AU2023201693B1

AU2023201693B1 - Vessel with minimum pressure wave

Info

Publication number: AU2023201693B1
Application number: AU2023201693A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Kwong Tse
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-03-19
Filing date: 2023-03-19
Publication date: 2023-10-05
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-19

Abstract

: A vessel design and construction includes a uniform or consistent cross-sectional hull from draught line to bottom and from bow to stem. Consistent cross-section built hull can have flat, round or pointed bottoms. Straight line hull from bow to stem under draught line brings outboard wave can pass over in a straight line along hull without any affects from vessel hull because of no horizontal curvature exist on hull from bow to stem under water. Present invention includes also a front inlet room on bow built from draught line on top, hulls on both sides and to bottom of vessel for collection of front water on vessel bow. Such front water coming into front inlet room is directed into at least one water tunnel built and run through whole vessel to a rear discharging room at stem for discharging. So, all front water coming to vessel running through water tunnels becomes momentum for vessel moving forward under power of propellers within water tunnels by engine of vessel. Wave water over draught line on bow would splash on top of protruded front inlet room and wash down to outboard of hull on both sides back to water surface. Present invention vessel design brings oncoming water diverted to outboard, into water tunnel or over roof top, either no affects to vessel or become momentum for vessel moving with minimum pressure wave.

Description

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Title of Invention

10011 Vessel with minimum pressure wave

Field of invention

10021 Present invention relates to a sailing vessel design or building may bring out new innovation about vessel with minimum pressure wave. More specifically, this vessel design may relate to improve any craft including ship, barge, feeder, ferry, cruiser, container-ship, or tanker sailing on water for increasing speed, fuel efficiency or reducing its sailing hydrodynamic wave resistances by introducing a new bow and propulsion running system design. More specifically, this vessel design may bring less running cost and faster speed related to a vessel or vessel sailing on water with minimum pressure wave by reforms of traditional bow and propulsion system.

Background of the invention 10031 Nearly all vessels or ships have their bows on front except those hydrofoils or catamarans, but vessels are the main means of transportation for goods and people between countries and continents, in which hydrofoils and catamaran cannot make a significant contribution. Bow of a vessel is prerequisite to build up a vessel, especially for those vessels travelling through seas and oceans but bow brings pressure and wave creating obstacles to sailing of vessel.

10041 In general, all vessel designers design their vessels' bows as sharp as possible in order to have the minimum bow front area to bring the least bow wave. Vessel designers also introduced bulbous bow, a protruding bulb at the bow or front of a vessel from bottom. The bulb modifies the way the water flows around the hull, reducing drag and thus increasing speed, range, fuel efficiency, and stability. Large vessels with bulbous bows generally have twelve to fifteen percent better fuel efficiency than similar vessels without them. Bulbous bow helps to some extent for performance of vessel but the bow is still there to affect a vessel sailing on sea seriously. Can a vessel built without a bow to eliminate most possible pressure wave resistance is a hard question to vessel designer?

10051 Bow of any kind to a vessel brings wave when it moves through the water created

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

pressure of all kinds. The size of the bow wave is a function of the speed of the vessel, its draft, surface waves, water depth, bow shape and total weight of vessel. Stem of a vessel creates same waves in a negative version as the bow. All waves around the vessel carry energy away from the vessel at the expense of its kinetic energy-they slow the vessel.

10061 As all ocean going vessels of bulk transportations of containers, mineral oars, oil or gas are coming bigger and bigger cost each vessel of huge running cost. For their economic running considerations, these vessels cannot bring out a reasonable speed for their sailing. The Geography of Transport Systems logged out a chart as below for vessel size from 4,000 to 10,000 TEU of their fuel consumption per day against their speed. It was found their fuel consumption varies according their size reasonably about doubled from 50 to 100 tons/day (100% increased) from smallest to biggest before 17 knots per hour. At 20 knots, the difference is 80-180 tons/day (125%). At 25 knots, it is 150-370 tons/day (147%). All giant vessels remain at slow speed for economical fuel running in trade off on expenditure of time. Giant vessel owner's huge investments are sluggishly trapped in slow speed running.

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intensity measures enter into force on 1 November 2022 as from 1 January 2023 it will be mandatory for all vessels to calculate their attained Energy Efficiency Existing Vessel Index (EEXI) to measure their energy efficiency and to initiate the collection of data for the reporting of their annual operational carbon intensity indicator (CII) and CII rating. The introduction of EEXI and CII measures falls under the Strategy's short-term measures which

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

commit IMO to a target of reducing carbon intensity of international shipping by 40% by 2030, compared to 2008. It is time for all vessel owners to take a good and clean fuel, and/or to have an innovation of vessel-design for economical and profitable running.

