AU2023282329B2

AU2023282329B2 - Corrugated fiberboard material

Info

Publication number: AU2023282329B2
Application number: AU2023282329A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Go BANZASHI; Yusei KAWANAMI; Shohei Sanada; So Sato; Shunsuke Shioda; Takamichi Yamaguchi
Original assignee: Oji Holdings Corp
Current assignee: Oji Holdings Corp
Priority date: 2020-03-31
Filing date: 2023-12-15
Publication date: 2025-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-30
Also published as: AU2023282329A1; KR102861890B1; KR102862442B1; KR20240000628A; MY209864A; KR20240000629A; KR20220154811A; WO2021200988A1; AU2021249695B2; AU2021249695A1

Abstract

A corrugated cardboard material (1) is a corrugated cardboard material including a cardboard including a liner attached to a medium, wherein an amount of a sizing agent added to the liner is 0.2 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or 5 less, an amount of a paper strength agent added to the liner is 0.1 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or less, a length mean fiber length of pulp fibers constituting the liner is 0.90 [mm] or more and 1.55 [mm] or less, and an amount of fine fibers having a fiber length of 0.0 [mm] or more and 0.2 [mm] or less included in the pulp fibers constituting the liner is 23 [%] or more and 48 [%] or less. 10

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION 15 Dec 2023

CORRUGATED CORRUGATED FIBERBOARD FIBERBOARD MATERIAL MATERIAL

5 5 TECHNICALFIELD TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001]

[0001] Thepresent The present invention invention relates relates tocorrugated to a a corrugated cardboard cardboard material. material.

BACKGROUNDART BACKGROUND ART

[0002] 2023282329

10 10 [0002] A corrugated A corrugated cardboard cardboard material material folded folded zigzag zigzag (also called (also called “fan-folded”) "fan-folded") is is known asaamaterial known as material for for making boxes. making boxes.

The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialisis provided provided with with creases between creases between

continuousrectangular continuous rectangular sheets, sheets, and and the sheets the sheets are alternately are alternately folded folded back atback the at the 15 15 creases.InInsuch creases. sucha a fan-folded fan-folded corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material, material, the continuous the continuous sheets are sheets are

vertically stacked vertically andfolded stacked and folded intoa a into packaging packaging style style of aof a rectangular rectangular parallelepiped. parallelepiped.

[0003]

[0003] A folding A folding apparatus apparatus for for producing producing aforementioned corrugatedcardboard aforementioned corrugated cardboard materialsfolded materials foldedzigzag zigzag includes includes a folding a folding partpart for for alternately alternately folding folding backback continuous continuous

20 20 sheetsatatcreases, sheets creases, and and a stacking a stacking partpart for for stacking stacking the folded the folded sheets sheets (see (see Patent Patent Literature Literature 11 below, below,for forexample). example). In In order to assure order to assurethethestability stability and andthe theregularity regularityofofthe thepackaging packaging style style of of

produced produced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materials, materials, it is desirable it is desirable that sheets that sheets which are which are

continuousviaviacreases continuous creases are are folded folded by stacking by the the stacking part part so as so to as toincome come in contact contact with with 25 25 each other each other without without spaces therebetween. spaces therebetween.

[0004]

[0004] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialdescribed describedabove aboveisisused usedasasa apackaging packaging material in material box-making system inaabox-making (also called system (also called “automated packagingsystem", "automated packaging system”,"three “three sides variable sides variable system”, system", “three "threesides sidesautomated automated packaging”, packaging", “on "on demand packaging”, demand packaging",

30 30 etc.) that etc.) that manufactures boxes manufactures boxes having having optimum optimum sizes according sizes according to the to the sizes of sizes objectsofto objects to be packaged. be packaged.The Thebox-making box-making system system performs performs various various steps steps illustratedbelow illustrated below (see (see

Patent Literature2 2below). Patent Literature below). - Feeding - step:A A Feeding step: step step that that feeds feeds the the fan-folded fan-folded corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial

- Cutting - step: AAstep Cutting step: stepthat thatcuts cutsthe theflat flat corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material fedthe fed in in the 35 35 feeding step feeding step - Folding - Folding step: step:AAstep stepthat assembles that assembles boxes boxes from from the the corrugated corrugated cardboard material cardboard material

cut in cut in the the cutting cutting step step

- Printing - Printing step: step: A step that A step that performs performs printingonon printing thethe flatororassembled flat assembled corrugated corrugated

cardboardmaterial cardboard material 40 40 - Packing - Packing step: step: A A step step that thatpacks packscontents contentsininthe assembled the assembled boxes boxes

PRIOR PRIOR ART ART DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS 1

PATENT LITERATURE

[0005] 29 Sep 2025

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2015-509473 5 Patent Literature 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication (Translation of PCT Application) No. 2013-513869 Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field. 2023282329

10

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0006] However, there may be a space between sheets which are continuous via a crease (“the creases open”) depending on the properties of a corrugated cardboard 15 material used, which may lead to insufficiency of the property of keeping the folded state of the sheets at the crease (folding retention ability). This may result in insufficiency of the stability and the regularity of the packaging style. Additionally, there may be cases where a damage (crease crack) is likely to occur at the portions of the creases when sheets are folded back at the creases depending on the properties of a 20 corrugated cardboard material used. Further, when a corrugated cardboard material provided with creases such as a corrugated cardboard material folded zigzag is used as the material in a box-making system, there is a possibility that rips (damage) are likely to occur in produced boxes depending on the properties of sheets used in the corrugated cardboard material. Further, a corrugated cardboard material provided with 25 creases such as a corrugated cardboard material folded zigzag, there may be a possibility that rips (crease cracks) are likely to occur at the portions of the creases depending on the properties of sheets used in the corrugated cardboard material. The present disclosure has been conceived in view of the above problems, and one object thereof is to assure the folding retention ability as well as suppressing crease 30 cracks at the same time. Additionally, one object thereof is to suppress rips (damage) of a box manufactured using a corrugated cardboard material. Further, one object thereof is to suppress crease cracks at the portions of creases. However, the objects of the present disclosure are not limited to these, and may also be regarded as to yield actions and effects that are derived from each configuration described in the following 35 “DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS” and that cannot be obtained by the conventional techniques.

[0007] (1) A corrugated cardboard material disclosed herein is a corrugated cardboard material including a cardboard including a liner attached to a medium. In this corrugated 40 cardboard material, a dynamic viscoelasticity measured on a measurement piece cut out from the liner in a tensile shear mode of a vibration condition of a frequency of 100

[Hz] under a temperature condition of 25 [C] is within a predetermined range, and the dynamic viscoelasticity is defined by a value of an elastic modulus E' and a value of 29 Sep 2025

tan which is a ratio of a loss elastic modulus E'' to the elastic modulus E'. The predetermined range includes: the elastic modulus E' of 1.00  109 [Mpa] or more and 5 8.00  109 [Mpa] or less, and the tan of 2.50  10-2 or more and 1.50  10-1 or less.

[0008] (2) Further, a corrugated cardboard material disclosed herein is a corrugated cardboard material including a cardboard including a liner attached to a medium. In the present corrugated cardboard material, an amount of a sizing agent added to the liner is 2023282329

10 0.2 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or less, an amount of a paper strength agent added to the liner is 0.1 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or less, a length mean fiber length of pulp fibers constituting the liner is 0.90 [mm] or more and 1.55 [mm] or less, an amount of fine fibers having a fiber length of 0.0 [mm] or more and 0.2 [mm] or less included in the pulp fibers constituting the liner is 23 [%] or 15 more and 48 [%] or less.

[0009] (3) Further, a corrugated cardboard material disclosed herein is a corrugated cardboard material including a cardboard including a liner attached to a medium. In the present corrugated cardboard material, a density of the liner is 0.60 [g/cm 3] or more and 20 0.85 [g/cm3] or less, a length mean fiber length of pulp fibers constituting the liner is 0.98 [mm] or more and 1.55 [mm] or less, an amount of fine fibers having a fiber length of 0.0 [mm] or more and 0.2 [mm] or less included in the pulp fibers constituting the liner is 15 [%] or more and 38 [%] or less.

25 EFFECTS OF INVENTION

[0010] (1) According to the present disclosure, it is possible to assure the folding retention ability and suppress crease cracks at the same time. (2) According to the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress damage of a 30 box manufactured using a corrugated cardboard material. (3) According to the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress crease cracks at the portions of creases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 35 [0011]

[FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a corrugated cardboard material folded zigzag.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is an illustrative view for describing a folding mechanism.

[FIG. 3A] FIG. 3A is an illustrative view illustrating the packaging style of a 40 corrugated cardboard material folded zigzag, which is a good packaging style.

[FIG. 3B]

[FIG. 3B]FIG. FIG.3B3B is is anan illustrativeview illustrative viewillustrating illustratingthe thepackaging packaging style style of of a a corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material folded folded zigzag, zigzag, which which is a is a bad bad packaging packaging style. style. 15 Dec 2023

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF OF EMBODIMENTS EMBODIMENTS 5 5 [0012]

[0012] Hereinafter, Hereinafter, aa corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material asas an an embodiment will be embodiment will be described. described. Thecorrugated The corrugated cardboard cardboard material material primarily primarily exemplified exemplified in the in the present present

embodiment embodiment isisa amaterial material for for making boxesand making boxes andisisfolded folded zigzag zigzag inin which which rectangular rectangular 2023282329

10 10 sheets in sheets in aa continuous continuous corrugated corrugated cardboard are folded. cardboard are folded. As As the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material, aadouble-faced material, double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard having liners cardboard having liners on on both both sides sides of ofa amedium medium

is used. is used.

[0013]

[0013] The above The abovedouble-faced double-facedcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard maymay be, be, as well as well as as a corrugated a corrugated 15 15 cardboard cardboard with with a single a single wall wall constituted constituted by three by three basebase papers papers (materials) (materials) corresponding corresponding

to one to medium one medium and and two liners, two liners, a corrugated a corrugated cardboard cardboard with a multi-wall with a multi-wall constituted constituted by by five or five ormore more base base papers correspondingtoto three papers corresponding three or or more mediums more mediums andand twotwo liners,such liners, such as aa so-called as “double so-called"double wall wall corrugated corrugated cardboard” cardboard" or “triple or "triple wall wall corrugated corrugated cardboard”. cardboard".

In In the the present present embodiment, embodiment, aa corrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialformed formedofofaadouble-faced double-faced 20 20 corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboardwithwith a single a single wall wall is primarily is primarily exemplified. exemplified.

[0014]

[0014] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialisis formed formedintointo boxes boxes toto become corrugated become corrugated cardboard cardboard boxes. boxes. Specifically, Specifically, thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial used as used as a material a material for for making boxesininaa box-making making boxes box-makingsystemsystem is is formed formed intothe into thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard boxes boxes 25 25 throughvarious through various steps steps such such as aas a feeding feeding step step that feeds that feeds sheets sheets in sequence, in sequence, a cuttinga cutting

step that step that cuts cuts the thefed fedsheets sheets intoa adevelopment into development pattern pattern of a abox, of a box, a folding folding step that step that

folds the folds the sheets sheets into intoa aboxboxshape. shape.The The box-making systemfor box-making system for assembling assemblingcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard boxes boxes is not is not particularly particularly limited, limited, butbut maymay be, example, be, for for example, a fully a fully automated automated

system suchasas"CartonWrap system such “CartonWrap 1000 1000 manufactured manufactured by CMC by CMC machinery”, machinery", “CVP-500 "CVP-500 30 30 manufacturedbybyNeopost", manufactured Neopost”,and and “TXP-600 "TXP-600 manufactured manufactured by OsbyMachinery", Os Machinery”, or a or a semi- semi- automatedsystem automated system such such as as “EM7 "EM7 manufactured manufactured by Packsize”, by Packsize", and “Compack and "Compack

manufacturedbybyPanotec". manufactured Panotec”.

[0015]

The present The presentembodiment embodiment illustrates the illustrates the correspondence correspondenceofofthe thefollowing following 35 35 directions II and directions II as and Il shown as shown inin Table Table 1 below, 1 below, and and assumes assumes that thethat the corrugated corrugated

cardboard cardboard material material is is placed placed onhorizontal on a a horizontal plane. plane.

- Direction - I: AA direction Direction I: direction in in the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard placed placed onhorizontal on the the horizontal plane plane

- Direction - II: AA direction Direction II: direction in inaa semi-finished productininthe semi-finished product themiddle middleof of manufacturing manufacturing the the corrugated cardboardmaterial corrugated cardboard material 40 40 [0016]

[0016]

4

[Table1]

[Table 1] Direction Direction II Direction Direction IIII 15 Dec 2023

Longitudinal Direction Longitudinal Direction CD Direction CD Direction

Lateral Direction Lateral Direction MD Direction MD Direction

Height Direction Height Direction TDDirection TD Direction

[0017]

[0017] longitudinal direction A longitudinal A direction (first (first direction, direction,indicated indicated by by “CD” in the "CD" in thedrawings) drawings)andand a a

lateral direction lateral direction (second direction,indicated (second direction, indicatedbyby “MD” "MD" in the in the drawings) drawings) are are each each 5 5 horizontal and horizontal and each extend along each extend along aa plane plane that that contains contains sheets sheets (creases). (creases). These These 2023282329

longitudinal and longitudinal andlateral lateraldirections directionsareareorthogonal orthogonalto to each each other. other. A height A height direction direction (third (third

direction, indicated direction, by"TD" indicated by “TD”ininthe thedrawings) drawings)is is vertical vertical and and is is orthogonal orthogonal to both to both the the

longitudinal direction longitudinal direction and andthe thelateral lateraldirection. direction.This Thisheight heightdirection directioncorresponds corresponds to the to the

direction in direction in which thesheets which the sheets are are stacked. stacked.

10 10 [0018]

[0018] TheMDMD The (Machine (Machine Direction) Direction) direction direction is also is also referred referred to as to as a “flow a "flow direction”, direction",

andisis aa direction and directionin in which whicha amanufacturing manufacturing process process of theofcorrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard

material progresses material from an progresses from an upstream upstreamside sideto to aa downstream downstream side.The side. TheCDCD (Cross (Cross

Direction) direction is Direction) direction is orthogonal orthogonaltotothe theMDMD direction direction in ainplane a plane thatthat extends extends alongalong the the 15 15 MD direction.The MD direction. TheTD TD (Transverse (Transverse Direction) Direction) direction direction is orthogonal is orthogonal to bothto both the MD the MD

direction and direction andthetheCDCD direction. direction.

Unless otherwise Unless otherwise specified, specified, thethe expression expression “numerical "numerical value Xvalue X to numerical to numerical

value Y" value Y” in in the thepresent presentembodiment means embodiment means a range a range of of thethenumerical numericalvalue valueX Xorormore more andthe and thenumerical numerical value value Y orY less. or less. 20 20 [0019]

[0019]

[I. One

[I. One Embodiment] Embodiment]

In In one one embodiment embodiment below, below,thetheconfiguration configurationof of the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard

materialwill material will be describedininitems be described items [1]and

[1] and [2].Item

[2]. Item [1]describes

[1] describes a structure a structure (hereinafter (hereinafter

referred to referred to as as"folded “foldedstructure") structure”)ininwhich whichthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material is folded. is folded.

25 25 Item [2] describes Item [2] parameters describes parameters related related to properties to properties of sheets of sheets (corrugated (corrugated cardboard cardboard

sheets)used sheets) used forforthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material. material.

Finally, Finally, thethe actions andeffects actions and effectsderived derived from from thethe configurations configurations of items of items [1] and

[1] and

[2]

[2] will will be described be described in item in item [3]. [3].

[0020]

[0020] 30 30 [1.

[1. Folded Structure] Folded Structure]

Asillustrated As illustrated in in FIG. 1, aa corrugated FIG. 1, corrugatedcardboard cardboard material material 1 is 1used is used for making for making

boxesand boxes andis is shaped shaped intointo a rectangular a rectangular parallelepiped. parallelepiped.

In In the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1, continuous 1, continuous rectangular rectangular sheets sheets 2 (only 2 (only

someofofwhich some which areare denoted denoted by reference by reference signs signs in FIG.in1)FIG. 1) are back are folded folded at back at Fcreases F creases

35 35 (only someofofwhich (only some which areare denoted denoted by reference by reference signs signs in FIG.in1)FIG. 1) and and the thesheets folded folded2 sheets 2 are stackedininthe are stacked theheight heightdirection. direction.

5

In In the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded by such by such a manner, a manner, the multiple the multiple

creasesF Feach creases each extend extend straightly straightly along along the longitudinal the longitudinal direction direction on aof on a pair pair of faces side side faces 15 Dec 2023

that extend that alongboth extend along both thethe longitudinal longitudinal direction direction and and the height the height direction. direction.

[0021]

[0021] 5 5 By focusingonon By focusing three three consecutive consecutive sheets sheets 2 (indicated 2 (indicated by two-dot by two-dot chaininlines in chain lines

FIG. 1), the FIG. 1), the folded foldedstructure structureofofthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 will1 now will be now be described. described.

-- First First sheet 21: AAsheet sheet 21: sheet2 2continuous continuouswithwith one one side side of a of a second second sheet 22 sheet 22

-- Second sheet Second sheet 22:22: A sheet A sheet 2 continuous 2 continuous withthe with both both the sheet first first sheet 21 and 21 and asheet a third third sheet 2023282329

10 10 23 23 -- Third Third sheet 23:AAsheet sheet 23: sheet 2 continuous 2 continuous withwith the other the other side side of theofsecond the second sheet 22sheet 22

[0022]

[0022] A first A first crease F1isis provided crease F1 providedbetween between the first the first sheet sheet 21 the 21 and andsecond the second sheet sheet 22, 22, which means which meansthat thatthe thesheets sheets21 21and and2222are arecontinuous continuousvia viathe thefirst first crease crease F1. F1.AA second second

15 15 crease F2 crease F2 isis provided provided between between the thesecond secondsheetsheet2222and and thethird the third sheet sheet 23, 23, which which meansthat means thatthethe sheets sheets 22 22and and23 23are arecontinuous continuousvia viathe the second secondcreasecreaseF2. F2. Thefirst The first crease crease F1 F1isisa acrease crease F atF at which which the the second second sheet sheet 22 is folded 22 is folded back back towardone toward onesideside (rightininFIG. (right FIG. 1)1) inin thelateral the lateraldirection directionfrom from the the firstsheet first sheet21, 21,andand is is

arrangedonon arranged thethe other other sideside (leftininFIG. (left FIG.1) 1)inin thethelateral lateraldirection directionofofthe thecorrugated corrugated 20 20 cardboard cardboard material material 1. 1. TheThe second second crease crease F2 is aF2 is a crease crease F atthe F at which which thirdthe third sheet 23 sheet is 23 is folded back folded backtoward toward thethe otherother sideside(left(left in in FIG. FIG. 1) 1) in in thethe lateraldirection lateral direction from from thethe second second

sheet22, sheet 22,and andisisarranged arranged on the on the one one side side (right(right in FIG. in FIG. 1) in1)the in the lateral lateral direction direction of the of the

corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardmaterial material 1. 1.

[0023]

[0023] 25 25 In In the the first firstsheet sheet 21, 21, flute fluteshapes shapes 10 10(corrugating (corrugating shape) shape) of the of the corrugated corrugated

cardboard cardboard are are exposed exposed on first on first edges edges E1 (only E1 (only one ofone of on which which on theside the front front is side is denoted denoted

by aa reference by referencesign signinin FIG. FIG. 1) 1) that that extend extend in the in the lateral lateral direction direction (the (the direction direction

intersecting the intersecting thecreases creases F).F).Similarly, Similarly,ininthe thesecond second sheet sheet 22, flute 22, the the flute shapes shapes 10 of 10 theof the

corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardare areexposed exposedonon thesecond the second edges edges E2 E 2 (only (only oneone of of which which on on thethe

30 30 front side front is denoted side is denoted bybyaa reference reference sign sign in FIG. in FIG. 1) that 1) that extend extend in lateral in the the lateral direction direction

(the (the direction intersecting the direction intersecting thecreases creasesF). F). In In aa sheet pair 20 sheet pair 20consisting consistingofofthethefirst first sheet sheet2121andandthethe second second sheetsheet 22, the 22, the

first edges first edges E1E1and andthe thesecond second edges edges E2 areE2arranged are arranged adjacentadjacent to each to each other other in the in the

height direction. height direction. 35 35 [0024]

[0024] Accordingtotothe According thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 having 1 having the structure the folded folded structure describedabove, described above, even even a material a material that that is difficult is difficult to to be be wound wound in a in a roll roll can can be folded be folded into into a rectangular a rectangularparallelepiped. parallelepiped. That That is,is, a compact a compact packaging packaging style style can be can be achieved achieved in the in the sheets2 2ofofthe sheets thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard having having a strength a strength higher higher than than that of that of the material the material

40 40 windableinina aroll. windable roll. The Thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1, which 1, which is constituted is constituted by the by the

folded sheets folded sheets2 2having having an an ensured ensured strength strength as described as described above, above, is is suitable suitable for a for a packagingmaterial packaging material in in aa box-making systemthat box-making system thatmanufacture manufacture boxes boxes requiringa astrength. requiring strength. 6

[0025]

[0025] The creases The creasesFFare areprovided providedalong alongthe theflute flute shapes 10 of shapes 10 of the the corrugated corrugated 15 Dec 2023

cardboard. In cardboard. In other other words, words, the the corrugated corrugated cardboard material 11 is cardboard material ismanufactured manufactured so so as as

to have to theflute have the flute shapes shapes10 10 perpendicular perpendicular to MD to the thedirection. MD direction. 5 5 The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial material11is is preferably preferably wrapped with (packed wrapped with (packedby) by) aa film for film for packaging packaging ininorder ordertotoprevent prevent stains stains or or collapse. collapse.

[0026]

[2.

[2. Parameters] Parameters] Hereinafter, parameters Hereinafter, parameters of the of the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 will 1 will now be now be 2023282329

10 10 described. described. First, First, basic basic parameters such parameters such as the as the sizesize and and the number the number of boards of boards of the of the

corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 will 1 will be described. be described. Next, Next, parameters parameters relatingrelating to the to the

sheets2 2ofofthe sheets thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 will1 be willdescribed be described in detail. in detail.

