BG2993U1 - Diesel fuel and nanomodified carbon particles mixture, reducing the harmful emissions and consumption of diesel fuels by internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of nanomodified carbon particles for the reduction of the harmful emissions and consumption of diesel fuels by internal combustion engines as a result of improved fuel efficiency and the combustion process finds application in the production of friendly fuels for diesel engines of motor vehicles. The use of the nanomodifier leads in the reduction of the discharged harmful emissions from the diesel engine, a reduction of its consumption and the extension of its life, as a consequence of the improved efficiency of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of the engine. The mixture of diesel and nano-carbon structures consists of standard diesel hydrocarbon fuels and a nanomodified additive of a certain concentration dispersed therein. The process of creating the additive is based on the liquid filtration of specific nano-carbon structures. By its entering into the diesel fuel, surface-active nanoparticles cause a complex reaction through which is improved the combustion process and the homogenization of the fuel-air mixture. As a result of more complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber, the engine's harmful emissions are reduced by about 20%, as well as there are not observed harmful side effects for the engine. The utility model is applicable in the field of ecology, by protection the air quality and can be easily implemented into industry and transport where diesel engines are used.

Description

Field of technology

The mixture of diesel fuel and nanomodified carbon particles, subject of the utility model, consists of the standard diesel motor fuel B6, corresponding to the standard - BDS EN 590: 2014, offered on the domestic market and modified with nanocarbon particles additive, which is dispersed in it, in order to improve the combustion process and the performance of internal combustion diesel engines (internal combustion engines).

Technical essence of the utility model

The field of application of the utility model described below is internal combustion diesel engines, and by improving their performance and reducing emissions, the economic efficiency of diesel fuels, which have the largest share among the used liquid energy carriers in our country. The suspension, of liquid fuel and NMVC (nanomodified carbon particles) is suitable for all types of diesel engines, including those that are subjected to extreme operating conditions.

The product is a diesel fuel additive called NanoBoost City Diesel, consisting of diesel fuel and NMHF. After repeated tests in the laboratories of TU Varna, as well as on test cars, it was found that the optimal modified nanocarbon particles are less than 150 ps, with a predominant size: 40-1500 A (4-150 ps), in particular 40 A (4 nm) and a specific surface area of 200-400 m ² / cm ³ , in particular 400 m ² / cm ³ , using concentrations from 0.0002% to 0.002%, in particular 0.002% by volume units of NMHF to the fuel. These are the distinguishing features of the NanoBoost diesel product.

NMHFs, their characteristics and the method of implementation are described in detail in the "Principle of operation of the utility model" and respectively "Schematic representation of the method of introduction".

Explanation of the attached figures

Figure 1 visualizes the measurement of the Nanobust supplement with a high concentration of NMHF.

Figure 2 visualizes the mixture of Nanobust additive with the desired concentration, the concentration of NMHF and diesel fuel mentioned in the utility model, ready for combustion from the test engine.

Figure 3 visualizes the Nanobust supplement product in a 150 ml pack - ready for use by the end user.

Figure 4 - NMB particles under nanoscan.

Figure 5 - nanocarbon tubular particles.

Figure 6 - dispersing device consisting of (1 Stand, 2 Fuel tank, 3 Electric motor, 4 Stirring shaft, 5 Flow meter, 6 Tank).

Figure 7 - ultrasonic homogenizer.

It was found that the innovative product, consisting of a mixture of modified nanocarbon particles and diesel fuel in the form of an additive, has the following properties:

• Improves mixture formation, ignition and contributes to a more complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.

• Reduces the release of harmful toxic emissions into the atmosphere.

• Increases the mileage of cars with a single charge.

• Reduces wear of valves and mechanisms from the exhaust system.

• Increases engine life.

Principled action of the utility model

The mixture of diesel motor fuel with a content of 6% biodiesel (B6) with a code of the combined nomenclature of the National Statistical Institute - 2710 20 11 and additive from NMVCH (with working name NANOBUST), is produced from standard petroleum hydrocarbon diesel tailcoat

3586 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 09.2 / 28.09.2018 and NMVCH, which are dispersed evenly in the fuel with the help of ultrasonic homogenizer - UP400S Hielscher. It is preferable to use in the fuel NMHF with a size of 4-150 nm, which I consider the most suitable.

