BE433836A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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 EMI1.1
 Cast coal filler for charcoal ignition. coke and others * process and apparatus for their manufacture. priority of patent applications in Germany * filed slow in April 1938 * under no. No. 41 887 VI / lob; July 30, 1938 $ sofa le ne N. 42 241 VI / lob; 4 0OUt 1938. under no. 48 898 VA / 10b; August 4, 19880 under no. Il-42,897 VI / 10b; dated October 1998 under number N. 48 584 VI / lObJ # j and applications for utility modals in Iliemagnet filed on) April 16, 1938 * under number 10? 14 GakoKlolobo April 16, 1938 * under the a * Il. 10 they au.xl.lob.g April 16, 1938 * under no. 10 110 @ Q, 21.10b, j August 9, 1938 # under no Il. 11 041 fn, 81..11b ,; August 11, 1938 under no.3.

   It 068 Om.Zl. 84Ùa and September 14, 1988, under the ne '. 11 138 Qm.Kl. $ 41,

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 EMI2.1
 for igniting cilordon or lignite, ugze or si- .1181res in domestic fireplaces, such as ordinary fireplaces, metal furnaces, insulas, central heating boilers, as well as in technical and industrial fireplaces and others firewood is used in part in order to totally or partially save the new kindling. by this means, however, it is only with difficulty
 EMI2.2
 light the coals directly or the 00Ke, feel the friendship of wood or waste from bowls as an interatédiai -ra igniter.

   iiosi, known fire-lighters already contain, as filler, fines, charcoal dust, soot, but still in large quantities, some wood fibers. of paper or peat, for example wood wool, wood flour. sawdust or chippings, or paper or similar fibrous ways, often, known fire starters still contain oil, fats, fatty acids.

   resins,
 EMI2.3
 petroleum oil, sulfur or other organic or inorganic constituents capable of burning such as, for example, pitch, asphalt or other distillation residues or else
 EMI2.4
 more mothballs, wlgre that, most of the wood is still used apart from the igniter which contains wood, or else a considerable amount of such fire starters must be used in order to be able to ignite the fire in fireplaces or ovens.



   In central heating boilers or technical and industrial fireplaces with a large grate surface, they are ignited.
 EMI2.5
 teg, 8otuels were used only to bring the quantities of wood, relatively necessary in large quantities, in ignition in an easy and certain way.

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 EMI3.1
 The presently known charcoal-containing ignition fuels present, among other things, the disadvantages of being able to contain much of this small amount of obarbon that it cannot blue an allmaga without wood.
 EMI3.2
 
 EMI3.3
 



  Qttaaà the part of oharbon e! T 4roistitéd by similar yes * on, 1tallume *: all becomes, de oe fait, boanoonp é? 0µ'àÉé + '* so that he can famplaear you drink 4'allnMago, m8mé riileoit ooiîe agaiamant for the oaa 4ù ltcm used, oomrae main support dn Vrooosent d, allagt, & '- other relatively ooutenaél materials, We are well end6à, the oenati- kant of coal son, t d.'an grain troy 8 8 or 06n% iobnoÉi 'too a.'aan; dana les den:

   * an they are unfit * to aenatitnar <Laa aoabnatiblao d'Allumaga without wood or poor in drinks that could oeemp% Oé, an% iôwém0n% le boia daüamags. as long as we use fiaac mixed with te la,, 1. pitch, aophalho or, antxea diatillation resitis si. milaire4, # we can not achieve in any normal way a t-allvaage process li we do not trotLrq4i pdaenli de, ntfee Materials: taoil ent oombnatiblat.



  Oommatd'Tma will handle general, deohat wood is used more and more as a key material for pro <) t <tt- dda% 00ehnôohàmiqueà, it is necessary to avoid as much as posai * bit Ott de reinira combustion 4u wood. In a lot of state, the ettPtltion tu marghd tu drink thus leaves a-iratotally the hope of finding allomaga bodies which do not -oonùe = out qntnine small quantity of fibàoa 0.800 or are totally deprived of you drink, of paper, fibers are similar and however allow direct ignition with charcoal and even diffioilaa materials to be ignited such an cota. read in addition to $ ltallnmago roof and provide a quick and certain *

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 EMI4.1
 so established, there are aambxenees proposals like @ to replace 00 kindling wood by * particular fire-lighters.

   The allucte-feu are then constituted, for example, by a solid ooabuatible, easy to ignite, which is tarry 08% aw4 dlesçut4 (paraffin naphthalite, oil or other easily flammable mttttree; it is also proposed. to bring the atombnstible in igui- tian by dew astate 4'allnmags gaseous or liquid or by electric air. the known 40mmo fire-lighters substituting for dtallmnag4 wood thus meet, to a certain extent, the pre-requis6 requirements, Oe90nd% il., raatai. ena6 # e .1é4 for their use t'autraw 460 * vanbagon qonsità:

  rablea from the point of view of the technique of dn! en and the obalear * LOS niati ères <'allumgo d6velopsaQ, t4'amme to ignition, paroui- ta from the low temperatura to the airaoe of the fire a smoke and the auto lateffle and it results that 141guitt you of clean compatible qom- bn (coal, lignite, peat, etoe ') does not flow very slowly and that during your alluaa- to0 to * process produces an incomplete oombuation . As a result of the incomplete combustion of the fuel during this period, the flue gases contain a content of carbon dioxide and other gases in the distillation. There thus occurs, during the course of the process, an unreasonable loss of heat and the large distillation favors the deposit of yes * and agorgement of the oases, the smoke of the hearth and the chimney.

   In addition,, e 40o ès to 4 # .s, psndant the time at'ollnna60, elevated road dltuio will handle indeairabla, so that the temperature, in Itse- psae ie fau, remains 46 rs deq (a further deaavantaga des allumas Faith still consists in that, in their fabwioatian, one must have seen most of the time in raw materials of high value and, similarly, their mode of fla- brioatton brings a ranoherieaement of the product 4'allm % * tel an1 general use made impossible.

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 EMI5.1
 qn oonatate what% nia 4tin to be able to starter, particularly in dee f6y <! t âomeotiqtlose quickly and directly with charcoal on An lido gnitè, with a low qnantitet of oombn0% 1 $ 14s & 'aÀlàa. age which only contain little or no ma.

   tiéven fibreuneo * such as wood, and $., and of power deï $ - lopper mi = in violent one little temple, it is adooomire qn $ these allnio-fan ventilate toli4met po '' while present, z
 EMI5.2
 
 EMI5.3
 compared to their weight, an area so large that Ito7. can seize 6ep, in a few 7 empa, I'Fair de oombntta, a6aeiî, i- ye for the oombnttion ocql têq QWand a m hot lu or tane è $ t à diepoeitien, the materials ntilieeee ptwz iniso * dnire llumagtg such as mothballs ibn eimilairos, A / eq.

   porent ilireetoment and one does not find 06 in grâeenoe d * <ti <'attfiiBant war los tpaàofoshte en * ne hsoew da, itmage rapi- à *, già fôama dea allmae-fèn must, in between, be oonatitna as they are placed from through the grate and that a combustion dormouse finds don entries tnffieantest La9eombnetibla! d * allcmage, according to the invention, $ wander in lignit $ tnl direct from qharbonll, 40kà, in anbatan <te8 ohanffan -tes similar in the hearths, are now aoretitl6s easily flammable allanage masses and monleos iL * 'so as to offer a large surface, proaaite which no longer oompor *' tent the disadvantage of the alicme-fan previously 4ont nnx, Zoo combuatiblea d'Alinmaga, according to the inventor, is dia * tingcent on allnixe-fén known by the fact that not of valuable fiber materials, like the 'wood the paper, at @ a i'ibxee,

   etooog constitute the main support for Itallum mtet on the transmission of ignition ,, but many diapoeitian mat * iln not trotteaut b diapoeitien in quantity rolled, like charcoal dust, that is to say products of deettet of 1ltlùdüoftit eharboanièx .. lobe news at'all% nage does not contain one, that trbe pen of qRan% 1% 4s of box of paper. d6 fibria. of
 EMI5.4
 

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 EMI6.1
 peat or the like $ preferably Less than 10} b, and are preferably, in main order, coal such as coal or lignite, or a mixture of these - yes, se *, finely ground, preferably with a water content not more than 10% and with a grain size of 8 ma *, particularly about 1 mm. or less.