[0027]

[0027] 15 15 [2-1.

[2-1. Basic Basic Parameters] Parameters] Thesize The sizeofofthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 is defined 1 is defined by theby the following following

dimensionsL1 dimensions L1toto L3. L3. -- Longitudinal dimension Longitudinal dimension L1: L1: A dimension A dimension (first(first dimension) dimension) in the in the longitudinal longitudinal direction direction

-- Lateral Lateral dimension dimension L2: L2: A dimension A dimension (second (second dimension) dimension) in the lateral in the lateral directiondirection 20 20 -- Height dimension Height dimension L3:L3: A dimension A dimension (third(third dimension) dimension) in the in the height height direction direction

The smaller The smaller dimensions dimensionsL1L1totoL3 L3may maycause cause greater greater restrictions on restrictions on the the size size and and

the shape the shape of of the the boxes boxes toto be be manufactured, manufactured, and andthethelarger larger dimensions dimensions L1 L1toto L3 L3 may may causedegradation cause degradation in workability in workability in transportation in transportation and/or and/or delivery. delivery. From From these these

viewpoints,the viewpoints, thedimensions dimensions L1L3toare L1 to L3 preferably are preferably withinwithin rangesranges described described in Table in 2 Table 2 25 25 below. below.

[0028]

[Table2]

[Table 2] Preferable Preferable Range Range More Preferable Range More Preferable Range Longitudinal Longitudinal Dimension L1 500 Dimension L1 500 to to 2500 [mm] 2500 [mm] 700 to 700 to 2000 [mm] 2000 [mm]

Lateral Lateral Dimension L2 Dimension L2 800 to 2500 800 to [mm] 2500 [mm] 1000 to 2200 1000 to [mm] 2200 [mm]

Height DimensionL3L3 Height Dimension 700 to 700 to 2000 [mm] 2000 [mm] 1200 to 2000 1200 to [mm] 2000 [mm]

[0029]

[0029] Whenthe When thenumber numberof of thecreases the creases F F ininthe thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard material1 1isis N, material N, 30 30 the number the number of of thethe sheets sheets 2 is2 N+1. is N+1. In the In the present present disclosure, disclosure, N+1 [boards] N+1 [boards] of the of the sheets sheets 2 are 2 are stacked stackedininthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1. 1. For For example, example, the the number numberofofboards boardsininthe the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial material11 may may be, for be, forexample, example, various various numbers numbers fromfrom1010toto 1000. 1000. Regarding Regardingthe thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard material serving material servingasasa atarget targetforforwhich which parameters parameters relating relating to folding to folding is measured is measured as to as to

35 35 be described be described later,the later, theparameters parameters are are preferably preferably measured measured in everyinsingle everyboard single if board the if the measurement targethas measurement target hasless lessthanthana apredetermined predetermined number number (for(for example, example, 100) 100) of of

boards. On boards. Onthe the other other hand, hand, ifif the themeasurement target has measurement target has aa predetermined predeterminednumbernumber (for (for

7 example, 100)or example, 100) or more moreofof boards, boards, the the parameters parametersmay maybebe measured measured in ainpart a part (for (for example,a adivided example, divided part part or or a fixed a fixed area). area). 15 Dec 2023

[0030]

[0030] Thebasis The basisweight weight cancan be arbitrarily be arbitrarily setset forfor thethe sheets sheets 2 used 2 used in corrugated in the the corrugated 5 5 cardboard cardboard material material 1. 1. TheThe range range of basis of the the basis weight weight to be to be adopted adopted for the for the 2sheets sheets may 2 may be aa range be rangeofof5050toto1500 1500 [g/m2preferably

[g/m2], ], preferably a range a range of to of 100 100 to [g/m2], 1000 and 2more 1000 [g/m ], and more preferablyaarange preferably rangeofof 200 200 to to 800800

[g/m2], 2], and

[g/mand further further preferably preferably a range a range of 200of to200 600 to 600

[g/m2].

Theweight The weightofof thecorrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 is calculated 1 is calculated by multiplying by multiplying 2023282329

10 10 the above the abovebasis basis weight weight by the by the longitudinal longitudinal dimension dimension L1, L1, the the lateral lateral dimension dimension L2, and L2, and

the number the number N+1N+1 of the of the sheet sheet 2, taking 2, taking the take the take up factor up factor of medium of each each medium into into considerations. considerations.

[0031]

[2-2.

[2-2. Parameters Relating Parameters Relating to Properties] to Properties]

15 15 <Feature <Feature A> A> The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial material11of of the the present present embodiment includesa a embodiment includes

Feature Feature A A relatingtotothe relating theproperties properties on on thethe basis basis of the of the viewpoint viewpoint of achieving of achieving a gooda good

packing styleofofthe packing style thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1. Specifically, 1. Specifically, the corrugated the corrugated

cardboard cardboard material material 1 includes 1 includes the the predetermined predetermined FeatureFeature A relating A relating to properties to properties on the on the 20 20 basis of the basis of the following followingviewpoints viewpoints I and I and II.II.The The “packaging "packaging stylestyle of corrugated of corrugated cardboard cardboard

material material 1"1” is is the appearance the appearance of the of the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 zigzag foldedand zigzag and foldedinto folded into aa rectangular rectangularparallelepiped parallelepiped shape. shape.

- Viewpoint - Viewpoint I: I: To Toassure assure the the folding folding retention retention abilityatatcreases ability creases F F

- Viewpoint - II: To Viewpoint II: preventcrease To prevent crease cracks cracks at creases at creases F F 25 25 Theabove The above Viewpoints Viewpoints I andI and II are II are established established for solving for solving the following the following Problems Problems

II and II. and II.

- Problem - Problem I:I:Folding Foldingopens opensat aatcrease a creaseF F - Problem - Problem II: II: AAcrease creasecrack crack occurs occurs at aatcrease a crease F F

[0032]

[0032] 30 30 The"folding The “foldingretention retentionability" ability” in in the aboveViewpoint the above Viewpoint I referred I referred to to is is thethe property property

of retaining of retaining thethe state state where wherethethe sheets sheets 2 remain 2 remain foldedfolded at theatcreases the creases F. F. The"folding The “foldingopens opens at at crease crease F” referred F" referred to intoProblem in Problem I is that I is that when when sheetssheets 2 2 are folded are foldedback backatatcreases creases F, the F, the folded-back folded-back statestate is notis retained, not retained, so there so that that there is is spacebetween space betweensheets sheets 2 2 thatare that arecontinuous continuousvia viathe the crease creaseF. F. Problem ProblemII occurs occurs when when 35 35 the folding the folding retention retentionability ability is is insufficient. insufficient.Problem Problem II can alsobebeconsidered can also considered to abe to be a problem problem ininwhich whichthethe packaging packaging stylestyle of corrugated of the the corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial 1 is 1 is disturbedbybyopening disturbed opening of of folding folding at at a crease a crease F. F.

A "crease A “creasecrack" crack”inin theabove the above Viewpoint Viewpoint II and Il and Problem Problem II is aIIcrack is a crack (damage, (damage,

rip) rip) occurred in aa liner occurred in liner located outsidea acrease located outside crease F when F when sheets sheets 2 are 2 are folded folded back atback the at the

40 40 crease F. crease F.

[0033]

8

When When an an attempt attempt is made is made to assure to assure the folding the folding retention retention abilityability on theon the of basis basis of Viewpoint I, Viewpoint I, Problem II tends Problem II tendstotooccur; occur;when whenan an attempt attempt isismade made to tosuppress suppress crease crease 15 Dec 2023

cracksatatcreases cracks creases F on F on thethe basis basis of Viewpoint of Viewpoint II, Problem II, Problem I tends I tends to occur. to occur. Accordingly, Accordingly,

achievingboth achieving bothViewpoint Viewpoint I and I and Viewpoint Viewpoint II is IIdifficult. is difficult. 5 5 Hereinafter, Hereinafter, as asaaprerequisite prerequisiteofofthe theabove above Viewpoints Viewpoints I and I II, andtheII, configuration the configuration of aa folding of folding apparatus apparatus for formanufacturing manufacturing a corrugated a corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial 1 folded 1 folded

zigzag,and zigzag, andthe thepackaging packaging style style of aofmanufactured a manufactured corrugated corrugated cardboardcardboard material 1material will 1 will be described be described inin Sub-items Sub-items [i] [i] andand

[ii].[ii].Thereafter, Thereafter,a a predetermined predetermined featurefeature on theon the basis basis

of Viewpoints of Viewpoints I IandandIIIIinin Sub-item Sub-item [iii] will

[iii] will be be described. described. 2023282329

10 10 [0034]

[0034]

[i. Folding

[i. Folding Apparatus] Apparatus]

A folding A folding apparatus apparatus 50 50 illustrated illustrated in in FIG. FIG. 2 is 2 is anan apparatus apparatus for folding for folding

corrugated cardboards corrugated cardboardswhich whichextend extendcontinuously continuouslyininaaband bandshape shape intoa afan-folded into fan-folded shape. shape. 15 15 Althoughthere Although there isis nono particular particular limitationonon limitation the the folding folding apparatus apparatus 50, 50, the the following folding following foldingapparatus apparatuscancan be used, be used, for example. for example.

- Folding - Folding apparatus: apparatus: manufactured byBHS manufactured by BHSCorrugated Corrugated Machinery Machinery Product Product No.No. "AS-F", “AS-F”,

[0035]

[0035] 20 20 Thefolding The foldingapparatus apparatus50 50 includes includes a conveying a conveying parta 50A, part 50A, a folding folding part part 50B, and50B, and

a stacking a stackingpart part50C. 50C. The conveying The conveyingpart part50A 50Aforms formsa aconveying conveying path path forconveying for conveyinga aband-shaped band-shaped corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardwebweb1W1W produced produced by upstream by an an upstream cardboard cardboard production production apparatus(corrugator), apparatus (corrugator), which which is not is not illustrated, illustrated, to to the the folding folding part part 50B 50B (see(see the the two-dot two-dot

25 25 chainlines chain lines in in FIG. FIG.2). 2).

[0036]

[0036] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardweb web1W 1W produced produced by the by the corrugator corrugator which which is not is not illustrated is illustrated isprovided with aa plurality provided with plurality of of creases creases FFspaced spacedat at regular regular intervals intervals in the in the

lateral direction. lateral direction.Sheets 2 (see Sheets FIG. 2 (see 1) 1) FIG. areare continuous on on continuous thethe upstream and upstream anddownstream downstream 30 30 sides of sides of each eachcrease creaseF. F. Theplurality The plurality of of creases creasesF Finclude include creases creases at which at which sheets sheets on theon the upstream upstream side side are folded are foldedback backwith withrespect respectto to sheets sheets on downstream on the the downstream sideone side toward toward one of the of the lateral lateral

directions (toward directions (towardthetheright rightininFIG. FIG.2)2)(creases (creases corresponding corresponding to “first to "first creases creases F1" inF1” in FIG. FIG.

1), 1), and creasesatatwhich and creases which sheets sheets on upstream on the the upstream side side are are back folded folded back with withto respect respect to 35 35 sheetsononthe sheets thedownstream downstream side toward side toward theof the other other of the lateral the lateral directions directions (toward(toward the leftthe left

in FIG. in 2) (creases FIG. 2) (creasescorresponding corresponding to “second to "second creases creases F2" in F2” FIG. in FIG. 1). These1).first These first creases creases

F1 andthe F1 and thesecond second creases creases F2 extend F2 extend alternately alternately along along the the conveying conveying direction.direction.

[0037]

[0037] Thesurface The surface facing facing upward upward in the in the conveyance conveyance part 50A part 50A is referred is referred to as thetofront as the front 40 40 surface of surface of the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard webweb 1W,1W,and andthethesurface surfacefacing facingdownward downward is is referred referred toto as as the theback backsurface surfaceof of thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard web 1W. web The 1W. firstThe first creases creases

F1 areformed F1 are formed as as grooves grooves recessed recessed in the in the front front surface surface of the of the corrugated corrugated cardboardcardboard 9 web1W web 1Wand and the the second second creases creases F2 F2 are are formed formed as grooves as grooves recessed recessed in the in the backback surfaceofofthe surface thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard websuch web 1W, 1W,that such that folding folding is assured is assured in the in each of each of the 15 Dec 2023 abovedirections. above directions.

[0038]

[0038] 5 5 The folding The folding part part 50B 50B is isprovided provided between the conveyance between the part50A conveyance part 50Aand andthe the stackingpart stacking part50C, 50C,andand is is a part a part that that alternately alternately folds folds back back the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard

web1W web 1Wconveyed conveyed by by thethe conveyance conveyance partpart 50A 50A at the at the creases creases F and F and sends sends it toit the to the stackingpart stacking part50C. 50C. In In the the folding foldingpart 50B, part 50B, thethe corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardwebweb 1W conveyedfrom 1W conveyed fromthe the 2023282329

10 10 conveying conveying part part 50A 50A falls falls downward downward while while being being pushed pushed outconveying out in the in the conveying direction. direction.

At this At this time, time, sheets sheets ononthetheupstream upstream sideside are are folded folded back back with respect with respect to sheetsto sheets on the on the

downstream downstream sideside toward toward one ofone theoflateral the lateral directions directions (toward (toward thein the right right FIG.in2) FIG. 2) at the at the

first creases first F1, and creases F1, andsheets sheetson on thethe upstream upstream sidefolded side are are folded back back with with respect respect to sheetsto sheets on the on thedownstream downstream sideside toward toward the other the other of theof the lateral lateral directions directions (toward (toward the lefttheinleft FIG.in FIG. 15 15 2) at 2) at the thesecond second creases creases F2. F2.

[0039]

[0039] The folding The folding part part 50B 50B may may be beprovided providedwithwith an an auxiliary auxiliary mechanism mechanism (not (not illustrated) that illustrated) that assists assists in in folding-back folding-back ofof the the corrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboardweb web 1W. The 1W. The

auxiliary auxiliarymechanism mechanism is is a a mechanism mechanism for forassisting assisting the the sheets forming the sheets forming the corrugated corrugated 20 20 cardboard cardboard web web 1Wreliably 1W is is reliably folded folded back back at theatfirst the first creases creases F1 andF1 and the the second second

creasesF2F2 creases alternately. alternately. Although Although therethere is nois particular no particular limitation limitation on the on the specific specific structure structure

of the of auxiliary mechanism, the auxiliary a rotation mechanism, a rotation mechanism mechanism providedprovided with with a rod a rod supporting supporting the the secondcreases second creasesF2F2(see (seePatent PatentLiterature Literature 11 described described above) above)can canbebeused, used,for for example. example.

[0040]

[0040] 25 25 Thestacking The stacking part part 50C 50C is aispart a part that that stacks stacks sheets sheets that that are alternately are alternately folded folded

back back atatthe thefolding foldingpart part50B. 50B.TheThe stacking stacking partpart 50C 50C is disposed is disposed below below the the folding folding part part 50B.Hence, 50B. Hence, in in thethe stacking stacking partpart 50C, 50C, the sheets the sheets 2 which2 which are alternately are alternately folded folded back at back at

the creases the creasesF1F1 andand F2 (see F2 (see FIG. FIG. 1) are1)stacked are stacked sequentially sequentially from thefrom thetobottom bottom to the top. the top.

Asaaresult, As result, the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzagzigzag having having a packaging a packaging style style 30 30 of aa rectangular of parallelepiped rectangular parallelepiped is is produced. produced.

[0041]

[ii. Good

[ii. Good oror Bad BadPacking Packing Style] Style]

In In a a corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 having 1 having a packaging a good good packaging style, asstyle, as

illustrated in illustrated in FIG. FIG. 3A, after sheets 3A, after whichareare sheets which continuous continuous via creases via creases F are F are folded folded back back 35 35 by 180 by 180[°]

[] at at the the creases creasesF,F,thethesheets sheets which which are are continuous continuous via theviacreases the creases F are F are folded back folded back soso as as to to come come inin contact contact with with each each other other without withoutopened opened spaces. spaces. In In cases where cases where creases creases F remain F remain in a closed in a closed state state in thisinmanner, this manner, there isthere a is a possibility of possibility of occurrence occurrence ofofProblem Problem II of II of crease crease cracks cracks at the at the creases creases F although F although the the packingstyle packing styleofofthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 is good. 1 is good.

40 40 [0042]

[0042] In In aa corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 having 1 having a bad apackaging bad packaging style, asstyle, as illustrated in illustrated in FIG. FIG. 3B, after sheets 3B, after whichareare sheets which continuous continuous via creases via creases F are F are folded folded back back

10 by 180 by 180 [°]

[] atatthe thecreases creasesF,F,subsequent subsequent sheets sheets are are stacked stacked having having space space SS between between sheetswhich sheets whichareare continuous continuous via crease via the the crease F. F. 15 Dec 2023

If If the the crease crease FFdoes doesnotnotremain remain closed closed in this in this manner, manner, there there is a possibility is a possibility of of Problem Problem I Iofofopening opening of of a fold a fold at at a crease a crease F although F although creasecrease crackscracks at creases at creases F are F are 5 5 less likely less likely toto occur. occur. This maylead This may lead toto a a bend bend of the of the sheet sheet at the at the portion portion of the of the space space S or S or

inclination of inclination of the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 above 1 above the space the space S, and S, and the the regularity regularity

andthe and thestability stability ofof the corrugatedcardboard the corrugated cardboard material material 1 may1 be may be impaired. impaired. As a result, As a result,

the stacked the sheets may stacked sheets maycollapse collapseduring duringsheets sheetsarearebeing beingfolded folded zigzag, zigzag, which makes which makes manufacturing manufacturing of of a corrugated a corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzag impossible. zigzag impossible. 2023282329

10 10 [0043]

[0043]

[iii. Feature]

The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial material11includes includes thethe following following Feature Feature 1A as aa 1A as Feature Feature A A corresponding corresponding to the to the aboveabove Viewpoints Viewpoints I and III and II and Problems and Problems I and II. I and II.

- Feature - Feature 1A:1A:TheThe dynamic dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity of liner of the the liner constituting constituting the the corrugated corrugated

15 15 cardboard cardboard material material 1 is1 is within within a predetermined a predetermined range.range. The"dynamic The “dynamic viscoelasticity” viscoelasticity" is is a parameter a parameter defined defined by three by three values:values: elasticelastic

modulus modulus E',E', losselastic loss elasticmodulus modulusE", E'', and and tang,tan, and and is is a parameter a parameter corresponding corresponding to the to the retentionability of retentionability of the the folded state (resistance folded state (resistancetotoopening opening of of thethe creases creases F) the F) and and the resistancetotocrease resistance crease cracks cracks at the at the creases creases F when F when the corrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard material 1 material 1

20 20 is is bent. bent. When When the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 isatbent 1 is bent the at the creases creases F, pulp F, pulp fibers fibers

formingthe forming theliner linerbase basepapers papers of the of the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial 1 are stretched. The 1 are stretched. The “dynamicviscoelasticity" "dynamic viscoelasticity”can canbe be regarded regarded as a as a parameter parameter corresponding corresponding to thetoability to to the ability

retain the retain stretchedstate the stretched stateofofthe thepulp pulpfibers fiberswhen whenthethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial 1 is 1 is bent at bent at the the creases creasesF.F.

25 25 [0044]

[0044] Theelastic The elasticmodulus modulus E' represents E' represents the degree the degree of elasticity, of elasticity, and corresponds and corresponds to to the repulsive the repulsiveforce forceserving servingtoto return return toto theoriginal the originalshape shape (i.e.,serving (i.e., serving to to open open the the creasesF)F)when creases when the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 is 1 is bent. bent. Theloss The losselastic elasticmodulus modulus E'' represents E" represents a degree a high high degree of viscosity. of viscosity.

30 30 Tanisisthe Tang theratio ratio of of the the loss losselastic elastic modulus modulus E" E'' to to thethe elastic elastic modulus modulus E' based E' based

on the on thefollowing followingEquation Equation 1. 1. withwith Tan Tang a value a value of or of "1" “1”less or less indicates indicates possession possession of the of the

physicalproperty physical propertyininthe theelastic elasticregion region(the (theregion region returning returning to the to the original original shape), shape), and and

tan otherwise tang otherwiseindicates indicates possession possession of theof physical the physical property property in the in the viscosity viscosity region region (the (the regionwhere region where returning returning to to thethe original original shape shape is difficult). is difficult).

35 35 TanS = =E"/E" Tan E″/E' ... Equation Equation 11 Thegreater The greaterthethevalue value of of tan tang is,is, the the smaller smaller thethe above-mentioned above-mentioned repulsive repulsive

force becomes; force becomes; thethe smaller smaller the the valuevalue of tan of tand is, greater is, the the greater the above-mentioned the above-mentioned

repulsive repulsive force force becomes. becomes.

[0045]

[0045] 40 40 Thepresent The present inventors inventors havehave attained attained the finding the finding that,that, when when the elastic the elastic modulusmodulus E' E' and tan8among and tan among the the dynamic dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity of a liner of a liner constituting constituting a corrugated a corrugated

cardboard material 11 are cardboard material are within within predetermined ranges, the predetermined ranges, the above ProblemsI Iand above Problems andIIII tend tend

11 to be to be suppressed. Converselyspeaking, suppressed. Conversely speaking,the thepresent presentinventors inventorsfound foundthat that corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material having having a liner a liner with with the the dynamic dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity outside outside the the 15 Dec 2023 predeterminedrange predetermined rangetend tendtotohave haveProblems Problems I andII. I and II. This means This means that that Feature Feature 1Aapplied 1A is is applied tocorrugated to the the corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 1 5 5 on the on thebasis basisofofthe theabove above Viewpoints Viewpoints I andI and II. II.

