BE1030277B1 - A SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHOD FOR CULTIVATION OF DICTYOPHORA RUBROVALVATA IN YELLOW ACID SOILS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention disclosed a soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soils and involved the field of soil improvement technology. The soil improvement method of the invention is to use the modified biomass charcoal, rich in hydroxyls, carboxylic acids, uronic groups and amines on the surface, for mixing with the primary soil after cracking, and applied in the gullies, after the application of the buried soil packed to cover the sterilized pine needles or the cultivation straw, and on the mulch applied the animal waste. Subsequently, the production of Dictyophora rubrovalvata could increase from 8.88 to 17.32% and the content of total sugar, total free amino acids and crude protein from 21.49 to 28.37%, 2.62 to 26.67% and 3.16 to 50.37% respectively.

Description

DESCRIPTION

A METHOD OF IMPROVING SOILS FOR CULTIVATION

OF DICTYOPHORA RUBROVALVATA IN YELLOW ACID SOILS

TECHNICAL AREA

This invention falls within the field of soil improvement techniques and more specifically concerns the method of improving soils cultivated in

Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

PRIOR ART

Yellow soil is the largest regional soil in Guizhou Province. The total area of the province is 7,384,000 ha, accounting for 46.4% of the total soil area in the province. Too acidic soil not only causes poor crop growth, lower yield, but also easy to lose cations in the soil, so that potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, boron and other nutrients are deficient, the activation of toxic heavy metal elements, affecting the activity of soil microorganisms, etc.

Acidity (aluminum poisoning) and leanness (nutrient deficiency and low availability) of acidic yellow soils have become one of the main factors limiting agricultural production and affecting environmental quality.

The use of improved cultivated fertilizers in acidic yellow soils has always been an obstacle to the use of yellow soil resources.

Lime application is considered the most classic method to improve acidic soils and remove aluminum poisons. However, applying lime in large quantities or over a long period of time can not only cause soil compaction, but also cause disturbances in the balance of soil elements such as calcium, potassium and magnesium, and lead to a decrease in crop yields.

Dictyophora rubrovalvata M. Zang belongs to the family of Phallaceae and the genus Dictyophora. Not only rich in nutrients, delicious taste, but also with the efficacy of preventing and preventing many diseases, it is a kind of common medicine homogeneous edible bacteria.

But as the carrier of the development of rural revitalization industry, it has also faced problems from acid Pyongyang, which has seriously restricted its large-scale development.

Biomass charcoal is a carbon-rich solid product remaining after gas separation after high-temperature cracking (240-700°C) of biomass in the absence of oxygen or in a limited oxygen state. It is a soil-friendly soil amendment with the potential for exploitation. But because its raw material source is quite wide, then leads to the pore structure of the surface of biomass charcoal and the chemical composition is also different, and biomass charcoal itself has disadvantages such as non-polarity and weak selective adsorption, directly used to improve the effects of yellow soil acid is not obvious, so the modification of biomass charcoal is very necessary. It has been set up an application of modified biomass to improve acid yellow soil.

SUMMARY

On this basis, this invention has made it possible to improve the soil by cultivating acidic pylons and cultivating Dictyophora rubrovalvata. The soil improvement method of this invention has made it possible to improve the acidic yellow soil and to properly plant Dictyophora rubrovalvata, which has greatly improved the yield and quality of Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

The soil improvement method of this invention comprises the following steps:

(1) The soil is deeply plowed in spring, and then the land after deep plowing is dug to form intertwined gullies whose depth is 5 to 15 cm and width is 15 to 25 cm, with intervals of 40 to 50 cm between adjacent gullies; (2) Mix the raw soil dug by the trench with modified biomass charcoal and add it to the gullies described in step (1), and then fill the soil to bury and compact it; the modified biomass charcoal is prepared by oxidation, mercaptation and ammonia on the surface of the biomass charcoal; (3) Cover the gullies, after sieving in step (2), with sterilized plant straw and, finally, animal manure.

Preferably, the deep plowing depth described in step 1 is 30 to 40cm.