   
 EMI6.2
 known
 EMI6.3
 The ollnne-foù / 9% 'senten% the disadvantage that their form yre "is * a very unfavorable ratio between the $ surfaces enre- beew of air and the weight * so that, to achieve a rapid and certain tallomage effect, it is necessary to give large quRn% 1% és of fuels or a prolonged tempa to introduce the ignitica process. to these known igniters the large suzfaes igniters, according to the invitation, present los following advantage 8 the fire-lighters will be, preferably, oomprimea ldgb- 60 oma of capacity in voInme weighs only, for example in such a way that a lighter of / 1540 gr ,, preferably about 80 gies Ze apparent apdoific weight of 1 o1lUwo fo & lies, in and eate between 0 # 3 oµ'o, 6, i;

   ir4wu # e thus a very favorable ratio between the swept air surface and the Dan4 poideo the atombuatiblet
 EMI6.4
 
 EMI6.5
 daliumagt, according to the invention, 1s large aurfaea allows a rapid and unhindered air supply to the allumaga maaee, te,; * qozL that the preoeaauN tzivntten a'effectue -ment in a quick and easy way and, by following the air supply not m% Fav6 *, àV00 40mbna% ion ocmplete, 0'Oo% .ù.àiS @ at high temperature. lm outra, lots of tao on layout in oahaw gloo new fire starters, a small part sealement of the air swept surface diaponi-
 EMI6.6
 ble will not route covered by stacking, this part going to $
 EMI6.7
 allleura decreasing! in this way, it thus rents 4pi saying the totality of the anrfaoe available for the supply
 EMI6.8
 of air.

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 EMI7.1
 



  From all this it results, for example, that with the fire-lighters known just now it is for the most part still adeeesaire to use you drink for the transmission of 1 * igni% ioa to the fuel, and that the starter is used as titii actually to the ignition of wood. With the fuels dl <- image, according to the invention, it succeeds, paronire, to bring in direct ignition of the coal and even to the ooM without any lumber as support ilaliv * age intermeditiré 4 4'drage des tiitmb-fetl moldNt According to i 'mvan% 1 <n, o * fl ± q ci mount deverode without more on the grate ,, or the bars **% eu logs are stacked, preferably in arotac, some yen loud sound from nn roof of buoaew impoxlvotsd * 4 # ëand the oombus! tibJL <i to be lit is then put in eeuohs above the allvmourne We thus arrive, for example, with 20 gr. of ai fuel *.

   New image, to bring sayotlment bt in a short time on içg. yours, on a normal grid of a domestic feyter, xi to a Ire * of coal or lignite.



  Surprisingly, the finely ground coal selàlo
 EMI7.2
 
 EMI7.3
 Particularly lignin, already dared to be an advantageous ignition fuel for the coal and fire in the interior of the furnace, such ignition fuels have been kept, for example, in such a way that ligadLt bÔ1% 'to that,
 EMI7.4
 
 EMI7.5
 as stated is ground finer than normal. for the manufacture of briquettes, and that, from this material, briquettes are removed, these briquettes then being reduced into small pieces! the product thus divided is tami se at the grain fraction db, for example 1Q3.b, ifà4, ftolo ,, mm. 'or more.

   With this material one manages to bring the oil of the coal into isuit all it is enough, for example, already of 40 @ $ ,, 1 to bring in certain ignition <a 'ektro of coal or of 1N6J: "i 114 briquettes of lignite in an fOOr and% feels from 6 to'14 minutes ¯'ri. T 'a finer grain from the 15 Mt. rallnme d <elsewhere more there @ -) .. 9 .., r denies that a larger grain. of power, for example,
 EMI7.6
 

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 EMI8.1
 bring in ignition to kgr ae briquettes of lignin in a home grate d.'tme graxdenr & 0 16 X 0 me with na draw of 1 borehole of 'Vent, it is adeeauelro t
 EMI8.2
 ime qi% 1% 'j ponr m grainopou: r wae sur- te $ face ai one * M- minutou pOU. qUQ, 1i1 '"OR sra1nOpou't in 1 90 M. .. le 310 o, W a0 - 35 390 0.



  CO ab 40 sa 4Q M. 15 <M 40 80 - go 160 U.



  50, 16 0 go $ 0 10 6a, 9 80 - ars 800 10.
 EMI8.3
 



  The surface with on0em% 10 of the material the ignition $ and joi has meaning pa: rt: Lqullbre, and there is place totob.



  80ryOV, at 08té of $ oh1f'e8 d # m ". He alogit po held 00." te of the ngogiti of the surf *.



  To obtain a product as uniform as p08.ib1., And Hai8Uat lfroaon, one proceeds advantageously in such a way that when using as material of d6J8.n, for the tabriqa, 1; U of tablets 4.'al1UD: the age, a very finely ground CI $ lignite dust, which compressed in% Qb10t% w of different randltiPS, avaatagsaeanvat of eeurcee tablets of ta a.
 EMI8.4
 
 EMI8.5
 of diam8t7cs and te 8 years. height.

   The pouaf8nr.a appo90eiéas: r'.ent8: ront. for example the next grain
 EMI8.6
 $ in mat! igongulère 1 Pouenière lx o - 0, O - 60 0 ObOi? G! 'B 1. 10 0.07fi-o, 088 6 7 tl0880 fQ1 ab 11 O, OOC f500 49 11 Q, 6041 "OOQ a - Àu-àesano 1, o0Q au-des8ua 1,000?

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 EMI9.1
 With ose pouaaierea, in can manufacture closed tablets without diffieultea with the press a brituj hibittollot Don axemplea oomparatives carried out in my household worldwide for example, that already arac 80 gr.

   you tablets you with potasibre # we can bring in ignition Orgre of briquettes of lignite in 8 to 9 minutes and with ao or * of tablets of 14 ponaatere 1, the same quantity of briquettes Mj <t 44 6 to? minute @ * Tao allmmage tablets 0610a I * Iaveutïono il 00 produces, at 14allumgt $ for example you Noz0fl 6'un idibn $,
 EMI9.2
 not a formation of flame in opposition to the table *
 EMI9.3
 Your foodstuffs contain tarry products, but the tablets immediately begin to swell and bourgonflour after which, within a short time, no flame formation occurs and the ttuetton rises * 8 Ùa éàl #. boxing immediately begin to light up. ] More than the qOn8l¯ 'be used for the manufacture of fiat, a, T tablets:

  more quickly and more born makes 1% a6àagwésabion useful for the oombuation. it is also possible to manufacture aolidea molded product with the addition of charcoal to the reduced an fi distillation oetta. nea partieulong 000 articles * 'à1lmAù + just as easily as those of lignite er We oompose dea charcoal b. activity part * - $ 1 eremaù% avantaoust from a rod suspension pu of a fine carbon deposit to0no a molten tar diatillate product, Qaanposition which shelters as support b. j, c +, ignition and at hamoixge te ignition, at 1aiimaagrr, d 1 v $ 'zjiéà of the product of diatillation gondr0noprliroqnlit itio Baitt * 7at the point of aelidifieatien dtt product will be relative- 016vég advantageously at -el4t of 600 in general;

   by memt,
 EMI9.4
 also
 EMI9.5
 the product cannot flow at high temperature dldtd *

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 The naphtha-
 EMI10.1
 crude line, to which about 10 lti% are still mixed, pitch or other suitable 8Q.uY8nt, such as, for example, 4'anth1'8oene residues or onswlliS8ts of the heavy oil fraction.
 EMI10.2
 The part of coal in the suspension ea in the d'pt produces a significant increase in the combustion time
 EMI10.3
 of ignition mixture which is about 80%. The annuity consists of mothballs and pitch or the like.