[0046]

[0046] If Ifthe the elastic elasticmodulus modulus E'E'isis more morethan than a predetermined a predetermined range range and and tang is tan less is less

thanaapredetermined than predetermined rangerange amongamong the dynamic the dynamic viscoelasticity, viscoelasticity, the pulp the pulp fibers fibers forming forming

the liner the liner base paperwould base paper wouldnot not remain remain stretched stretched and and the the repulsive repulsive force serving force serving to open to open 2023282329

10 10 the creases the creases FF would wouldincrease increasewhen whenthe thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard material1 1isisbent material bentatat the the creases F, creases F, which which isis presumed presumed to to cause causeProblem Problem I.I. If Ifthe the elastic elasticmodulus modulus E'E'isis less less than thanthe thepredetermined predetermined rangerange andistan and tand moreis more

than the than the predetermined rangeamong predetermined range amongthethe dynamic dynamic viscoelasticity,when viscoelasticity, whenthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 is 1 is bent bent at at thethe creases creases F,external F, an an external force force due todue to bending bending would would 15 15 be appliedtotothe be applied thecreases creases F while F while the the pulppulp fibers fibers forming forming the liner the liner base base paper paper are are stretched, which stretched, which isispresumed presumed to to cause ProblemII. cause Problem II.

[0047]

[0047] Theelastic The elasticmodulus modulus E' is E' is 1.00 1.00  10 X 109 9 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or more or more andX 8.00 and 8.00  109or[Mpa] 109 [Mpa] less or less

andtand and 2.50X 10-2 tanisis2.50 10-2orormore more andand 1.501.50  10 X 10-1 or-1less. or less. WhenWhen the values the values of elastic of elastic

20 20 modulus modulus E' E' and and tan tand are are within within these these ranges, ranges, it is itpossible is possible to obtain to obtain a corrugated a corrugated

cardboard cardboard material material suitable suitable as as a box-making a box-making material. material.

In In view of suitability view of suitability for forproducing producing aa corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material foldedfolded zigzag, zigzag,

it isispreferable it preferable that that the the elastic elastic modulus 1.50X 109 modulus E'E'isis1.50 9 [Mpa] 10[Mpa] or or more more and and X 109  109 7.00 7.00

[Mpa]

[Mpa] ororless, less,andandtang tanisis3.00 3.00  10-2 X 10-2 or or more more and and 1.00 1.00  10 X 10-1 or -1 or less. less.

25 25 In viewofof suitability In view suitability forfor use use in in an an automated packaging automated packaging system,system, the elastic the elastic

modulus modulus E' E' isismore more preferably preferably X 109 [Mpa] 2.002.00 9 10 [Mpa]or more orand more and 6.00 6.00 X 109  10

[Mpa] 9 or [Mpa] less, or less,

andtand and tanisismore more preferably preferably 3.503.50  10 X 10-2 or-2 more or more 10-2 or10 andx9.70 and 9.70 -2 or less. less.

[0048]

[0048] Further, Further, on onthe thebasis basisofofViewpoint Viewpoint I, I, ititisis preferable preferablethat thatthetheelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' is E' is

30 30 3.00 X109 3.00 9 10 [Mpa]

[Mpa] oror less less andand tandtan is 7.00 is 7.00 X 10-2 10 -2 or more, or more, and and it is itmore is more preferable preferable that that

the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' E' isis2.50 2.50  10[Mpa] X 109 9 [Mpa] or less or less and and tang tan is 8.00 is 8.00 X 10-2 10 or -2 or more. more.

Onthe On thebasis basisofofViewpoint Viewpoint II, II, ititis is preferable preferablethat thatthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' is E' is 4.00  4.00 X 10 [Mpa] or more and tan is 4.00  10 or less, and it is more preferable that the 1099 [Mpa] or more and tand is 4.00 X 10-2 or -2less, and it is more preferable that the

elastic modulus elastic modulus E'E' 4.50X  isis4.50 109 9 [Mpa] 10[Mpa] or more or more and is and tang tan 10-2or is X3.80 3.80 -2 or 10less. less. 35 35 [0049]

[0049] <Feature <Feature B> B> Further, Further, ononthe thebasis basisofofproducing producing a box a box thatthat is resistant is resistant to rips to rips when when used used as a as a

material for making material for makingboxes, boxes,thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materialmaterial 1 of the1 present of the present embodiment embodiment includes includes Feature Feature B relating B relating to theto the properties. properties. Specifically, Specifically, on the on theofbasis of basis

40 40 the following the followingviewpoint viewpointIII, III, the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 includes 1 includes the the predetermined predetermined Feature Feature B relating B relating to properties. to properties.

- Viewpoint - Viewpoint III: ToTosuppress III: suppressrips (damage) rips (damage)ininassembled assembled boxes boxes

12

Theabove The above Viewpoint Viewpoint III is III is a viewpoint a viewpoint for for solving solving the the following following problem problem III. III. - Problem - III: The Problem III: Theassembled assembled boxes boxes have ahave risk aofrisk of being being easily easily ripped ripped 15 Dec 2023

[0050]

[0050] In In cases where cases where thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded1 folded zigzag zigzag is is used for used for

5 5 the box the box making material of making material of aa box box making system(automatic making system (automaticpackaging packaging system), system),

creases FF may creases maybebeincluded includedinin the the bottom bottomsurface surfaceor or side side surfaces surfaces of of the theassembled assembled box.box. In In boxes assembled boxes assembled usingusing the corrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 foldedthere zigzag, zigzag, is a there is a

tendency tendency thatripping that ripping isislikely likelyto to occur occurstarting startingfrom fromthethe portions portions of of thethe creases creases F. F.

Accordingly, the Accordingly, the above ProblemIII above Problem III can can be be regarded that boxes regarded that assembledusing boxes assembled usingthethe 2023282329

10 10 corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzag zigzag have ahave risk aofrisk of easily being being ripped. easily ripped. Ripping startingfrom Ripping starting fromthe theportions portionsof of thethe creases creases F described F described above above tends totends to occurmore occur more easily easily under under a humid a humid condition. condition. Accordingly, Accordingly, the abovetheProblem above III Problem can alsoIII can also be considered be consideredto to be be aa problem problemin in that that the theboxes boxes assembled usingthe assembled using the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzag zigzag have have a riska of riskbeing of being easilyeasily rippedripped under under a humid a humid 15 15 condition. condition.

[0051]

[0051] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial material11includes includes the the following following Features Features B1 to B4 B1 to B4

as Feature as FeatureB B corresponding corresponding to above to the the above Viewpoint Viewpoint III and III and Problem Problem III. III. - Feature - Feature B1: B1: The amountofofaa sizing The amount sizing agent agent added added is is within within aapredetermined predetermined range range 20 20 - Feature - Feature B2: B2: The amountofofaa paper The amount paperstrength strength agent agentadded addedisiswithin within a a predetermined predetermined

range range - Feature - B3:The Feature B3: The length length meanmean fiber fiber length length of theoffiber the fiber lengths lengths is within is within a a predeterminedlength predetermined lengthrange range - Feature - B4:The Feature B4: The amount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is within is within a predetermined a predetermined range range 25 25 [0052]

[0052] The"sizing The “sizingagent" agent”isisa achemical chemical agent agent added added to a liner to a liner forming forming the corrugated the corrugated

cardboard cardboard material material 1 in 1 in order order to to impart impart surface surface characteristics characteristics such such as sizing as sizing property property (a (a function of function of preventing preventingpenetration penetration of of water water and and ink bleeding) ink bleeding) and printability and printability to thetoliner. the liner. Theamount The amount of the of the sizing sizing agent agent addedadded

[parts[parts by is by mass] mass] is theofratio the ratio the of the amount added added amount 30 30 of the of sizing agent the sizing agent[parts

[partsbybymass] mass] contained contained in every in every totaltotal 100 [parts 100 [parts by mass] by mass] of the of the

total pulp total pulpconstituting constituting the the liner. liner.

The"paper The “paper strength strength is aischemical agent” agent" a chemical agentagent added added to aforming to a liner liner forming the the corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 in 1order in order to improve to improve the surface the surface strengthstrength of theand of the liner liner and preventgeneration prevent generationof of paper paper dusts dusts during during printing. printing. The amount The amount of thestrength of the paper paper strength 35 35 agentadded agent added [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] is the is the ratio ratio of the of the added added amount amount of thestrength of the paper paper strength agent[parts agent [partsbybymass] mass] contained contained in the in the every every totaltotal 100 [parts 100 [parts by mass] by mass] of the of the pulp total total pulp constituting the liner. constituting the liner.

[0053]

[0053] The"length The “lengthmean mean fiber fiber length” length" is the is the average average of lengths of the the lengths of fibers of pulp pulp fibers 40 40 constituting aa liner constituting liner (fiber (fiber lengths). lengths). This length mean This length mean fiber fiber length length is is the the average average of the of the

lengthsofof pulp lengths pulpfibers fibersincluding includingfine finefibers fiberstotobe bedescribed described below. below.

13

The"amount The “amountof of fine fine fibers” fibers" is is theproportion the proportion

[%][%] of the of the amount amount of contained of contained fine fine fibers relative fibers relative to to the the total totalpulp pulp fibers fibers (taken (taken to to be 100[%]) be 100 [%])constituting constitutinga aliner. liner.Here, Here,the the 15 Dec 2023

fine fibers fine fibers are are fine fine fibers fibers having fiber lengths having fiber lengthsofof 0.0 0.0[mm]

[mm]oror more more and and 0.2 [mm] 0.2 [mm] or or less. less.

[0054]

[0054] 5 5 Thepresent The present inventors inventors have have attained attained the finding the finding that,that, if a ifliner a liner forming forming the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardmaterial material 11 has has the the above aboveFeatures FeaturesB1B1totoB4, B4,the theabove aboveProblem Problem III IIItends tends to to be be suppressed. Conversely suppressed. Conversely speaking, speaking, presentpresent inventors inventors have have found found that a that a corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboard material material usingusing a liner a liner that that does does not include not include at least at least one ofone the of the

aboveFeatures above FeaturesB1B1totoB4 B4tends tendstotohave haveProblem Problem III. III. 2023282329

10 10 In In other other words, words, thethecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 11 has has the the above above Features Features B1B1 to B4 to onthe B4 on thebasis basisofofthe theabove above Viewpoint Viewpoint III. III.

[0055]

[0055] If If the the amount amount ofofthe thesizing sizingagent agent added added is less is less thanthan the predetermined the predetermined range or range or if the if the amount amount ofofthe thepaper paper strength strength agent agent addedadded is less is than less the thanpredetermined the predetermined range, range, 15 15 the strength the strengthofofthe theliner liner would wouldbecome become insufficient insufficient whenwhen the length the length mean mean fiber fiber of length length of the fiber the fiber lengths lengths isis less less than thanthethepredetermined predetermined length length range, range, whichwhich is presumed is presumed to to causeProblem cause Problem III.III.

If If the the amount amount ofofthe thesizing sizingagent agent added added is more is more than than the predetermined the predetermined range, range,

the sizing the sizing agent agentwould would inhibithydrogen inhibit hydrogen bonds bonds betweenbetween the pulpthe pulpconstituting fibers fibers constituting the the 20 20 liner, liner, which is presumed which is presumed to to cause cause Problem Problem III. III.

Althoughthe Although thestrength strengthof of a linertends a liner tendsto to increase increase as the as the amount amount of the of the paper paper

strength agent strength agent added increases, the added increases, the paper paper strength strength agent agent would wouldbe beaggregated aggregatedand and the the strength strength would would bebe lowered lowered whenwhenthe theamount amount of of thethepaper paperstrength strengthagent agentadded added is is more more than the than the predetermined range,which predetermined range, whichis is presumed presumedtotocause causeProblem Problem III. III. 25 25 [0056]

[0056] Althoughthe Although thestrength strength of of a linertends a liner tends to to increase increase as the as the length length mean mean fiber fiber length increases, length increases, spaces betweenthe spaces between thepulp pulpfibers fibers would increase when would increase whenthe thelength length mean mean fiber length fiber lengthisis more morethan thanthethepredetermined predetermined length lengthrange, range,which whichisispresumed presumed toto cause cause Problem Problem III.III. In In particular, particular, water water is is easily easily absorbed absorbed into into pulp pulp fibers fibers through through spaces spaces under under

30 30 a humid a humidcondition, condition, which which is presumed is presumed to cause to cause ProblemProblem III to beIIImore to be moretolikely likely occur.to occur.

[0057]

[0057] If If the the amount amount ofoffine finefibers fibers isis less less than thanpredetermined predetermined range, range, the proportion the proportion of of pulp fibers pulp fibers having havinggreater greaterfiber fiberlengths lengths (long (long fibers) fibers) would would increase increase and spaces and spaces betweenbetween

long fibers would long fibers wouldincrease, increase, which which is presumed is presumed to cause to cause ProblemProblem III. In particular, III. In particular, water water

35 35 is is more more likely likelytoto bebeabsorbed absorbedthrough throughspaces spaces between long fibers between long fibers under under a a humid humid

condition, which condition, whichmakes makes Problem Problem III toIIIbetomore be more likelylikely to occur. to occur.

If If the the amount amount ofoffine finefibers fibers is is more morethan than the the predetermined predetermined range,range, the proportion the proportion

of long of fibers would long fibers woulddecrease decrease and and the pulp the pulp fibers fibers wouldwould be lessbetangled, less tangled, which iswhich is presumed presumed totocause causeProblem Problem III.III. 40 40 [0058]

[0058]

14

The amount The amountofofthe thesizing sizing agent agent added addedisis 0.2 0.2 [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] or or more more and 4.0 and 4.0

[parts by

[parts by mass] mass]ororless, less,preferably preferably0.50.5 [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] or more or more and and 3.0 3.0 [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] 15 Dec 2023

or less, or less, and more and more preferably preferably 0.80.8 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] or more or more and 2.0and 2.0 by

[parts [parts mass]by ormass] less. or less. The amount The amountofofthe thepaper paperstrength strengthagent agentadded addedisis0.1 0.1[parts

[parts byby mass] mass] oror more more

5 5 and4.0 and 4.0[parts

[partsbybymass] mass]or or less, less, preferably preferably 0.5 0.5 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] or more or more and 3.5and 3.5 by

[parts [parts by mass]ororless, mass] less,and and more more preferably preferably 1.0 [parts 1.0 [parts by mass] by mass] or moreorand more3.0 and

[parts3.0by[parts mass] by mass]

or less. or less.

[0059]

[0059] Thelength The lengthmeanmean fiberfiber length length is 0.90 is 0.90 [mm][mm] or more or more and and 1.55 1.55

[mm] or [mm] less, or less, 2023282329

10 10 preferably 1.00 preferably 1.00 [mm] or more

[mm] or more andand1.53 1.53 [mm]

[mm]ororless, less, and morepreferably and more preferably 1.30 1.30 [mm]

[mm]or or more and1.52 more and 1.52[mm]

[mm]ororless. less. Theamount The amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is is 2323

[%][%] or or more more and[%]48or[%] and 48 or less, less, preferably preferably 30 [%] 30 [%]

or more or and more and 47 47

[%][%] or or less, less, andand moremore preferably preferably 40 [%]40 or [%] moreorand more andor46 46 [%] [%] less. or less.

[0060]

[0060] 15 15 <Feature <Feature C> C> Onthe On thebasis basisofofthe theviewpoint viewpoint of of reducing reducing occurrence occurrence of ripsof(crease rips (crease cracks)cracks) at at the portions the portionsofofthe thecreases creases F, F, the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 of the1 of the present present

embodiment embodiment includes includes Feature Feature C relating C relating to properties. to properties. Specifically, Specifically, on the on theofbasis basis the of the

following viewpoint following viewpointIV, IV,the thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 includes 1 includes predetermined predetermined

20 20 Feature Feature C C relatingtotoproperties. relating properties. - Viewpoint - IV:ToTosuppress Viewpoint IV: suppress crease crease cracks cracks at portions at portions of theof the creases creases F F Theabove The above Viewpoint Viewpoint IV isIVa isviewpoint a viewpoint for solving for solving the following the following problemproblem IV. IV. - Problem - IV:There Problem IV: Thereis is a riskofofcrease a risk crease cracks cracks at portions at portions of the of the creases creases F. F. Thecreases The creases F of F of thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzag zigzag are are portions portions 25 25 at which at continuous which continuous sheets sheets are are folded folded back back by 180by 180In[].

[°]. theIncorrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard

material material 11folded foldedzigzag, zigzag,there thereis is a a tendency tendency thatthat crease crease crackscracks are likely are likely to occur to occur at theat the

portions of portions ofthe thecreases creases F.F.Accordingly, Accordingly,the above the aboveProblem Problem IV IV can can be be regarded regarded asas aa problem problem ininthat thatthe thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzag zigzag is likely is likely to haveto have creasecracks crease cracks at at the the portions portions of of thethe creases creases F. F.

30 30 The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial material11includes includes thethe following following Features Features C1 to C3 C1 to C3

as Feature as Feature CC corresponding correspondingtotothe the above aboveViewpoint ViewpointIVIVand andProblem Problem IV.IV. - Feature - C1:The Feature C1: The density density of aofliner a lineris is withina a within predetermined predetermined rangerange

- Feature - C2:The Feature C2: The length length mean mean fiberfiber lengthlength of the offiber the fiber lengths lengths is within is within a a predeterminedlength predetermined lengthrange range 35 35 - Feature - C3:The Feature C3: The amount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is within is within a predetermined a predetermined range range

[0061]

[0061] The"density" The “density”isisaaparameter parameter representing representing the weight the weight [g]volume

[g] per per volume of 1 of 1 [cm³ of[cm 3] of a liner a liner forming thecorrugated forming the corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1. 1. The"length The “lengthmean mean fiber fiber length” length" is the is the average average of lengths of the the lengths of fibers of pulp pulp fibers 40 40 constituting constituting aa liner liner (fiber (fiber lengths). lengths). This This length mean length mean fiber fiber length length is is the the average average of the of the

15

[mm]oror more more and and 0.2 [mm] 0.2 [mm] or or less. less.

[0062]

[0062] 5 5 Thepresent The present inventors inventors have have attained attained the finding the finding that,that, if a ifliner a liner forming forming the the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardmaterial material 11 has has the the above aboveFeatures FeaturesC1C1totoC3, C3,the theabove aboveProblem Problem IV IV tends tends to to be be suppressed. Converselyspeaking, suppressed. Conversely speaking,present presentinventors inventors have havefound foundthat that aa corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material usingusing a liner a liner that that does does not include not include at least at least one ofone the of the

aboveFeatures above FeaturesC1C1totoC3C3tends tendstotohave haveProblem Problem IV.IV. 2023282329

10 10 In In other other words, words, the thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 11 has has the the above above Features Features C1C1 to C3 to onthe C3 on thebasis basisofof theabove the above Viewpoint Viewpoint IV. IV.

[0063]

[0063] If If the the density density isis less less than the predetermined than the predetermined range, range, a lota lot of spaces of spaces wouldwould be be generated generated between between pulp pulp fibersfibers and theandstrength the strength of the of the would liner liner would become become insufficient, insufficient,

15 15 which is which is presumed presumed to tocause causeProblem Problem IV. IV. If If the the density density isis more thanthe more than thepredetermined predetermined range, range, therethere would would be no spaces be no spaces

between between thethe pulp pulp fibers fibers andandthe the stress stress wouldwould become become difficultdifficult to escape to escape when thewhen liner the liner

is bent, is bent,which which isispresumed presumed to to cause cause Problem Problem IV. IV. Thestrength The strengthofofthetheliner linerisisreduced reduced as as thethe length length meanmean fiber fiber length length is reduced. is reduced.

20 20 Thus,ifif the Thus, lengthmean the length mean fiber fiber length length is is less less than than thethe predetermined predetermined lengthlength range, range, the the strengthofof the strength theliner liner would wouldbecome become insufficient, insufficient, which which is presumed is presumed to causeto Problem cause Problem IV. IV.

[0064]

[0064] Thestrength The strengthofofthetheliner linertends tends toto increase increase as as the the length length meanmean fiber fiber lengthlength

increases.However, increases. However, if the if the length length mean mean fiberfiber length length is more is more than than the the predetermined predetermined

25 25 length range, length range,the thepulp pulpfibers fiberswould would be be moremore likely likely tounevenly to be be unevenly distributed distributed and theand the strength would strength would bebe locally locally compromised compromised at at some someportions, portions,which whichis is presumed presumedtotocause cause ProblemIV. Problem IV. If If the the amount amount ofoffine finefibers fibers is is less less than thanpredetermined predetermined range, range, the proportion the proportion of of pulp fibers pulp fibers having havinggreater greaterfiber fiberlengths lengths (long (long fibers) fibers) would would increase increase and spaces and spaces betweenbetween

30 30 long fibers long fiberswould would increase, increase,which which isispresumed presumed to to cause cause Problem Problem IV. IV. If If the the amount amount ofoffine finefibers fibers is is more morethanthan the the predetermined predetermined range,range, the proportion the proportion

of long of fibers would long fibers woulddecrease, decrease, thethe pulp pulp fibers fibers would would be tangled, be less less tangled, and theand the strength strength of of the liner the liner would become would become insufficient, insufficient, which which is presumed is presumed to cause to cause Problem Problem IV. IV.

[0065]

[0065] 35 35 Thedensity The densityofofthe theliner linerisis 0.60 [g/cm3or 0.60[g/cm³] ] ormore moreandand 0.850.85 or 3less,

[g/cm

[g/cm³] ] or less, preferably preferably 0.65 [g/cm3or 0.65[g/cm³] ] ormore moreand and 0.840.84 or 3less,

[g/cm

[g/cm³] ] or less, and preferably and more more preferably 0.80 0.80

[g/cm3] or

[g/cm³] or more moreandand 0.83 0.83 [g/cm

[g/cm³ or 3less. ] or less. Thelength The lengthmeanmean fiber fiber length length is 0.98 is 0.98 [mm][mm] or moreor more and and 1.55 1.55

[mm] or [mm] less, or less,

preferably 1.00 preferably 1.00 [mm] or more

[mm] or more and and1.531.53[mm]

[mm]ororless, less, and morepreferably and more preferably 1.10 1.10 [mm]

[mm]oror 40 40 moreand more and1.52 1.52[mm]

[mm]ororless. less. Theamount The amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is is 1515

[%][%] or or more more and[%]38or[%] and 38 or less, less, preferably preferably 17 [%] 17 [%]

or more or and more and 37 37

[%][%] or or less, less, andandmoremore preferably preferably 18 [%]18 or [%] moreorand more andor36 36 [%] [%] or less. less.