10081 Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the words "'comprise", "comprises" and "comprising" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or group of steps or elements. Any one of the terms: "including" or "which includes" or "that includes" as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others.

10091 Any discussion of the background art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such background art is prior art nor that such background art is widely known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the field in Australia or worldwide. All figures involved in drawing are functional schematic and not seeking strict proportions to each other or reality.

Object of the invention

[00101 Hence, it is an object of the present vessel design to produce an improved vessel design or shipbuilding topology to overcome or, at least, mitigate disadvantages associated with conventional vessel. More specifically, it is an object of the present vessel design to provide an improved vessel hull and propulsion design or shipbuilding topology serves in sailing performance for increasing sailing speed due to obsolete conventional vessel design. It is also an object of the present vessel design to provide a vessel design or shipbuilding topology of both increasing sailing speed and improving fuel consumption efficiency at the same time. More specifically, it is an object of present vessel design to provide a hull design modifying conventional bow in order to minimize water resistances arising from it. More specifically, it is an object of present vessel design to provide a hull design with water propelling system for improving of speed and efficiency by reducing of water resistance. As a minimum it is at least an object of the present vessel design to provide the public with a choice of a novel vessel or shipbuilding topology to be described hereinafter.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Summary of the invention

[00111 In view of the aforesaid objectives and according to the present invention, there provided a vessel with hull all around from draught line to bottom comprise a uniform or consistent cross sectional area from bow to stem. Present invention vessel design can have flat, round or V bottom but must be consistent in cross sectional area of no horizontal curvature below draught line from bow to stern. As all hulls around below draught line in present invention constitute straight line structure from bow to stem, water around hull should run in a straight line too when vessel design is sailing on water. Vessel sailing creates pressure wave damaging sailing speed by curvature of hull, therefore straight line hull vessel design eliminates pressure wave on outboard because present invention comprises no horizontal curvature on vessel hull from bow to stem below draught line.

[00121 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention provides vessel bow below draught line modified as a room opening on front of vessel for collecting of oncoming front water. Front water coming into front inlet room of present vessel design is directed into inlet of at least one water tunnel, pipe or duct going through whole vessel and discharged at stem. At least one propeller is included within each water tunnel. As propellers are driving water running through water tunnels from vessels bow to stem, momentum of running water brings vessel going onwards. As the front area of a vessel may be much larger than the total cross sectional area of water tunnels, the front inlet room should be sealed off by walls from the rest of the vessel in order to keep water not running into vessel intemal compartments except inlets. Walls of front inlet room may be caused another resistance negative to sailing performance of the vessel but is greatly offset by V shape design and running power of water by propellers.

[00131 Preferably, the water tunnels are straight through all the way from front inlet room to rear discharging room at stern built for discharging water. Propellers of vessel in water tunnels drive water run through whole vessel from bow to stem without any obstacles in between except propeller for propulsion. Detour of water tunnels is possible in case if necessary, but efficiency of fuel may be effect as straight line propulsion is the best to propel the vessel going forward.

[00141 Preferably, a roof top of front inlet room is right on or close to draught line which

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

should be the highest possible water level if vessel is fully loaded. Water below waterline is going into front inlet room as directed and discharged at stem. Wave water over waterline and draught line would fall on roof top of front inlet room and washed down to both sides of vessel, back on water surface. As a conclusion, all water coming in front of a sailing present invention vessel design is either passing away from both sides of vessel hull in straight line, running through water tunnels to stern working for propulsion or back to water surface from roof top, bringing minimum circumstances to create pressure wave damaging speed of vessel.

Brief description of the drawings

[00151 Preferred embodiments of the present design of a vessel with minimum pressure wave will be explained in more detail in the specific description below by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings or figures referring to each respective part of present design.

[00161 Fig. 1 to 6 shows how hull and bow of a vessel is the decisive factor for making pressure wave and resistance to a vessel. From Fig. 7 and onwards are drawings and descriptions for present invention. Fig. 1 shows a duck is swimming on water with long side waves. Fig. 2 shows a heavy container vessel with enormous pressure waves. Fig. 3 shows another container vessel on water with large tail pressure wave. Fig. 4 shows a boubous bulb on bow. Fig. 5 shows statistic figure about pressure around whole vessel in turning. Fig. 6 tank tests show the bow and stern are where the high pressures are.