   11 is already. known to mix up wastes such as
 EMI10.4
 sawdust, wood shavings and .11111811'18, with tar distillation products, such as mothballs $ and to make fire starters with this medium 18Dg "At 0Tùé of these products, fire starters of% ' However, the invention has the advantage that they do not collapse during combustion, but that they keep their shape, so that their ignition effect remains maintained until complete combustion.
 EMI10.5
 pool should be attributed or caused lignin to have O8r80t6r1.t1t1l8. 00118atOB on combustion.

   it has been found to be advantageous to use for the manufacture of fire-lighters not a single kind of coal, such as, for example, hard coal or lignite. But. for example, coals, preferably sticky coal, mixed with lignite or vice versa, Dry coal on
 EMI10.6
 .n1Ih1'80i ", 8 is particularly suitable.

   Lignite dust ignites easily, so that it forms immediately after burning the tarry distillation product. an incandescent body, which forms a coke skeleton as a result of the sticky charcoal, keeps forming, will hardly fall 6, through the grate spaces and cause ignition of the carbon.
 EMI10.7
 tain ci * combustible due to long lasting go of OOllb1l.tOn,

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 EMI11.1
 jucN vàwruuize will be advantageously reaulye in particles such *. lement tins, that they present, at the, a grain of less than 1 mm and * at 40 * 5. a grain of less than 6, lm.

   , to the mothballs we can add, for example to Ik 20 leaked pitch or up to 4q fi of compressed anthreoene residue or of oristalline meseee prorinent of the delicacy of lonrds, 'goes higher allumsgo fuel * which does not also leave much is obtained again qnadi, in such allMf, the coals are reapiaoôs totally od partially by r8 if dns 001:

  L&OO of lignin, for example the residues which one otticat during the deconpoeitien of the wood with mineranx aids, poame particularly suitable for this purpose does not present a reeidw liellouxo as obtained in the process of seholler, When decomposing pine bowls with mlfurlqoo dilwe acid.

   ponr the manufacture of such alnme-fen, one mixes intimate menf such residues of lignin in the state of fine division, left "orlly at a grain less than g mm" in preference to a 10- nour à 'een which does not dpeooo 10%, together with the required amount of * tar distillates which have a solidification point tOPdrieUr at 650 # partioally with mothballs, this mixture falls off to an extent and it proceeds to the molding by o pref3alo24 we can
 EMI11.2
 also carry out the preparation of the mixes to be compressed and
 EMI11.3
 molding occurs in the cold state, but products of this kind, however, do not present the solidity of those molded with ohe.td,, With new ignition charcoal it is possible to open still other wziôresi Zl, for example , if necessary,

   customary cytotoxic substances can be used simultaneously. gene and. above all, those materials which flow oxygen h
 EMI11.4
 relatively low temperatures; in addition, organic or inorganic fillers can also be used

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 EMI12.1
 for the enlargement of the sayfeoe or the ooasolictttion of the body of slpags.



  , by Ion perioaces comara-tlveo described hereinafter, We 8 unravel the differences and advantages of oll ame * fire according to far- voution compared to e. those oonnos.



  1.) 8 * lon the data of Swiss patent n * U6 7M on law $ 78. we made crazy lighters with
 EMI12.2
 100 parts in poi (The black colopban, 50 "" w white paraffin, t0 a v "of peat flour, + fi" m "of wood eoinr9, Io, w" "of obsrbon dust
 EMI12.3
 and 1 'we proceeded to. precise comparative experiments with 1Ul ovboaenr according to the present invention 07g con81i1'tiu 'of% 4fi of lignite dust, S8 of coal dust, as mothballs in a dCmes "ii1qu. normal, all conditions equal (ln'tien811i8 of tlzege output, starting temperature, mode of supply). Oom! the fuel, it was served with charcoal (coal), 80 grams of fire-lighter and coal were used.

   The adjustment intensity fuz set to 0.5 in fores de Tent. and as a measure we $ determine the 1st} '. or end ati% he loti his famous Present, in a place 4h8rm1116. a te.- pdrature of 1 # Q * g, after thorough research, feels a marohe temperature in parallel with the horn content of the gases of fna40, at the attainment of a smoke temperature of '110.0, they have realizes, according to Itinvencion, an Unquestionably certain ignition of the fuel oil, lveo the lighter according to the bre. swiss ret 118101 les, the time to reach oente temp'1 "8" iiUre of: ruade a dore, on average of three experiences, 8 .mutes, olim that the same fun tempera-cure reached when using the have.

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 EMI13.1
 



  1ullnr according to the present invention. after 4 to 6 minutes, With the lighter according to the Swiss patent. it has been observed as Particularly disadvantageous that it was difficult to light with a match or with a fidibus, thus we observe no
 EMI13.2
 not only an obvious difference in the composition -it was used 66fi of a mixture of coal dust vis-à-vis 4.5% coal dust- but the effect of the new
 EMI13.3
 fire starter is also considerably better.



  2.) like, in oatre. swiss patent no. 881 eu discloses lighters which are prepared with charcoal and combustible residues of d1stilla1i10nddl. We also compared this kind of igniter in precise ignition experiments
 EMI13.4
 with the lighters according to the present invention. you charcoal reduced to fine particles and dried by spinning, having a
 EMI13.5
 grain of 0 7 moe and a grain of 0-4 SU and 0 -0.0 mm, was mixed with coal pitch lIoul1f8 (point of 801i.

   dificatlon 700) in the proportion of 88 76 and b4 t 60 and 75 1 a6 and, in order to eliminate the influence of the different sarfaoes, these compositions were compressed without prior reheating, in the same tablet molds, such as In accordance with the process according to this invention, it was immediately clear that the firelighters thus produced exhibit very little strength and disintegrate very easily. Again all conditions being equal to precision, we tried to light
 EMI13.6
 with 20 gr. of material of ell'amage 2 kgr.

   of charcoal 8t1'8i.n 11 was impossible to ignite the fire starter according to the Swiss patent no. 61 Ce ± with a match or a fidibus, since the point of ignition of the pitch could not be reached. A- near supply of appreciable additional heat by means of
 EMI13.7
 from a paper bus, the fire-lighter completely lost its seal and began to sink. It follows from this that mixtures of coal with combustible and soft distillation residues

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 EMI14.1
 They are not in any way suitable for forming ignition materials.
 EMI14.2
 



  8.) As the Swiss patent noel 8 $ 2 proposes the manufacture of fire-lighters using charcoal in fine division oz exhibiting pit humidity, charcoal which is then dried by spin-drying, other additional comparative experiments were carried out in mixtures with mothballs. by coal reduced to fine particles and pit humidity we must here doubtless include coal, given that the latter can only be dried by spinning.
 EMI14.3
 read similar dried coal in grains of 0-0.6 and $ "4. mm. and each time with the same quantity of mothballs mixed.
 EMI14.4
 composition being cold tablets.

   All conditions being equal, it was necessary for the ignition of 2 kgr. of lignite briquettes with 20 gr. ignition substances, in
 EMI14.5
 a domestic hearth, or oil-based substances, 8V. coal from 8 ... mat 12 to 15 minutes, and with a coal lighter of $ 0.0 m 10 minutiae, while with firelighters which contain a mixture of coal dust and dust
 EMI14.6
 of lignite of less than 1 oea, it only took 6 to? 7 minutes.