16

[0066]

[3.

[3. Actions andEffects] Actions and Effects] 15 Dec 2023

(1) (1) Because Because thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial material11 ofof the the present present embodiment embodiment includes the includes the above Feature A, above Feature A, the the corrugated cardboardmaterial corrugated cardboard material 11 does does not not open openat at the the 5 5 creases FF when creases whenfolded foldedback backatatthe the creases creasesF. F. Further, Further, because creasecracks because crease cracksareareless less likely to likely to occur occur at at the the creases creases F,F,itit is is possible possible toto assure assurethe thefolding foldingretention retention abilityasas ability

well as well as suppressing suppressing crease crease cracks cracks at theat same the same time. Astime. As a result, a result, the regularity the regularity and theand the

stability ofofthe stability thepackaging styleofofthe packaging style thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 folded 1 folded zigzagzigzag are are assured, for assured, for example. example. 2023282329

10 10 [0067]

[0067] (2) (2) Further, because Further, because thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 of the1 of the present present

embodiment embodiment includes includes the above the above Feature Feature B, the strength B, the strength of forming of a liner a liner forming the the corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 is 1assured. is assured. Accordingly, Accordingly, rippingripping of manufactured of a box a box manufactured usingthe using thecorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 can1be can be suppressed. suppressed. In particular, In particular, it is it is 15 15 possible tosuppress possible to suppressthethe ripping ripping starting starting from from the the portions portions of the of the creases creases F underF under a a humidcondition. humid condition.

[0068]

[0068] (3) (3) Further, because Further, because thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 1 of 1 of the the present present

embodiment embodiment includes includes the above the above FeatureFeature C, the strength C, the strength of forming of a liner a liner forming the the 20 20 corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard material material 1 is 1assured. is assured. Accordingly, Accordingly, it is possible it is possible to suppress to suppress

ripping of ripping of the corrugatedcardboard the corrugated cardboard material material 1 at 1the at portions the portions of theofcreases the creases F (crease F (crease

cracks). cracks).

EXAMPLE EXAMPLE

[0069]

[0069] 25 25 [II.

[II.Example] Example]

Hereinafter, Features Hereinafter, Features A, A, B, B, andand C ofCthe of the present present invention invention willspecifically will be be specifically described with described with reference reference to to Examples Examples and andComparative Comparative Examples. Examples. However, However, the the

presentinvention present inventionshould should notnot be be limited limited to the to the following following Examples. Examples.

The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterials materials(hereinafter (hereinafter referred referred totoas as“measurement "measurement 30 30 corrugatedcardboard corrugated cardboard materials”) materials") serving serving as targets as targets for measuring for measuring parameters parameters in in Examples Examples and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples are sheets are sheets of double-faced of double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard. cardboard. The measurement The measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material has has the the following following size. size. -- Size: Size:Longitudinal Longitudinaldimension dimension 1300 1300 [mm],

[mm], Lateral Lateral dimension 1150[mm], dimension 1150 [mm], 35 35 Height dimension1800 Height dimension 1800[mm]

[mm]

[0070]

[0070] <Feature <Feature A> A> First, First, an an example relatingtotoFeature example relating Feature A will A will be be described. described.

In In Examples Examples A1A1totoA6 A6and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 A8, A7 and and one A8, of one of the the

40 40 following three following threeflutes fluteswere wereadopted. adopted. - A-flute - A-flute

- B-flute - B-flute

17

-- E-Flute E-Flute

[0071]

[0071] 15 Dec 2023

For the top For the topliner liner and andthe thebottom bottom liner liner inin each each of of Examples Examples A1 to A1 A6 to andA6 and

Comparative Examples Comparative Examples A7 A7 andand A8, A8, one one of the of the following following linerbase liner basepapers papersofofproduct product 5 5 numbers"No. numbers “No.1"1”to to "No. “No. 6”6" were were used. used. - No. - 1: Basis No. 1: Weight Basis Weight 120120

[g/m2], 2], freeness

[g/mfreeness 400 [ml] 400 [ml]

- No. - 2: Basis No. 2: Weight Basis Weight 160160 [g/m2freeness

[g/m2], ], freeness 400 [ml] 400 [ml]

- No. - 3: Basis No. 3: Weight Basis Weight 170170

[g/m2], 2

[g/mfreeness ], freeness 400 [ml] 400 [ml]

- No. - 4: Basis No. 4: Weight Basis Weight 210210 [g/m2freeness

[g/m2], ], freeness 400 [ml] 400 [ml] 2023282329

10 - No. - 5: Basis No. 5: Weight Basis Weight 120120

[g/m2], 2

[g/mfreeness ], freeness 300 [ml] 300 [ml] 10

- No. - 6: Basis No. 6: Weight Basis Weight 120120

[g/m2], 2], freeness

[g/mfreeness 600 [ml] 600 [ml]

[0072]

[0072] The liner The liner base base paper of the paper of the product product number “No. 1" number "No. 1” was manufacturedthrough was manufactured through papermakingbybya amultilayer papermaking multilayer paper papermachine machinefrom from softwood softwood kraftpulp kraft pulpand andcorrugated corrugated 15 15 cardboard cardboard used-paper used-paper pulp pulp having having a freeness a freeness of 400 of 400 [ml] as [ml] as raw materials raw materials into a into a corrugated cardboardliner corrugated cardboard liner base paper in base paper in three three layers. layers.TheThepapermaking conditions papermaking conditions

werethat were that0.5 0.5[parts

[partsbybymass] mass] of of cationic cationic paper paper strength strength agentsagents weretoadded were added every to every

total 100 total [parts by 100 [parts bymass] mass] ofof the the totalpulp total pulpofofthe thepaper paper layers, layers, andand among among theonpulp on the pulp

the surface the surfacelayer, layer,the thesoftwood softwood kraft kraft pulp pulp waswas contained contained in a proportion in a proportion of 10 [mass%]. of 10 [mass%].

20 20 All of All of the the cationic cationic paper strengthagents paper strength agentswerewere contained contained in theinsurface the surface layer.layer. The The softwoodkraft softwood kraftpulp pulpaccounted accounted for for 6 [mass%] 6 [mass%] of theof the total total pulp inpulp theinpaper the paper layers.layers.

[0073]

[0073] The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 2" number "No. 2” was wasmanufactured manufactured bybya a

manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that that the the 25 25 basis weight basis weight was changedtoto160 was changed [g/m2]. 160[g/m2. The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 3" number "No. 3” was wasmanufactured manufacturedbyby a a manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of theof the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that thethat the proportionofofthe proportion thesoftwood softwood kraft kraft pulp pulp contained contained in the in the pulppulp of surface of the the surface layer layer was was

changedtoto50 changed 50[mass%]

[mass%] and and thethe basisweight basis weightwaswas changed changed to 170 to 170 [g/m 2].

[g/m2].

30 30 The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 4" number "No. 4” was wasmanufactured manufactured byby a a

manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that thethat the basis basis weight weight was changedtoto210 was changed 210[g/m2]. 2

[g/m ].

[0074]

[0074] The liner The liner base base paper of the paper of the product product number “No. 5" number "No. 5” was manufacturedbybya was manufactured a 35 35 manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that the that the

freeness of freeness of the the softwood softwood kraft kraftpulp pulpand andthe thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard used-paper pulp was used-paper pulp was changed changed to to 300 300 [ml].

[ml].

The liner The liner base base paper of the paper of the product product number “No. 6" number "No. 6” was manufacturedbybya a was manufactured

manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that the that the

40 40 freeness of freeness of the the softwood softwood kraft kraftpulp pulpand andthe thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard used-paper pulp was used-paper pulp was changed changed to to 600 600 [ml].

[ml].

[0075]

18

The"freeness" The “freeness”is is aa parameter parameter representing representing the degree the degree tothe to which which pulpthe pulp forming forming the raw the rawmaterial materialofofa abase base paper paper is beaten. is beaten. 15 Dec 2023

Thebeating The beatingofof pulp pulp is is a a mechanical mechanical treatment treatment for beating for beating and grinding and grinding (milling) (milling)

pulp fibers, pulp fibers, and is carried and is carriedout outusing usinga awell-known well-known refiner refiner (mechanical (mechanical treatment treatment facility). facility).

5 5 Thevalue The valueofofthe thefreeness freeness cancan be adjusted be adjusted by theby the settings settings of the of the refiner. refiner.

The process The processofof beating beating the the pulp pulp (beating (beating process) process) is isperformed performed immediately immediately

before the before the papermaking processininthe papermaking process themanufacturing manufacturingprocess processofofa abase basepaper. paper.InInthis this beatingprocess, beating process, a treatment a treatment of blending of blending chemical chemical agentsagents intoorpulp into pulp ortreatment other other treatment is is performed performed in in addition addition to to beating beating of of thethe pulp pulp usedused for papermaking. for papermaking. 2023282329

10 10 [0076]

[0076] In In each each of of Examples Examples A1 A1toto A6 A6and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 A8, A7 and and one A8, one mediumbase medium base paper paper of of thefollowing the followingproduct productnumbers numbers “No. "No. 7"7”and and “No.8"8”was "No. was used used for for the medium. the medium. - No. - No. 7: 7:Basis Basisweight weight120 120 [g/m 2] [OND-EM120:

[g/m2] manufactured

[OND-EM120: manufactured by by OjiOji Materia Materia Co.,Ltd.] Co., Ltd.] 15 - No. - No. 8: 8:Basis Basisweight weight160 160 [g/m 2] [OND-EM160:

[g/m2] manufactured

[OND-EM160: manufactured by by OjiOji Materia Materia Co.,Ltd.] Co., Ltd.] 15

Each Each of of the the measurement corrugated measurement corrugated cardboard cardboard materials materials of of Examples Examples A1 to A1 to A6 and A6 andComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 and A7 and A8 awas A8 was a double-faced double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard having having aatotal total thickness thickness[mm]

[mm] listed listed in in Table Table 3. 3.

[0077]

[0077] 20 20 [Table 3]

[Table 3]

Examples Examples Comparative Examples Comparative Examples

A1 A1 A2 A2 A3 A3 A4 A4 A5 A5 A6 A6 A7 A7 A8 A8 Flute Flute A A A A A A A A B B E E A A A A Product Product No. 11 No. No. 22 No. No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 22 No. No. 22 No. No. 55 No. No. 66 No. No. No. Liner Liner Basis Basis weight weight 120 120 160 160 170 170 210 210 160 160 160 160 120 120 120 120 2]

[g/m

[g/m2]

Product Product No. 77 No. No. 77 No. No. 77 No. No. 88 No. No. 77 No. No. 77 No. No. 77 No. No. 77 No. No. No. Medium Medium Basis Basis weight weight 120 120 120 120 120 120 160 160 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

[g/m2]

[g/m2] Product Product No. 11 No. No. No. 22 No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 22 No. No. 22 No. No. 55 No. No. No. 66 No. No. Liner Liner Basis Basis weight weight 120 120 160 160 170 170 210 210 160 160 160 160 120 120 120 120

[g/m2]

Total thickness Total thickness [mm]

[mm] 5 5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 3 3 2 2 5 5 55 Freeness [ml] Freeness [ml] 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 300 300 600 600 E' E' 2.30×109 2.30x109 2.40×109 2.40x109 4.82×109 4.82x109 4.76×109 4.76x109 2.30×109 2.30x109 2.30×109 2.30x109 8.95×109 8.95x109 9.60×108 9.60x108 Dynamic Dynamic

[Mpa]

[Mpa] visco- E" E" visco- 2.21×108 2.21x108 2.12×108 2.12x108 1.79x108 8 1.79×10 1.73x108 8 1.73×10 2.21×108 2.21x108 2.21×108 2.21x108 1.83x108 8 1.83×10 1.83x108 8 1.83×10 elasticity elasticity [Mpa]

[Mpa] -１ tanδ tand 9.61×10-2 9.61x10-2 8.83×10-2 8.83x10-2 3.71×10-2 3.71x10-2 3.63×10-2 3.63x10-2 9.61×10-2 9.61x10-2 9.61×10-2 9.61x10-2 2.04×10-2 2.04x10-2 1.91×10 1.91x10-1

Stackability Stackability B B B B C C C C B B B B D D B B Crease crack Crease crack C C C C B B B B C C C C B B D D property property

[0078]

19

For For each each ofof the the above ExamplesA1A1 above Examples totoA6A6 and and Comparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 andA7 and A8, the A8, thedynamic dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity listed listed in in Table Table 3 (values 3 (values of three of three parameters, parameters, i.e., i.e., the the 15 Dec 2023

elastic modulus elastic E',the modulus E', theloss losselastic elasticmodulus modulus E", E'', and and tang)tan) was measured. was measured.

In In each each of of Examples Examples A1 A1toto A6 A6and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 A8, A7 and and the A8, value the value 5 5 of the of elastic modulus the elastic modulus E'E' was was changed changed by adjusting by adjusting the freeness the freeness of thebase of the liner liner base paper, paper,

so that so that the the value valueofoftand tanwas was adjusted. adjusted.

[0079]

[0079] The dynamic The dynamicviscoelasticity viscoelasticity was measuredusing was measured usinga ameasurement measurement sample sample piecepiece (measurement (measurement piece) piece)cut cutfrom fromeacheachofofthe themeasurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard 2023282329

10 10 materials of materials of Examples Examples A1A1to to A6 A6and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 and A7 and A8 according A8 according to to Steps Steps A1A1to to A5 A5 below. below.

[0080]

[0080] Step A1: Cut Step A1: Cut out out aa measurement measurement sheet sheet from from an an arbitrary-selectedsheet arbitrary-selected sheetlocated located abovethe above thecenter center sheet, sheet, based based on theonhalf the half of total of the the total number number of sheets of sheets in the in the

15 15 measurement measurement cardboard cardboard material material (i.e., (i.e., the center the center sheet).sheet). Specifically, Specifically, in the in thewhere case case where the total the totalnumber number M of sheets M of sheets inin the themeasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboard materialwas material wasanan odd number, odd number,a asheet sheetwas wascollected collectedbased basedononthe thenumber number determined determined by rounding by rounding off off the half the halfofofthe thetotal number total numberofofsheets sheetsin in thethe measurement measurementcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material M/2 material M/2(i.e., (i.e., the the middle middlesheet). sheet).InInthe thecase case where where the the total total number number M of the M of the

20 20 measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materials materials waswas an even an even number, number, a sheet a sheet was was collected based collected based on on thethe number number ofhalf of the the half of total of the the total number number of sheets of sheets S in thes in the measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material [(M/2)+1].

[(M/2)+1]. Note Note thatthatsheets sheetswithout without scratchesorordents scratches dents (orhaving (or having a small a small number number of scratches of scratches or dents) or dents) were carefully were carefully

selected when selected the sheets when the sheetswere werecollected. collected. 25 25 Step A2: Immerse Step A2: Immersethe themeasurement measurement sheetsheet sampled sampled in Step in Step A1 inA1tap in tap waterwater for for 15 15

[min].

Step A3: Remove Step A3: Remove the themeasurement measurement sheetsheet immersed immersed in Stepin Step A2 tap A2 from fromwater, tap water, and and separateeach separate each liner liner basebase paper paper (the (the top liner top liner and and the bottom the bottom liner) liner) of theofremoved the removed measurement measurement sheet sheet by by manually manually separating separating thethe linerbase liner basepapers papers from from the the medium medium 30 30 basepaper base paperso so as as notnot to break to break the the liner liner basebase papers. papers.

Step A4:Dry Step A4: Drythethe linerbase liner base papers papers separated separated in A3 in Step Stepin aA3 in aat dryer dryer at 105 105 [°] for [°] 20 for 20

[min].

Step A5: Cut Step A5: Cut out out aa measurement measurement samplesample piece piece of of thethe followingdimensions following dimensions from from the the liner liner base papersdried base papers driedin in Step Step A4.A4.

35 35 > Dimensions > Dimensions - Vertical - Vertical direction: direction: 55 [mm]

[mm]

- Lateral - Lateral direction: direction: 30 [mm] 30 [mm]

[0081]

[0081] For For the the measurement measurement sample sample pieces pieces cutcut outout ininthe theabove aboveStep StepA5,A5, thedynamic the dynamic 40 40 viscoelasticity (the viscoelasticity (the elastic elastic modulus modulus E',E',the theloss losselastic elasticmodulus modulusE", E'', and and tang)tan) was was

measured measured under under the the following following conditions conditions using using the following the following instrument. instrument. The The measurement measurement sample sample piece piece cutcut outout from from thethe linerbase liner basepaper paperofofthe thetop top liner liner was was used used

20 for the for the measurements. Notethat measurements. Note thatthere there was wasno nodifference difference or or there there was almost no was almost no differenceif difference if the the measurement sample measurement sample piece piece cut outcut outthe from from thebase liner linerpaper baseofpaper the of the 15 Dec 2023 bottom liner bottom liner was was used. used. > Instrument > Instrument 5 5 Dynamic viscometer Dynamic viscometer manufacturedbybyUBM manufactured UBM Co.,Co., Ltd.,model Ltd., model number number Rheogel-E4000 Rheogel-E4000 > Conditions > Conditions - Measurement - method: Measurement method: Tensile Tensile shear shear mode mode -- Frequency: 100 Frequency: 100 [Hz]

[Hz] (vibration (vibration condition) condition) 2023282329

10 10 -- Distortion: Distortion: 0.10 [%] 0.10 [%]

- Temperature: - Temperature: 2525 [°C]

[C] (Temperature condition) (Temperature condition)

[0082]

[0082] --Evaluation-- -Evaluation--

For For Example Example A1 A1totoA6A6andandComparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 A8 A7 and andinA8 in which which the the 15 15 dynamic viscoelasticity had dynamic viscoelasticity had been been measured measured asasdescribed describedabove, above,thethestackability stackability and and the the crease crack crease crack property property toto be be described described next next were evaluated. were evaluated. The"stackability" The “stackability”is is an anevaluation evaluationcriterion criterionthat thatcorresponds corresponds to the to the quality quality of the of the

packaging packaging stylestyle when themeasurement when the measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material is folded is folded zigzag zigzag (stacked), (stacked), andanditit can canalso alsobeberegarded regarded as the as the capability capability to hold to hold the sheets the sheets in theinfolded the folded 20 20 state(folding state (foldingretention retention ability). ability).

The"crease The “crease crack crack property” property" is an is an evaluation evaluation criterion criterion that that corresponds corresponds to the to the

difficulty difficultyininbeing being damaged (having damaged (having crease crease cracks) cracks) at the atportions the portions of theofcreases the creases when when the measurement the corrugated measurement corrugated cardboard cardboard material material is is foldedback folded backatatthe thecreases. creases.The The damage damage includes includes cracks, cracks, tears, tears, rips,rips, and and the like the like of the of the liner liner basebase papers papers at theat the portions portions

25 25 of the of creases.The the creases. The portions portions of of thethe creases creases are areas are areas including including the periphery the periphery of the of the creases. creases.

[0083]

[0083] A measurement A measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material to to be be evaluated evaluated waswas produced produced by folding by folding aadouble-faced double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard webmanufactured cardboard web manufacturedby by the the following following 30 30 manufacturing manufacturing process process intointo a fan-folded a fan-folded shapeshape in the in the following following foldingfolding process. process.

The manufacturing The manufacturingprocess processincludes includesthe thefollowing following Steps StepsB1 B1toto B4. B4. In In manufacturingof manufacturing of aa double-faced double-faced corrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboardweb webin inthis this manufacturing manufacturing process,a awell-known process, well-known corrugator corrugator including including a single a single facer facer and a and a double double facer isfacer used.is used.

[0084]

[0084] 35 35 - Step - Step B1: B1: Provide Provide a a medium basepaper medium base paper fedfrom fed froma amedium medium base base paper paper rollroll with with a a flute shapes flute (corrugating shapes (corrugating shapes), shapes), and and applyapply an adhesive an adhesive to the to the top top formed of the of the flute formed flute shapes. shapes. - Step - B2:Bond Step B2: Bond a linerbase a liner base paper paper for aforbottom a bottom liner liner fed from fed from a basea paper base roll paper forroll thefor the

bottom liner bottom liner totothe themedium medium base paperto base paper to which which the the adhesive adhesivehashasbeen beenapplied appliedinin Step Step 40 40 B1, andbond B1, and bond themthem together together by pressing by pressing and heating and heating them with them rollswith rolls atosingle- to form form a single- sidedcorrugated sided corrugated cardboard cardboard web (processing web (processing in the single in the single facer). facer).

21

-- Step StepB3:B3:Bond Bond a liner a liner base base paper paper for afor a liner top top liner fed fed fromfrom a base a base paper paper roll roll for a for top a top

liner to liner to the the medium side medium side of of the the single-sided single-sided corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard webinformed web formed Step in Step 15 Dec 2023

B2 with B2 with an an adhesive, and bond adhesive, and bondthem themtogether togetherbybypressing pressingand andheating heatingthem them with with heatingrolls heating rolls to to form form aadouble-faced double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard web (processing web (processing in the in the 5 5 doublefacer). double facer). - Step - Step B4: B4: Provide Provide the the double-faced double-faced corrugated cardboardweb corrugated cardboard webproduced producedin in Step Step B3B3

with creases with creasesextending extending in the in the width width direction direction and and spaced spaced apart apart at at regular regular intervals intervals in the in the extendingdirection. extending direction.