[00171 Fig. 7 shows a bottom view of present invention example. Fig. 8 shows a side view of vessel design with front inlet and rear discharging rooms joined by a water tunnel working for propulsion in perspective view. Fig. 9 shows the floor plan of vessel on where two water tunnels are located with related arrangements.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Fig. 10 is an example of rim-driven propeller fitted within a water tunnel. Fig. 11 is the front view of an example of present invention design with three water tunnels. Fig. 12 is another example of present invention design with two water tunnels.

[00181 Fig. 13 shows the top view of Fig. 12 on vessel front part. Fig. 14 shows the side view of Fig. 13 on vessel front part. Fig. 15 shows front view of present invention with more water tunnels. Fig. 16 shows an adaptor turning a big round tunnel into two small round tunnels. Fig. 17 shows another adaptor turning a big round tunnel into two square or rectangular tunnels. Fig. 18 shows water running into a big water tunnel of present invention and then tuning into small tunnels by using of adaptor in a side view. Fig. 19 shows placement of small round water tunnels at stern for saving of usable spaces. Fig. 20 shows placement of small square water tunnels at stern for saving of usable spaces.

[00191 Fig. 21 shows construction of rear discharging room and is discharging water at stern. Fig. 22 shows restriction of boundary of rear discharging room in a side view. Fig. 23 shows a side view of present invention bow section facing a mild oncoming wave. Fig. 24 shows present invention bow section facing a big oncoming wave. Fig. 25 shows a protruded roof top of present invention on top of front inlet room for resisting oncoming big wave.

[00201 Fig. 26 shows overall present invention vessel front on a front view with two large and two small water tunnels in front inlet room. Fig. 27 shows water is running into four water tunnels of Fig. 26 by a top view on the front section between side hulls. Fig. 28 shows an overall side view of present invention vessel design with a perspective side view of the water tunnel entity after modification. Fig. 29 shows an elevated overall side view of present invention on hull around. Fig. 30 shows a simple application of present invention.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Detailed description of the drawings

[00211 While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the

mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one" and the word "plurality" means "one or more" unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein is solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

[00221 Fig. 1 shows figure of a duck is swimming on water. It likes a general vessel sailing on water brings widely spread waves on both right and left sides. A duck weights about 1 kilogram bringing its waves widely and strong, and extended a long way after it. This is because a duck has a blunt bow bringing extensive wave to its swinging on water.

[00231 Fig. 2 shows a heavy container vessel is sailing on water viewed on top. Strong turbulence waves come out in both right and left sides, and also bring tidal waves extending away from vessel. According the weight, size, shape, bow construction and speed, every vessel can produce waves bringing resistances from pressure, friction, skin, viscous, wave making, wave breaking and their interacting results of pressure.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

100241 Fig. 3 shows another example of container vessel brings smaller waves on both sides but big turbulence waves at tail. Vessel designers consider everything to eliminate waves comes with the vessel on sailing, but waves are inevitable with vessel when sailing on water if it has a bow.

[00251 Fig. 4 shows examples of a bulbous bulb on bow of a vessel. This bulbous design possibly saves 12-15 percent of its fuel efficiency. A sharp bow, energy saving propeller, air bubble lubrication on hull, nanotechnology fuel treatment, slippery and antifouling hull coating, and low speeding are all valuable consideration for vessel runners in relation to running their vessels efficiently.

[00261 Fig. 5 is a diagram extracted from Knowledge of Sea on page "Bank effect introduction". It said: "The problem in its most simplistic form is the boundary layer of water that surrounds a vessel when it is making headway. Forward of the pivot point a positive pressure area builds up whilst aft of the pivot point the flow of water down the vessel's side, creates a low pressure area. This area extends out from the vessel." It shows bow of a vessel is where high pressure launching even in a turning.

100271 Fig. 6 is extracted from special issue "Hydrodynamic Design of Vessels"-Ocean Engineering by Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). In the tank test, it shows pressure of vessel is mainly on bow and stern even it has taken a very sharp bow.