  The advantage in the ignition time, which in practice is of decisive significance, is thus excessively surprising.
 EMI14.7
 nant when using fine carbon less than 1 ID. of gre 111, particularly when using a mixture of lignite and hard coal, to such an extent that it is achieved a technical progress of great value.
 EMI14.8
 



  4r.) R, 'emplOi dli1 fine charcoal, as shown 1-to V%. has unexpected advantages, as clearly shown * from another series of comparative experiments that were carried out
 EMI14.9
 fear of different grains of coal, for making 4'81- Igue-fou in the form of drops, one uses, for example, 01181'- bon e grain ds 4-0s5 ... \ -1 1111 It a .. Id and 18 ohtr- quantity

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 EMI15.1
 good is kept of the same magnitude in the mixture. pn dared the allegation of 8 karts of lignite briquettes in an atomic fire pit. your conditions remain the same (80 gr. of Mliere d'IlllUlI8ge. draw, disposition of the Mentetion).

   As soon as the gas is ignited, the temperature of the gas resides in the same way as it flows for a sieîn of
 EMI15.2
 0 - 4v b ma 4-bo timed 1 - and 0. mm bw9 "8 4 À * 0 mm 8y10"
 EMI15.3
 the use of coals the fine folds. certain ignition under these circumstances was ensured not to be too high as in the case of coals with a grain of a. 4 cm. in practice, this is obviously a great advantage.



  5) Another series of comparative oxperia has been developed again with ellumeefons according to the Sulese patent. .86., Saw wood wool cord was impregnated with rosin om oamarone resin. follow the standard proo8d8 and. year-
 EMI15.4
 be part. fiber balls are prepared according to this
 EMI15.5
 invention. by means of far * wood and a suspension & fine charcoal in nopht * 11A *, rli tc-6 again or used each fols 20 gr. of ignition naziéroa to ignite 1 kgr. of Salesian charcoal in a domestic hearth, all completed. tions remain equal. Resin and Wood Mine igniters contain 80% of the wood portion.

   I) already for a content of 70 to 7C% resin, resin particles are already falling through Souttes'élor'a of the alloy. tie towards the grid species and are thus lost for the EO '11 "6 process. The balls of fibers, according to the invention, with naphthalene 1t j obarbon contain, on the other hand, only wood. as a supporting skeleton, and Migré celé do
 EMI15.6
 not drop a drop.

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   The ignition coals according to the invention consist, for example, of a support skeleton of fibrous combustible material, preferably of wood wool; this suppot skeleton is shaped like a ball or the like, as can be seen from Figure 1 of the drawing.



   The composition of such ignition fuels is blindly as follows:
1 part of support material (wood wool) and 5 to 15 parts of support in the manner of ignition and transmission of ignition, material preferably consisting of 40 to 60% finely ground lignite or coal or a mixture of both, 50 to 50% crude naphthalene, 10 to 20% pitch.



   The composition of the material can obviously vary within wide limits, depending on the kind of coal and the tar distillate, though. previously, for example, it is about 150-200 gr. Parts of wood For ignition this quantity decreases according to the invention to about 2 to 6 parts.



   The manufacture of this ignition fuel is carried out in such a way that the quantity of dimensioned wood wool or similar (depending on the size of the firelighter, quantities of approximately 1-10 gr. And more) is Immersed in a heated, heated slurry of finely ground coal in the molten tar distillation products, the ball, during this process of 1111.II1erl10n or during solidification, is slightly compressed into the desired shape, per example in the shape of a flattened cylinder or a ball.

   The temperature of the immersion bath and the compression are optionally carried out so that the supporting skeleton, upon cooling, contains at least 10 times the amount by weight of the carbon slurry.

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 EMI17.1
 The alimné.ien are compressed only slightly, so that, for example, a roof lighter of 50 cm3 of volumetric capacity weighs only 15 to 30 gr., Preferably approximately.
 EMI17.2
 20 grog the apparent specific gravity of 1 "allnmo.fire this located, in this at $ between 0 09, af pt6.



  Allme-fau oonformee the invention can be used. read with the same external result of balls, pilinlet, planed or curved shelves, briquettes # dé déa, eylindrtt, oooe $ o 4if we try any other form * My ticket, tablet *, briqnèttea eto * can have a*.

   conformation rendered, oval, polygonal, qnadrangalar, sorting shape of briquettes or similar (see figure *) * We consider
 EMI17.3
 as best suited for mid-oval, so-called deep curvature tablets and drop or egg shaped briquettes, for example weighing two grams
 EMI17.4
 and d 27 0m, of) surfacedAnd they can however have any larger dimensions. In order to increase the surface area, it has been found advantageous to provide at least one perforation in the tablets or briquettes.

   Castings of the kind of compressed hollow cylinders, or similar hollow prisms, can also be used with good result.
 EMI17.5
 With the rings of Raéobige Beur 1lnnoxQage of the ignition process, the tablets or briquettes, according to Itinventiôns, will be poured pell-mell on the grid and covered with the fuel to be ignited.



   The manufacture of ignition tablets or briquettes etc. is carried out, by way of example, in such a way that the separated constituents, in the powder state, are intimately mixed and compressed in the cold or at a heat capable of producing plasticity in the usual presses with tablets and briquettes under relatively high pressure, for
 EMI17.6
 example about 600 to 3000 stem. These tablets stand up perfectly to transport without a hitch.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 



  An otherwise appropriate part mixture is formed
 EMI18.1
 of ZO - 60) 6 sticky coal, 10 to 0% lignite, 8 and 80 to 40% naphthalene. to this mixture can also be added waste wood such as sawdust. A mixture consisting only of lignite and naphthalino in proportions of 60:40 behaves just as well.
 EMI18.2
 



  Lighter according to the invention, which must not contain, so to speak, any wooden ingredient, can be used particularly, in addition, in the form of bars or logs.
 EMI18.3
 



  Barelis bars or logs can have an oso% t6n rta4 * 9 'mid-round, oïale, angular, for example triangular or poly-inflated, and where they are better suited to the bars or round seotion bu- ob e and partly of triaffl seotion. * lar or quadrangular, tele as illustrated in fig * Z * Here again we use, preferably, don a mixed 50 to lofez of coal reduced to: tint particles, and naphthali- with pitch, o% 4 .. bars or buoheo 9boon%, for example a to 4 gr. and have a surface area of zk% 5 00. here it takes only a little you this bars which will be advantageously placed in eroix, somewhat in the form of a baobou tac (see fig.4'laVeo the ignited fuel which ropou- 1xs, to ignite with certainty and quickly and water * leasüietanoe de 'ois, 7.e fuel which can be coal or lignite.

   However, for example, for the lighting of a normal household fire 150 to 400 gr. of wood, just 20 to 40 gr. bars entirely without wood to bring the fire into Ignition in a certain way and for an equal time, if not shorter. While, for example,
 EMI18.4
 in a central heating one uses at 6 xgr. of wood for the lighting of ooket one reaches the crumb had at the same time atee 1 to a ics. àe bttchew '* 1inaag * according to 1'invention, and which are completely wood-free.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 



   The manufacture of the ignition bars or logs, according to the invention, being carried out, for example, in such a way that in paper envelopes, of suitable cross section, the finely ground charcoal, optionally, a mixture of wood flour, is introduced. on other wood waste or similar, and that the filled casings are immersed in a bath of molten tar distillation products, free of crude mothballs with 10% pitch.

     The tar product
 EMI19.1
 molten penetrates through the paper in 16 ohar'bon pµ% * m ramplissags, up to tiaturatiba to the paphthalim content required for the ignition prooeesua. It is also possible to prooiè, der in such a way that in envelopes of appn4m requested paper and of co7AVenabl * seetiLon, one introduces well ground charcoal, possibly a mixture of wood flour) or of similar wood, and that the shell raÉaU6 'is immersed in a bath of molten tar distillates, for example crude mothballs, 10% pitch.

     The tar derivatives, in fusion, penetrate through
 EMI19.2
 the paper into <the porsu charcoal filling <and saturate it to the naphthalene content required for the al-
 EMI19.3
 lumageo A slurry of carbon in molten tar distillates can also be carried out by pouring into suitable pieces of paper. the most suitable process has been proven,

     that whereby a warmed flowing mixture of coal dust
 EMI19.4
 'fl, use mouises, - is of predutta of tar is poured into molds of suitable seotien, in order to produce <semi-round bars, tra'a4 mucous or otherwise formed, which are, in reference, to iv18µ *, ¯ in smaller pieces.



     In this case, the hot liquid suspension may, for example
 EMI19.5
 example, to be poured from rdoé'rvoir'àu motèn 'é "oàÉl' evenings, levelers, rollers in the like, on an endless casting belt, which is made of rods that form

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 grooves, ribs or the like, constituting the
 EMI20.1
 mold required for the reception of the oomlage mass, The casting strip may be cooled from above or in any other way, and has, at the point of reversal,
 EMI20.2
 device <tel # of ratleure or similar,

   for the removal of the barraanx ooul6a fear the case where omx does not fall cough = $ born outside 3a the band of a0nlage.



  The following embodiment has been found to be particularly useful: figures 67. the auepenaien 1. of perfect fluidity flows from the tank heats it on the 0an8 end 3 band in motion, oonati- tue band <d ' a metallic angle with a 1% articulated shell, preferably triangular, riveted on one side very close to each other, or fixed in a movable manner to the bon- lona 6; * Used long as the strip ptosis the straight path, each tele is supported very close to the neighboring sheet, so that it is formed a] triangular prism, of which the plane face is raised up.

   This limited space * dss two obtained by * guide bolt 7. is filled exactly to the top with the suspended suspension. the surface is unified by a scraping or planing device 8. the strip is cooled, for example, at
 EMI20.3
 medium), or water which are conducted, for example to 101.ntervention of a tube 9 provided with nozzles or perforations, so that the cooling agent is brought from below onto the strip.

     The strip then passes over the return rollers 10. However, the triangular sheets rise from their support, as shown in fig. 7, and thus the cast bars 11 are released, either separately or in plates, from their support. support surfaces to fall in a collector drop 12.

   Instead of
 EMI20.4
 triangular profile rings, we can obviously also use any other conformation, for example semi-circular sheets,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 
 EMI21.1
 polygonal,% ôi with wavml6e section and others It is also possible to proceed by extrusion of the dsll mixture, mage in the softened state, plastic, from an urn press ùà4, to output tion suitable for increasing the solidity, it where% recommended to provide the bars or logs with reoroemen able to increase their resistance capacity * armatn- ras stars can be oonà% 1% born * s by thin rods in eîoo of <aoeona wool or 4trny eu of minao metal wire or other similar means * The bars or logs m (umi) t of such reinforcements have the other advantage that,

   when
 EMI21.2
 they break, the cohesion between the parts of r <tptur <t eîïii # 4i remains maintained. '
Ignition fuel, ready to use, without being grindstone
 EMI21.3
 artificially, can also be present as fqt14i. your, nuts, peas, platelets are similar, just as we know
 EMI21.4
 for example the so-called gelatin beads * This form * the advantage that it can be manufactured from a massive tecff, q.Ï1 mantere and this in particular by applying the most diverse methods, but always very simple.



   The suspension of coal or lignite in fine particles or their mixture, preferably with a grain size of less than 1 mm., In molten tar products which will preferably have a solidification point above 66 C, the***
 EMI21.5
 wtre obtained, for example, in a container which can be waffled and so as to present a good casting capacity which corresponds approximately to the tar of the streets T J10i6 up to 2Ob / egO, using appropriate mechanical devices, we now bring determined and uniformly small quantities
 EMI21.6
 suspension in the form of drops or the like is opened and closed,

  eg 5-50mm tap holes constantly and quickly. width of the bottom of a container filled with the suspension. In this way, uniform drops of the suspension mass fall outside, but we still use containers with such small holes.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 that drops form on their own.

   The dripping can be assisted by exerting Pressure * The liquid melting drops now falling either on suitable surfaces, for example on a mobile and cooled endless belt, and solidifying directly in the form of scraping plates. Of the band.



   It is also possible to drop the molten drops into a practically indifferent liquid, at rest or in motion, preferably in a water container% the drops solidify.
 EMI22.2
 then feed iwnédi * t0m0n% and retain their goutt oonformation or the like. It is separated from water by means of a similar chipmunk, and then dried in any suitable manner.
 EMI22.3
 'A suitable device for the mine in practice of this method of manufacture illustrated in fig. 8 * Here, have 46igat the container provided with a double jacket to be heated and stirring ales M, container intended for the re - captain of the mixture M, which fell in goGtt68, pGC the outlet li5 A the water tank 86.

   This 0'effoclRo using the perforated drawer S7 with quick reciprocating movement.



  Depending on the width of the tap holes or the opening speed
 EMI22.4
 when the orifices are closed, oembuati-
 EMI22.5
 ignition block of different size, for their magnetic fireplaces, preferably fire starters with a grain size of 10 to lb mm. are used, for kitchen hearth and industrial doo foyem. , those of 140 to 40 mm. with the aid of very simple devices, it is thus possible to manufacture large quantities of artificial tiellmage oombuatible, of uniform grain and capable of being easily packaged.
 EMI22.6
 



  For particular levels of uniformity of the igniting fuel, the granular product may still be pressed into tablet form or the like. In * and
 EMI22.7
 goal, 9 the product after reduction J that k for example 4 mm.,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

   is cold pressed into solid or similar tablets. It is then not necessary to provide for heating the mixture.
 EMI23.1
 age, which often causes engorgement in the ilentonz% oïr of division, or inorhstation of the preaae. leareilloo shelves or element% thus faqonaea and eistingiénb of the plates which are% pressed;

   from a pre-unmelted paste, in particular by their better ignition activity For example, an ignition of three kilograms of lighter
 EMI23.2
 -tee of lignite in a household household ueuwl with # 0 gx ': 4 destablettea deeritea oi-in front, is rendered poeeibld in OIÏX minutes, whereas 80 gus. lastly, oitéen tablets realioeut ignition in 4 minutes. b'ém9loà in the mena "ge of] Produced molding according to the invention, this ease of the fact that one can assemble a greater number of them in n * vèloppen oonvanablea on in a container, for example a paper lock or bag to constitute an aoi-dieant eartau "eht ignition. Oes aechota may then include a ddllnmageordon with the aid of which the ignition is transmitted from the oari, touchât.



   It is also possible to fill a cylindrical envelope open on both sides, and made of a combustible material or
 EMI23.3
 non-combustible, with a number of moldings according to Ilinventiôt'o so as to constitute a column filled with lighting tablets in the form of a chimney, which facilitates the air supply, the contents of this column being able to also be lit at have it
 EMI23.4
 of an ignition cord or in any other suitable way. The cylinder can also be perforated in ela pax4i, * in order to make possible also a better supply of air from the side.

   Such ignition cartridges may have a cover at each end for transport, which must be removed before using the cartridge.



   In the operation of the ignition process, it is decisive ei- gnifioation to note in the comparison of the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 ignition products, that the ignition time for all the fuel is kept as short as possible and that sufficient heat is released to produce the necessary draft for the chimney. This last observation is of particular importance from the point of view of the poor draft conditions which are often encountered in chaminies.

   
 EMI24.1
 



  0a has now recognized that when the grate is not reopened, the maintenance air enters the grate area in a uniform manner and, as a result of the undesirable cooling of the temperature of the firebox apaae , the dispersion of the! en cannot be found.



  This finding may be airantagentemeat highlighted by the alleged invention, as has been shown by comparative experiments. According to this, the major part of the surface of
 EMI24.2
 gate is reo opened by one. piece of paper, for example during the ignition process, so that only a small part of the grid spaces remain free. As a result, the air sucked in by the chimney draft cannot
 EMI24.3
 enter through the gate which the party * has remained free. As the entire draft of the chaminee as can act only on the free grid surface reduced by the covering, a very lively air supply is produced in this place.