Characteristics of UHF:

Synthetic carbon powder, with angstromy sizes and purity: 98.26% (90-99.7%). Particle size: 40-1500 A (4-150 nm) and specific surface area: 200-400 m ² / cm ³ .

Chemical analysis:

• Iron: 0.47% • Chromium: 0.16% • Copper: 0.028% • Potassium: 0.019% • Carbon crystals: 99.232%

Analyzes: ICP, SEM, X-gau (Figure 4) - Nanocarbon particles (Figure 5) - Nanocarbon tubular particles

The process of creating the Nanobust additive is based on liquid filtration of specific nanocarbon particles, the approximate size of which is from 4 to 150 nm. When introduced into diesel fuel, these special nanoparticles cause a complex reaction by which a free electron is attached to each reactive fuel molecule, which in turn causes delocalization of the electron cloud in the fuel molecules, creating a chemical-molecular decatination process. This process causes the polar bonds of inefficient long-chain hydrocarbons to weaken, resulting in shorter-chain hydrocarbons that burn more efficiently.

The concentration of NMHV in the fuel should be 0.0002% to 0.002% by volume, using NMHVs obtained by detonation synthesis in the tests performed. In some of the synthesis processes, the obtained nanocrystals are partially graphenized (allotropic cylindrical form of synthesis of carbon molecules), and the use of both graphenized and non-graphenized nanocarbon crystals, as well as mixtures between them, is applicable.

The method for preparing a mixture of diesel fuel and UHF includes the following steps:

• Extraction of UHF through the technology of detonation synthesis.

• Extraction of NMVC by a method other than the one described above, in which NMVCs with a primary crystal size of 4-150 nm are obtained and which are well dispersed in a liquid medium in order to avoid their accumulation in clusters.

• The refining of the obtained NMVCs until complete separation of the non-crystalline structures from them and especially of the soot.

• Maintaining UHF in a sufficiently fluid environment to reduce the tendency for nano agglomerations to form.

• The introduction of LMWH into the basic petroleum carrier, by stirring and ultrasonic homogenization for 10 minutes, until the final mixing with the fuel.

The method of entering the internal combustion engine, together with the fuel, to carry out the internal combustion cycle includes the following steps:

• The provision of fluid UHF in a mixture with petroleum carrier.

• The injection of the used medium with NMVC through the fuel system into the combustion chamber together with the fuel.

• NMVCs promote the homogeneous mixing of fuel and air molecules in the combustion chamber, which optimizes combustion.

• When the ignition phase occurs, the mixture of fuel molecules, oxygen and LMWH ignites in the combustion chamber to achieve a more efficient stroke of the engine, which is accompanied by reduced emissions.

It is preferable to use as a carrier a fuel with characteristics close to that used as the main one, such as NMVCs being introduced with the fuel into the combustion chamber through high pressure systems such as a fuel injection pump, common rail or nozzle pump.

3587 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 09.2 / 28.09.2018

Schematic representation of the method of introduction

Figure 6 - Dispersing device (stirrer) and Figure 7 - ultrasonic homogenizer.

In the course of the tests, an improvement of the economy of the test engine and its environmental parameters was found, using concentrations from 0.0002% to 0.002% by volume units of NMHF to the fuel. The microwaves used in the tests were 4-150 nm in size. Microwaves were introduced in the form of an additive in the standard B6 diesel used. When mixed with the fuel, the concentration of the microwave must be the same as the above volume units relative to it.

Conducted experiments and industrial applicability

Before each introduction of UHF into diesel fuel, it must be ensured that it meets the standard requirements for diesel fuels and that it is intended for combustion in diesel internal combustion engines. UHFs easily pass through automotive filters on their way from the fuel tank to the engine because fuel filters cannot capture particles smaller than a few microns. In cases where the nanomodified additive is used as a subsequent optimizing additive containing nanocarbon particles, it should be based entirely on petroleum. Preferably, the method of mixing the NMVC from the starting substance is introduced into the carrier liquid by ultrasonic and mechanical mixing, which helps to minimize the sludge in the graft. It is found that the concentration of microwave in the carrier fluid of the graft should be 5% by weight. It is possible to use different from the specified ratios, but from the tests performed it is found that the specified is optimal. In cases where microwaves are used as an additive added to the fuel in the tank, it is preferable to pour the additive first and then add the diesel to ensure complete mixing and homogenization of the microwave in a colloidal suspension with the fuel.