[00281 Referring to Fig. 7 shows a bottom view of present invention of vessel design. In embodiment of present invention vessel design 1 as an example comprises rectangular hull 2, bow 3, stem 4, deck 5 in broken line and vessel bottom 6. Vessel design 1 is sailing on water heading from bow 3 onwards. Hull 2 with rectangular bottom 6 constructing a long rectangular cube on bottom of design 1 is sailing on water with no horizontal curvature involved from bow to stern. Fig. 7 shows water in arrows around design 1 is going in a straight line brings out minimum wave because of no any horizontal curvature of hull 2 and bottom 6 involved. Straight line hull all around design brings minimum waves and resistances to the both sides and bottom of vessel in condition bow 3 of vessel would take in all oncoming water and not push out any water in sailing.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

100291 Referring to Fig. 8 shows a side view of present invention vessel design 1 includes deck 5 on top behind hull 2, straight bottom 6 on below and water line 7. Bow 3 of design 1 comes into two parts as lower bow 3 below or close to draught line 12 is a room for water inlet and upper bow 3 above draught line 12 remains as conventional vessel bow. Design 1 comprises example of any number of water tunnel 8, pipe, duct or any sealed conveyor for water running, lying just above bottom 6 from front inlet room 9 on lower bow 3 to rear discharging room 10 at stem 4 in perspective side view. As design 1 in Fig.6 and 7 hull 2 with front inlet room 9 and rear discharging room 10 below draught line is a rectangular cube hull of no horizontal curvature from bow to stem. Water line 7 is just on the top of both rooms. Lower bow 3 now turned into a front inlet room 9 includes a full opening between hulls for receiving of waters from vessel front and directed into water tunnel 8. Rear discharging room 10 is an open room situated at the end of water tunnel 8 on stern 4 of vessel in a reverse manner of front inlet room 9 for discharge of water for water tunnel 8. Position of water tunnel 8 can be as low as possible just over keel of vessel design 1 on vessel bottom 6, within double bottom or double hull, or any position appropriate but must under water. Rudder 11 is situated right behind water tunnel 8 in rear discharging room 10. Draught line 12 is shown on hull 2 as the highest possible position of waterline 7 if design 1 is fully loaded.

[00301 Referring to Fig. 8 again, upper bow 3 of design 1 above draught line 12 maintains as conventional vessel bow design or any appropriate design suitable for sailing on water. Lower bow 3 and hull 2 below draught line 12 is a rectangular cube design or any consistent cross-sectional shape from bow to stern appropriate for sailing vessel. It brings vessel hull from bow to stern in straight line structure all around with no horizontal curvature for any wave making. Front inlet room and rear discharging rooms include corresponding size and construction between them for water to run in and out through water tunnels in corresponding process under operation of propeller built within. Their corresponding size and process bring a smooth running of water with least pressure wave. Viscous and air resistances from vessel hull should remain the same as general conventional vessel. Vessel design 1 comprises at least one propeller 13 in each water tunnel 8 to supply propulsion to drive the vessel move forward by driving water from front inlet room 9 to rear discharging room 10. Water 14 on front of vessel 1 is going either

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

outboard of hull 2 or through water tunnels 8. Both ways for water running consists least curvature bringing the least possible resistance for vessel moving forward compare to conventional vessel with its conventional bow and hull.

[00311 Referring to Fig. 9, shows a floorplan on top view of design 1 from Fig. 7 and 8, whereas bottom 6 is in rectangular cube structure for an example embodiment of present invention in sailing. Vessel design 1 comprises two water tunnels 8 located on bottom 6 from front inlet room 9 to rear discharging room 10. The number of tunnels required depends on the equivalent size of vessel and designed speed looking for. In mid-section of design 1 or any appropriate location, there is an engine room 15 providing two engines 16 for propulsion power to drive design 1 move forward. Each water tunnel 8 comprises at least one propeller 13 within powered by its engine 16 to propel water 14 going from front inlet room 9 through to rear discharging room 10 as showed by arrows. The movement and discharging of water 14 constructs momentum of moving force to move design 1 to go onwards heading to front inlet room 9 as three black arrows showed. Engine 16 in engine room 15 and propeller 13 in water tunnel 8 are connected by shafts 18 with universal joints. Sealing from water leaking on walls, inlets, outlets, shafts and wherever necessary is required.

[00321 Referring to Fig. 9 again, water 14 in water tunnels 8 driven by engines and propellers forming water currents in their common direction driving design 1 going forward is the same operation mode as a convention vessel running its engine for sailing forward, but water now is restricted in collecting and discharging by propeller in water tunnels, not from everywhere and going everywhere as by conventional vessel propeller. There are no excess pressures from bow and stern, waves of any form caused by curvature of hull, and their interacting resistances. Speed of design 1 depends on the volume of water coming into front inlet room 9 per unit time by the function of total power of engine running. The amount of water entering from the bow is equal to the amount of water discharged at the stern, offsetting any possible stern dragging pressure. Viscous resistance and dragging of design 1 is coming from hull outside, on bottom, in rooms and tunnels only. It would bring a minimum resistance to the vessel sailing, thus would increase speed and fuel efficiency of design 1 comparing to conventional vessel.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