[0085]

[0085] 2023282329

10 10 Pressing andheating Pressing and heating in in the the above StepsB2 above Steps B2and andB3B3are arecarried carriedout, out, for for example, example,

under thefollowing under the followingconditions. conditions. > Step > StepB2B2(Single (Single facer) facer)

- Heating - temperature Heating temperature 120120 to 200 to 200 [°C] [C] - Roll - Roll linear linear load load 20 to 40 20 to 40 [kN/m]

[kN/m] 15 15 - Pressing - time0.01 Pressing time 0.01toto 0.20 0.20 [sec]

[sec]

> Step > B3 (Double Step B3 (Doublefacer) facer) - Heating - temperature Heating temperature 120 120 to 200 to 200 [°C] [C] - Roll - Roll linear linear load load 0.1 0.1 to to 1.0 1.0 [kN/m]

[kN/m]

- Pressing - time2 2toto7 7[sec] Pressing time [sec] 20 20 [0086]

[0086] A commonly A commonly used used one-tank one-tank type type starch starch paste paste waswas used used as the as the adhesive adhesive for for

bonding the liner bonding the liner base base papers papers and the medium and the base medium base paper paper in in Steps Steps B1B1 and and B2.B2. Note that an Note that an emulsion such as emulsion such as aa synthetic synthetic resin resin may may be used for be used for bonding the bonding the

liner base liner base papers papers and and the the medium basepaper. medium base paper.Specific Specificexamples examplesof of thesynthetic the syntheticresin resin 25 25 includepolyethylene, include polyethylene, polypropylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyamides, polyesters, polyesters, ethylene-unsaturated ethylene-unsaturated

carboxylicacid carboxylic acidcopolymers, copolymers, styrene-butadiene styrene-butadiene copolymers, copolymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile butadiene-acrylonitrile

copolymers, copolymers, styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, copolymers, polyvinyl polyvinyl acetate, acetate, ethylene- ethylene-

vinyl acetate vinyl copolymers, acetate copolymers, polyacrylic polyacrylic acidacid ester ester copolymers, copolymers, and styrene-acrylic and styrene-acrylic acid acid ester copolymers. ester copolymers. 30 30 [0087]

[0087] In In addition, addition,asasthe method the method of ofbonding bonding the theliner base liner papers base papersand andthethemedium medium

base paper base paperinin Steps Steps B1 B1andandB2, B2,aamethod method ofofforming formingananadhesive adhesive layerbybyproviding layer providingthe the liner liner base papersororthethemedium base papers mediumbase base paper paper with application, with application, such as such as an extrusion an extrusion

laminationororcoating lamination coatingwith with a a synthetic synthetic resin resin emulsion, emulsion, and then and then causing causing polymerization polymerization

35 35 on the on the liner linerbase base papers papers and and the the medium basepaper, medium base paper,ororaamethod methodofofforming forminga a synthetic resin synthetic resinfilm between film betweenthe theliner base liner papers base papersand andthe themedium medium base paper, and base paper, and pressing and pressing and heating heating them themmay maybebeemployed. employed.

[0088]

[0088] The double-faced The double-facedcorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard web web manufactured manufactured in the in the manufacturing manufacturing

40 40 processdescribed process described above above is folded is folded zigzag zigzag in a folding in a folding process process including including the following the following

StepsC1C1 Steps and and C2.C2. In this In this folding folding process, process, the the following following folding folding apparatus apparatus is usedisunder used under the following the followingconditions. conditions. 22

- Folding - Folding apparatus: apparatus: manufactured byBHS manufactured by BHS Corrugated Corrugated Machinery Machinery Product No. "AS-F", Product No. “AS-F”, 15 Dec 2023

- Transfer - Transfer speed: speed: 100 100 [m/min]

[m/min] - Step - Step C1: C1: After AfterStep Step B4, B4, transfer transferthe produced the produceddouble-faced double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard 5 5 webto web to the the folding folding apparatus apparatus described described above (see conveyance above (see conveyance part50A part 50AininFIG. FIG.2). 2). - Step - Step C2: C2: Alternately Alternatelyfold foldback backthe double-faced the double-facedcorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard web web

transportedininStep transported StepC1C1 at at creases creases intointo a fan-folded a fan-folded shapeshape to thereby to thereby prepareprepare a a measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material folded folded zigzag zigzag with with thepackage the package dimensionsdescribed dimensions describedabove above (see (see thefolding the foldingpart part 50B 50Band andthe thestacking stacking part part 50C in FIG. 50C in FIG. 2023282329

10 10 2). 2).

[0089]

[0089] In In the the evaluation ofthe evaluation of thestackability, stackability, the theappearance appearance of the of the measurement measurement

corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardmaterial material prepared preparedinin the the above StepC2 above Step C2was was visuallychecked visually checkedand and evaluatedbybythethe evaluated following following criteria. criteria.

15 15 - B: - B: Production Production of ofaameasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboardmaterial materialwas was possible,and possible, and there was there wasnono space space [see[see the the reference reference symbolsymbol S in3B]FIG. S in FIG. 3B]ofatthe at any anycreases. of the creases. - C: - C: Production Production of ofaameasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboard materialwas material was possible,but possible, but there was there space[see was space [seethe the reference reference symbol symbolS Sinin FIG. FIG. 3B] 3B] at at one or more one or creases. more creases. - D: - D: AA measurement corrugated measurement corrugated cardboard cardboard material material could could notbebeprepared. not prepared. 20 20 In In the the evaluation ofstackability, evaluation of stackability, the the evaluation evaluationofof"C" “C”orormore morewaswas regarded regarded as a as a

goodevaluation. good evaluation.

[0090]

In an evaluation In an evaluation of of the thecrease crease crack crack property, property,the themeasurement corrugated measurement corrugated

cardboardmaterial cardboard material prepared preparedin in the the above StepC2 above Step C2was wasvisually visually checked checkedtotodetermine determine 25 25 whetherorornot whether nota acrease crease crack crack occurred occurred atportions at the the portions of theofcreases, the creases, and theand the confirmationresult confirmation resultwas was evaluated evaluated by following by the the following criteria. criteria. As described As described above,above, the the “portions "portions of of the the creases" creases”areareareas areas including including the the periphery periphery of creases. of the the creases. - B: - B: No creasecrack No crease crackwaswas foundfound in of in any anytheofcreases. the creases. - C: - C: One One orormore more crease crease cracks cracks were were found found in one in or one more or more in creases creases a part in of a part of the the

30 30 width direction. width direction. - D: - D: One One oror more creasecracks more crease crackswere werefound foundininone oneorormore morecreases creasesacross across theentire the entire width direction. width direction. In In the the evaluation evaluation ofofthe thecrease crease crack crack property, property, the the evaluation evaluation of or of "C" “C”more or more was was regarded regarded as as aa good goodevaluation. evaluation. 35 35 [0091]

[0091] In Examples Examples A1 A1totoA6, A6, the the elastic elastic modulus modulus E' E' was 1.00 X 109 was 1.00 109 [Mpa]

[Mpa] oror more and more and

8.00X109 8.00 109[Mpa]

[Mpa] oror less less and and tan tand was was 2.50 2.50  or X 10-2 10-2 or and more more and 1.50 1.50or 10 X 10-1 -1 or less, less, and and

the stackability the stackability andandthe thecrease crease crack crack property property evaluation evaluation were evaluated were evaluated to be "C"to or be “C” or more. more. 40 40 In In particular, particular, ininExamples Examples A1, A1, A2, A2, A5,A5, andand A6 inA6which in which the elastic the elastic modulusmodulus E' E' was 3.00X 10910[Mpa] was3.00 9 [Mpa] or less or less and and tang tan was 7.00 10-2 or10 wasX7.00 -2 or the more, more, the stackability stackability was was evaluatedtotobebe"B"“B”although evaluated althoughthe the crease crease crackcrack property property was evaluated was evaluated to be "C".to be “C”. 23

Further, Further, in inExamples Examples A3A3 and andA4 A4inin which whichthe the elastic elastic modulus modulus E'E' was 4.00 x 109 was 4.00 109

[Mpa]orormore

[Mpa] moreandand tan tand was was X 10-2 or 4.00 4.00 -2 or less, 10less, the crease the crease crack property crack property was was 15 Dec 2023

evaluatedtotobebe"B"“B”although evaluated although the the stackability stackability was was evaluated evaluated to be to be "C". “C”.

[0092]

[0092] 5 5 In In contrast, contrast,inin Comparative Comparative Examples Examples A7 A7and andA8A8ininwhich whichthetheelastic elastic modulus modulus E'E' wasless was lessthan than1.00 1.00  10 X 109 9 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or was or was more more than 8.00thanX 8.00  10 and 109 [Mpa], 9 [Mpa], tand and tanthan is less is less than 2.50X10-2 2.50 10-2or or was wasmore more than than 1.501.50  10the X 10-1, -1, the stackability stackability or the or the crease crease crack crack property property

wasevaluated was evaluatedtoto bebe "D". “D”. In In Comparative Example Comparative Example A7A7 in in which which thetheelastic elastic modulus modulusE'E'waswasmoremore than than 8.00 8.00

 X 10 [Mpa] and tan is less than 2.50  10 , the stackability was evaluated to be “D” 2023282329

10 9 -2 109 [Mpa] and tang is less than 2.50 X 10-2, the stackability was evaluated to be "D" 10

althoughthe although thecrease crease crack crack property property was evaluated was evaluated to be to be "B". “B”. Further, Further, in Comparative in Comparative

Example Example A8A8 ininwhich whichthe theelastic elastic modulus modulus E' E' was wasless less than 1.00 X 109 than 1.00 9 10 [Mpa]

[Mpa] and andtand tan wasmore was more than than 1.501.50  10the X 10-1, -1, the stackability stackability was was evaluated evaluated to be to be "D" “D” although although the the stackability was stackability evaluated was evaluated to to be be “B”. "B".

15 15 [0093]

[0093] In In view view of ofComparative Comparative ExamplesExamplesA7A7 and and A8,A8,it itcan canbebesaid saidfrom fromExamples Examples A1 A1

to A6 to that opening A6 that opening of of foldsatatthe folds thecrease creaseareare suppressed suppressed and crease and crease cracks atcracks the at the creases are creases are suppressed suppressedwhen when thethe measurement measurement corrugated corrugated material material is folded is folded backback at at

the creases the creasesififthe theelastic elastic modulus modulus E' E' is is 1.00 1.00  10 X 109 9 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or more or more andX 8.00 and 8.00  109or[Mpa] or 109 [Mpa]

20 20 less and less andtand 2.50X 10-2 tanisis2.50 10-2orormore moreandand 1.501.50  10 X 10-1 or -1less. or less. Further, it can Further, it can be be said saidfrom fromExamples Examples A1, A5, A1, A2, A2,andA5,A6and thatA6 that opening opening of folds of folds

at the at the creases creases can can bebe prevented prevented when whenthethemeasurement measurement corrugated corrugated material material is is folded folded

backatatthe back thecreases creases if ifthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' 3.00 E' is 109 [Mpa] is 3.00 109 [Mpa] or lessor less and tangandis tan 7.00 is 7.00

 10-2 X 10-2 or or more. It can more. It canbebesaid saidfrom from Examples Examples A3A4and A3 and thatA4 that cracks crease creaseatcracks the at the 25 25 creases can creases canbe beprevented preventedwhenwhen the the measurement measurement corrugated corrugated material material is folded is folded back back at at

the creases the creasesififthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' E' is is 4.00 4.00  10 X 109 9 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or more or more andistan and tand 10-2  10-2 4.00isX 4.00

or less. or less.

[0094]

[0094] It Itis isinferred inferredfrom from Comparative Example Comparative Example A7 the A7 that thatpulp the fibers pulp fibers formingforming the liner the liner

30 30 base paper base paper do do notnot remain remain stretched stretched and and the the repulsive repulsive force toforce open to open the foldsthe folds increases, increases,

resulting resulting in in poor stackability, when poor stackability, whenthetheelastic elasticmodulus modulus E'more E' is is more than than 8.00 8.00 X 109  109 [Mpa]

[Mpa]

tan is tand is less less than 2.50X 10-2. than2.50 10-2. It It isisinferred inferredfrom from Comparative Example Comparative Example A8 an A8 that that an external external force force due to due to

bendingisisapplied bending appliedtotothe thecreases creases F while F while the the pulppulp fibers fibers forming forming the liner the liner base base paper paper 35 35 are stretched, are stretched,resulting resultingininpoor poorcrease crease crack crack property, property, whenwhen the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' is E' is less less than 1.00X 109 than1.00 9 10[Mpa]

[Mpa]andand tandtan is more is more than than 1.50 X1.50  10 . 10-1. -1

[0095]

[0095] In In addition, addition, ititcan can be seenfrom be seen fromComparative Comparative Example Example A7 inthe A7 in which which valuethe of value of

the freeness the freeness was smaller than was smaller than those those of of Examples Examples A1 A1totoA6 A6and andComparative Comparative Example Example

40 40 A8inin which A8 whichthethevalue valueof of thethe freeness freeness was was larger larger than than those those of Examples of Examples A1 to A6,A1 to A6, that that

the value the valueofofthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' E' increases increases and and the value the value of tanof8 tan  decreases decreases as the as the

24 valueofof the value thefreeness freeness decreases, decreases, and and the value the value of theofelastic the elastic modulus modulus E' decreases E' decreases and and the value the tan8increases valueofoftan increasesas as thethe value value of the of the freeness freeness increases. increases. 15 Dec 2023

In In view view of ofComparative ExampleA7A7 Comparative Example andandA8,A8, ititcan canbebesaid saidfrom fromExamples Examples A1 A1 to to A6that A6 thatthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulus E' E' is is adjusted adjusted within within the the range range X 109[Mpa] of 1.00 of 1.00 9 10 [Mpa]or moreor more

5 5 and 8.00X 109 and8.00 9 [Mpa] 10[Mpa] or or less less andand S isadjusted tan tan is adjusted withinwithin the range the range 10-2 or10-2 or of X2.50 of 2.50

more more andand 1.50 1.50  10or X 10-1 -1 or less less whenwhen the value the value of theoffreeness the freeness is 350 is 350

[ml] or[ml] moreor more and 500 and 500

[ml] or

[ml] orless. less.

[0096]

[0096] Of Examples Of Examples A1A6to having A1 to A6 having the values the same same of values of the freeness, the freeness, it is inferred it is inferred 2023282329

10 10 fromExample from Example A3which A3 in in which the proportion the proportion of theof the softwood softwood kraft kraft pulp andpulp the and basisthe basis weight weight

of the of liner base the liner paperswere base papers were different different from from thatthat in Example in Example A1,from A1, and andExample from Example A4 in A4 in whichthe which thebasis basisweight weightof of thethe liner liner base base papers papers was different was different frominthat from that in Example Example 1 that 1 that

the value the valueofofthe theelastic elasticmodulus modulusE' E' tends tends to increase to increase andvalue and the the value of tan of 8 tan  to tends tends to decrease decrease asasthethe proportion proportion of the of the softwood softwood kraft kraft pulp pulp or the orbasis the basis weightweight of the of the liner liner

15 15 base papersincreases. base papers increases. It It isisinferred inferredfrom from Examples Examples A1 A1to to A6 A6 thatthat the the lossloss elastic elastic modulus modulus E" is E'' is

preferablywithin preferably withinthetherange range of of 1.50 1.50  10 X 108 8 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or more or more andX 2.50 and 2.50  108or[Mpa] 108 [Mpa] less. or less.

[0097]

[0097] <Feature <Feature B> B> 20 20 Next, Examples Next, Examples related related to the to the Feature Feature B willB be willdescribed. be described.

[0098]

[0098] In In Examples Examples B1 B1totoB19 B19andandComparative Comparative Examples Examples B20B29, B20 to to B29, one ofonethe of the following three following threeflutes flutes were wereadopted. adopted. - A-Flute - (single wall), A-Flute (single wall), total total thickness: 5.0 [mm] thickness: 5.0 [mm] 25 25 - E-Flute - (single wall), E-Flute (single wall), total total thickness: 1.5 [mm] thickness: 1.5 [mm] - AB-Flute - (double AB-Flute (double wall),total wall), totalthickness: thickness:8.58.5 [mm]

[mm]

[0099]

[0099] For the top For the topliner liner and andthe thebottom bottom liner liner inin each each of of Examples Examples B1 to B1 B19to B19 and and

ComparativeExamples Comparative Examples B20B20 to B29, to B29, oneone of the of the followingliner following liner base basepapers papersofofproduct product 30 30 numbers numbers “No. "No. 1" 1” to to “No. "No. 25"25” werewere used used fortop for the theliner top liner andbottom and the the bottom liner. liner. The The liner liner

base papersof base papers of product product numbers numbers"No.“No.1"1”toto "No. “No. 15" 15” each each have havethe thefollowing following basis basis

weightand weight anddensity. density. - No. - 1: Basis No. 1: weight120 Basis weight 120 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.8 0.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- No. - 2 and No. 2 andNos. Nos.6 6 toto 25: 25: Basis Basis weight weight 170 170 [g/m

[g/m2], 2], density density 0.8 [g/cm3] 0.8 [g/cm³]

35 35 - No. - 3: Basis No. 3: weight210 Basis weight 210 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.80.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- No. - 4: Basis No. 4: weight280 Basis weight 280 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.80.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- No. - 5: Basis No. 5: weight170 Basis weight 170 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.6 0.6 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

[0100]

[0100] The liner The liner base base paper of the paper of the product product number “No. 1" number "No. 1” was manufacturedthrough was manufactured through 40 40 papermakingbybya amultilayer papermaking multilayer paper papermachine machinefrom from softwood softwood kraftpulp kraft pulpand andcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard used-paper used-paper pulp pulp having having a freeness a freeness of 300 of 300 [ml] as [ml] as raw materials raw materials into a into a

corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardliner liner base paper in base paper in three three layers layersunder under the thefollowing followingpapermaking papermaking

25 conditions. The conditions. The freeness freeness was measured was measured byby thefollowing the followingmeasuring measuring apparatus apparatus in in accordancewith accordance withJIS JISP8121 P81212012. 2012. 15 Dec 2023

- Measurement - apparatus:Product Measurement apparatus: Product name name “Canadian "Canadian Standard Standard Freeness”, Freeness", KUMAGAI KUMAGAI

RIKI RIKI KOGYO KOGYO Co., Co., Ltd.,Product Ltd., Productnumber number "No.“No. 2580-A” 2580-A"

5 5 [0101]

[0101] - Papermaking - conditionsof Papermaking conditions of product product number number"No.“No.1"1” > Sizing > Sizing agent: agent: aa chemical chemical agent agent having the name having the “SizePine name "Size PineN-830 N-830(manufactured (manufactured by Arakawa by Arakawa Chemical Chemical Industries, Industries, Ltd.)” Ltd.)" ("a" (“” in Tables in Tables 4 to 74 below) to 7 below) was contained was contained in an in an amount amount of of 0.3 0.3 [parts

[parts byby mass] mass] per per every every totaltotal 100 [parts 100 [parts by mass] by mass] of the of thepulp total totalofpulp the of the 2023282329

10 10 paper layers paper layers > Paper > agent: a strength agent: Paper strength a chemical agent having chemical agent having the the name name"PT-1001 “PT-1001 (manufactured (manufactured by byArakawa Arakawa Chemical Chemical Industries, Industries, Ltd.)”was Ltd.)" wascontained containedininananamount amount ofof

0.2 [parts 0.2 [parts by by mass] mass]perper every every total total 100100 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] oftotal of the the total pulp pulp of paper of the the paper layers layers

15 15 > Sulfuric > Sulfuric acid acid band: band:contained containedin in 5 [parts 5 [parts by by mass] mass] per every per every total total 100 [parts 100 [parts by by mass]ofofthe mass] thetotal totalpulp pulpofofthe thepaper paper layers layers

> Softwood > Softwood kraftpulp: kraft pulp: contained contained in ainproportion a proportion of[mass%] of 10 10 [mass%] of the of thefibers pulp pulp in fibers in the surface the surfacelayer. layer.The The softwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp accounted accounted for 6 for 6 [mass%]

[mass%] of thepulp of the total total in pulp in

the paper the paperlayers. layers. 20 20 > Amount > Amount of of fine fine fibers:3333 fibers: [%]

[%] of of the the pulp pulp fibers fibers forming forming the the liner. liner.

The surface The surface layer layer among among thethethree threelayers layers ofof the the liner linerbase basepapers paperswaswas prepared prepared

under the above under the abovepapermaking papermaking conditions.The conditions. The papermaking papermaking conditions conditions of of thethe middle middle layer andthe layer and theback back layer layer among among the three the three layers layers of theofliner the liner base base paperspapers are not are not limited limited

to the to the above above papermaking conditions. papermaking conditions. 25 25 [0102]

[0102] The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 2" number "No. 2” was wasmanufactured manufacturedbyby a a manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that the that the

basis weight basis weight was changedtoto170 was changed 170[g/m2. 2

[g/m ]. The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 3" number "No. 3” was wasmanufactured manufactured byby a a

30 30 manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that the that the

basis weight basis weight was changedtoto210 was changed [g/m2]. 210[g/m2]. The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 4" number "No. 4” was wasmanufactured manufactured byby a a

basis weight basis weight was changedtoto280 was changed [g/m2]. 280[g/m2]. 35 35 [0103]

[0103] Each Each ofofthe theliner linerbase basepapers papers of product of product numbers numbers "No. 5"“No. 5” to25" to "No. “No. was25” was

manufactured manufactured bymanufacturing by a a manufacturingmethodmethod similar similar to that to of that of thebase the liner linerpaper baseofpaper "No. of “No.

2” except 2" forthe except for thefollowing. following. - No. - 5: The No. 5: densitywas The density was changed changed 0.6 [g/cm3] to[g/cm³] to 0.6

40 40 - No. - 6: The No. 6: amount The amount of of fine fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 25 to 25and

[%], [%],theand the mean length length mean fiber fiber

length was length changedtoto1.08 was changed 1.08[mm]

[mm]

26

- No. - 7: The No. 7: amount The amount of of fine fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 45 to 45and

[%], [%], and the the mean length length mean fiber fiber length was length changedtoto0.95 was changed 0.95[mm]

[mm] 15 Dec 2023

- No. - 8: The No. 8: proportionofofthe The proportion thesoftwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp contained contained inpulp in the the pulp of theofsurface the surface layer layer was changedtoto20 was changed 20[mass%],

[mass%],and and thelength the lengthmean mean fiberlength fiber lengthwaswaschanged changed to to 5 5 1.50 1.50 [mm]

[mm]

[0104]

[0104] - No. - No. 9: 9:The The amount amount ofof the the sizing sizingagent agent added added was changedtoto33[parts was changed [parts by by mass] mass] - No. - No. 10: 10: The The amount amount of of the the sizing sizing agent agent added waschanged added was changed toto5 5[parts

[parts byby mass] mass] - No. - No. 11: 11: The The sizing sizingagent agent was was changed changed to to aa chemical chemical agent agenthaving havingthe the name name"Size “Size 2023282329

10 10 Pine NT-78 Pine NT-78 (manufactured (manufactured by Arakawa by Arakawa ChemicalChemical Industries,Industries, Ltd.)" ("B"Ltd.)” (“” in4 Tables in Tables to 7 4 to 7 below) below) - No. - No. 12: 12: The The sizing sizingagent agent was was changed changed to to aa chemical chemical agent agenthaving havingthe the name name"Size “Size Pine K-287 Pine K-287 (manufactured (manufactured by Arakawa by Arakawa ChemicalChemical Industries, Industries, Ltd.)" ("y"Ltd.)” (“” in4 Tables in Tables to 7 4 to 7 below) below) 15 15 - No. - No. 13: 13: The The amount amount ofof paper paper strength strength agent agent added addedwaswaschanged changed to to 1.51.5 [partsbyby

[parts mass] mass]

[0105]

[0105] - No. - No. 14: 14: The The amount amount ofof the the paper strength agent paper strength addedwas agent added waschanged changed to to 3.0[parts 3.0 [partsby by mass] mass] 20 20 - No. - 15: The No. 15: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 38and to 38 [%], [%], theand the mean length length mean fiber fiber

length was length changedtoto0.98 was changed 0.98[mm]

[mm] - No. - 16: The No. 16: Theproportion proportion of of the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard used-paper used-paper pulp contained pulp contained in in the pulp the pulp of of the thesurface surfacelayer layerwaswaschanged changed to to 100 100 [mass%]

[mass%] - No. - 17: The No. 17: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 45the to 45 [%], [%], the length length mean mean fiber fiber 25 25 length was length changedtoto0.95 was changed 0.95[mm],

[mm],and andthetheamount amount ofof sizingagent sizing agentadded added was was changed changed to 5.0 to [parts by 5.0 [parts by mass] mass]

[0106]

[0106] - No. - 18: The No. 18: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 20and to 20 [%], [%], theand the mean length length mean fiber fiber

length was length changedtoto1.12 was changed 1.12[mm]

[mm] 30 30 - No. - 20: The No. 20: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 50and to 50 [%], [%], theand the mean length length mean fiber fiber

length was length changedtoto0.94 was changed 0.94[mm]

[mm] - No. - 20: The No. 20: Theproportion proportion of of the the softwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp contained contained in theinpulp the of pulptheofsurface the surface layer was layer changedtoto20 was changed 20[mass%],

[mass%],and and the thelength lengthmean mean fiberlength fiber lengthwas waschanged changed to to

1.60 1.60 [mm]

[mm] 35 35 - No. - No. 21: 21: No No sizing sizingagent agent was was added added

[0107]

[0107] - No. - No. 22: 22: The The amount amount ofof the the sizing sizing agent agent added waschanged added was changed toto8.08.0[part

[part by by mass] mass] - No. - No. 23: 23: No No paper paper strength strength agent agent was added was added - No. - No. 24: 24: The The amount amount ofof the the paper strength agent paper strength agent added waschanged added was changed to to 5.0[parts 5.0 [partsby by 40 40 mass] mass] - No. - 25: The No. 25: Theproportion proportion of of the the softwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp contained contained in theinpulp the of pulp theofsurface the surface layer was layer changedtoto20 was changed 20[mass%],

[mass%],thetheamount amount of of thesizing the sizingagent agentadded addedwaswas changed changed

27 to 8.0 to [parts by 8.0 [parts by mass], mass],the theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 50and to 50 [%], [%], theand the length length meanfiber mean fiber length length was changedtoto1.60 was changed 1.60[mm]

[mm] 15 Dec 2023

[0108]

[0108] For For measuring measuring the thecontent content concentrations concentrationsof of chemical chemical agents agentssuchsuchasasthe thesizing sizing 5 5 agentand agent andthethe paper paper strength strength agent agent contained contained in the in the base liner liner papers, base papers, the content the content

concentrationofofeach concentration each chemical chemical agentagent (the ratio (the ratio relative relative to theto pulp the pulp weight) weight) was was measuredusing measured usinga apyrolysis pyrolysis gas gaschromatograph chromatograph massmass spectrometer spectrometer (pyrolysis (pyrolysis

apparatus: PY-2020D apparatus: PY-2020D manufactured manufactured by Frontier by Frontier Laboratories Laboratories Ltd.,gas Ltd., gaschromatograph chromatograph massspectrometer: mass spectrometer:5973N 5973N manufactured manufactured by Agilent by Agilent Technologies, Technologies, Inc.). Inc.). 2023282329

10 10 The above The aboveliner liner base base papers paperstoto be be analyzed analyzedwere werepeeled peeledoff offfrom fromthethe medium medium base paperby base paper bythe the following following Steps Steps D1 to D2, D1 to D2, and the liner and the linerbase base papers papers were dried and were dried and

thenpulverized then pulverizedbyby a pulverizer. a pulverizer. TwoTwo samples samples of 200ofto200 300 to 300

[ug] of [g] of the pulverized the pulverized

product were product wereanalyzed analyzedusing usingthe thepyrolysis pyrolysis gas chromatographmass gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. spectrometer.

[0109]

[0109] 15 15 In In the the above above pyrolysis pyrolysis gas gas chromatograph chromatograph mass mass spectrometer, spectrometer, a a peak peak waswas extractedwith extracted withreference reference to to a peak a peak of the of the target target chemical chemical agentagent obtained obtained when a when a

calibration curve calibration curvewas was prepared, prepared, the the peak peak area area was read, and was read, and the the read read peak peak area areawaswas comparedagainst compared againstthe theabove abovecalibration calibration curve, curve, whereby wherebythe thecontent contentconcentration concentrationof of the the target chemical target chemicalagent agentwaswas calculated. calculated.

20 20 The measurement The measurement waswas performed performed twicetwice for for eacheach sample, sample, and and the average the average valuevalue

wasdetermined was determined to beto used be used as theascontent the content concentration concentration of the chemical of the chemical agent (theagent ratio (the ratio

relative to relative to the the pulp weight). pulp weight).

It It is istotobebenoted noted that that each chemical each chemical agent agent was was impregnated impregnated into filter into filter paperspapers (manufactured (manufactured of of ADVANTEC, ADVANTEC, CO., CO., LTD., LTD., qualitative circular circular qualitative filter No. filter paper, paper, No.that 2), so 2), so that 25 25 the contents the contentsofofthethechemical chemical agent agent werewere 0.01 0.01 [%],[%],

[%], 0.1 0.11[%],

[%],15[%],

[%],5and[%],10and

[%] 10 by [%] by

weight and weight and then then dried, dried, which which were usedas were used assamples samplesfor foraacalibration calibration curve. curve.Each Each

sampleforfora acalibration sample calibrationcurve curve waswas milled, milled, and and 200 to200 to[ug] 300 300of[g] theofmilled the milled product product were were analyzed by analyzed by the the pyrolysis pyrolysis gas gas chromatograph chromatograph mass mass spectrometer spectrometer to to generate generate thethe above above calibration curve. calibration curve. 30 30 [0110]

[0110] In In the the above above product product number “No.5", number "No. 5”, the the density density was was changed changed by byadjusting adjusting the the nip pressure nip pressureofofthethemultilayer multilayerpaper paper machine. machine.

In In the the above product above product numbers numbers "No. “No. 6" to 6” to “No. "No. 8”, “No. 8", "No. 15”, 17" 15", "No. “No.to17” to20", "No. “No. 20”, and"No. and “No.25", 25”,the theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers andand the the length length mean mean fiber length fiber length were adjusted were adjusted

35 35 using a using a fiber fiberclassifier classifier(MAX-F700, (MAX-F700,manufactured manufactured by by AIKAWA IronWorks AIKAWA Iron Works Co., Co., Ltd.).In Ltd.). In the product the productnumbers numbers"No.“No. 7” "No. 7" and and “No. 17”, fibers 17", pulp pulp fibers other other thanfibers than fine fine fibers were were removed removed using using the the fiber fiber classifier. classifier.

[0111]

[0111] In In each each of of Examples Examples B1 B1toto B19 B19and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples B20 B20 to B29, to B29, one one

40 40 medium base medium base paper paper of of thefollowing the followingproduct productnumbers numbers “No. "No. 26”and 26" and “No.27" "No. 27”was was used used

for the for themedium. medium.

28

- No. - No. 26: 26: Basis Basis weight weight 120 120 [g/m 2], density

[g/m2], density0.65 0.65[g/cm 3] [OND-EM120:

[g/cm³] manufactured

[OND-EM120: manufactured

by Oji Materia by Oji MateriaCo., Co.,Ltd.] Ltd.] 15 Dec 2023

- No. - No. 27: 27: Basis Basis weight weight 160 160 [g/m 2], density

[g/m2], density0.65 0.65[g/cm 3] [OND-EM160:

[g/cm³] manufactured

[OND-EM160: manufactured

by Oji Materia by Oji MateriaCo., Co.,Ltd.] Ltd.] 5 5 For For each of Examples each of Examples B1 B1totoB19 B19andand Comparative Comparative Examples Examples B20 B20 to B29to above, B29 above, the liner the liner fiber fiber information listed in information listed in Tables Tables 44to to 77 was wasmeasured. measured. The measured The measured values ofvalues of variousparameters various parameters suchsuch as density, as the the density, the length the length meanlength, mean fiber fiber length, the finethe fine fibers, fibers,

andthe and thebasis basisweight, weight, as as well well as as thethe parts parts by mass by mass of theofsizing the sizing agent agent and theand the paper paper

strength strength agent agent may havemeasurement may have measurement errors errors of of plus plus ororminus minus 10%. 10%. 2023282329

10 10 [0112]

[0112]

[Table

[Table 4]4] Examples Examples

B1 B1 B2 B2 B3 B3 B4 B4 B5 B5 B6 B6 B7 B7 A A A A A A A A E E AB AB A A Product No. Product No. - No. 11 No. No. 22 No. No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 22 No. No. 22 No. No. 55 No.

Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ 120/0.8 120/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 210/0.8 210/0.8 280/0.8 280/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.6 170/0.6 y y Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - No. 27 No. 27 - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) 160/0.6 160/0.6 (1) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 y y Product No. Product No. - No. 26 No. 26 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 Middle Middle Basis Basis liner 120/0.6 120/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 liner weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ 160/0.5 160/0.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 y y Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - No. 27 No. 27 - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (2) (2) 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 y y Product No. Product No. - No. No. 11 No. 22 No. No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 22 No. No. 22 No. No. 55 No.

Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 120/0.8 120/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 210/0.8 210/0.8 280/0.8 280/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.6 170/0.6 y y Amount Amount parts by parts by Sizing Sizing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 added added mass mass agent agent Type Type -‐ α a α a α a α a α a α a α a Paper Paper Amount Amount parts by parts by strength strength 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 added added mass mass agent agent

Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Liner fiber Liner fiber length mean length mean mm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 info. info. fiber length fiber length mm Fine fibers Fine fibers % % 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33

Total thickness Total thickness mm 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1.5 1.5 8.5 8.5 5 5 mm Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 condition BB condition Loadtest Load test Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 condition AA condition

[0113]

29

[Table 5]

[Table 5) Examples Examples 15 Dec 2023

B8 B8 B9 B9 B10 B10 B11 B11 B12 B12 B13 B13 B14 B14 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Product No. Product No. - No. 66 No. No. 77 No. No. 88 No. No. 99 No. No. 10 No. 10 No. 11 No. 11 No. 12 No. 12 Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8

yy Product No. Product No. - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) (1) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

yy Product No. Product No. - - No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 2023282329

Middle Middle Basis Basis liner liner 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 5 5 5 5 55 5 5 55 5 5 55 yy Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (2) (2) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

yy Product No. Product No. - No. 66 No. No. 77 No. No. 88 No. No. 99 No. No. 10 No. 10 No. 11 No. 11 No. 12 No. 12 Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8

yy Amount Amount parts by parts by Sizing Sizing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 11 3 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 added added mass mass agent agent Type Type ‐ - α a α a α a α a α a β γ Y Paper Paper Amount Amount parts by parts by strength strength 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 added added mass mass agent agent

Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.43 1.43 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Liner fiber Liner fiber Length Length mean mean mm 1.08 1.08 0.95 0.95 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 info. info. fiber length fiber length mm Fine fibers Fine fibers % 25 25 45 45 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 % Total thickness Total thickness mm 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 mm Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 condition BB condition Loadtest Load test Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 condition AA condition

[0114]

30

[Table 6]

[Table 6] Comparative Comparative Examples Examples Examples Examples 15 Dec 2023

B15 B15 B16 B16 B17 B17 B18 B18 B19 B19 B20 B20 B21 B21

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Product No. Product No. - No. 13 No. 13 No. 14 No. 14 No. 15 No. 15 No. 16 No. 16 No. 17 No. 17 No. 18 No. 18 No. 19 No. 19 Liner Liner Basis Basis 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 33 yy Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) (1) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ - - - - - - - - - - - - -- yy 2023282329

Product No. Product No. - - No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 Middle Middle Basis Basis liner 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 liner weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 5 5 5 5 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 55 yy Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (2) (2) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 - - - - - - - - - - -- - -

yy Product No. Product No. - - No. 13 No. 13 No. 14 No. 14 No. 15 No. 15 No. 16 No. 16 No. 17 No. 17 No. 18 No. 18 No. 19 No. 19 Liner Liner Basis Basis 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 3 3 yy Amount Amount parts by parts by Sizing Sizing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 added added mass mass agent ‐- agent Type Type α a α a α a α a α a α a α a Paper Paper Amount Amount parts by parts by strength strength 1.5 1.5 3 3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 added added mass mass agent agent

Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.45 1.36 1.36 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Liner fiber Liner fiber Length mean Length mean mm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.95 1.12 1.12 0.94 0.94 info. info. fiber length fiber length mm Fine fibers Fine fibers % % 33 33 33 33 38 38 33 33 45 45 20 20 50 50

Total thickness Total thickness mm 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 mm Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 11 condition BB condition Loadtest Load test Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 4 4 5 5 33 33 5 5 2 2 2 2 condition AA condition

[0115]

31

[Table

[Table 77] Comparative Examples Comparative Examples 15 Dec 2023

B22 B22 B23 B23 B24 B24 B25 B25 B26 B26 B27 B27 B28 B28 B29 B29 E E AB AB A A A A A A A A A A A A Product No. Product No. - No. 19 No. 19 No. 19 No. 19 No. 20 No. 20 No. 21 No. 21 No. 22 No. 22 No. 23 No. 23 No. 24 No. 24 No. 25 No. 25 Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m²/g/cm³ 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8

yy Product No. Product No. - - - No. 27 No. 27 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) (1) 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 - -

yy Product No. Product No. - - No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 No. 27 2023282329

Middle Middle Basis Basis liner 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 liner weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m²/g/cm³ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 yy Product No. Product No. - - - No. 27 No. 27 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (2) 160/0.6 160/0.6 (2) weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 /g/cm³ g/m²/ g/cm3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 5 yy Product No. Product No. - No. 19 No. 19 No. 19 No. 19 No. 20 No. 20 No. 21 No. 21 No. 22 No. 22 No. 23 No. 23 No. 24 No. 24 No. 25 No. 25 Liner Liner Basis Basis weight/densit weight/densit g/m2 / g/cm3 g/m2/g/cm³ 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8

yy Amount Amount parts by parts by Sizing Sizing 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 5 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 5 5 added added mass mass agent agent Type Type ‐ - α a α a α a - - α a α a α a α a Paper Paper Amount Amount parts by parts by strength strength 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 5 5 0.2 0.2 added added mass mass agent agent

Runkelratio Runkel ratio ‐ - 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.45 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.45

Liner fiber Liner fiber Length mean Length mean mm 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 1.60 1.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.60 1.60 info. info. fiber length fiber length mm Fine fibers Fine fibers % 50 50 50 50 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 50 50 % Total thickness Total thickness mm 1.5 1.5 8.5 8.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 mm Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 11 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 condition BB condition Loadtest Load test Temperatureand Temperature andhumidity humidity 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 condition AA condition

[0116]

[0116] The"liner The “liner fiber fiber information” is information information" is informationmeasured measured on pulp on pulp fibers fibers constituting constituting a a liner base liner paper,and base paper, and includes includes three three types types of information: of information: “Runkel "Runkel ratio”, ratio", “length "length mean mean 5 5 length", and fiber length”, fiber “amount and "amount of of finefibers". fine fibers”. TheRunkel The Runkel ratio ratio is is aa parameter parameter indicating indicating the shape the shape of fibers, of pulp pulp fibers, and isand is calculatedasas(Runkel calculated (Runkel ratio) ratio) = (fiberwall = (fiber wallthickness thickness  2) X 2) / (fiberpore / (fiber pore diameter). diameter). A larger A larger

Runkel ratioindicates Runkel ratio indicatesfibers fiberswithwithhigher higher rigidity. rigidity.

Thelength The lengthmeanmeanfiberfiber length length is the is the average average oflengths of the the lengths of fibers of pulp pulp fibers 10 10 constituting constituting a liner a liner (fiber (fiber lengths). lengths).

Theamount The amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is is the the proportion proportion [%][%] of the of the amount amount of contained of contained fine fine fibers relative fibers relative toto the the total totalpulp pulp fibers fibers (taken (taken to to be 100[%]) be 100 [%])constituting constitutinga aliner. liner.The Thefine fine fibers are fibers fine fibers are fine fibers having fiber lengths having fiber lengthsofof0.00.0[mm]

[mm]or or more more and and 0.2 [mm] 0.2 [mm] or less. or less.

[0117]

32

Thethree The threetypes typesof of “linerfiber "liner fiberinformation" information”ofof"Runkel “Runkel ratio”,"length ratio", “length mean mean fiber fiber

and"amount length”, and length", “amountof of fine fine fibers” fibers" were were measured measured in theinfollowing the following Steps Steps D1 D1 to D5. to D5. 15 Dec 2023

Step D1: Cut Step D1: Cut the the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial material ofof the the second uppermostinto second uppermost intoaa 40 40

[cm] square,

[cm] square, and use the and use the 4040 [cm]

[cm] square corrugatedcardboard square corrugated cardboardsheet sheetforfor measurement. measurement. 5 5 Thecut The cutposition positionwaswasat at thethe middle middle in the in the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard sheetThen, sheet width. width. Then, immersethe immerse thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboardsheetsheet ininion-exchanged ion-exchanged water water forfor 1515 minutes minutes and and

remove remove itit from from the the ion-exchanged ion-exchanged water.water. Step D2:Separate Step D2: Separate eacheach linerliner basebase paperpaper (theliner (the top top and linerthe and the bottom bottom liner) ofliner) the of the

corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardsheetsheetremoved removed in in Step Step D1D1 from from thethe medium medium basebase paperpaper by by 2023282329

10 10 manually separating manually separating the the liner liner basebase papers papers so as sonotas tonot to break break thebase the liner linerpapers. base papers. Step D3: Immerse Step D3: Immerseeach each ofofthe theliner liner base papersand base papers andthe themedium medium base base paper paper separated in separated in Step D2 in Step D2 in ion-exchanged ion-exchanged water waterforfor 24 24 hours hourswithwith the the adjusted adjusted

concentration of concentration of 2%. 2%. Step D4: After Step D4: After immersing immersing eacheachof of the the liner linerbase base papers papers and and the the medium basepaper medium base paper 15 15 with the with the adjusted adjustedconcentration concentration in Step in Step D3 24 D3 for forhours, 24 hours, perform perform dissociation dissociation by usingbya using a

standard type disintegrator standard type disintegrator (manufactured (manufactured by by KUMAGAI KUMAGAI RIKI RIKI KOGYO KOGYO Co., Ltd.) Co., Ltd.) for 20 for 20

minutestotodecompose minutes decompose the into the pulp pulp ainto a fibrous fibrous form. form.

Step D5:Separate Step D5: Separate the the slurry slurry (pulp (pulp fiber) fiber) after after thethe dissociation dissociation in Step in Step D4, D4, and and

measure measure thethe “Runkel "Runkel ratio”, ratio", thethe “length "length meanmean fiber fiber length”, length", and"amount and the the “amount of fine of fine

20 20 fibers” by fibers" usingthe by using thefollowing followingfiber fiberlength lengthmeasurement measurement device. device.

- Fiber - Fiber length lengthmeasurement device:Product measurement device: Productnumber number FS-5 FS-5 UHDUHD basebase unit,unit,

manufacturedbybyValmet manufactured Valmet

[0118]

[0118] --Evaluation-- -Evaluation--

25 25 The fragility The fragility ofofananevaluation evaluation boxbox waswasevaluated evaluatedon onExamples Examples B1 to B19 B1 to and B19 and Comparative Examples Comparative Examples B20B20 to B29 to B29 in which in which thethe “Runkel "Runkel ratio”,the ratio", the"length “length mean meanfiber fiber length”, and length", and the the “amount "amount of of fine finefibers” fibers"hadhad been been measured measured as as described described above. above.

Theterm The term"fragility" “fragility” is is an evaluationcriterion an evaluation criterionthat that corresponds corresponds to to thethe largeness largeness of of

the load the loadbearing bearingcapacity capacity against against the the contents contents contained contained in the in theThe box. box. The fragility fragility was was 30 30 evaluatedinina aload evaluated loadtest testaccording accordingto to Steps Steps E1E6tobelow. E1 to E6 below. - Step - Step E1: E1: Punch Punch the the measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material intointo a a

development development pattern pattern of evaluation of an an evaluation box having box having the following the following shape andshape size and with size a with a samplecutter sample cutter (manufactured (manufactured by byMimaki MimakiEngineering Engineering Co.,Ltd., Co., Ltd.,CF2-1218). CF2-1218). > Shape: > Pattern of Shape: Pattern of aa developed RSC developed RSC corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard boxbox

35 35 > Size: > Size: Width Width of of side sideplates platesofof thethe RSC RSCcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard box 356 [mm], box 356 [mm], Width of Width of end plates of end plates of the theRSC corrugated cardboard RSC corrugated cardboardbox box159 159[mm],

[mm], Height of the Height of the RSC corrugatedcardboard RSC corrugated cardboardbox box256 256 [mm]

[mm]

- Step - E2:Manually Step E2: Manually form form creased creased lineslines (creases) (creases) havinghaving the following the following depth todepth the to the

regions thatare regions that aretotodefine definethe thebottom bottom surface surface of the of the evaluation evaluation box box in theindevelopment the development 40 40 pattern punched pattern punched in in Step Step E1 with E1 with the following the following ruling ruling jig, jig, and and assemble assemble the evaluation the evaluation

box manually. box manually.

33

> Ruling > Ruling jig: jig:RRrule (creased rule (creasedline width line 2 [mm], width manufactured 2 [mm], manufacturedbybyNIPPON DIE NIPPON DIE

STEEL CO.,LTD.) STEEL CO., LTD.) 15 Dec 2023

> Depth > Depthofofcreased creased line: line: Recessed Recessed with with a a depth depth of 50 of 50 [%] of [%] the of thethickness total total thickness of of the measurement the corrugated measurement corrugated cardboard cardboard material material 5 5 - Step - E3:Treat Step E3: Treatthe theevaluation evaluation boxbox assembled assembled inE2Step in Step E2the under under the following following

temperature temperature andand humidity humidity condition condition A forA1 for 1 [hour].

[hour].

> Temperature > andhumidity Temperature and humiditycondition conditionA:A:Temperature Temperatureof of 3030 [C],humidity

[°C], humidity of of 90 90

[%Rh]

[%Rh] - Step - E4:After Step E4: Aftertreating treatinginin Step StepE3, E3,place place a weight a weight of [kg] of 15 15 [kg] in weight in weight in in the the 2023282329

10 10 evaluation box evaluation box under under thethe above temperatureand above temperature andhumidity humiditycondition conditionA.A.Note Notethat that the the weightisis placed weight placedsosothat thatthethe load load is is applied applied to to thethe entire entire bottom bottom surface surface of evaluation of the the evaluation box. box. - Step - E5:After Step E5: AfterStep StepE4, E4, two two operators operators liftlift up up thethe evaluation evaluation box box and for and keep keep30 for 30

[sec]. [sec]. - Step - E6:Visually Step E6: Visuallycheck check whether whether or not or not the evaluation the evaluation box box was was in ripped ripped Step in E5.Step E5.

15 15 [0119]

[0119] Thefragility The fragility described above described above waswas evaluated evaluated according according to the to the following following criteria. criteria.

- 5: - 5: The bottomsurface The bottom surfaceof of thethe evaluation evaluation box box did changed did not not changed at all.at all.

- 4: - 4: Although Although thethebottom bottom surface surface of the of the evaluation evaluation boxnot box was was not ripped, ripped, the bottom the bottom

surface(inner surface (innerliner liner of of the the evaluation evaluationbox) box)hadhad a dent a dent or bend. or bend.

20 20 - 3: - 3: Although Although thethebottom bottom surface surface of the of the evaluation evaluation boxnot box was was not ripped, ripped, the bottom the bottom

surface(both surface (bothinner innerandand outer outer liners liners of of thethe evaluation evaluation box)box) had ahad a or dent dent or bend. bend.

- 2: - 2: The bottomsurface The bottom surfaceof of thethe evaluation evaluation box box (inner (inner linerliner of the of the evaluation evaluation box) box) was was

ripped. ripped.

- 1: - 1: The evaluationbox The evaluation box was was severely severely ripped ripped whilewhile being being lifted lifted and kept, and kept, and and the the 25 25 weightfell weight fell from theevaluation from the evaluationbox. box. Of the Of the above above criteria,"3" criteria, “3”or or more morewaswas regarded regarded as a as a evaluation good good evaluation and "2" and or “2” or less was less regardedas was regarded asaa bad badevaluation. evaluation.

[0120]

[0120] The load The load test test under under the the above temperatureand above temperature andhumidity humiditycondition condition AAis is an an

30 30 evaluationofofthe evaluation thefragility fragility of of the the evaluation boxunder evaluation box under a humid a humid condition condition (wet (wet test).test).

In In addition to the addition to wettest, the wet test, for for each each ofofthe themeasurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard

materials of materials of Examples Examples B1 B1to to B19 B19andandComparative Comparative Examples Examples B20 B20 to B29, to B29, the the fragilityofof fragility

an evaluation an evaluationboxbox is is also also evaluated evaluated in ainload a load testtest under under thecondition the dry dry condition of theoffollowing the following temperature temperature andand humidity humidity condition condition B test). B (dry (dry test). 35 35 > Temperature > andhumidity Temperature and humiditycondition conditionB:B:Temperature Temperature2323 [C],humidity

[°C], humidity5050[%Rh]

[%Rh] Thedry The drytest testwas was similar similar toto the the testofofSteps test StepsE1 E1 to above to E6 E6 above exceptexcept that that the the temperatureand temperature andhumidity humiditycondition condition AA was waschanged changed to to theabove the above temperature temperature andand humiditycondition humidity conditionB B in in Steps Steps E3 E3 and and E4. E4.

[0121]

40 40 In In Examples Examples B1 B1totoB19, B19,the the amount amountofofthe thesizing sizing agent addedwas agent added was0.2 0.2[parts

[parts by by mass]orormore mass] more andand 4.0 4.0 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] or less, or less, the amount the amount of thestrength of the paper paper strength agent agent addedwas added was0.1 0.1[parts

[parts by by mass] mass]or or more moreand and4.0 4.0[parts

[parts by by mass] mass]or or less, less, the the length lengthmean mean

34 fiber length fiber of the length of pulp fibers the pulp fibers was was0.90 0.90 [mm]

[mm] or more or more and [mm] and 1.55 1.55or[mm] less,orthe less, the amount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers was 23[%] was 23 [%]orormore moreandand 48 [%] 48 [%] or less, or less, the the fragility fragility waswas evaluated evaluated to be to "3"be “3” 15 Dec 2023

or more or underboth more under bothof of the the temperature andhumidity temperature and humidity conditions conditions AA and andB, B, and andthe the evaluationboxes evaluation boxes were were not not ripped ripped andweight and the the weight did notdid not fall. fall. 5 5 [0122]

[0122] In In Example Example B11, B11,B12, B12,and andB19B19ininwhich whichthetheamount amount of of thesizing the sizingagent agentadded added was0.8 was 0.8 [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] oror more, more, Example Example B15 B15 and and B16 B16 in in which which thethe amount amount of the of the paper strength paper strength agent addedwas agent added was1.01.0[parts

[parts by by mass] mass]oror more, more,Example Example 1010 in in which which the the length mean length fiber length mean fiber length was 1.50 [mm] was 1.50 [mm] oror more, more, and andExamples Examples B9 B9 andandB19B19 in which in which 2023282329

10 10 the amount the amount of of finefibers fine fiberswas was 40 40

[%] [%] or more, or more, the fragility the fragility was was evaluated evaluated to be to "4"beor “4” or

moreunder more underthe thetemperature temperatureand andhumidity humiditycondition conditionA.A.

[0123]

[0123] In In contrast, contrast,inin Comparative Comparative Examples Examples B20 B20toto B29 B29inin which whichthethe amount amountofofthe the sizing agent sizing agentadded addedwaswaslessless thanthan 0.2 [parts 0.2 [parts by mass] by mass] or was ormorewas more than 4.0 than

[parts4.0by [parts by

15 15 mass], the mass], the amount amount of of the the paper paper strength strength agent agent added addedwas waslesslessthan than0.1 0.1[parts

[parts by by mass] mass]

or was or more was more than than 4.0 4.0 [parts

[parts by mass], by mass], the length the length meanlength mean fiber fiber length of the of the pulp pulp fibers fibers

wasless was less than than 0.90 0.90 [mm]

[mm]or or was wasmore morethan than1.55 1.55[mm],

[mm],ororthe theamount amount ofoffine fine fibers fibers was was

less than less than23 23[%]

[%]ororwas was more more thanthan 48 [%], 48 [%], the fragility the fragility was was evaluated evaluated to be to be "2" or “2” lessor less

underatatleast under leastthethetemperature temperature and and humidity humidity condition condition A. A. 20 20 [0124]

[0124] In In view view ofofComparative ExamplesB20 Comparative Examples B20to to B29, B29, itit can canbe besaid said from from Examples Examples B1B1

to B19 to that ripping B19 that ripping(damages) (damages) is is suppressed suppressed in in aa box box manufactured manufactured using usingaa measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material whenwhen the the amount amount of the of the sizing sizing agent agent

addedisis0.2 added 0.2[parts

[partsbybymass] mass] or or more more and[parts and 4.0 4.0 [parts by mass] by mass] orthe or less, less, the amount amount of the of the 25 25 paperstrength paper strengthagent agent added added is 0.1 is 0.1 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] or moreorand more4.0 and 4.0by[parts

[parts mass] by or mass] or

less, less, the length mean the length mean fiber fiber length length of of thethe pulp pulp fibers fibers is is 0.90 0.90 [mm]

[mm] or more or more and[mm] and 1.55 1.55 [mm] or less, or less, and theamount and the amountof of finefine fibers fibers is is 2323 [%]

[%] or or more more and and 48or[%] 48 [%] or less. less.

Furthermore, Furthermore, it it can can be be said said from from Examples Examples B9,B9, B10, B10,B11, B11,B12, B12,B15, B15,B16, B16,andand B19 that ripping B19 that ripping (damages) (damages) can canbe beprevented preventedunderundera ahumid humid conditionwhen condition when anyanyoneone of of

30 30 the following the followingis is satisfied: satisfied: the the amount amount ofof thesizing the sizingagent agent added added is 0.8is [parts 0.8 [parts by mass] by mass] or or more, theamount more, the amount of the of the paper paper strength strength agent agent added added is is 1.0 by 1.0 [parts [parts mass]by ormass] more, or themore, the

length mean length mean fiber fiber length length is is 1.50 1.50 [mm]

[mm] or more, or more, andamount and the the amount of fine of fine is fibers fibers 40 [%]is 40 or [%] or

more. more.

[0125]

[0125] 35 35 It Itisisinferred inferred from Comparative from ComparativeExamples Examples B26 andB29 B26 and B29that thatthe the sizing sizing agent agent

inhibits hydrogen inhibits bonding hydrogen bonding between between the fibers, the fibers, resulting resulting in a reduction in a reduction in theinstrength the strength andananincrease and increase in in thethe fragilityofofthe fragility theliners liners under undera ahumid humid condition condition whenwhen the amount the amount of of the sizing the sizing agent agentadded added is is more more thanthan 4.0 [parts 4.0 [parts by mass]. by mass].

It It is isinferred inferredfromfrom Comparative Example Comparative Example B28the B28 that thatpaper the paper strength strength agent isagent is

40 40 aggregated, aggregated, resulting resulting in in a a reduction reduction in in thethe strength strength and and an increase an increase in thein the fragility fragility of the of the

liners when liners when the theamount amount of the of the paper paper strength strength agent agent added added is more is more than 4.0 than

[parts4.0by [parts by

mass]. mass].

35

It Itisis inferred from inferred Comparative from ComparativeExamples Examples B24 andB29 B24 and B29that thatspaces spacesbetween between long fibers long fibers increase, increase,which which makes makes waterwater to beto be easily easily absorbed, absorbed, resulting resulting in a reduction in a reduction 15 Dec 2023

in the in the strength andananincrease strength and increase in the in the fragilityofofthe fragility theliners linersunder under a humid a humid condition condition when when

the length the lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is is more more thanthan 1.55 1.55

[mm].[mm].

5 5 It Itisisinferred inferredfrom Comparative from ComparativeExample Example B20 that spaces B20 that betweenlong spaces between longfibers fibers increase, whichmakes increase, which makes waterwater to beto be easily easily absorbed, absorbed, resulting resulting in a reduction in a reduction in the in the

strength andanan strength and increase increase in the in the fragilityofofthe fragility theliners linersunder under a humid a humid condition condition when when the the amount amount of of finefibers fine fibersisisless lessthan than2323 [%].

[%].

It Itisisinferred inferredfrom Comparative from ComparativeExamples Examples B21 B21 to to B23 andB29 B23 and B29that thatthe the amount amount 2023282329

10 10 of long of fibers is long fibers is reduced reduced andand entanglement entanglement of pulpof pulp fibersfibers reduces, reduces, resulting resulting in a in a

reduction reduction in inthe thestrength strengthandandan an increase increase in the in the fragility fragility of of thethe liners liners when when the the amount amount of of fine fibers fine fibers was more was more than than 48 48

[%].[%].

[0126]

[0126] <Feature <Feature C> C> 15 15 Next, Examples Next, Examples related related to Feature to Feature C be C will willdescribed. be described. Measurement Measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materials materials in in Examples Examples relating relating to to Feature Feature C C were manufactured were manufacturedbybythe theoperator operatorwhowho manually manually folded folded a corrugated a corrugated cardboard cardboard webweb extending extending inina aband band shape shape intointo a fan-folded a fan-folded shapeshape to the to thedescribed size size described above. above.

[0127]

[0127] 20 20 In In Examples Examples C1 C1totoC11 C11and and Comparative Comparative Examples Examples C12 C12 to to C19, C19, one one of the of the following three following threeflutes flutes were wereadopted. adopted. - A-Flute - (single wall), A-Flute (single wall), total total thickness: 5.0 [mm] thickness: 5.0 [mm] - E-Flute - (single wall), E-Flute (single wall), total total thickness: 1.5 [mm] thickness: 1.5 [mm] - AB-Flute - (double AB-Flute (double wall),total wall), totalthickness: thickness:8.28.2 [mm]

[mm]

25 25 [0128]

[0128] For the top For the topliner liner and andthe thebottom bottom liner liner inin each each of of Examples Examples C1 to C1 C11to C11 and and

Comparative Examples Comparative Examples C12C12 to C19, to C19, oneone of the of the following following linerbase liner basepapers papersofofproduct product numbers numbers “No. "No. 1" 1” to to “No. "No. 15"15” werewere used used fortop for the theliner top liner andbottom and the the bottom liner. liner. The The liner liner

base papersof base papers of product product numbers numbers"No. “No.1"1”toto "No. “No. 15" 15” each each have havethe thefollowing following basis basis 30 30 weightand weight anddensity. density. - No. - 1: Basis No. 1: weight120 Basis weight 120 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.8 0.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- No. - No. 22 and andNos. Nos.6 6 toto 11: 11: Basis Basis weight weight 170 170 [g/m

[g/m2], 2], density density 0.8 [g/cm3] 0.8 [g/cm³]

- No. - 3: Basis No. 3: weight210 Basis weight 210 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.8 0.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- No. - 4: Basis No. 4: weight280 Basis weight 280 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.80.8 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

35 35 - No. - 5: Basis No. 5: weight170 Basis weight 170 [g/m2density

[g/m2], ], density 0.70.7 [g/cm3]

[g/cm³]

- Nos. - 12and Nos. 12 and14: 14:Basis Basis weight weight 170 170 [g/m

[g/m2], 2], density density 0.5 [g/cm3] 0.5 [g/cm³]

- Nos. - 13and Nos. 13 and15:15:Basis Basis weight weight 170 170 [g/m

[g/m2], 2], density density 0.9 [g/cm3] 0.9 [g/cm³

[0129]

[0129] The liner The liner base base paper of the paper of the product product number “No. 1" number "No. 1” was manufacturedthrough was manufactured through 40 40 papermakingbybya amultilayer papermaking multilayer paper papermachine machinefrom from softwood softwood kraftpulp kraft pulpand andcorrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard used-paper used-paper pulp pulp having having a freeness a freeness of 400 of 400 [ml] as [ml] as raw materials raw materials into a into a

36 conditions. The conditions. The freeness freeness was measured was measured byby thefollowing the followingmeasuring measuring apparatus apparatus in in accordancewith accordance withJIS JISP8121 P81212012. 2012. 15 Dec 2023

- Measurement - apparatus: Measurement apparatus: Product Product name name “Canadian "Canadian Standard Standard Freeness”, Freeness", KUMAGAI KUMAGAI

RIKI RIKI KOGYO KOGYO Co., Co., Ltd.,Product Ltd., Productnumber number "No.“No. 2580-A” 2580-A" 5 5 [0130]

[0130] - Papermaking - conditionsof Papermaking conditions of product product number number"No.“No.1"1” > Sizing > Sizing agent: agent: aa chemical chemical agent agent having the name having the “SizePine name "Size PineN-830 N-830(manufactured (manufactured by Arakawa by Arakawa Chemical Chemical Industries, Industries, Ltd.)” Ltd.)" was contained was contained in an of in an amount amount of 0.3 0.3 [parts by [parts by

mass]per mass] perevery every total100100 total [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] of total of the the total pulppulp of the of the paperpaper layerslayers 2023282329

10 10 > Paper > agent: a strength agent: Paper strength a chemical agent having chemical agent having the the name name"PT-1001 “PT-1001 (manufactured (manufactured by byArakawa Arakawa Chemical Chemical Industries, Industries, Ltd.)”was Ltd.)" wascontained containedininan anamount amount ofof 0.5 [parts 0.5 [parts by by mass] mass]perper every every total total 100100 [parts

[parts by mass] by mass] of theoftotal the total pulp pulp of paper of the the paper layers layers

> Sulfuric > Sulfuric acid acid band: band:contained contained in[parts in 5 5 [parts by by mass] mass] per every per every total total 100 [parts 100 [parts by by 15 15 mass]ofofthe mass] thetotal totalpulp pulpofofthe thepaper paper layers layers

> Softwood > kraftpulp: Softwood kraft pulp:contained contained in ainproportion a proportion of[mass%] of 10 10 [mass%] of the of thefibers pulp pulp fibers in in the surface the surfacelayer. layer.The The softwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp accounted accounted for 6 for 6 [mass%]

[mass%] of thepulp of the total total in pulp in the paper the paperlayers. layers. > Amount > Amount of of fine fine fibers:36.7 fibers: 36.7 [%]

[%] of of thethe pulp pulp fibers fibers forming forming the the liner. liner.

20 20 The surface The surface layer layer among thethree among the threelayers layers of of the the liner linerbase basepapers paperswas was prepared prepared

to the to the above above papermaking conditions. papermaking conditions.

[0131]

[0131] 25 25 The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 2" number "No. 2” was wasmanufactured manufacturedbyby a a manufacturing manufacturing method method similar similar to that to that of the of the liner liner basebase paperpaper of 1" of "No. “No. 1” except except that the that the

basis weight basis weight was changedtoto170 was changed [g/m2]. 170[g/m2]. The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 3" number "No. 3” was wasmanufactured manufactured byby a a

30 basis weight basis weight was changedtoto210 was changed 210[g/m2].2

[g/m ]. 30

The liner The liner base base paper of product paper of product number “No. 4" number "No. 4” was wasmanufactured manufactured byby a a

basis weight basis weight was changedtoto280 was changed [g/m2]. 280[g/m².

[0132]

[0132] 35 35 Each Each ofofthetheliner linerbase basepapers papers of product of product numbers numbers "No. 5"“No. 5” to15" to "No. “No. was15” was

manufactured manufactured by by a manufacturing a manufacturing methodmethod similar similar to that to of that of thebase the liner linerpaper baseofpaper "No. of “No.

2” except 2" exceptfor forthe thefollowing. following. - No. - 5: The No. 5: densitywas The density was changed changed 0.7 [g/cm3] to[g/cm³] to 0.7

- No. - 6: The No. 6: amount The amount of of fine fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to [%] to 16.5 16.5 [%] 40 40 - No. - 7: The No. 7: amount The amount of of fine fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to [%] to 19.8 19.8 [%] - No. - 8: The No. 8: amount The amount of of fine fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to [%] to 26.8 26.8 [%]

37

- No. - 9: The No. 9: proportionofofthe The proportion thesoftwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp contained contained inpulp in the the pulp of theofsurface the surface layer was layer changedtoto20 was changed 20[mass%],

[mass%],and and thelength the lengthmean mean fiberlength fiber lengthwas waschanged changed to to 15 Dec 2023

1.50 1.50 [mm]

[mm]

[0133]

[0133] 5 5 - No. - 10: The No. 10: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 13.9to[%] 13.9 [%] - No. - 11: The No. 11: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 40.1to[%] 40.1 [%] - No. - 12: The No. 12: Thedensity density was was changed changed 0.5 [g/cm3] to 0.5to[g/cm³]

- No. - 13: The No. 13: Thedensity densitywaswas changed changed 0.9 [g/cm3] to 0.9to[g/cm³]

- No. - 14: The No. 14: Theamount amount of fine of fine fibers fibers waswas changed changed to 13.9to[%], 13.9and

[%], theand the density density was was 2023282329

10 changed changed to to0.5 3 0.5 [g/cm³]

[g/cm ] 10

- No. - 15: The No. 15: Theproportion proportion of of the the softwood softwood kraft kraft pulppulp contained contained in theinpulp the of pulp theofsurface the surface layer layer was changedtoto20 was changed 20[mass%],

[mass%],the theamount amount of of finefibers fine fibers was changedtoto40.1 was changed 40.1[%],

[%], and the and the density density was changedtoto0.9 was changed [g/cm3] 0.9[g/cm³]

[0134]

[0134] 15 15 For For measuring measuring the thecontent content concentrations concentrationsof of chemical chemical agents agentssuchsuchasasthe thesizing sizing agentand agent andthethe paper paper strength strength agent agent contained contained in the in the base liner liner papers, base papers, the content the content

concentrationofofeach concentration each chemical chemical agentagent (the ratio (the ratio relative relative to pulp to the the pulp weight) weight) was was measuredusing measured usinga apyrolysis pyrolysis gas gaschromatograph chromatograph massmass spectrometer spectrometer (pyrolysis (pyrolysis apparatus: PY-2020D apparatus: PY-2020D manufactured manufactured by Frontier by Frontier Laboratories Laboratories Ltd.,gas Ltd., gaschromatograph chromatograph 20 20 massspectrometer: mass spectrometer:5973N 5973N manufactured manufactured by Agilent by Agilent Technologies, Technologies, Inc.). Inc.).

