BRPI0704292B1 - natural wastewater treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

natural effluent treatment system. The present invention relates to the technical field of sanitation, more specifically to an effluent treatment system utilizing bamboos (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among other species) to be used for the removal of sewage and contaminated water. by residential, industrial, agricultural and other residues in particular to decrease or practically zero the level of water contamination by nitrate and / or nitrite. The system also has improvements that bring the water to optimal levels and set for human consumption.

Description

(54) Title: NATURAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM (51) Int.CI .: C02F 3/10; C02F 3/00 (73) Holder (s): GALDINO SANTANA DE LIMAS (72) Inventor (s): GALDINO SANTANA DE LIMAS (85) National Phase Start Date: 11/23/2007

1/10

NATURAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM

Technical field.

The present invention relates to the technical field of sanitation, more specifically to a natural effluent treatment system, which uses bamboos (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, in addition to other species), to be used in the cleaning of sewage and water contaminated by residential, industrial and agricultural waste, among others, in particular to reduce or practically zero the level of water contamination by nitrate and / or nitrite. The system also has improvements, which leave the water at ideal and established levels for human consumption.

Historic.

Today, there is a series of facts, reports, theses and documents that testify to the uncontrolled increase in effluents and waste deposited in rivers, springs, lakes, dams, dams and even in the water tables.

Although it is not the only agent responsible for the loss of water quality, agriculture, directly or indirectly, contributes to the degradation of water sources. This can happen through the contamination of water bodies by organic or inorganic substances, natural or synthetic and also by biological agents. Widely used, often inappropriately, the applications of pesticides, fertilizers and / or residues derived from intensive animal husbandry are seen as the main activities related to the loss of water quality in rural areas.

One of the biggest contamination problems is restricted to some micronutrients and, mainly, to the nitrogen and phosphorus macronutrients.

Of the various forms of nitrogen present in the soil, ammonia (NH3) 25 and, especially nitrate (NO3-), can be causes of the loss of water quality. Although ammonia being present in water is highly lethal to fish due to the toxicity it represents for this group of fauna, when originated in the soil or applied via fertilizers this molecule tends to be converted to ammonium (NH4 +) and this in turn is converted to nitrate by microbial processes.

2/10

Therefore, nitrate is the main form of nitrogen associated with water contamination by agricultural activities and by the decomposition of residential or animal organic waste. This occurs due to the fact that the nitrate anion, characterized by being weakly retained in the soil, tends to remain more in solution, mainly in the superficial layers of the soil, where the organic matter accentuates the electronegative character of the soil particles (repelling the nitrate). In the soil solution, nitrate is very prone to the leaching process and over time there may be a considerable increase in the levels of nitrate in deep waters.

The intensity of the contamination process depends mainly on the amounts of nitrate present or added to the soil, the permeability of the soil, the climatic conditions (rainfall) and irrigation management, and the depth of the water table. Also noteworthy is the factor that the increase in nitrate levels in water is indicative of a potential risk for the presence of other undesirable substances, such as many synthetic molecules of pesticides that possibly behave in a manner similar to nitrate.

As with phosphorus, excessive enrichment of surface waters with nitrate leads to eutrophication of the springs. There may also be a problem in relation to animal health, as ruminants (cattle and sheep) and some monogastrics (horses) have bacteria in the digestive tract that convert nitrate to nitrite leading to a form of poisoning. Although adult people can ingest relatively high amounts of nitrate through food and water and excrete it in the urine without major detrimental health consequences, babies under six months of age can experience poisoning due to the decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen. In this situation, the child suffers asphyxiation with bluish skin, typical symptoms of methemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome.

The nitrate salt is very soluble and, therefore, difficult to be eliminated from the water, except for expensive treatments.

Recently, although without confirmed data for the organism

3/10 human (guinea pig use), high nitrate concentrations have been associated with the occurrence of stomach or esophageal cancer. In view of the risk it represents, the concentration of nitrate in water for human consumption must not exceed 10 mg of

N-NO3- / L or 44 mg of NO3- / L, according to the limits adopted by United U

States Environmental Protection Agency (Usepa) and other entities linked to environmental monitoring and protection. (Source: Álvaro Vilela de Resende, researcher at Embrapa Cerrados, in Planaltina (DF)).

State of the art.

Currently, there are several systems for treating sewage and water contaminated with micro and macronutrients. One of them is the chemical treatment, which deals with a method in which the purification and decantation tanks receive chemical products such as: sulfate, chlorine, etc. These products are intended to eliminate all impurities contained in the water.

Another widely used method is that of filtration. This method has the objective of removing pollutants from water, mainly through carbon absorption, distillation and others.

There are also biological methods for water treatment, where the root system stands out. In this method, contaminated sewage water is deposited in a waterproof box, containing clay, sand and planted reeds. The effluents then pass through the roots, which absorb all impurities from the sewage. This method is also indicated for the treatment of industrial sewage, since reed is a vegetable that has properties to absorb impurities and some heavy metals.

Another natural biological system for the treatment of effluents is based on ozone and infrared light. Ozone in such treatment facilities aims to oxidize and dissociate non-biodegradable organic compounds.

The holder of the present patent also has Patent Applications PI0403866-5 "Natural Sewage Treatment System" and MU 8700880-7 "Improvement of natural sewage treatment system" that relate to

4/10 a natural sewage treatment system that uses bamboo as a filtering agent (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among others). It is a series of septic tanks, connected to each other through tubes. _r ,,

...........

Deficient points of the state of the art. \

The sewage treatment systems in use today, if correctly installed, present a satisfactory result. However, these same systems have drawbacks that cause a series of inconveniences to their users and, in some cases, to the environment.

The chemical treatment system has a high cost for installation and maintenance. Another drawback is the disposal of chemicals used in the process. Such products are efficient for the treatment of effluents, but they contaminate the soil, if there is contact with it.

The root system, on the other hand, needs a very large area so that a large volume of effluents can be treated. As treatment systems normally add effluents from a neighborhood or from an entire city, this fact can be an obstacle to its use, which despite its effectiveness, demands a space that is often lacking in urban centers.

The ozone and infrared system also presents risks of environmental contamination. As it is a highly reactive and unstable chemical element, it means that it cannot be transported and stored. There is then a need for the ozone used in the treatment of sewage to be produced at the site of application. As with the root system, this system demands a space that is often lacking in urban centers. Another major drawback is the high cost of installing and maintaining an ozone production base.

Patent applications number PI-0403 866-5 and MU 8700880-7 by the same owner and inventor, deal with a natural sewage treatment system and an improvement to the system, which achieve the objective of cleaning up and improving the quality of water. water from pits, sewers or waters with toxic waste. With the application of these patents, several tests have been developed in facilities

5/10 residential, in which the levels of toxic waste were practically reduced to zero. The problem found was in the final quality of the water, which presented some drawbacks in the levels of color, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This water can be channeled for reuse in cleaning, irrigation and gardening, or it can be discarded in the rainwater catchment network. But it is discarded as drinking water for human consumption.

Summary of the invention.

The present invention follows the basis of patent applications PI0403866-5 and MU 8700880-7, but offers several improvements and solutions to the problems presented.

The present invention was designed to obtain a natural effluent treatment system with the fewest possible steps, conveniently configured and arranged to allow the system to perform its functions with unmatched efficiency and versatility, without the inconveniences already mentioned.

The system uses bamboo (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among other species), as the preferred raw material for the treatment of domestic and industrial sewage depollution and even for use in water treatment plants.

The system described here will not be limited to any type of equipment; formats, measures, materials that make up the tanks; the distribution and quantities of the tanks; the use of pumps or electrical or combustion equipment; or water wheels, to facilitate the descent of the water; among other equipment that prevent the use of the system.

The invention will be described as examples, qualitative and quantitative, but the principles remain the same for all types of sewage and waste treatment, in the most diverse situations and applications, as examples: residential, industrial, rural, condominiums, except the seasons water treatments, in which special filters are installed for the total purification of water, leaving it at potable levels.

/ U

6/10

The natural tributary treatment system uses bamboo (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among other species), as the preferred raw material for the initial treatment of water depollution and will use in parts, an equipment described in the order of MU 8700880-7, of same inventor and depositor.

The objectives, advantages and other important characteristics of the present invention can be easily understood when read in conjunction with the attached figures, in which:

Figure 01 represents the layout of the tanks in the natural effluent treatment system.

Figure 02 represents a sectional view and the arrangement of the holes in the bamboo of the natural effluent treatment system.

The present invention of the Natural Effluent Treatment System, comprises a biological treatment, to remove pollutants, especially nitrate and nitrite from sewers and polluted waters.

The system consists of the preferential use of 7 to 23% of bamboo volume (1) (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides among other species), on the volume of each filter tank.

Bamboo (1) is used as raw material for feeding and hosting bacteria (A) (“Pseudomonas Liminuis”, “Bacilius Phagiens” and “Spirillum Brasiliensis”). After being installed, they feed on pollutants and mainly nitrate.

After the implantation of the treatment system, a preferential amount of 0.02% to 0.07% sodium acetate and 0.02% to 1% sugar, or 0.02% to sugar is added to the first tank (2). 0.07% potassium acetate and 0.02% to 1% sugar, for a volume of water in the tank. These additions serve as an accelerator of bacteria (A) on the internal and external walls of the bamboo (1), and promote proliferation in just two hours after application.

Figure 01 shows the system preferably mounted on modular tanks (2), (3) and (4), pre-arranged in series, equipped internally with bamboo filter elements (1) (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among others). These tanks can be installed under or over the surface, and perform their function of filtration and purification by gravity. This treatment system is connected to the sewage network, where it receives the effluents that will go through the filtering and purification process. Upon exiting the system, water can be channeled for reuse in cleaning, irrigation and gardening, or it can be discarded in the rainwater catchment network.

The system may have a pre-filter box (5), used as an inspection for the distribution of solids, which can accompany the sewage received after being discarded. These solids are common in effluents, and comprise cigarette leftovers, sponges, cloths, absorbents, preservatives or any type of non-biodegradable material. Such an arrangement avoids the inconveniences related to clogging the system.

The bamboo filter elements (1) (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa 15 tuldoides, among others) are stored internally in tanks (2), (3) and (4) so that they perform their function. The shapes and sizes of bamboos (1) are not limited to buds and can be applied in different ways such as: in discs, sticks, fibers, among others, in the buds shapes holes are made (IA) for the entry and circulation of water and waste.

The number of tanks varies according to the volume of sewage to be treated and the place of application.

The outlet tank (6) is equipped internally with a filter (7) composed of preferential layers of: coal (7A), bamboo fibers (7B) and gravel (7C). But it can be composed of the most diverse combinations with sand, bamboo charcoal or chlorine. This filter provides improvements in the final color of the outlet water, which was caused by the bamboo resins, which are expelled in the first days of use.

Another application for the filters (7) is to improve the levels of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD).

8/10

The system can be applied in places that precede the treatment stations for drinking water, thus eliminating nitrate and nitrite from contaminated water.

Bamboo (1) when used in the first days as a filtering element 5, is not as effective, as the amount of bacteria (A) needed to consume pollutants, especially nitrate and nitrite, is very small. In the natural process, the amount of bacteria takes an average of 120 days to reach a level of effectiveness against pollutants. In the current process, with the addition of accelerators based on sodium or potassium acetates, and also sugar in small amounts, they promote a very large growth of bacteria, that is, in just 2 to 5 hours, it can reach levels that clean the water on the first day of use.

Another problem presented in the first days of use is the amount of dyes in the water, due to the resin that is expelled from the bamboo (1). This process is inevitable and it takes an average of 90 days for this process to cease and the water to show an acceptable color. In the current process, this coloration, together with turbidity, (SST) and (DDQ), are filtered, through the filters arranged in the water outlet tank, and reach acceptable levels and within the norms established for general use. Depending on the number of tanks and the combination of filters used, preferably the filter (7) combined with chlorine, the water that will come out of the last tank may be drinkable.

Such a system was developed from the use of natural active agents existing in tropical plants, such as, for example, bamboo (1) (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among others). This plant is characterized by having long, hollow stems, fibrous in nature and divided into buds, between these buds there are knots, which are rich in starches. Together they feed and host the bacteria (A) "Pseudomonas Liminuis", "Bacilius Phagiens" and "Spirillum Brasiliensis". These bacteria feed on pollutants and mainly nitrate.

9/10

The bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacilius use nitrates as acceptors of hydrogen in their anaerobic respiration, transforming them sequentially into nitrites, nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas. This process is

It is called denitrification and allows nitrogen in the form of nitrate to return as nitrogen gas to the atmosphere.

Denitrification comprises the following steps:

ion ion Oxide Gas Nitrate Nitrite Nitrous Nitrogen (no- ₃ ) ' - (NO ₂ ) - (N ₂ O) - ”(N ₂ )

The bacteria present in bamboo (1) (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, in addition to other species) also act in an aerobic environment, as it is a variety of optional aerobic bacteria, which can act both in the presence and absence of oxygen without changing the its efficiency.

The system in question was developed from totally national biotechnology, using tropical plants, completely adapted to the Brazilian climate. The chemical properties of bamboo (bambusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, among others) prevent sludge, organic matter from sewage, from being concentrated on the walls of the tanks. It is also a self-sufficient system, which does not have maintenance costs. The system's constructiveness also dispenses with conventional septic tank systems.

The bacteria found in bamboo (1) (banbusa vulgaris and bambusa tuldoides, in addition to other species) belong to the genus Pseudomonas because the experiments, tested in the Laboratory of the Technological Center of the University of the South of Santa Catarina - UNISUL - with the supervision of the Professor Dr. Jair Juarez João, Professor Everton Skoronski and the participation of Professor Biologist José de Limas Filho demonstrate the removal of nitrate from drinking water whose laboratory analyzes prove its efficiency. In addition to the advantage demonstrated by these microorganisms, they also work to improve the

10/10 quality of domestic and industrial effluents supplying the great deficiency of basic sanitation that exists in our country and why not say even in the world.

The major cause of hospital admissions and one of the biggest causes of infant mortality in the world is the lack of basic sanitation that can be solved with a simple and inexpensive solution - Bioremediation, which is the whole process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes for the contaminated environment to return to its original condition, these applications point out as being the solution to most of the pollution problems caused by man in the world.

The effectiveness of the invention is immeasurable from the point of view of the economy in the treatment of domestic and industrial water and sewage, especially with regard to public health, low-income workers and the government that so much complains about the lack of resources to be applied in this area. area.

This system also has the best cost-benefit ratio, since it allows the reuse of water for cleaning, gardening and irrigation. The treatment cycle is fast and does not require qualified labor.

The natural effluent treatment system is ecologically correct, that is, it does not present any risk of contamination to the environment, as it does not use chemical or organic products, nor does it need electricity for its operation. All stages of the process do not cause the production of any type of odor.

Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly sewage treatment system, which helps to preserve and recover water sources and nature, in addition to providing undeniable benefits for the population's health.

It is thus understood that the NATURAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM now in question is extremely simple in its execution, being, therefore, easily feasible, however, excellent practical and functional results are obtained, offering an innovative product over the known.

1/1

Claims (1)

1. NATURAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM composed of modular filtration tanks (2, 3 and 4), arranged in series, equipped with bamboo filter elements (1) and an outlet tank (6) with an internal filter (7) ) composed in layers, and be a biological treatment that uses bamboo (1), in any form, to remove pollutants, especially nitrates and nitrites, contained in a sewage network and polluted water, characterized by containing in the first tank (2 ) bacterial accelerators (A) consisting of 0.02% to 0.07% potassium acetate and 0.02% to 1% sugar from the tank's water volume (2). Petition 870180035807, of 5/2/2018, p. 4/7 1/2 ΙΛ-2/2