fluid being pumped upwardly by the plunger 32 will pass through the s~anding valve 24 thus eli~inating hydro-static head on the plunger when it i9 pulled downwardly.
The plung~r 32 includes an elongated skirt 92 having a conicallyshaped hollow interior 94 co~m~tnicating with the bottom thereof and a passage-way 96 in the upper end thereof having a ball valve 98 engaged ~herewith, thus orming a traveling valve with the upper end of the passageway 96 forming a valve seat for the ball valve 98. A perforated cage 100 for the ball valve is connected to the upper end of the skirt 92 and is connected to the lower end of the polish rod 36 in a well known manner so that as the plunger is reciprocated, oil will be pumped up through the passageway 96 and out through the perforated cage in a well kno~m manner as the plunger moves downwardly and when the plunger moves upwardly, the traveling valve 98 will close thus moving fluid upwardly in the pump barrel 26 and up through the standing valve 24, with this operation of the reciprocating plunger being conventional.
As illustrated in Fig. 2a, the lower end of the pump barrel 26 is provided with a collar 102 threaded to the lower end of the pump barrel 26 ha~ing the perforated collar 28 threaded thereon. The collar 102 includes a transversely extending relatively narrow supporting member 104 which has a central aperture 106 for passage of the cable 46. The transverse supporting pla~e or member 104 supports a pair of upstancling desanding rods 108 which are oriented on opposite sides of the cable 46 ancl are adapted to extend upwardly lnto the bottom end of the hollow interior 94 of the plunger 32 when it is at its lowermost position for ramoving any sand l:hat may be packed into the hollow interior area 94. The upper ends of the desanding rods 108 may be provided with 20 inverted V-shaped hook-like barbs 110 to faciLitate removal of sand from the ~;
hollow interior 94 of the plunger skirt 92.
With this construction the pump plunger 32 is reciprocated positi~ely in both an upward and downward direction and the pump plunger 32 is retained in a substantially sand-free condition. Fig. 9 illustrates a variation of this embodiment of the invention in which all of the components are the same except for the structure receiving the lower portion of the cable 46. The structure in ig. 9 includes a pair of side by side grooved pulleys or ~ollers 112 supportPd by brackets 114 rigid with the bottom plate 50 and journaled about transverse pins or bolts 116. This structure operates in the same manner as the structure illustrated in the lower portion of Fig. 2a but enables the use of two smaller pulleys rather than the one larger pulley with the tangents to the remote edges of the pulleys 112 being in alignment wi~h the center of the pipe 42 and the centar oi the pump barrel 26, respectively, which is the same relationship as 3~
the tangents to the opposite side edges of the single pulley 48 illus~rated in Fig. 2a.
Figs. 6-8 illustrate another embodiment of the pull down s~ructure for a reciproca~ing plunger with a differently constructed plunger from that illus~rated in Figs. 1 5. In this construction, the production tubing 120, standing valve 122~ pump barrel 124 and pull down anchor collar 126 are assem-bled and inserted into the casing 20 in a conventional manner with a pack off 128 being provided between the casing 20 and the pump barrel 124 above the pro-duction zone. In this construction, ~he pump rod string, sucker rod or polish rod 130 and the pull down rod 132 are both oriented within the production tub- ~-ing 120 with the pull down rod 132 extending through the standing valve 122 and the pump plunger 134 ~o a point adjacent the anchor collar 126. A cable 136 is connected to the lower end of the rod 132 and extends around a grooved pulley or roller 13~ rotatably journaled on a transverse pin or rod 130 extending transversely of the annular anchor collar 126 which is threaded to the barrel 124 and the lower portion of the pump which may involve a perforated collar or a bottom valve if one i9 used. The pulley is maintsined in spaced relation to the interior surfaces o~ the collar 126 by spacers 142 as illustrated in Fig~ 8 with the cable 136 extending upwardly into thc~ lower end of the pump barrel and ~`
terminsting in a loop 144 attached to a transverse pin 146 rigid with the lower end of the plunger 134. The upper end of the pull down rod 132 is connected with a cable 14R with the cable 148 extending upwardly to a roller that is sup-ported above the walking beam so that the cable 148 extends around the roller and downwardly and is connected to the walking beam in the same manner as il-lustrated in Fig. 1 with the pump rod string also being connected to the walk-ing beam so that the plunger 134 is reciprocated positively wi~hin the pump barrel 124 in the same manner as discussed in detail in connection with the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1-5.