   Of-
 EMI24.4
 In a particular way, the quantity of air aupirietta a unit of tme4l, at the part of the free re-edged grille, will be greater than in a place of the same size of the grille
 EMI24.5
 not covered.



  The covering means you, according to the invention, can ooneittet in flat shape, of the combustible or non-combustible type.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 when using the covering, the area of the grille remains free, and it is easily covered with materials.
 EMI25.1
 Flammable, such as wood, oharbor4o wood, tom * "big of lighter * - or similar, and, on top, we will dispose of the part of the fuel to be ignited in a considerably reduced form, that is to say. say lignite, coal, tobacco or the like,
By the new way of grid covering it $ and
 EMI25.2
 possible to oufftrotfor .'ailumAage of oombutible s,

   with lower diellume-fetal quantities and it also otimnitamely that the duration of ignition is thus helpably reduced. the formation of distillation and the excess of unwanted air are thus reduced.



   In the figures of the appended drawings 9 and 10 it has been shown how the covering of the grid is carried out along the distance ,,
 EMI25.3
 vention, for example in a nacell construction fireplace
Figure 9 is a cross section through a flat grid window *
Figure 10 shows a plan view of the grid re-
 EMI25.4
 covered with aen recovery
In the hearth, the fire space 81 is separated, in known manner, from the fall of the ashes Le.par the grid la * According to the invention, this grid is, by ..

   'example, covered by a piece of paper, cardboard, a sheet of cellulose
 EMI25.5
 OR an eouone of similar material, combustible $ 4, k3 leaves free an opening 35. On this opening is
 EMI25.6
 a small quantity of very small wood M, which serves, preferably # laid out in layers forming grills * Bardeasus oet igniting agent is brought back part of the fuel to be ignited 37, in the form of lumps or sleet. On this is then poured the solid fuel 38 to be ignited,
 EMI25.7
 this fuel then pressing to the grate the portions of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 paper 34 which does not amend beyond the grilling in bowls 36.



  The wood chips 36. on the grill 33. are lit, for example, by means of a match that is brought. per below the grate, by burning wood. The solid, gritty fuel 37 which is above is also ignited, as a result of the increased speeds of at the ignition site, portions of the burning sleet are left behind and dispersed entirely at the point of ignition. inside the fuel bed. the combustion air can first arrive only at the place of the grate where.

   combustion has just started. It is only after the ignition process has progressed that the parts of the paper 34 covering the grate will catch fire, so as to free the grate for the supply of air. combustion as the ignition process progresses.

   As a result, by using the new grate cover, the air will only pass through the grate at places where fuel ignition has already taken place. the covering means, according to the invention, can be made of non-combustible material, such as sheet metal or the like, such covers can advantageously be formed in the type of a lens or iris screen or similar, these screens then opening more as the ignition of the fuel progresses under the effect:

     increase in temperature
A complicated process is already known whereby a curved cover is placed over the front part of the grid, so that the rear part of the grid is only filled with charcoal. As combustion progresses, the cover is removed further and each part of the grate which has become free is removed to ..

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 other quantities of coal. This device entails a permanent surveillance of the hearth, the opening and closing of the hearth door and the complicated introduction of charcoal.



   The use of such a device is severely restricted, owing to the fact that charcoal nuts can be used for heating only, and not briquettes, given that these form an obstruction; in contrast to this process, the new method makes it possible to use any kind of fuel, for example also briquettes inside a domestic heating stove.

   In addition, the known device has the disadvantage that, per its use, one cannot ignite larger quantities of charcoal, since the rear wall of the hearth, the so-called hearth altar, opposes itself. when a larger quantity of coal is piled up, this circumstance makes it impossible to use a sheet covering of a longuser such that only a slit would remain behind which could cause the effect of a nozzle;

     as it appears from the drawing of this patent, it is reopened, for this reason, only about 8/4. of the grid surface, so that it cannot. there is no longer any question of a nozzle effect, particularly if one compares the grid surface remaining free law with that remaining free according to the invention, and which takes a ratio of approximately 10: 1 as the average value *. for these reasons, the device designed is applicable after all only in exceptional cases, in particular then only when the door of the fireplace is of a width. when only when the door is generally equal to the grid surface, which is not the case as we know.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 



     Finally. the cover in question must, after ignition is completed, be removed from the fireplace space to such a distance that the fireplace door can no longer be closed; the door must then remain open temporarily, which is generally a disadvantage for the heating process, otherwise the fire cover must be completely removed from the firebox in order to be able to supply the grate completely. This, however, has immediate disadvantages. unless it is locally impossible.

   Indeed, the cooling of such a hot cover already requires precautionary measures which totally forbid its use in ordinary domestic hearths. The use of the known device therefore comes up against considerable difficulties.

   Furthermore, the hearth door, in most domestic hearths, is so small that the use of a curved cover already is. questioned, solely for this reason. The use of such a cover conditions before% or% for each type of innumerable hearths a particular form, that is to say a special manufacture as well as numerous operations during the firing.

   it is, moreover, characterized by the fact that the whole of the grid surface remains completely permeable to air during ignition, whereas, peroontre. the area covered with charcoal and the quantity of charcoal remain very small, whereas, in contrast to the new process, the air-permeable grate area is very small and the area covered with charcoal and the quantity of charcoal remain normal.



   In addition, the known complicated device 8 has an entirely different aim and function besides the method, meaning doubt the simplest to imagine, according to the invention, while the device according to the invention will produce a nozzle effect,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 known devices expressly have another object, in particular the promotion of additional upper air.

   The hollow space, which the cover constitutes above the grid, is in particular limited to. the rear for the fuel, so that the combustion air can pass unobstructed between the grate and the cover, and air then constituting the upper additional air, a preheating of this air by the cover appears however to be excluded during the process of 'et- lemage clean, given that the cover, at this time, is still completely cold and that the hot gases do not pass along this cover goose,

     but escape by the smoke fireplaces. The device therefore has only the task of deflecting part of the air normally available and of bringing it laterally through the fuel to the liet from below. In this way, however, an intense cooling of the fuel occurs, which, according to the invention, must be above all. In addition, the combustion gases leave the fire space at a much lower temperature than in the method according to the invention, in which these gases only have to pass from below through a much larger layer of fuel. thick.

   The known technique therefore has no similarity with the present invention. Regardless of all the above points of view, the effects obtained in both cases can also be effectively verified in a practical manner.



   In order to clearly show the difference between the known curved grid cover and the object of the invention, precise comparative experiments were carried out with the two grid covers, in domestic and kitchen homes. .

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 
 EMI30.1
 



  1, -b Need for st1qu es elite households. - 10 normal domestic hearth used had a grid size of 17 Z 88 ora. tyo cal, 18 curved tale covered 17 x l8tC om. they Olla, either. fi9r the surface of the grid.



  The fireplace has a Draft adjustment so that the inten
 EMI30.2
 -site the draft could be set to 096 cc of wind force. fuel apple, we have moved 3 Irgr. of charcoal (hard coal). A Bee le with the cover of t8le oourbe of known type, The cover of t8l, e fu. place on the anterior grid and the part which remained free was supplied with 20 gr. of ignition material and 0.7 kgr. of coal. After 6 to 10 minutes, the quantity of charcoal ignited so much that the lid could
 EMI30.3
 had% ire withdrawn and that the flush quantity could be introduced. aunt lee kgr. of coal.

   On average, three tries, the duration was ae 4j minutes for the solid coal to ignite effectively and .. 0.0 q, below the grate reigned a temperature of 570 C. b) Tests with the padding according to invention.



   The paper grate cover with a hole in the middle was also placed on the powered hearth grate.
 EMI30.4
 with ao gr of ellumege matter and it k6r. of coal. On average of three tries, already after 31 minutes, all of the coal was already completely on ignition and a temperature
 EMI30.5
 from 6'0 to Ioob tut a lit anoint. 8UX trials: ro1'ers d6 18in6. -
Similar tests were undertaken, all conditions being equal, in a kitchen fireplace. This, however, was taken as a measure of the time determined during which two liters of water could be brought to the boil in an aluminum kettle.

   This kind of experiments for subjects
 EMI30.6
 ignition was introduced in cooperation with the # - tloml office for ca.olllesiiiqo8 constructions. and the work of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 Women from Germany.
 EMI31.1
 



  8) B88a18 with the cover of the known pudding, - the cover of the tbie covered the% of the grill. This hay was given 20 gr. of ignition material and 006)% * tt of carbon, one proceeded to the ignition and, after 15 m1DDtea. it was possible to pour in another 0.1, kgr. of new coal $. expressly that the cover was removed. the two liters of water on% b #: t1- It after tt9 "BO minutes, regardless of whether the flood -cenoe produced was behind or dispersed over the grid, the average content in 00 it was Residue gas would comprise 3.1% and the degree of use could be calculated up to IL 56-57%.
 EMI31.2
 bi Tests with the coating of paper according to the 1n "eDJ11C1tn,., - It was placed on the grate cover 20 gr. of my ignition plate and t.1 8r of charcoal;

   after ÏD * 80 alno- tee, the two liters of water were boiling Mn ce ?? ' the average 0 content. of the waste gas was from 'to 0' 468 and the degree of use 61.



  From all these experiments, it is clear that the known curved grille cover cannot exceed the effect of the perforated grille cover proposed according to care. which is applied flat on the grid, for the management role it is of a char- important if we can bring two
 EMI31.3
 liters of boiling water in two-thirds of the time currently employed for a use of the same quantity of the good, independently of food complication, if not of the imposed
 EMI31.4
 bility to have to remove the lid each time the ttlo burns out of the firebox, before it can be completely removed.



   On the other hand. already proposed a total covering of the grid, to avoid a loss of fuel as a result The fall through the grid, the whole of the grid serves

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 
 EMI32.1
 then covered, for example, an oeyen of paper, an ou- Tartare voluntarily practiced in the peper would then go against the sana of this method.

   The feit that the paper
 EMI32.2
 burns after perforation r'8ul n \ i ae the wingnmoga 8u that, finally, the whole of the grate becomes free, does not affect the present invention, since the ignition starts in
 EMI32.3
 part of the eombuatible. going from the top to the bottom, not thus located in the time before the combustion of the paper, By- a
 EMI32.4
 against, / the present invention, the cileilu ge process takes place 11 orifice provided in the paper, orifice which is sufficient for the
 EMI32.5
 8th of 00llbu8t1011 air necessary for the ignition process. Clean itself: the paper burns 8111u1 wnement with 1% ni% ion progressive. il e v s n d i o a t ion 8.



  1. * Oombuetlble aluoege with coal and maal content for coal, coke or similar stoves, characterized in that, for its manufacture, a finely molten and practically dry coal of a size of grain in


    

Claims (1)

EMI32.6 less than 3 # preferably in dess or $ 1 to 1. Fluawge fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that finely ground coal is used with a water content of less than 10%, of preferably less than 5%. 3.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the charcoal ingredients are constituted by mixtures of charcoal at the ignition point case EMI32.7 with charcoal at high sluta8g8 point. 4.- ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is constipated, in primary order EMI32.8 cipal, preferably charcoal Q 5Q to 80, i. and, preferably, dry tacky charcoal. <Desc / Clms Page number 33> EMI33.1 à.-0ombas% ibio ignition rel0n te1 revendidaaion'1 à, characterized by the fact that it uses, as the material of eharba.t lignite or a mixture of lignite and coal. EMI33.2 6t- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 'i araotèrisi in that it is 4tltitni drunk all in sde lite lignite flour and / O # oomnmée coal. 7 Ignition fuel t aëlon loo, WévéliàioaOi0nà''i À µ, characterized by the fact that it is aonrtitu6 of casting * of reduced lignite or pieces ,, which were produced from 4harlÉn of raw lignite rl8d, which has been finely ground in so many molds, as is usually done for this purpose. EMI33.3 $ ** Ignition fuel, tiglon the claims at 7t characterized by the fact that they consist of motus * $ of lignite reduced into pieces of a grain of 10 to 30 mm. EMI33.4 9f Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 8 characterized by the fact that it consists of molding ocmyo from tablets, pill0, 9 balls $ oylindree, and ** which are a'0t) t- awarded with lignite dust . 10. Ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is made of dry lignite pu) *, which has been ground into a particularly fine dust. 11. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it consists of lignite EMI33.5 unrefined, finely ground, containing 90% or more of a grain below 0.5mm. 12.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it consists of tablets EMI33.6 from 10 to 15 mm in diameter. 13. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it contains materials which give rise to oxygen at relatively low temperatures. <Desc / Clms Page number 34> 14. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it contains fibrous, non-combustible or low-combustible ingredients, particularly wood ingredients, preferably less than 10%. 15.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the wooden ingredients consist of kois waste, such as sawdust, wood wool, chips. 16.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 15. characterized in that it consists entirely or in the main order of a solidified suspension or of a deposit of coal dust and tar distillation product in fusion. 17. Ignition fuel, according to claim 6, characterized in that the tar distillation products used have a high solidification point, preferably above 65. 18.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that one uses, as tar distillation products, crude naphthalene or worked, optionally in the presence of pitch, enthrachne residues where similar. 19. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the ignition mass is constituted by a mixture of 50 to 80% coal and 80 to 50% crude naphthalene. 20. Ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it consists, in whole or in the main order, of a solidified suspension of 40 to 60% of coal flour., And of 40 to 60% crude mothballs or 30 to 50% crude mothballs and 10 to 20% pitch. <Desc / Clms Page number 35> 21. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the charcoal ingredients are replaced totally or partially by residues of solid lignin, such as results, for example, from the decomposition of bots with mineral acids. 22.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 21, characterized in that use is made of lignin residues obtained by the Scholler process, by decomposition of pine wood with dilute sulfuric acid . 23.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the lignin residues have a grain size of less than 2 mm. 24.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it actually consists of a mixture of 40 to 70% of lignin residues, and 30 to 60 of distillation products of tar, particularly mothballs. 25.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it is produced by hot counting of a heated mixture of lignin residues with the tar distillation product. 16. Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 25, characterized in that it comprises reinforcements which increase its resistance capacity. 27.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 26, characterized in that one uses as reinforcements wooden sticks or son, for example wool or hemp thread. 28.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 to 27, characterized in that metal wire is used as reinforcement. <Desc / Clms Page number 36> 29.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 28, characterized in that it is formed by casting the molten suspension, for example on an endless casting belt in the form of grills having suitable grooves , ribs or the like. 30.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to Il $ ,, characterized in that it is loulé under such a low pressure, that its density comprises about 0.3-0.6. a .combustible ignition, according to claims 1 to 30, characterized in that it has the shape of cylindrical or spherical balls and that it comprises a fibrous support skeleton. 32.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 31, characterized in that wood wool is used as a support skeleton. 33. Ignition fuel according to claims 31 and 32, characterized in that it constitutes by impregnation of the fibrous ingredients or of filling with the molten support. 34. Ignition fuel, according to claims 31 to 33, characterized in that the support skeleton in the form of a ball is impregnated with a mixture of coal dust and tar distillation products. 35.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 31 to 34, characterized in that the balls of wool bots feel impregnated with at least ten times the amount of a suspension of coal, naphthalene and pitch. 36.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 31 to 35, characterized in that it consists of approximately one part of fibrous ingredients, particularly wood, and Ci .. 15 parts of a suspension of charcoal or the fibrous ingredient is impregnated with the suspension. <Desc / Clms Page number 37> EMI37.1 7 <* ignition fuel, according to claims al èL M, characterized in that the balls feel slightly compressed during or after their manufacture. EMI37.2 8R..00mbaa% ignition target, according to sells icatiMm; 1 a. ? 7, characterized by the fact that it has an apparent speci fi c weight of about .8-0. 9 "Igniter fuel according to claims 113, to aSt characterized in that its anaembio surface, '', <,; (in om) tie outweighs the weight (or Cri boom 4 - & 1. 40 Ignition fuel, according to revsndioationw 31 to 99t characterized by the fact that it is provided with envi., Loppe. possibly perforated, preferably from a paper envelope. 4l.- Ignition fuel, according to the revenàioabioÉà '1 k 40 earacterium by the fact that it has the form of' balls, tablets, briquettes or the like, of a pan of gr., For example. 42.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 41, characterized in that it has the form of tablets of strong curvature. 43.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 41, characterized in that it is shaped in briquettes in the form of drops or nuts EMI37.3 44. * Allagae fuel, according to claims 41 to 43, characterized in that it comprises perfora- EMI37.4 tions was in the form of vrastz prisms, hollow cylinders, or àlra = waters of Baoohic. 45.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 44, characterized in that it is molded during or after EMI37.5 casting or 1'impwégna% ion by pressing a eid is hot. <Desc / Clms Page number 38> 46.- Ignition fuel according to claims 1 k 45, oaraotérisé in that it is molded at high pressure, cold, preferably at pressures above 500 atm. 47.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 to 30, characterized in that it comprises the form of bar .. reaur, bûchas or the like. 48.- Ignition fuel, according to claim 47, characterized in that the bars or logs have a round section. 49, - Ignition fuel, according to claim 47, characterized in that the bars or logs have a triangular section. 50.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 47 to 49, characterized in that the ignition bars or logs are tabriqu4es by casting the ignition mass, heated and flowing, in molds of suitable section. , for example on a fine casting tape having a suitable nail **, ribs, or the like, or a grid conformation, 51.- Device for the production of ignition fuel, according to claims 47 to 50, characterized in that on an endless belt, guided on return rollers, are fixed movable sheet profiles which, in the rectilinear path of the belt, take the form of a container open from the top and tooth solidified filling is rejected at the location of the return rollers by releasing the strip from the profiled sheets movably arranged for this purpose. 68 .-- Device according to claim 51, characterized in that it is fixed to the endless belt, in a movable manner, triangular sheet metal profiles, which, in the reoti- line path of the belt, form prisms triangular open at the top and with the help of which one can make nail bar- <Desc / Clms Page number 39> EMI39.1 triangular ignition rails a. 6S. <- Ignition fuel, according to claim 1 80, characterized in that it has as ftt or intermediate product, an eonformation in gôatten, walnut, $ t, p9t plate * on aimilaires., C4t * aombnetible àlallmage , according to claim 6 $ caraotétiod in that it is prepared by dgouttom 4t ds., SrnY. uniform and divisional quantities a1! mixed in ha (on, and flowing, the operator aloteectuant with or or $ gr! leiôa, will cross appropriate orifices which close high! até.I, eme of donkey way p4rio & iqut, 864 * Ignition fuel, according to 140 èoend3catiaâ ! OS. and 54, owing to the fact that it is prepared by egont ", in liquids practically indifferent to rest in motion or by dripping through chipmunk or the like and aeohaget 66 ** 'Ignition fuel, depending on resaleatioha 6 to 66 obtained by dripping oonlanta deaîcty mixes of EMI39.2 the water. EMI39.3 67. "Combastible of alicmaget according to Ion resaleatiena 68, and 549 obtained by draining islands flowing mixed with aurfaoea. 66. * Fuel of annmaget according to the riezdiettions b, 04 tt 57, oaraoteriaé by the fact that it is prepared. By * butt on surfaces preferably cooled and in moving EMI39.4 ment, preferably on loose tapes EMI39.5 69.- Fuel according to claim 0-8 IL es, 08Pçd. terise by the fact that they have transformed into a quiaon- form, EMI39.6 EMI39.7 that, by cold oompreaaioza aubaequentee, possibly after reduction in moraeauxb 60. *. Device for preparing ignition fuels according to Claims 58 to 59j, characterized in that they have constituted a small container, possibly da blades & 0 & 4. <Desc / Clms Page number 40> EMI40.1 gitation or the like, for the reception of mixtures in progress, and that below or inside the office of draining there is a perforated drawer in reciprocating movement xagi EMI40.2 of. EMI40.3 61.- Ignition fuel, according to claims 1 and 50: characterized in that several molding. assembled as a cartouoU8 d.allnmage are r <unl <clan, an envelope EMI40.4 suitable, possibly perforated, or in a container EMI40.5 cll1D4riq.e, cartridges possibly including a closure to remove it from Itag8 and / on an ignition Gordoa. 689- Ignition fuel cartridge, according to claim 61, characterized by the fact that it has been formed with the aid of moldings according to revisions 1 to 60, packed in suitable containers or containers. "0. Oartoaohe fuel ignition, according to their reve- dicationt 61 and 63, oaraoterieée by the fact that it this oaaasti- t4te by a cylindrical outer shell, possibly perforated and which contains a molding r8llp11ssage according to claims 1k 11. 6r. Ignition eombwetible cartridge, according to claims 61 t 6, oarl101ié-1.,. by the fact that it includes fermeturet to remove dormice from the uaage. 60.- Ignition fuel cartridge, according to re-.,. EUà.1Qat10J18 61 k, 64, characterized by the fact that it comprises EMI40.6 an ignition cord. EMI40.7 66.- -vroaddé for the ignition of ignition ocmbuatible according to rqvmàioationo 1 to 66, atea partial or alternative covering of the grid, characterized by the fact that a material of r * is applied directly on the grill. 4ouvoemon% Bit- EMI40.8 ne, particularly combustible, which is provided with an opening EMI40.9 re creating a tuysiee effect that automatically expands s. ensures that 1 <ignition 11 ''. '.. and that the products of aU .. mage are arranged "..- des8U1 of the opening of the rare <Desc / Clms Page number 41> EMI41.1 6? .W Diwpoeitif 9ow la mi 'IL pat1q .. do pOO' '' '..10a It sltrsaâioabios a6, oaxaotiriai pv le f * iù que la. "0 .'-. Wm% o, ri-U8 *% S oon @% 1% S '4'ue matter in toulluse and 81 "Ov.U'rtm..t' e loftll tibveuesq such 4w> ap10 &, and, ¯'il oomorts, à se * pria au dU '., trap 4., prot4ronot rounds Mt * J> 1I: P0811i1f] by setting his practice of wrQO4à4 according to 1 "" "Dcl1oat.1oa' 1, e <Mfaet <tiw <'" the t * 1% 4as ls ssoouvpe. 4 Pille ..t "..., .. tlia .... '1IM ¯t" 1'1 en force ce "1 .., 008: pOot ,. Iollrlxos had nilsou, uno open = # oq0à or more * = $ 6asaas, os you simisira device, dent l '$ nv <Ttw] f $ @' 0goean4SB avoe iteausss ",: re8811 'of fuel,' 9: lagouvnmout for grids of tfflroo according to the "'a. 410atloU 61? and Il, oono% 1% a 'des Matter (the fon plaas qui OOnpwb0, * Van% 8g0U00 & 0nR la 1111 "., na tl'o'O.,% @ 1,.' 11 & 1'111" 8 ltiwunde t ' air "'0, ... 1'" pea4.aat 1 '& 11 ..... ! 0s "00. ,," 1118. ' Ù gnile, salon la xsvsadioatiori bzz .... t1 '.' 4'iM mtiare 0n ¯, OOJlbust1b18. such to the paper $ du oa rtou # me stirred of oellulose one similsirtee '1.- ..... n ..... 4, pill' ... 10a 1 & 1 ', ..... 10 & tloa 490 oono% 1% aé toi rablère su fot! M te oonoita non oembw <t) .b3L $$ like de la tble or '1m111 ".