Preferably, the modified biomass charcoal described in step (2) comprises modifying the biomass charcoal using one or more of the following compounds: nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, thiosemicarbazed and polyethylene imine. Among the implementation examples, the method for preparing the modified biomass charcoal described in this invention is as follows:

Immersion of biomass char in nitric acid at a concentration of 67% by mass, liquid-solid ratio of 80, reaction temperature of 53°C and reaction time of 3h, filtering and drying to obtain nitric acid modified biomass char;

Or else,

Immersion of biomass charcoal in hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 30% by mass, the liquid/solid ratio is 60, the reaction temperature is 55°C, and the reaction time is 2.5h. A biomass charcoal modified by hydrogen peroxide is obtained after filtration and drying;

Or else,

A certain amount of biomass carbon modified by nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide will be measured, excess dichlorosulfoxide will be added and a few drops of N, N dimethylformamide (DMF) will be added, react at 55°C for 2.5h, filter and dry to obtain a semi-finished product, to be used.

Accurately weigh a certain amount of semi-finished products, add excess ethylenediamine solution, and add a few drops of DMF, at normal temperature reaction 2.5h, filtering and drying to obtain a kind of ethylenediamine modified biomass char;

Or else,

Mix the biomass charcoal and mixed acid (volume ratio, 98% sulfuric acid: 65% nitric acid =1:1), react using liquid-solid ratio 5, the temperature is 140°C for 4h, wait for the reaction to complete, filter and dry to obtain semi-finished products, to be used. Accurately weigh a certain amount of semi-finished products, add 2% (w/v) thiosemicarbazon, react at liquid-solid ratio 6.5, temperature 80°C and time 24h, at the end of the reaction, filter and dry to obtain a kind of thiolation modified biomass charcoal.

Or else,

Mix biomass charcoal and mixed acid (volume ratio, 98% sulfuric acid: 65% nitric acid =1:1), react using under the liquid-solid ratio 5, the temperature is 140 ° C for 4h, wait for the reaction to complete, filter and dry to obtain semi-finished products, to use. Accurately weigh a certain amount of semi-finished products, add 1% (w / v) polyethylene imine, in the liquid / solid ratio of 3.5, the temperature of 80 ° C and the reaction time of 24h, at the end of the reaction, filtered and dried to a modified polymer biomass charcoal.

Preferably, the mass ratio of raw soil to modified biomass charcoal of step (2) is 1:0.01 to 0.1.

Preferably, step (3) consists of covering the compacted ravine with 3 to 6 cm of sterilized vegetable straw, the straw being either pine needles or cultivated straw.

Preferably, step (3) covers the animal waste by first spraying an exterminator on the animal waste, then mix well and then coat the wet pile 48h-60h, the wet pile treatment should maintain the water content at 60-80%.

Preferably, the exterminator described is a 1000 times diluted insecticide.

Compared with current technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

The soil improvement method of the invention is to use one or more of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, thiosemicarbide and polyethylene imine to modify the surface of biomass charcoal. Then, the oxygenated functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, uronic group and oxygenated group increase on the surface of biomass charcoal, which forms a negative surface charge of biomass charcoal, thereby increasing the cation exchange force (CEC) capacity and thus its adsorption capacity. Mixing the modified biomass charcoal with virgin soil after trenching, applying in gullies, applying the buried and compacted soil and then covering the sterilized pine needles or crop straw, and applying animal waste on the plant straw, on the one hand, by covering it with the plant straw, it can achieve the insulation and hydration of the soil; On the other hand, animal waste improves soil fertility, and microorganisms present in animal waste can accelerate the rate of decomposition of plant straw.

Organic matter used as humus is applied to the soil and adsorbed by biomass charcoal in the soil, which increases soil fertility and further improves the soil.

The soil improvement method of this invention has improved the acidic yellow soil and made Dictyophora rubrovalvata suitable for planting, which has greatly improved the yield and quality of Dictyophora rubrovalvata.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

A more detailed description of the invention is given below in connection with the specific embodiments.