In this construction, the standing valve 122 is provided with a ~.
threaded connection to the production tubing 120 and a threaded connection with the barrel 124 in a conventional manner and provided with one or a plurality of passageways 150 each of which is provided with a ball valve 152 and a ball valve cage 154 in the upper end thereo for relieving the plunger of hydrostatic .3~
pressure during its downward movement in the same manner as in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1-5. Also, a central passageway or bore 156 is provided for passage of the polish rod 130 with a suitable packing assembly 156 being provided at the lower end thereof. In addition, the rod 132 may be provided with a packing where it passes through a bore 158 in the standing valve 122 since it also passes through the working chamber of the pump between the plunger 134 and the standing valve 122.
The plunger in this construction includes a generally cylindrical member 160 having a lower closure plate 162 to which the ~ransverse pin 146 is connected together with a valve sea~ 164, a ball valve 166 and a cage 168 therefor to enable entry of fluid being pumped into the interior of the sleeve or skirt 160. The upper end of the skirt 160 is provided with a closure plate 170 having a valve seat 172 therein, a ball valve 174 and a cage 176 ~herefor so that the ball valves 166 and 174, in effect, form a double traveling valve or a two-stage trsveling valve so that the fluid being pumped is moved from a position below the plunger 134 into the interior of the plunger 134 and then up through the valve 174. The upper end portion of the plunger 134 is provided with a cylindrical extension 178 having a ~op pla~e 180 provided thereon and provided with aper~ures 182 for passage of fluid being pumped with the lower end of the polish rod 130 being connected to the plate 180 a~ at 184. This ` embodiment of the invention operates in generally the same manner as the other embodiment insofar as the pull down on the plunger is concerned so that the plunger and the pump rod string both are positively pulled downwardly to their lowermost position and also pulled upwardly to their uppermost position in a ~ positive manner in response to oscillation o~ the walking beam or any other - operating mechanism normally employed for reciprocating the pump plunger.
Fig. 15 illustrates another em~odiment of the structure for exerting a down~ard pull on the plunger and pump rod string in which the production tubing 200 is made up with an upper standing valve 202, a pump barrel 204 having a pump plunger 206 reciprocating tharein toward and away from a bottom standing valve 208 and a perfora~ed collar 210 below the bottom standing ~alve. Below the bottom closure pla~e 212 for the perforated collar 210, there is provided a cylindrical tubular sleeve 214 having t clos~re pl=te 2l5 in the lower e=d there-_g_ ~3i ~ 3~
of so that the plates 212 and 215 isolate the interior of the sleeve from theoil being pumped. Disposed for free sliding movement within the sleeve 214 is a weight 216 which may conveniently be of cylindrical construction and generally similar in configuration to the interior of the sleeve 214 for guided movement therein. The weight 216 is provided with a plurality of vertical bores 218 extending from end to end thereof with the interior of the sleeve being filled with a fluid such as light oil or the like. The light weight oil can move through the bores 218 so that the weight 216 can move vertically within the sleeve 214 wi~hout restriction or with very little restriction. The weight 216 is used to urge the plunger 206 downwardly with the weight being connected to the plunger 206 by the use of a lower polish rod 220 that is connected to a garbut nut 222 screwed into the bottom end of the plunger with the lower polish rod 220 extending through a b~re 224 in the bottom standing valve 208, through a packing 226 in the lower end therecf~ through the perforated collar 210 and the bottom plate 212 wi~h a seal or packing 223 being provicled for the lower polish rod 220 where it passes through the plate 212. This arrangement isolates the interior of the sleeve 214 from the heavy crude oil being pumped and enàbles the weight 216 to exert a downward force on the plunger 204, and even though this weight must be lifted when the plunger is lifted by the pump rod string 230 it will exert a desirable downward gravitational force on the plunger 206 when the pun~ rod string 230 is being lowered, thus producing a constant downward force on the plunger 206 independent of changes in the viscosity o the fluid being pumped.
In this embodiment of the pump, the lower standing valve 208 is pro-vided wi~h passageways 232 therethrough each of which is provided with a ball valve 234 and perforated cages 236 therefor to provide inlet of fluid being pumped through the perforated collar 210 up through the bottom standing valve 208 to a position between the botto~ standing valve 208 and the plunger 206.
The plunger 206 is provided with a hollow interior of conical shape 238 having a passageway in the center upper end thereof at 240 which is provided with a ball valve 244, thus providing a traveling valve in the plunger 206. The ball valve 242 is retained in position by a perforated cage 244 connected to the upper end of the plunger ~06 and having at its upper end a connection wi~h the t~ $ ~
polish rod forming part oE the pump rod string 230. The upper standing valve or top standing valve 202 is likewise provided with a plurality of bores or passageways 246 each of which is prol~ided with a ball valve 248 and a perfo-rated cage 250 to remove hydrostatic head from the plunger 206 during its downward stroke. The top stsnding valve 202 is also provided with a passage-way or bore 252 extending therethrough receiving the polish rod with a packing 254 being provided therefor to retain the compression compartment of the pump at the upper end of the barrel sealed in relation to the produrtion tubing 200.