100331 Previous figures and descriptions are concerning major working principles of present invention whereas followings are fine adjustments for design 1 to carry out these principles more efficiently. Referring to Fig. 10, an example of rim-driven thruster/ propeller 17 or such kind propulsion can be used as the propeller of present invention. Such rim-thrust propeller is a novel type of electric propulsion unit for ships does not use a central hub for transmission of the driving torque. The ring holding blades constitutes the rotor of an electric motor and sits within a surrounding stator, which is also ring-shaped and creates the necessary torque. Rotor and stator are water tight and the whole unit can operates submerged. The advantages of rim-thrust propeller are no shaft, no gearbox needed, low noise performance, electric controlled, thus suitable and improving embodiment of present invention efficiently. Fig. 10 shows rim-thrust propeller 17 can be installed anywhere in mid-way of water tunnel 8 providing tunnel has to keep clear for water flowing through, leaking proof and securely mounted.

[00341 Fig. 11 and 12 are about arranging the positioning of water tunnels 8 for comparison of better loading capacity in cargo hold. They are front views of design 1 with flat bottom 6 and thick hull 2 for girders or doubled hull around. Fig. 11 shows design 1 comprises three water tunnels 8 under waterline 7 positioning horizontally in the middle of lower cargo hold. Seemingly, it is wasting of usable space for positions of water tunnels bringing small spaces around them difficult to design for cargo placement. Referring to Fig. 12, it shows two water tunnels 8 instead of three situated on two bottom comers right and left on vessel bottom. It is the best arrangement for saving spaces if two water tunnels bring enough power for vessel propulsion. Partition walls 19 is used for separating water coming into right and left water tunnels in front inlet room 9 and stop seepage of water into internal compartment. Draught line 12 is also the top ceiling of room 9 as the highest possible waterline level under design. This arrangement has the biggest usable space for cargo hold of vessel in present invention.

[00351 Referring to Fig. 13, shows a top view of front inlet room 9 with two water tunnels 8 on right and left corners on vessel bottom as from Fig. 12. Water tunnels 8 are closing to internal hull 2 as much as possible in order to have the biggest usable spaces for cargo hold. Walls 19 in between two water tunnels 8 built as a V-shape in front inlet room 9 pointing

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

towards lower bow 3 of design 1 for best fuel efficiency as a sharp bow. Water 14 in front inlet room 9 is running into two water tunnels 8 behind front inlet room 9 shown in broken lines by suction force of rim-thrust propellers 17. There is no limit to number and size of engine, propeller, or their kinds. Inlets 20 of water tunnels 8 are built as cutting on section of facing to center point of room 9 or center of their own region for the best water sucking result. In Fig. 13 front inlet room 9 is divided into two regions right and left for water running into two water tunnels 8. All elements of design 1 on bow or vessel front facing to oncoming water as hull 2, bottom 6, bow 3, walls 19 and top of front inlet room 9, inlets 20 of water tunnels 8 are made in sharp pointing shapes towards oncoming water for minimizing any possible bow pressure may occur, otherwise their combined effect may brings a blunt bow to vessel.

[00361 Referring to Fig. 14 shows a side view of Fig. 13 from water tunnel 8. Water 14 of black arrows is running into water tunnel 8 from inlet 20 in front inlet room 9. Top wall 19 of front inlet room 9 is built from draught line 12 of design 1 on vessel bow 3 to top of inlet 20. Water tunnel 8 is placed close to vessel bottom 6 as much as possible for saving of spaces. Each inlet 20 is facing to center point of its region by a section cutting in front inlet room 9 for their best result of water suction. Water tunnel 8 and rim propeller 17 are shown in broken lines as parts behind front inlet room 9. There is no convex curvature on walls all around front water collecting room facing to vessel bow.

[00371 Referring to Fig. 15 shows more placement option of water tunnels in case of two big water tunnels 8 on comers are not sufficient for vessel propulsion. Two small water tunnels 21 or one large water tunnel 8 in broken line on the middle position are the possible choices. Any additional water tunnels in mid-section is trading off of usable space of cargo hold. It is required to have a solution to minimize the loss of usable space if it cannot be avoided.

[00381 Referring to Fig. 16, shows an example of adaptor 22 used to turn a bigger circular tube into two small circular tubes. This is a common plumber shunt for water supply made of PVC-a tough chemically resistant synthetic resin, concrete or metal. Fig. 17 shows another example of similar adaptor 22 but turning a bigger circular tube into two smaller square or rectangular tubes. These adaptors or similar elements can be used for

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

saving of usable spaces as converting bulky and obstructive size of water tunnel to handy. An adaptor is a solution for saving of usable spaces required for present invention design whereas propeller in water tunnel for propulsion must be big and circularly in running.

[00391 Referring to Fig. 18, shows the side view of water tunnel 8 used with adaptor 22. Water 14 comes into water tunnel 8 from inlet 20 by operation of rim propeller 17 and is diverted into two or any appropriate number of smaller water tunnels 21 by using adaptor 22 in between. Referring to Fig. 19 shows a back view of rear discharging room 10. Water comes through a number of smaller water tunnels 21 than three large tunnels in broken line on a line lying on floor of cargo hold to stem in room 10 for discharging, leaving more usable spaces for cargo hold on their tops. Referring to Fig. 20 shows water is tuning into smaller square, rectangular or special cut water tunnels 21 from large circular tunnels giving a better result of saving more usable spaces. There is no limit on numbers, size, shape, permutation and stacking for these smaller water tunnels. These small water tunnels can be hided within girders, double hull or double bottom too if possible and necessary for more usable spaces.

[00401 Referring to Fig. 21 a perspective side view of design 1 on stern, small water tunnels 21 are discharging water by propulsion of propellers within water tunnels into rear discharging room 10 from outlet 23 along walls 19 all around. Size of rear discharging room 10 should be from draught line 12 on the top and all around vessel hull down to bottom same as front inlet room 9 but in a reverse manner. If size of room 10 is smaller than these boundaries as wall 24 built lower than waterline 7 in Fig. 22, turbulence wave 25 on stern may come up and follow vessel causing continuous resistance as conventional vessels in Fig. 3 and 6. Rudder or rudders 11 are built in appropriate position of rear discharging room 10. It is possible to omit rudder in present invention vessel design by controlling the difference of propulsion upon water tunnels on right and left as a consideration of saving or streamlining. There is no convex curvature on walls all around rear water discharging room facing to vessel stem.

[00411 Referring to Fig. 23 shows in side view a small wave 26 is coming up to upper bow 3 and front inlet room 9 of present invention vessel as sailing on sea. Oncoming wave

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

26 from crest to trough would smash over upper bow 3 or directed into front inlet room 9 below draught line. The continuous frontal smashing of wave 26 on upper bow 3 may create pressure wave to vessel sailing, thus results loss of energy. Referring to Fig. 24 shows high wave 26 is coming up on vessel bow 3 with a big high crest and low trough. Force of wave 26 would keep on pounding upper bow 3 creating a continuous resistance of vessel on sailing. Furthermore, heavy pounding of wave may cause vessel difficult to drive under yawing, rolling and pitching of vessel. Resistances from these awful wave appearances may be minimized by further modification of present invention.

[00421 Referring to Fig. 25 shows further modification of present invention to resist high wave if it is required or for further minimizing resistance of sea wave. Roof top of front inlet room 9 is stretched out at the mid-front intersection right on or close to draught line 12 as a V shaped nose point 28. Upper bow 3 in broken line is drawn back to a new bow 27 from its original position. This modification brings an adequate longer distance from nose point 28 to vessel new bow 27 than before and from which wave crest 26 is harder to reach and pound on. The stretched out V nose point 28 as a part of vessel bow also brings a better vessel nose for front inlet room 9 to resist oncoming wave. Front inlet room 9 comprises a roof top ridge line 29 starts from nose point 28 to vessel new bow 27 meeting at a point higher than draught line 12 and tilt to draught line on both sides of hull. Water comes on vessel front over draught line 12 would be splashing onto right and left sides of ridge line 29 and washed down to both sides of hull bringing minimum resistance to vessel. Water washed to outboard of vessel comes down on surface of waterline does not construct any continuous wave to vessel sailing. Structure of roof top of room 9 should be strong enough to stand for the weight of splashing wave water.

[00431 Referring to Fig. 26 shows a front view from Fig. 25 of present invention vessel design 1 as an example after series of modifications. Vessel design 1 comprises vessel new bow 27 with ridge line 29 to nose point 28 in a straight line from deck 5 to roof top of front inlet room 9 on front view. Front inlet room 9 includes four water tunnels within with different sizes separated into three regions by two dividing lines 30. Water on vessel front under draught line 12 would be sucked into front inlet room 9 and then into water tunnels 8 and 21 by propulsion of propellers within and discharged from stern of

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

vessel giving a momentum of forward motion to move vessel design 1. Wave water over draught line 12 would be separated by ridge line 29 and splashed on both sides of it, then run down to outboard of hull 2 back to surface of water. Draught line 12 is the highest level of waterline 7 which cannot lower than top of all water tunnels in sailing of vessel as the second waterline 7 showed in Fig. 26, otherwise suction of water interrupted.

[00441 Referring to Fig. 27 shows a top view from Fig. 26 on the front inlet room 9 with related parts behind. Front inlet room 9 comprises four water tunnels 8 and 21 facing vessel lower bow 3 on their inlets 20. Water 14 showed in black arrows on vessel lower bow 3 between hull 2 all around and under roof top of front inlet room 9 is sucked into water tunnels from their inlets 20 by propulsion of propellers 17. Front inlet room 9 is divided into three regions for facilitating running of water by construction of V shapes for every 2 partition walls 19 at dividing line 30. All parts behind front inlet room 9 are shown in broken lines. Water 14 on outboard of hull 2 is running freely without any resistance created by vessel design 1, and water 14 into front inlet room 9 is sucked by water tunnels of vessel design 1 building up propulsion for vessel with minimum resistance to vessel. Vessel bottom of lower bow 3 also comprises a point V front facilitate running of water and minimize any possible resistance.

[00451 Referring to Fig. 28 shows an overall side view of example present invention vessel design 1 comprises new bow 27, deck 5 behind hull 2 and draught line 12. Hull 2 from draught line to bottom is a rectangular cube or any consistent cross-section without any curvature from bow to stem. In perspective side view, water under waterline 7 is sucking into front inlet room 9 and then into a number of water tunnels 8 by rim-driven propellers 17 or any propellers within. In Fig. 28, water tunnel 8 has two propellers 17 for operating propulsion power for vessel moving forward. By using of adaptor 22, water tunnel 8 is turning into smaller tunnels 21 to delivery water in order to have the biggest usable capacity in cargo hold. Water coming on front of vessel 1 under draught line 12 run through large and small tunnels will discharge from rear discharging room 10 at stem providing propulsion for vessel moving forward. Wave water over draught line 12 would be cut by the V-shape roof top of front inlet room 9 and splash on top of it and then wash to both sides outboard of hull. Water coming on outside of front inlet room 9 would be passing over along hull in a straight line with minimum dragging and pressure. This

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

oncoming water either becomes momentum of present invention vessel or passes over with minimum contact to bow of vessel, thus reducing pressure wave to minimum. Foremast, bridge and anchor of vessel design 1 are shown in figure as general equipment.

[00461 Referring to Fig. 29 shows an elevated side view on hull of whole vessel design 1. Hull 2 all around over draught line 12 is conventional and hull 2 below draught line 12 is consistent in cross-section. Fig. 29 shows an example of rectangular cube hull under draught line 12 to embodiment present invention whereas it can be replaced by uniform round or V shape bottom but placement of water tunnels would be re-arranged for best usable capacity of cargo hold. As it is in uniform shape of hull under water of no horizontal curvature from bow to stem create wave, water running outside hull is directly passing over vessel with no pressure effects caused from vessel. Water before vessel is running into vessel water tunnels becomes momentum of vessel to drive vessel forward under power of propellers, or splash over front inlet room roof top and back to outboard water. Present invention vessel design may reduce greatly sailing pressure wave caused by conventional vessel hull to a minimum.

[00471 Referring to Fig. 30, shows another simple application example to embodiment of present invention vessel design. Design 1 with hull 2 comprises water tunnel 8 attached under bottom 6, not within hull as previous example. Rim-thrust propeller 17 is installed on the inlet 20 of water tunnel 8 and also on the front end of adaptor 22. This element brings inlet, rim-thrust propeller and adaptor together as one grouped unit to drive water. Water is coming into inlet 20 by working of propeller 17 and through the adaptor running into large or small water tunnels 8 or 21 then discharged from outlet 23 on stem 4. It can have a water collection cap cover 31, similar to front inlet room 9 in previous figures to help collecting water. Similar cap cover on outlet 23 help for discharging water at stern is possible if necessary. On consideration of a simplest application, example may comprise only one water tunnel attached on vessel bottom 6 with no cover, or with cover on bow, or covers on both bow and stem if necessary. The number of tunnels required depends on the equivalent size of vessel and designed speed looking for. This example works great for vessel designer as section to put on a designing vessel from water tunnels, consistent cross-sectional hull, protruded roof top, front inlet and rear discharging rooms, grouped unit of inlet, rim-thrust propeller and adaptor, as every element can be considered independently or amalgamated

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

for choice of level about target design building or retrofitting a vessel.