Implementation example 1

A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil. The steps are as follows: (1) Deep plowing of the soil about 33cm in spring, followed by trenching on the ground after deep plowing, forming crisscross gullies whose depth is 10cm and width is 15cm, with 40cm spacing between adjacent gullies; (2) Mixing the raw soil dug by the trench with nitric acid-modified biomass charcoal at a mass ratio of 1:0.03 and adding to the gully described in step (1), then filling the soil to bury and compact it; (3) (2) and consolidating the gully cover after sterilization cm thick,

Pinus or straw, leaves and needles finally animal droppings, including pretreatment of animal droppings the need for specific pretreatment against insects spa spray 1000 times in animal manure diluent gas, then mix Co extruded a pile of 48h, a pile of the need to maintain the water content in the process.

Implementation example 2

A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil. The steps are as follows:

(1) Deep plowing of the soil about 33cm in spring, followed by trenching on the ground after deep plowing, forming crisscross gullies whose depth is 8cm and width is 18cm, with intervals of 40cm between adjacent gullies; (2) Mixing the virgin soil dug by the trench with hydrogen peroxide-modified biomass charcoal at a mass ratio of 1:0.04 and adding to the gully described in step (1), then filling the soil to bury and compact it; (3) (2) and consolidating the gully cover after sterilization cm thick,

Pinus or straw, leaves and needles finally animal droppings, including pretreatment of animal droppings the need for specific pretreatment against insects spa spray 1000 times in animal manure diluent gas, then mix Co extruded a pile of 60h is boring and the need to maintain the water content within 70%.

Implementation example 3

A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil. The steps are as follows: (1) Deep plowing of the soil about 33cm in spring, followed by trenching on the ground after deep plowing, forming overlapping gullies, the depth of which is 10cm and the width is 15cm, with intervals of 45cm between adjacent gullies; (2) Mixing the raw soil dug by the trench with the biomass charcoal modified by ethylenediamine at a mass ratio of 1:0.02 and adding to the gully described in step (1), and then filling the soil to bury and compact it; (3) (2) and consolidate the cover ravines after 6 cm thick sterilization or straw crops leaves and needles, finally animal droppings, including pretreatment of animal droppings the need for specific pretreatment against insects spa spray 1000 times in animal manure diluent gas, then mix Co extruded a pile of 48h, a pile of the need to maintain the water content in the process.

Example execution 4

A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil. The steps are as follows: (1) Deep plowing of the soil about 33cm in spring, followed by trenching on the ground after deep plowing, forming crisscross gullies with a depth of 10cm and a width of 20cm, with 45cm between adjacent gullies; (2) Mixing the raw soil dug in the trench with the thiol-modified biomass charcoal at a mass ratio of 1:0.01 and adding to the gully described in step (1), then filling and burying and compacting; (3) in the gullies after step (2) stuffed covered with 3-6cm thick sterilized pine needles or crop straw, finally covered with animal waste, of which the animal waste must be pretreated first, the specific pretreatment way is first spray 1000 times dilution anti-insecticide on the animal waste, then mix well and roll the stifling pile 48h, The water content should be maintained at 80% during the treatment of the wet pile.

Example execution 5

A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil. The steps are as follows: (1) Deep plowing of the soil about 33cm in spring, followed by trenching on the ground after deep plowing, forming crisscross gullies with a depth of 10cm and a width of 20cm, with 45cm between adjacent gullies;

(2) Mix the raw soil dug by the trench with the polymer-modified biomass charcoal in a mass ratio of 1:0.01 and add to the gully described in step (1), then fill the soil to bury and compact it; (3) (2) and consolidate the gully cover after sterilization cm thick,

Pinus or straw, leaves and needles finally animal droppings, including pretreatment of animal droppings the need for specific pretreatment against insects spa spray 1000 times in animal manure diluent gas, then mix Co extruded a pile of 48h, a pile of the need to maintain the water content in the process.

The above implementation method was improved in March 2019 in an acidic Pyongyang (inside the large glasshouse Dictyophora rubrovalvata, Wantanhe Town Park Village, Qiangnan County, Guangdong Province).

Guizhou). Before and after its improvement, the soil pH, fertility, etc., are shown in Table 1. The aluminum morphology of the acid yellow soil before and after its improvement is shown in Table 2 (the test data described in Tables 1 and 2 are average values in the statistical sense).

Table 1: pH and nutrients of acidic yellow soils before and after improvement

Floor Before Example | Example | Example | Example | Example

Edit 1 2 3 4 5 my | 6 |6[|%|%]|#

Matter

Organic 23.59 90.45 64.54 128.35 74.52 98.45 (g/kg)

Alkaline nitrolysis (mg/kg) 48.57 41.46 55.19 30.10 45.18 40.10

Phosphorus 0.72 0.89 0.83 1.24 0.93 1.14 (g/kg)

Available phosphorus 3.06 6.87 5.55 6.54 6.45 6.72 (mg/kg)

Potassium 42.48 15.48 24.09 18.90 34.09 32.70 (g/kg)

Potassium 95.04 474.20 294.00 860.10 305.00 650.20 (mg/kg)

Table 2 Yield and quality evaluation of Dictyophora rubrovalvata

Floor Front | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5

Modification

GM production? 1,856.74 2,021.56 2,072.47 2,158.52 2178.37 2082.25

Sugar mg'g 1,326.23 410.6 412.15 418.79 416.83 396.33

Amino acid amino acid mg'(100 g)" ! 532.27 673.20 546.20 552.91 674.25 664.89

Crude Protein g (100g)! 14.89 17.11 15.36 18.89 22.39 18.69

It is important to clarify that the above list only concerns a few concrete examples of execution of the invention. Obviously, the invention is not limited to the above examples of execution, but may also have other deformations.

All distortions directly or indirectly derived from the public content of the invention by a technician in the field are considered to fall within the scope of the protection of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A soil improvement method for growing Dictyophora rubrovalvata in acidic yellow soil; its characteristics lie in, including the following steps: (1) the soil is deeply plowed in spring, and then the land after deep plow is dug to form intertwined gullies whose depth is 5 to 15cm and width is 15 to 25cm, with intervals of 40 to 50cm between adjacent gullies; (2) mixing the raw soil dug by the trench with modified biomass charcoal and adding it to the gullies described in step (1), and then filling the soil to bury and compact it; the modified biomass charcoal is prepared by oxidation, mercaptation and ammonia on the surface of the biomass charcoal; (3) covering the gullies, after sieving in step (2), with sterilized plant straw and, finally, animal manure. 2. According to the soil improvement method used for planting Dictyophora rubrovalvata according to claim 1, the characteristic lies in the fact that the plowing depth described in step 1 is 30 to 40cm. 3. According to the soil improvement method described in claim 1, the planting of Dictyophora rubrovalvata is characterized in that the modified biomass charcoal described in step (2) consists of modifying the biomass charcoal using one or more of the following elements: nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, ethylene diamine, thiosemicarboxylate and polyethylene imine. 4. According to the soil improvement method described in claim 1, cultivated in Dictyophora rubrovalvata, the mass ratio between the original soil and the modified biomass charcoal of step (2) is 1:0.01 to 0.1. 5. According to the soil improvement method used for planting Dictyophora rubrovalvata according to claim 1, the characteristic is that the step (3) consists of covering the compacted ravines with a thickness of 3 to 6 cm of sterilized vegetable straw, whether pine needles or cultivated straw. 6. According to the soil improvement method described in the application 1 of acidic yellow soil for planting Dictyophora rubrovalvata, its characteristic is that step (3) first sprayed an exterminator on the animal excrement when covering, then mixed well and covered with wet pile for 48h-60h; the water content should be maintained at 60-80% during the treatment of wet pile. 7. According to the soil improvement method described in claim 6 in which the acidic yellow soil has been planted with Dictyophora rubrovalvata, it is characterized in that the exterminating agent mentioned is a 1000 times more effective dilution.