Figs. 10-14 disclose a pump structure that does not use the plunger pull down feature but includes a novel desanding assembly and other pump features.
In this construction, the pump barrel 260 is oriented in the casing 20 and pro-vided with a pack off 262 between the casing and the pump barrel 260 above the production zone. The pump plunger 264 is provided with a hollow, generally conically shaped interior 266 communicating with the bottom of the plunger and provided with a passageway 268 with a valve seat in its upper end. A ball valve 270 is provided on the valve seat and forms a traveling valve in the pump plunger. The pump plunger 264 is provided wieh a perforated cage 272 on the upper end thereof to retain the ball in place and enable passage of fluid up through the plunger 264 and a polish rod 274 :Ls connected to the cage 272 so that 20 reciprocation of the polish rod 274 will reciprocate the plunger 264 in a well known manner. Attached to the lower end of the pump barrel 260 is a bottom standing valve 276 having a ball valve 278 associated with a b~ll valve seat 280 and a perorated cage 282 to enable passage of fluid inwardly through a perio~
rated collar 284 and UR through the standing valve 276. The lower end of the perforated collar 284 is provided with the usual bull plug 286 if desired.
For preventing ~he packing of sand into the conical hollow area 266 of the plunger 624, a desanding rod 288 is provided and oriented centrally in the pump barrel 260 tlpwardly of the bottom standing valve 276. The desanding rod 288 is supported from a transverse suppor~ing plate or strap 290 on a collar 292.
The upper end of the desanding rod 288 is provided with a pair of outwardly e~-tending and downwardly extending projections 294 which serve as nook devices so that when the plunger 264 moves to its lowermost position as illustrated in Fig.
14, any sand accumulated in the conical interior 266 will be effectively removed 3~
from the plunger, thus eliminating the packing of sand within the interior of the plunger. In addition, the specific construction and configuration o the conical interior area 266 has advan~ages over the conventional cylindrical skirt on a plunger since the conical configuration will tend to prevent packing or bridging of sand across the interior of the plunger and any sand will be more easily removed by merely tapping or bumping the pu~p rod string or by bumping the plunger on the bottom s~anding valve or the like when no desander is used.
Thus, the shape and configuration of the conical ares 266 is effective to reduce :,~
the packing of sand in the plunger as compared with a conventional cylindrical skirt and also enables easier removal of the sand by tapping or bumping the pump rod string or plunger and also is adapted to be used in association with the desander which enters the hollow interior 266 to a substantial degree as `~ illustrated in Fig. 14 in order to remove any sand compacted in this area.
~' The pump construction in Fig. 10 also includes an upper standing valve ~.
300 to which the pump barrel 260 is attached and which includes a central bore 302 receiving the polish rod 274. The standing valve 300 is provided wlth a packing 304 where the polish rod 274 exits from the bore 302 and is provided with a plurality of bores 306 each of which is provided with a ball valve 308 and a perforated ball cage 310 for removing the hydrostatic head from the pump plunger 264. Attached to the upper ends of the ball cage valves 310 is a plate 312 which is perforated and bolted ~o the cages by bolts 314. The plate 312 is rigidly affixed to a lifting nipple 316 as by welding or the like with the lifting nipple 316 including packing elements 318 and a retainer nut 320 for sealing the polish rod 302. The upper end portion of the lif~ing nipple 316 is provided with a perforated plate 322. The nut 320 on the packing may be perforated to enable pressure to pass downwardly to compress the packing 318 and a washer with a spring follower may be provided to compress the packing for extending the useful life thereof. Thii assembly is provided in a cover or casing 324 which is connected to the standing valve 300 which arrangement is used when the pump is to be used as an insert pump and a seating unit is provided at the bot-tom thereof rather than the bull plug 286. A tubing adapter 326 is connected to the cover 324 and a perforated nipple 328 is provided for pumping out the annulus when desired. A sealing nipple 330 is provided above perforated nipple .:
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328 and a sub 332 with a drain plug 334 is provided with the sealing nipple 330 serving ~o retain the tubing 336 full of diesel fuel or the light weight lubricating fluid such as would be desired when heavy uel is being pumped.
An excess pressure will cause the drain plug shear a pin or otherwise move up-wardly against a stop 338 to drain the tubing through a drain opening communi-cating with the annulus between the tubing and casing.