List of Numbers

[00481 1/Vessel design, 2/hull, 3/upper or lower bow, 4/stem, 5/deck, 6/vessel bottom, 7/waterline, 8/water tunnel, 9/front inlet room, 10/rear discharging room, 11/rudder, 12/draught line, 13/propeller, 14/water, 15/engine room, 16/engine, 17/rim-driven thruster/propeller, 18/shaft, 19/partition walls, 20/inlets, 21/small water tunnel, 22/adaptor, 23/outlet, 24/wall of rear room, 25/turbulence wave, 26/wave coming to bow, 27/new bow, 28/V nose point, 29/ridge line, 30/ dividing line for partition walls, 31/cap cover.

Recitation Effect of bow hull forms on the resistance performance in calm water and waves for 66k DWT bulk carrier (International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Volume 11, Issue 2, July 2019, Pages 723-735)

Wikipedia-Rim-driven thruster Wikipedia- bulbous bow

The Contact Patch-M1620 vessels makes wave

The Geography of Transport Systems- Fuel Consumption and Fuel Efficiency

Interpretation Embodiments: Reference throughout this specification to "embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Similarly it should be appreciated that in the above description of example embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

Different Instances of Objects As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

Specific Details In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Scope of Invention Thus, while there has been described what are believed to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that other and further modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. For example, any formulas given above are merely representative of procedures that may be used. Functionality may be added or deleted from the block diagrams and operations may be interchanged among functional blocks. Steps may be added or deleted to methods described within the scope of the present invention. Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Industrial Applicability It is apparent from the above, that the arrangements described are applicable to the vessel design and manufacturing industries.

Claims

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

Application number: 2023201693 Applicant: Kwong Wang Tse Date of respond: 31/08/2023

Claims: 1/ A minimum pressure wave vessel includes a vessel hull comprising improvement of conventional hull structure by a front water collecting room, a rear water discharging room and water transmission apparatus between two rooms with adaptor, V shape protruded roof and therein, -said vessel hull includes a consistent cross sectional area of no horizontal curvature below draught line from bow to stem, -said front water collecting room includes all cross sectional area on bow surrounded by hull of no convex curvature facing to vessel bow below draught line with an opening at front for collecting water oncoming from bow and passing to stem. -said rear water discharging room includes all cross sectional area on stern surrounded by hull of no convex curvature facing to vessel stern below draught line with an opening at back for discharging water collected from bow. -said water transmission apparatus in flexible number includes corresponding size and shape for delivering water between two said rooms with maximum capacity of cargo hold. -said adaptor built between propeller and said water transmission apparatus used to transforming water from circular shape of propeller running into size and shape adaptable to their positions in vessel for maximum capacity of cargo hold. -said V shape protruded roof built on top of said front water colleting room above draught line and before vessel bow.

2/ The minimum pressure wave vessel according to claim 1, wherein the said front water collecting room includes at least one group unit comprising a water inlet, an adaptor and a rim propeller in between to provide adequate propulsion for said vessel to drive all water collecting from bow front to inlet within consistent cross-sectional hull, then into adaptor and water transmission apparatus, and to rear water discharging room for discharging.

3/ The minimum pressure wave vessel according to claim 1, wherein the said V shape protruded roof top on front water collecting room above draught line pointing to front includes a roof ridge line from nose mid-front to vessel bow over draught line at a point higher than nose point and tilt to draught lines on both sides for avoiding direct impacts by oncoming waves to bow above draught line.

4/ The minimum pressure wave vessel according to claim 1, wherein the said front water

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse

collecting room with all elements of vessel hull and protruded roof includes sharp edges pointing to front for eliminating pressure wave to vessel.

5/ The minimum pressure wave vessel according to claim 1, wherein the said adaptor includes a circular inlet big enough to cover the propeller for driving all water from bow front into smaller outlets of any flexible number more than one of various cross-sectional size and shape correspond and connecting to flexible number, various size and shape of the transmission apparatus for water delivery.

6/ The minimum pressure wave vessel according to claim 1, wherein the said front water collecting room, rear water discharging room, adaptor and water transmission apparatus in between are installed on bottom inside vessel or attached outside of vessel bottom in option for delivering water from vessel bow to stern.

[Vessel with minimum pressure wave] Kwong Tse 24 Jul 2023

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