The summarized results, from several tests performed with nanomodified diesel motor fuel, show an increase in fuel efficiency, depending on the loads to which the test engine is subjected. There are significant reductions in harmful emissions that are dangerous to humans and the environment. The above-described utility model would find wide application as a modifier in motor diesel fuels used in both road and sea transport in our country. The following results were reported in the experiments.

Conducted experiments

The tests were conducted on 29.11.2017, 10.11.2017, 01.10.2017 in the laboratories of the Technical University of Varna, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Specialty Transport Equipment and Technologies - Internal Combustion Engines and Cars. The experiments were performed using a load characteristic protocol - a standard method for removing the operating parameters and characteristics of an internal combustion engine. In addition, the fuel consumption and harmful emissions emitted during the experiments by certified equipment were measured. The test protocol aimed to experiment with two types of diesel fuels in an internal combustion engine. The B6 diesel fuel complied with the BDS EN 590: 2014 standard. and was refueled by a certified gas station. The next step was the introduction of the UHF, in the percentage presented above, by the method described in the "Schematic representation of the introduction method", in standard Diesel B6. The second batch was a standard Diesel B6 without NMHF, respectively. The load motor characteristics were performed under the same boundary conditions for each experiment. This contributes to the quality of the data and results obtained. Findings and results after 3 independent load characteristics; After the tests of two types of Diesel Fuel B6, refueled from one gas station. Mixed in exact percentage in two separate batches: 1. Standard Diesel B6. 2 Standard Diesel B6 + NANOBoosT additive (NMVOC). After load driving characteristics carried out under the same limit conditions for each experiment, it is found that all harmful emissions are reduced and fuel consumption is improved. The results are averages - the sum of the three independent experiments;

3588 Descriptions to certificates for registration of utility models № 09.2 / 28.09.2018

Specific fuel consumption - ge, [g / kW.h] - decrease by 1.45%

Smoke- D, [t-1] - a decrease of 14.66%

Carbon dioxide - CO ₂ , [%] - decrease by 7.76

Hydrocarbons - NS, [ppm] - decrease by 27.65%

Nitrogen oxides - NOx, [ppm] - decrease by 15.43%

Carbon monoxide - CO, [%] - decrease by 15.07%

It was found that fuels blended with microwaves improve the environmental parameters of the engines, thanks to the improved homogeneity of the fuel-air mixture, resulting in a more complete combustion in the cylinders. There is a significant reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter, as well as carbon monoxides and residual hydrocarbons. The nanomodified diesel cleans the combustion chamber and increases the efficiency and power of the engine. Nanomodified diesel increases the life of catalysts and particulate filters in the exhaust system of the diesel engine.

It has been found that nanomodified diesel improves ignition and catalyzes the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture entering the cylinders at all engine load modes. The mixture of UHF and diesel fuel has industrial applicability and can be produced and introduced into the economy. It is found that the Nanobust additive:

• Promotes the formation of more homogeneous mixtures before ignition.

• Slows down the oxidation process of the fuel-air mixture during the compression stroke of the piston.

• Intensifies the combustion process, after the ignition of the fuel-air mixture, through its high thermal conductivity, which contributes to the creation of a uniform flame front in the cylinders during operation.

Due to the improved efficiency, when burning the fuel, the portion of energy increases, which becomes useful work. Harmful emissions are reduced - soot and soot on the exhaust tract, which extends the life of catalysts and particulate filters. Engines using nanomodified diesel fuels reduce their sensitivity to the quality of the fuels used due to the improved combustion efficiency. It has been found that this optimized combustion results in less vibration and engine noise.

The utility model is applicable in the field of ecology, while maintaining the purity of the air and can be easily introduced in industry and transport, where diesel engines are used.

Claims (1)

Claims Mixture of diesel fuel and additive, characterized in that the additive is in the form of nanomodified carbon particles in an amount of from 0.0002% to 0.002%, the nanomodified carbon particles having a size between 40-15 00 A (4- 150 nm) and a specific surface area of 200-400 m ² / cm ³ .