The drain plug 336 may be provided with 0-rings at the upper end and a shear pin at its upper end which retains the lower end thereof in the drain opening 340. By introducing excess pressure through the pressure entry passage-10 way 342, the shear pin may be ruptured and the plug or pin 334 elevated to open the drain opening 340 with the fluid being directed downwardly from the drain opening 340 which will be of some assistance in helping to e~tricate sand locked pumps. Fig. 11 illustrates the apertures 321 in the plug or nut 320 for the packing which enables pressure in the lifting nipple 316 to assist the spring 317 in pushing downwardly against the washer 319 on the packing 318, thus pro-viding for longer, more useful life of the paoking.
The specific construction and arrangement of the upper standing valve may be varied as to the size and location of t:he ball valves, cages and passage-ways and the shape and configuration of the traveling valve and cage may be varied. The standing valve 300 may be altered as to its overall diameter to enable the pump to be used as an insert pump so that the entire assembly may be inserted into the production tubing when used as an insert pump.
The pump assemblies as disclosed provide a structure in the plunger itself to reduce the tendency of sand to pack into the bottom of the plunger due to its conical configuration and enables easier removal thereo by tapping or bumping the pump rod string or plunger against the bottom valve and in more extreme sltuations, the desander assembly may be associated with the plunger for entering the bottom of the plunger when the plunger is adjacent the lower end of its stroke for removing sand from the plunger. The pump and its various components may be of diEferent sizes and may be made up into the production tubing or of the insert type. The pump with the pull down arrang~nent, either ~he isolated weight or the positive cable and rod type of pull dDwn, is especially adapted for use in pumping heavy crude oil or other similar oils or 3~;
fluids while the desanding feature is adapted for use in ins~allations where the fluid being pumped has considerable sand entrained therein. ::
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Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A pump adapted for use in an oil well for pumping heavy crude oil comprising a vertically disposed pump barrel having a lower end in communication with a production zone and an upper end communicating with storage facilitates at ground level, a plunger reciprocally mounted in the pump barrel and including a pump rod string extending to ground level for actuating, said barrel and plunger including valve means for pumping fluid from a production zone to ground level, and pull down means connected to said plunger for exerting a downward force on the plunger and pump rod string connected thereto to facilitate downward movement thereof when pumping heavy crude oil, said pull down means including a tension member extending downwardly from the plunger, and means disposed externally of the barrel to exert a force on said tension member for pulling the plunger and pump rod string downwardly, said tension member extending downwardly from the plunger around a lower anchor means and then upwardly to ground level for operation by the actuating means for the pump rod string so that then the pump rod string is lowered, the tension member is tensioned for pulling the plunger downwardly, said tension member being in the form of a flexible cable having one end anchored to the plunger, said lower anchor means including a roller having a peripheral groove under which the cable is entrained with the cable then extending vertically upwardly, a tension rod connected to the cable and extending to a position adjacent ground level, the pump rod string being actuated by a walking beam swingable in a vertical plane, said tension rod including a cable attached to its upper end extending over top of a roller above the walking beam and being terminally connected to the walking beam whereby the tension rod will be pulled upwardly, thus pulling the plunger downwardly when the walking beam swings downwardly to lower the pump rod string and plunger, said plunger including a hollow lower end of conical configuration tapering inwardly and upwardly to reduce the tendency of sand to clog the valve means in the plunger, and a desanding rod mounted in the pump barrel and extending axially therein for entering the hollow bottom end of the plunger when it approaches the lower end of its down stroke for removing sand from the plunger, the upper end of said desanding rod being provided with downwardly and out-wardly extending projections to facilitate removal of sand from the plunger when the plunger moves upwardly away from the lower end of its down stroke.
2. The pump of claim 1 wherein said tension rod is reciprocally mounted in a vertical housing parallel to and externally of the pump barrel, said roller having one peripheral portion tangentially aligned with the center of the plunger and the opposite periphery tangentially aligned with the housing receiving the rod, said housing extending to ground level and connected with the cable which extends over top of the roller on the walking beam, said pump barrel including a plate at the lower end thereof, said desanding rod being connected to the plate and extending toward the plunger for removing sand therefrom when the plunger reaches its lower limit of downward movement, and a perforated nipple connected to the lower end of the pump barrel, said roller being journaled within said perforated nipple.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000286224A CA1117366A (en) | 1977-09-07 | 1977-09-07 | Oil well pump with plunger pull down and desanding assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000286224A CA1117366A (en) | 1977-09-07 | 1977-09-07 | Oil well pump with plunger pull down and desanding assembly |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1117366A true CA1117366A (en) | 1982-02-02 |
Family
ID=4109470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000286224A Expired CA1117366A (en) | 1977-09-07 | 1977-09-07 | Oil well pump with plunger pull down and desanding assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1117366A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114542440A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Self-draining oil pump |
-
1977
- 1977-09-07 CA CA000286224A patent/CA1117366A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114542440A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Self-draining oil pump |
| CN114542440B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Self-draining oil pump |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |