BRPI0814136B1 - Processo para tratar matéria orgânica para convertê-la em um produto e aparelho para tratar matéria orgânica - Google Patents
Processo para tratar matéria orgânica para convertê-la em um produto e aparelho para tratar matéria orgânica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BRPI0814136B1 BRPI0814136B1 BRPI0814136-3A BRPI0814136A BRPI0814136B1 BR PI0814136 B1 BRPI0814136 B1 BR PI0814136B1 BR PI0814136 A BRPI0814136 A BR PI0814136A BR PI0814136 B1 BRPI0814136 B1 BR PI0814136B1
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- organic matter
- supercritical
- lignite
- product
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008241 heterogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000002751 lymph Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102200118166 rs16951438 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 semicellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
- C10G2300/206—Asphaltenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0979—Water as supercritical steam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
Claims (6)
- REIVINDICAÇÕES1. Processo para converter matéria orgânica em um produto decomposto quimicamente compreendendo um combustível, o processo sendo caracterizado pelo fato de que compreende:produzir um líquido supercrítico ou subcrítico, e contatar a matéria orgânica com o liquido para formar uma mistura reacional em que a matéria orgânica é convertida no produto, em que produzir o liquido supercrítico ou subcrítico compreende aquecer um volume fixo de liquido, e aplicação de uma bomba de pasta fluida de sistema contínuo, a matéria orgânica compreende linhita (carvão marrom) ou compreende um ou mais de hemicelulose, celulose e linhita, a matéria orgânica está na forma de particulado moído em uma pasta fluida compreendendo o líquido, e a razão de líquido para sólido na pasta fluida é menor do que cerca de12:1, o liquido supercrítico ou subcrítico compreende água com uma pressão maior do que cerca de 22 Mpa (200 bar) e uma temperatura entre 350°C e 420°C, e o produto decomposto quimicamente compreende uma fase líquida de produtos de petróleo e um ou ambos de: (i) uma fase sólida incluindo principalmente carvão; e/ou (ii) uma fase gasosa que compreende principalmente metano, hidrogênio, monóxido de carbono e dióxido de carbono.
- 2. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o referido aquecimentoPetição 870180024332, de 26/03/2018, pág. 20/212/2 compreende combustão de pelo menos uma porção da matéria orgânica com um agente oxidante.
- 3. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que a mistura reacional compreende uma quantidade predeterminada do referido agente oxidante para controlar a extensão até que a mistura reacional seja aquecida.
- 4. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que o agente oxidante é selecionado de um ou mais de oxigênio, peróxido de hidrogênio e nitrato de sódio.
- 5. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que a fase líquida dos produtos de petróleo compreende um ou mais de aromáticos substituídos, asfaltenos e pré-asfaltenos.
- 6. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que produzir líquido supercrítico ou subcrítico compreende pressurizar a mistura reacional em um vaso subterrestrial ou suboceânico usando a pressão externa do referido vaso.
7. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que o líquido supercrítico ou subcrítico compreende um ou mais de metanol e etanol. 8. Processo, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que o líquido é um líquido supercrítico. Petição 870180024332, de 26/03/2018, pág. 21/211/2
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007904037 | 2007-07-27 | ||
| AU2007904037A AU2007904037A0 (en) | 2007-07-27 | Process and apparatus for converting organic matter into a product | |
| PCT/AU2008/000429 WO2009015409A1 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-03-26 | Process and apparatus for converting organic matter into a product |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0814136A2 BRPI0814136A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
| BRPI0814136A8 BRPI0814136A8 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
| BRPI0814136B1 true BRPI0814136B1 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
Family
ID=40303789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0814136-3A BRPI0814136B1 (pt) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-03-26 | Processo para tratar matéria orgânica para convertê-la em um produto e aparelho para tratar matéria orgânica |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8579996B2 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP2178625B2 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN101827645B (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU2008281299B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0814136B1 (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2694715C (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2616978T5 (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX2010001072A (pt) |
| MY (1) | MY152724A (pt) |
| NZ (1) | NZ599850A (pt) |
| PL (1) | PL2178625T5 (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT2178625T (pt) |
| RS (1) | RS55492B2 (pt) |
| RU (1) | RU2482908C2 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2009015409A1 (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201000735B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8282738B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | Renmatix, Inc. | Solvo-thermal fractionation of biomass |
| US8546560B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-10-01 | Renmatix, Inc. | Solvo-thermal hydrolysis of cellulose |
| EP3778717A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2021-02-17 | Renmatix Inc. | Nano-catalytic-solvo-thermal technology platform bio-refineries |
| US8119823B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2012-02-21 | Renmatix, Inc. | Solvo-thermal hydrolysis of xylose |
| CN101891149A (zh) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 由含碳有机质的高浓度浆料制备可燃气体的连续方法 |
| US20120141301A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-06-07 | Cidra Corporate Services Inc. | Method and apparatus for predicting maintenance needs of a pump based at least partly on pump performance analysis |
| CN101967396B (zh) * | 2009-07-27 | 2013-10-16 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 一种提取褐煤蜡的方法 |
| NZ598893A (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2012-12-21 | Ignite Energy Resources Ltd | Assembly for reducing the flow pressure of a slurry comprising a plurality of outlets of different diameter, wherein flow pressure is relative to the outlet diameter size and flow can be redirected to different sized outlets depending on the flow pressure that is desired |
| CA2769746C (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2013-10-15 | Renmatix, Inc. | Production of fermentable sugars and lignin from biomass using supercritical fluids |
| WO2011116519A1 (zh) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | 淮北中润生物能源技术开发有限公司 | 一种以亚临界或超临界液体为溶剂、反应物为固体的连续化反应体系 |
| CA2803633C (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2018-04-17 | Ignite Energy Resources Limited | Ballistic heating process |
| US8801859B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2014-08-12 | Renmatix, Inc. | Self-cleaning apparatus and method for thick slurry pressure control |
| AU2012250575B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2015-03-26 | Renmatix, Inc. | Lignin production from lignocellulosic biomass |
| EP2718403B1 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2021-01-06 | Steeper Energy ApS | Process for producing liquid hydrocarbon |
| DK2718404T3 (da) | 2011-06-10 | 2021-04-26 | Steeper Energy Aps | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af flydende carbonhydrider |
| US8759498B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2014-06-24 | Renmatix, Inc. | Compositions comprising lignin |
| EP2817515A2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2014-12-31 | Chemtex Italia S.p.A. | Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds |
| CA2882669C (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2021-01-12 | Steen Brummerstedt Iversen | Improved method for controlling cleaning of an apparatus for producing liquid hydrocarbons |
| AU2013307743B2 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2017-11-09 | Steeper Energy Aps | Improved method for preparing shut down of process and equipment for producing liquid hydrocarbons |
| EP3309237A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2018-04-18 | Steeper Energy ApS | Improved method for preparing start up of process and equipment for producing liquid hydrocarbons |
| CN102851055B (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-10-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种由木质素制备烷烃燃料的方法及其应用 |
| WO2014068590A1 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | A continuous process for depolymerization of lignin to industrially useful chemicals |
| JP6238116B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社リコー | 流体浄化装置 |
| US10144874B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-12-04 | Terrapower, Llc | Method and system for performing thermochemical conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock to a reaction product |
| NZ629687A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-10-28 | Licella Pty Ltd | Biorefining method |
| WO2015018423A1 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Inbicon A/S | Improved device for discharging pretreated biomass from higher to lower pressure regions |
| JP5865554B1 (ja) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-02-17 | 中国電力株式会社 | 超臨界流体によるガス化装置 |
| US10428276B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2019-10-01 | Steeper Energy Aps | Feed mixture for producing hydrocarbons |
| EP4357434A3 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2024-11-20 | Renmatix, Inc. | Adhesive compositions comprising type-ii cellulose |
| EP3072855A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-28 | SCW Systems B.V. | Method of and system for processing a slurry containing organic components |
| CN113150813A (zh) * | 2015-06-11 | 2021-07-23 | 莱斯拉控股有限公司 | 改质残余物、重油和塑料 |
| CA2935825A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-11 | Steeper Energy Aps | Process for producing low sulphur renewable oil |
| WO2018045445A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | Nulife Greentech Inc. | Extraction of liquid hydrocarbon fraction from carbonaceous waste feedstock |
| CA3056784A1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | Terrapower, Llc | Method and system for recycling pyrolysis tail gas through conversion into formic acid |
| US10787610B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2020-09-29 | Terrapower, Llc | Flexible pyrolysis system and method |
| DK201770842A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-21 | Steeper Energy Aps | Modular processing system |
| MY208134A (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2025-04-17 | Steeper Energy Aps | Recovery system for high pressure processing system |
| IT201800007569A1 (it) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-01-27 | Eni Spa | Procedimento per la produzione di bio-olio e biogas a partire da biomassa |
| CN109675550B (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-26 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种钼-硼/海泡石催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| WO2020214969A1 (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-22 | Sprint Environmental Services, LLC | Heat and energy integrated continuous process for plastic waste recovery |
| CN111698298B (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-02-17 | 阿波罗智联(北京)科技有限公司 | 新增车辆能源站的确定方法和装置 |
| WO2022081451A1 (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent hygiene product comprising superabsorbent polymer partly derived from a recycled resource and methods of producing said product |
| WO2022093523A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Recycling a used absorbent hygiene product or its components using hydrothermal treatment |
| CN116761842A (zh) | 2021-02-23 | 2023-09-15 | 宝洁公司 | 使用混合氧化降解和高剪切混合来回收超吸收聚合物 |
| CN113897231B (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-09-16 | 中北大学 | 过热近临界水中煤氧化脱硫方法与装置 |
| WO2023200593A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Recycling a used absorbent hygiene product or its components using hydrothermal treatment |
| US20250163236A1 (en) | 2023-11-21 | 2025-05-22 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Production of rubber compositions from end of life tires |
| GB2637117A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2025-07-16 | Purifire Labs Ltd | System and method for converting waste carbon material into bio-methanol using hydrothermal gasification and catalytic methanol synthesis |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4266083A (en) | 1979-06-08 | 1981-05-05 | The Rust Engineering Company | Biomass liquefaction process |
| JPS56501205A (pt) | 1979-09-27 | 1981-08-27 | ||
| GB8511587D0 (en) | 1985-05-08 | 1985-06-12 | Shell Int Research | Producing hydrocarbon-containing liquids |
| US4792408A (en) | 1987-04-13 | 1988-12-20 | James A. Titmas Associates Incorporated | Method and apparatus for enhancing chemical reactions at supercritical conditions |
| US5232604A (en) | 1990-01-31 | 1993-08-03 | Modar, Inc. | Process for the oxidation of materials in water at supercritical temperatures utilizing reaction rate enhancers |
| US5358646A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-10-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for multiple-stage and recycle wet oxidation |
| US5384051A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1995-01-24 | Mcginness; Thomas G. | Supercritical oxidation reactor |
| US5516952A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1996-05-14 | The University Of Akron | Oxidative decoupling of scrap rubber |
| RU2065220C1 (ru) * | 1994-03-18 | 1996-08-10 | Институт структурной макрокинетики РАН | Способ переработки твердых высокоактивных графитсодержащих отходов |
| US6090291A (en) | 1997-08-20 | 2000-07-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Waste processing method and waste processing apparatus |
| US5959167A (en) | 1997-08-25 | 1999-09-28 | The University Of Utah Research Foundation | Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline |
| SE9904433D0 (sv) * | 1999-12-03 | 1999-12-03 | Wiigh Maesak Susanne | Omhändertagande av avlidna |
| FR2814967B1 (fr) | 2000-10-10 | 2003-11-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif pour l'oxydation en eau supercritique de matieres |
| JP2002361068A (ja) * | 2001-06-04 | 2002-12-17 | Toshiba Corp | 超臨界反応による分解生成物の分離・回収システム |
| JP2003033746A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-02-04 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 舶用廃棄物処理装置及び廃棄物の船内処理方法 |
| KR20040028622A (ko) * | 2001-08-21 | 2004-04-03 | 미쓰비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | 탄화수소 자원의 리사이클 방법 및 그 장치 |
| JP2004131560A (ja) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-30 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | 有機物の超臨界水処理によるエネルギー回収方法及び装置 |
| ES2255443B1 (es) | 2004-12-03 | 2007-07-01 | Universidad De Cadiz | Sistema y procedimiento para la oxidacion hidrotermica de residuos organicos insolubles en agua. |
| EP1879981B1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2014-07-23 | Altaca Insaat ve Dis Ticaret A.S. | Method for converting organic material into hydrocarbon fuels |
-
2008
- 2008-03-26 CN CN200880100837.6A patent/CN101827645B/zh active Active
- 2008-03-26 BR BRPI0814136-3A patent/BRPI0814136B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-26 MX MX2010001072A patent/MX2010001072A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-26 ES ES08714471T patent/ES2616978T5/es active Active
- 2008-03-26 NZ NZ599850A patent/NZ599850A/en unknown
- 2008-03-26 EP EP08714471.3A patent/EP2178625B2/en active Active
- 2008-03-26 WO PCT/AU2008/000429 patent/WO2009015409A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-03-26 AU AU2008281299A patent/AU2008281299B2/en active Active
- 2008-03-26 PT PT87144713T patent/PT2178625T/pt unknown
- 2008-03-26 RU RU2010107236/05A patent/RU2482908C2/ru active
- 2008-03-26 CA CA2694715A patent/CA2694715C/en active Active
- 2008-03-26 PL PL08714471T patent/PL2178625T5/pl unknown
- 2008-03-26 MY MYPI20100399 patent/MY152724A/en unknown
- 2008-03-26 RS RS20161176A patent/RS55492B2/sr unknown
- 2008-03-26 US US12/670,838 patent/US8579996B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-01-01 ZA ZA201000735A patent/ZA201000735B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ599850A (en) | 2014-05-30 |
| PL2178625T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
| CN101827645B (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
| MX2010001072A (es) | 2010-03-30 |
| EP2178625A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| CA2694715A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| PT2178625T (pt) | 2017-01-06 |
| MY152724A (en) | 2014-11-28 |
| US8579996B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| RS55492B2 (sr) | 2020-08-31 |
| RU2482908C2 (ru) | 2013-05-27 |
| ES2616978T3 (es) | 2017-06-15 |
| ES2616978T5 (es) | 2020-08-04 |
| PL2178625T5 (pl) | 2020-03-31 |
| BRPI0814136A8 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
| EP2178625B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| RU2010107236A (ru) | 2011-09-10 |
| US20100287825A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| CN101827645A (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
| CA2694715C (en) | 2015-11-17 |
| ZA201000735B (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| WO2009015409A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| EP2178625B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
| BRPI0814136A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
| AU2008281299B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| EP2178625A4 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
| AU2008281299A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
| RS55492B1 (sr) | 2017-04-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| BRPI0814136B1 (pt) | Processo para tratar matéria orgânica para convertê-la em um produto e aparelho para tratar matéria orgânica | |
| Henrich et al. | Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosics in a twin screw mixer reactor | |
| EP0368964B1 (fr) | Procede d'extraction de l'eau melangee a un fluide liquide | |
| RU2425860C2 (ru) | Способ получения не образующей пробки суспензии гидрата | |
| SE467052B (sv) | Foerfarande foer erhaallande av anvaendbar energi och oxidering av organiskt material | |
| CN103946347B (zh) | 燃料浆液加热系统和方法 | |
| RU2143312C1 (ru) | Способ подготовки жидкого топлива и устройство для его осуществления | |
| JP6488364B2 (ja) | 超臨界水ガス化システム | |
| EP4153702A1 (en) | Configurable universal wellbore reactor system | |
| Wang et al. | Experimental study on supercritical water gasification of oily sludge using a continuous two-step method | |
| KR101381301B1 (ko) | 수직형 반응기를 갖는 바이오오일 초임계수 개질 반응시스템 및 그 운전방법 | |
| US20240126957A1 (en) | Well reactor systems and methods for biomass conversion and computer-readable media | |
| AU2013203131A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for converting organic matter into a product | |
| KR100470980B1 (ko) | 에멀젼 연료유의 연소방법 | |
| JP5983009B2 (ja) | 固体燃料乾燥装置および固体燃料乾燥方法 | |
| AU2003289032A1 (en) | Method of feeding mixture containing combustible solid and water | |
| CN104001708A (zh) | 由食物垃圾生成碳化固体物及可溶液的方法及其生成装置 | |
| CN220395660U (zh) | 一种天然气井井口加药装置 | |
| CN109761471B (zh) | 连续超声耦合临界水共处理含油污泥/污水的方法及设备 | |
| Egiebor et al. | A multivariate analysis of property-reactivity relationship of coal during supercritical fluid extraction | |
| Zroichikov et al. | Analysis and experience with application of water-fuel oil emulsion at TGMP-314 and TGM-96 power-generating boilers | |
| Leininger et al. | System and method for continuous solids slurry depressurization | |
| CA2821783A1 (en) | Oil sands tailings handling system and method | |
| Boukis et al. | Institute for Technical Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Tel:+ 49 7247824825, fax:+ 49 7247 82 2244, e-mail: nikolaos boukis (a) itc-cpv. fzk. de | |
| JPS62160190A (ja) | 廃水中の有機廃棄物を湿式酸化するための方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| B25C | Requirement related to requested transfer of rights |
Owner name: IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES PTY LTD. (AU) , LICELLA PT |
|
| B25B | Requested transfer of rights rejected |
Owner name: IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES PTY LTD. (AU) , LICELLA PTY LTD (AU) Free format text: INDEFERIDO O PEDIDO DE TRANSFERENCIA CONTIDO NA PETICAO 860150161860 DE 28/07/2015, POR AUSENCIA DE CUMPRIMENTO DA EXIGENCIA PUBLICADA NA RPI NO 2412, DE 28/03/2017. Owner name: IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES PTY LTD. (AU) , LICELLA PT |
|
| B25D | Requested change of name of applicant approved |
Owner name: LICELLA PTY LTD (AU) , IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES LIM |
|
| B25A | Requested transfer of rights approved |
Owner name: LICELLA PTY LTD (AU) , IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (A |
|
| B25G | Requested change of headquarter approved |
Owner name: IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (AU) , LICELLA PTY LTD (A |
|
| B25A | Requested transfer of rights approved |
Owner name: IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (AU) , LICELLA PTY LTD (A |
|
| B25H | Request for change of headquarter rejected |
Owner name: IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (AU) , LICELLA PTY LTD (A |
|
| B07A | Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette] | ||
| B07A | Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette] | ||
| B09A | Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette] | ||
| B16A | Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette] | ||
| B25M | Entry on limitation or onus of patent assignment [chapter 25.13 patent gazette] |
Owner name: IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (AU) ; LICELLA PTY LTD (AU) ; LICELLA FIBRE FUELS PTY LTD (AU) Free format text: ANOTACAO DE LIMITACAO OU ONUSFICA ANOTADO, DE ACORDO COM O ART. 59, II, DA LPI, O ONUS DE SEGURANCA DE PROPRIEDADELICENCIADA PARA O CONTRATO DE ?JOINT VENTURE?, PROTOCOLADO NA PETICAO 870170035900 DE29/05/2017, ENTRE A CONCEDENTE ?LICELLA FIBRE FUELS PTY LTD? E A AVALIZADA ?CANFORPULP LTD. (CA)?, SENDO ?LICELLA PTY LIMITED?, ?IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD?, ?IGNITEENERGY RESOURCES LTD.? E ?IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES ENGINEERING PTY.LIMITED?, AS LICENCIANTES. Owner name: IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD (AU) ; LICELLA PTY LTD (A Free format text: ANOTACAO DE LIMITACAO OU ONUSFICA ANOTADO, DE ACORDO COM O ART. 59, II, DA LPI, O ONUS DE SEGURANCA DE PROPRIEDADELICENCIADA PARA O CONTRATO DE ?JOINT VENTURE?, PROTOCOLADO NA PETICAO 870170035900 DE29/05/2017, ENTRE A CONCEDENTE ?LICELLA FIBRE FUELS PTY LTD? E A AVALIZADA ?CANFORPULP LTD. (CA)?, SENDO ?LICELLA PTY LIMITED?, ?IGNITE RESOURCES PTY LTD?, ?IGNITEENERGY RESOURCES LTD.? E ?IGNITE ENERGY RESOURCES ENGINEERING PTY.LIMITED?, AS LICENCIANTES. |