The above The abovelinerliner base base papers papersto to be be analyzed analyzedwerewerepeeled peeledoff offfrom fromthethe medium medium basepaper base paperby bythethe following following Steps Steps F1 toF1 to and F2, F2,the andliner the liner base papers base papers were driedwere anddried and

[ug] of [g] of the pulverized the pulverized

product were product were analyzed analyzedusing usingthe thepyrolysis pyrolysis gas chromatographmass gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. spectrometer. 25 25 [0135]

[0135] In In the the above above pyrolysis pyrolysisgas gas chromatograph chromatograph massmassspectrometer, spectrometer,a a peak peak waswas extractedwith extracted withreference reference to to a peak a peak of the of the target target chemical chemical agentagent obtained obtained when a when a

calibration curve calibration curvewaswas prepared, prepared, the the peak peak area area was read, and was read, the read and the read peak peak area areawaswas comparedagainst compared againstthetheabove abovecalibration calibration curve, curve, whereby wherebythethecontent contentconcentration concentrationof of the the 30 30 target chemical target chemicalagentagentwaswas calculated. calculated.

The measurement The measurement waswas performed performed twicetwice for for each each sample, sample, and and the average the average valuevalue wasdetermined was determined to used to be be used as theascontent the content concentration concentration of the chemical of the chemical agent (theagent ratio (the ratio

relative relative to to the the pulp weight). pulp weight).

It It is istotobebenoted noted that that each chemical each chemical agent agent was was impregnated impregnated into filter into filter paperspapers 35 35 (manufactured (manufactured of of ADVANTEC, ADVANTEC, CO., CO., LTD., LTD., qualitative circular circular qualitative filter No. filter paper, paper, No.that 2), so 2), so that the contents the contentsofofthe thechemical chemical agent agent werewere 0.01 0.01 [%],[%],

[%], 0.1 0.11[%],

[%],15[%],

[%],5and[%],10and

[%] 10 by [%] by

weightand weight andthenthen dried, dried, which which werewere used used as samples as samples for a calibration for a calibration curve. Each curve. Each

sample fora acalibration sample for calibrationcurve curvewaswas milled, milled, and and 200 200 to 300to[ug] 300of[g] theofmilled the milled productproduct were were analyzed by analyzed by the the pyrolysis pyrolysis gas gas chromatograph chromatograph mass mass spectrometer spectrometer to to generate generate thethe above above 40 40 calibration curve. calibration curve.

[0136]

38

In In the the above-mentioned productnumbers above-mentioned product numbers “No. "No. 5"5” and and “No. "No. 12”toto"No. 12" “No.15", 15”, the the densitywas density waschanged changed by adjusting by adjusting thepressure the nip nip pressure of the of the multilayer multilayer paper machine. paper machine. 15 Dec 2023

In In the the above product above product numbers numbers "No. “No. 6" to 6” to “No. "No. 11”, 14", 11", "No. “No.and14”,"No. and15", “No. 15”, the the

amount amount of of finefibers fine fibersand andthethe length length mean mean fiberfiber length length were adjusted were adjusted using a using fiber a fiber

5 5 classifier (MAX-F700, classifier (MAX-F700, manufactured manufactured by byAIKAWA AIKAWA IronIron Works Works Co.,Co., Ltd.). Ltd.).

[0137]

[0137] In In each each ofof Examples Examples C1 C1totoC11 C11and andComparative Comparative Examples Examples C12 toC12 to C19, C19, one one

mediumbase medium base paper paper of of thefollowing the followingproduct productnumbers numbers “No. "No. 16"16”and and “No. "No. 17”was 17" was used used

for the for the medium. medium. 2023282329

10 - No. - No. 16: 16: Basis Basis weight weight 120 120 [g/m 2], density

[g/m2], density0.65 0.65[g/cm 3] [ODN-EM120:

[g/cm³] manufactured

[ODN-EM120: manufactured 10

by Oji by Oji Materia MateriaCo.,Co.,Ltd.] Ltd.] - No. - No. 17: 17: Basis Basis weight weight 160 160 [g/m 2], density

[g/m2], density0.65 0.65[g/cm 3] [ODN-EM160:

[g/cm³ manufactured

[ODN-EM160: manufactured

by Oji by Oji Materia MateriaCo., Co.,Ltd.] Ltd.] For For each each ofof Examples Examples C1C1 totoC11 C11 and and Comparative Comparative Examples Examples C12 toC12C19toabove, C19 above, 15 15 the liner the liner fiber fiber information listed in information listed in Tables Tables 88to to 10 10was was measured. measured. The measured The measured values values

of various of parameters various parameters such such as density, as the the density, the length the length meanlength, mean fiber fiber length, the finethe fine fibers, fibers,

the basis the basis weight weight may havemeasurement may have measurement errors errors of of plusororminus plus minus 10%. 10%.

[0138]

39

[Table 8]

[Table 8] Examples Examples 15 Dec 2023

C1 C1 C2 C2 C3 C3 C4 C4 C5 C5 C6 C6 A A A A A A A A A A E E Product No. Product No. - No. 11 No. No. 22 No. No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 55 No. No. 22 No.

Liner Liner Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm

[g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 120/0.8 120/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 210/0.8 210/0.8 280/0.8 280/0.8 170/0.7 170/0.7 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit 3] 3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y y ProductNo. Product No. - - - - - - - - -- -- -- Medium Medium Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm (1) (1) [g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm weight/densit weight/densit 3] 3] - - - - - - - - - - - -

y y Product No. Product No. - - No. 16 No. 16 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 2023282329

Middle Middle Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm liner liner [g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 120/0.6 120/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit Superscript(3)) 3] 5 5 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 55 y y Product No. Product No. - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis 2 (2) (2) [g/m ]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm weight/densit weight/densit - - - - -- -- Superscript(3)) 3] - - - -

y y Product No. Product No. - No. 11 No. No. 22 No. No. 33 No. No. 44 No. No. 55 No. No. 22 No.

Liner Liner Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm

[g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 120/0.8 120/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 210/0.8 210/0.8 280/0.8 280/0.8 170/0.7 170/0.7 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit Superscript(3)) 3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y y Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Length mean Length mean Liner fiber Liner fiber [mm]

[mm] 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 info. info. fiber length fiber length

Amountof Amount of

[%]

[%] 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 fine fibers fine fibers

Total thickness Total thickness [mm]

[mm] 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.5 1.5

Texture Texture A A A A A A A A A A A A Crease crack Crease crack property property B B B B B B B B B B B B

[0139]

40

[Table 9]

[Table 9] Comp. Comp. Examples Examples Exampl Exampl 15 Dec 2023

es es C7 C7 C8 C8 C9 C9 C10 C10 C11 C11 C12 C12 AB AB A A A A A A A A A A ProductNo. Product No. - - No. 22 No. No. 66 No. No. 77 No. No. 88 No. No. 99 No. No. 10 No. 10 Liner Liner Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm

[g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit

Superscript(3)] 3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y y Product No. Product No. - - No. 17 No. 17 - - - - - - - - - - Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) (1) [g/m2]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit 3] - - - - - - - - - - 3] 5 5 y 2023282329

y ProductNo. Product No. - - No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 Middle Middle Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm liner liner [g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit 3] 31 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55 y y Product No. Product No. - No. 17 No. 17 - - - - - - - - -- Medium Medium Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm (2) (2) [g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit - - - - - Superscript(3)) 3] - - - 5 5 - - y y Product No. Product No. - - No. 22 No. No. 66 No. No. 77 No. No. 88 No. No. 99 No. No. 10 No. 10 Liner Basis Basis Liner [g/m2]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 weight/densit weight/densit 331] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y y Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Length mean Length mean Liner fiber Liner fiber [mm]

[mm] 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.10 1.50 1.50 1.22 1.22 fiber length fiber length info. info.

Amountof Amount of

[%]

[%] 36.7 36.7 16.5 16.5 19.8 19.8 26.8 26.8 36.7 36.7 13.9 13.9 fine fibers fine fibers

Total thickness Total thickness [mm]

[mm] 8.2 8.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Texture Texture A A B B B B B B B B D D Crease crack property Crease crack property B B B B A A A A A A C C

[0140]

41

[Table 10]

[Table 10] Comparative Examples Comparative Examples 15 Dec 2023

C13 C13 C14 C14 C15 C15 C16 C16 C17 C17 C18 C18 C19 C19 A A E E AB AB A A A A A A A A Product No. Product No. - No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 12 No. 12 No. 13 No. 13 No. 14 No. 14 No. 15 No. 15 Liner Basis Basis Liner [g/m2]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.5 170/0.5 170/0.9 170/0.9 170/0.5 170/0.5 170/0.9 170/0.9 weight/densit weight/densit 3] 3] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 yy Product No. Product No. - - - - - - No. 17 No. 17 -- - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis (1) (1) [g/m2]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit - - - - - -

Superscript(3)] 3] - - - - - - 5 5 yy ProductNo. Product No. - - No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 No. 17 2023282329

Middle Middle Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm liner liner [g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit 3] 31 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 y y Product No. Product No. - - - - - No. 17 No. 17 - - - - - - - -

Medium Medium Basis Basis 2 (2) (2) [g/m ]/[g/cm

[g/m2]/[g/cm 160/0.6 160/0.6 weight/densit weight/densit 3] - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 5 5 y y ProductNo. Product No. - No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 11 No. 12 No. 12 No. 13 No. 13 No. 14 No. 14 No. 15 No. 15 Liner Liner Basis Basis 2]/[g/cm

[g/m

[g/m2]/[g/cm 170/0.9 170/0.9 170/0.5 170/0.5 170/0.9 170/0.9 weight/densit weight/densit 3] 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.8 170/0.5 170/0.5 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 yy Runkelratio Runkel ratio - - 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

Length mean Length mean Liner fiber Liner fiber [mm]

[mm] 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.22 1.22 1.60 1.60 info. info. fiber length fiber length

Amountof Amount of

[%]

[%] 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 13.9 13.9 40.1 40.1 fine fibers fine fibers

Total thickness Total thickness [mm]

[mm] 5.0 5.0 1.5 1.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Texture Texture A A A A A A A A A A D D B B Crease crack Crease crack property property C C C C C C C C C C D D D D

[0141]

[0141] The"liner The “liner fiber fiber information” is information information" is informationmeasured measured on pulp on pulp fibers fibers constituting constituting a a liner liner base paper,and base paper, and includes includes three three types types of information: of information: “Runkel "Runkel ratio”, ratio", “length "length mean mean

5 5 length", and fiber length”, fiber “amount and "amount of of finefibers". fine fibers”. TheRunkel The Runkel ratio ratio is isaa parameter parameter indicating indicating the shape the shape of pulpof fibers, pulp fibers, and isand is

calculatedasas(Runkel calculated (Runkel ratio) ratio) = (fiberwall = (fiber wallthickness thickness X 2) 2) / (fiberpore / (fiber pore diameter). diameter). A larger A larger

Runkel ratioindicates Runkel ratio indicatesfibers fiberswith withhigher higher rigidity. rigidity.

Thelength The lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is the is the average average of theoflengths the lengths of fibers of pulp pulp fibers 10 10 constituting constituting a liner a liner (fiber (fiber lengths). lengths).

Theamount The amount of fine of fine fibers fibers is is the the proportion proportion [%] [%] of the of the amount amount of contained of contained fine fine fibers relative fibers relative to to the the total totalpulp pulp fibers fibers (taken (taken to to be 100[%]) be 100 [%])constituting constitutinga aliner. liner.The Thefine fine fibers are fibers fine fibers are fine fibers having fiber lengths having fiber lengthsofof0.0 0.0[mm]

[mm]or or more more and and 0.2 [mm] 0.2 [mm] or or less. less.

[0142]

[0142] 15 15 Thethree The threetypes types of of “linerfiber "liner fiberinformation" information”ofof"Runkel “Runkel ratio”,"length ratio", “length mean mean fiber fiber

length”, and"amount length", and “amountof of fine fine fibers”were fibers" were measured measured in theinfollowing the following Steps Steps F1 to F5. F1 to F5.

Step F1: Cut Step F1: Cut the the corrugated cardboardmaterial corrugated cardboard material of of the the second uppermostinto second uppermost into aa 40 40

[cm]

[cm] square, square, and use the and use the 40 40 [cm]

[cm] square corrugatedcardboard square corrugated cardboardsheet sheetfor for measurement. measurement. Thecut The cutposition positionwas wasat at thethe middle middle in the in the corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard sheetThen, sheet width. width. Then,

42 immersethe immerse thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard sheet sheet ininion-exchanged ion-exchanged water water forfor 1515 minutes minutes and and remove it from remove it from the the ion-exchanged water. ion-exchanged water. 15 Dec 2023

StepF2: Step F2:Separate Separate each each liner liner basebase paperpaper (theliner (the top top liner and and the the bottom bottom liner) liner) of the of the corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardsheetsheetremoved removed in in StepF1F1 Step from from thethemedium medium basebase paperpaper by by 5 5 manuallyseparating manually separatingthe the liner liner base base paperspapers so as so notastonot to break break thebase the liner linerpapers. base papers. Step F3: Immerse Step F3: Immerseeach eachofofthe theliner liner base papers and base papers andthe the medium medium base base paper paper separatedininStep separated Step F2 F2 in in ion-exchanged ion-exchanged water water for 24 for 24 with hours hoursthewith the adjusted adjusted

concentration of concentration of 2%. 2%. Step F4: Step F4: After After immersing immersing eacheachof of the the liner linerbase base papers papers andand the the medium basepaper medium base paper 2023282329

10 10 with the with the adjusted adjustedconcentration concentration in Step in Step F3 24 F3 for forhours, 24 hours, perform perform dissociation dissociation bya using a by using

standard type standard type disintegrator disintegrator (manufactured (manufactured by by KUMAGAI KUMAGAI RIKI RIKI KOGYO KOGYO Co., Ltd.) Co., Ltd.) for 20for 20 minutestotodecompose minutes decompose the into the pulp pulp ainto a fibrous fibrous form. form.

Step F5:Separate Step F5: Separate thethe slurry slurry (pulp (pulp fiber) fiber) after after thethe dissociation dissociation in Step in Step F4, F4, and and

15 15 fibers” by fibers" usingthe by using thefollowing followingfiber fiberlength lengthmeasurement measurement device. device.

- Fiber - Fiber length lengthmeasurement device:Product measurement device: Productnumber number FS-5 FS-5 UHDUHD basebase unit,unit, manufacturedbybyValmet manufactured Valmet

[0143]

[0143] --Evaluation-- Evaluation-- 20 20 The crease The creasecrack crackproperty property andandthethe texture texture were evaluatedon were evaluated onExamples Examples C1 C1 to to

C11 andComparative C11 and Comparative Examples Examples C12 C12 to C19to C19 in which in which the “Runkel the "Runkel ratio”, ratio", thethe “length "length

meanfiber mean length”, and fiber length", and the the “amount "amount of of fine finefibers” fibers" hadhadbeen beenmeasured measured asas described described

above. above. The"crease The “crease crack crack property” property" is an is an evaluation evaluation criterion criterion that that corresponds corresponds to to 25 25 resistancetotoripping resistance rippingatatthe theportions portionsofofthe thecreases creaseswhenwhen continuous continuous sheets sheets of a of a measurement measurement corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material areare folded folded back. back.

The"texture" The “texture”isis an anevaluation evaluation criterionthat criterion thatcorresponds corresponds to the to the uniformity uniformity of the of the

distribution of distribution of pulp fibers constituting pulp fibers constituting aa liner liner forming forming aameasurement measurement corrugated corrugated

cardboard cardboard material. material. A poor A poor texture texture indicates indicates uneven uneven distribution distribution of theof the fibers, fibers, and tends and tends

30 30 to result to result in in uneven distributionofofthe uneven distribution thestrength strengthofofthetheliner linerand andsusceptibility susceptibilitytotocrease crease cracks. cracks.

[0144]

[0144] Thecrease The crease crack crack property property was was evaluated evaluated in atest in a load loadaccording test according to the to the

following Steps following Steps G1 to G3. G1 to G3. 35 35 - Step - Step G1: G1: After After gently gentlyplace placethe themeasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboardmaterial materialon onaa pallet and pallet package and package it it witha astretch with stretch film,allow film, allowititto to stand standfor for2424[hours]

[hours]under under thethe

following temperature following temperatureandand humidity humidity condition condition

> Temperature > Temperatureand and humiditycondition: humidity condition:Temperature Temperature10 10 [C],humidity

[°C], humidity1010[%Rh]

[%Rh] - Step - Step G2: G2: After After Step Step G1, G1, apply apply impact impact to to the themeasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboard 40 40 material underthe material under thefollowing following conditions conditions using using the the following following vibrator vibrator

> Vibrator: > Vibrator: Product Productname name “Multiple-axle "Multiple-axle vibration vibration testing testing machine”, machine", product product number number

“DS-3000-15L”,manufactured "DS-3000-15L", manufactured by by IMVIMV Corporation Corporation

43

> Excitation > Excitationforce: force:30 30[kN]

[kN] > Excitation > Excitation method: method: random wave, random wave, 15 Dec 2023

> Frequency: > 100[Hz] Frequency: 100 [Hz] - Step - G3:Visually Step G3: Visuallycheck check whether whether or anot or not a crease crease crack crack occurred occurred at the creases at the creases after after 5 5 the above the StepsG1 above Steps G1and andG2. G2.

[0145]

[0145] The above The abovecrease creasecrack crackproperty propertywas was evaluated evaluated according according to to thefollowing the following criteria. criteria.

- A: - A: There was There was nono crease crease crack crack at in at all all any in any of the of the creases creases afterafter Step Step G2. G2. 2023282329

10 10 - B: - B: A A crease crackoccurred crease crack occurred at one at one or more or more creases creases afterG2. after Step Step G2. - C: - C: A creasecrack A crease crack occurred occurred at one at one or more or more creases creases afterG1. after Step Step G1. - D: - D: A A crease crack occurred crease crack occurred at at one one oror more creasesbefore more creases beforeStep StepG1G1(when (when being being

folded zigzag). folded zigzag). Of the Of the above above criteria,"B" criteria, “B”orormore morewaswas regarded regarded as a evaluation as a good good evaluation and "C" and or “C” or 15 15 less was less regardedas was regarded asaa poor poorevaluation. evaluation.

[0146]

[0146] In the evaluation In the evaluationofofthethe"texture", “texture”,the thedistribution distributionofofpulp pulpfibers fibersconstituting constitutingthe the liner forming liner formingthethemeasurement corrugatedcardboard measurement corrugated cardboardmaterial materialwas wasvisually visuallychecked. checked. Thetexture The texturewas was evaluated evaluated according according to thetofollowing the following criteria. criteria.

20 20 - A: - A: There was There was nono unevenness unevenness in theinpulp the fibers. pulp fibers. - B: - B: There was There was unevenness unevenness in the inpulp the pulp fibersfibers (cloud-like (cloud-like texture). texture).

- D: - D: Aggregates Aggregates of of the the pulp pulp fibers fibers were were observed. observed.

Of the above Of the above criteria,"B" criteria, “B”orormore morewaswas regarded regarded as a evaluation as a good good evaluation and "D" and or “D” or less was less regardedas was regarded asaa poor poorevaluation. evaluation. 25 25 [0147]

[0147] In Examples Examples C1 C1totoC11, C11,the thedensity density was was0.60 [g/cm3] or 0.60[g/cm³] or more moreandand0.85 [g/cm3] 0.85[g/cm³] or less, or less, the length mean the length mean fiber fiber length length waswas 0.980.98

[mm] [mm] or and or more more and 1.55 1.55

[mm] [mm] the or less, or less, the amount amount of of finefibers fine fiberswas was 15 15

[%][%] or more or more and and 38 [%]38 or[%] or and less, less, andofboth both of the crease the crease

crackproperty crack propertyand andthethe texture texture were were evaluated evaluated to be to "B"be or“B” or more. more.

30 30 [0148]

[0148] In In Examples Examples C9 C9totoC11C11ininwhich whichthethedensity density was was0.80 [g/cm3] or 0.80[g/cm³] or more, more, thethe length mean length fiber length mean fiber length was 1.10 [mm] was 1.10 [mm] oror more, more, and andthe the amount amountofoffine fine fibers fibers was was 18 18

[%] or

[%] or more, more,the thecrease crease crack crack property property was evaluated was evaluated to be “A”. to be "A".

In In Examples Examples C1 C1totoC7C7inin which whichthethe length length mean meanfiber fiber length length was was0.98 0.98 [mm]

[mm]oror 35 35 more and more and 1.05 1.05 [mm]

[mm] or less, or less, the the texture texture was evaluated was evaluated to be “A”. to be "A".

[0149]

[0149] In In contrast, contrast,inin Comparative Comparative Examples Examples C12 C12totoC19 C19ininwhich whichthe thedensity density was wasless less than0.60 than 0.60[g/cm³] 3

[g/cm or] orwas was more more than than 0.85 0.85

[g/cm³,[g/cm 3], the length the length mean mean fiber fiberwas length length less was less

than0.98 than 0.98[mm]

[mm]or or waswas moremore than than 1.55 or 1.55 [mm], [mm], the or the of amount amount of finewas fine fibers fibers less was than less than

40 40 15 [%]or 15 [%] orwas wasmore morethanthan 38 [%], 38 [%], at least at least the the crease crease crack crack property property was evaluated was evaluated to be to be “C” or "C" or less. less.

[0150]

44

In In view view of ofComparative ExamplesC12 Comparative Examples C12 to to C19, C19, ititcan canbebesaid saidfrom fromExamples ExamplesC1 C1 to C11 to thatcrease C11 that crease cracks cracks are are suppressed suppressed at the at the portions portions of the of the creases creases of the of the 15 Dec 2023

measurement measurement corrugated corrugated board board material material when when the the density density is is 0.60 0.60 [g/cm 3or

[g/cm³] ] ormore moreand and 0.85 [g/cm3]ororless, 0.85[g/cm³] less,the thelength lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is 0.98 is 0.98 [mm][mm] or more or more and and 1.55 1.55

[mm] or [mm] or 5 5 less, and less, theamount and the amountof of fine fine fibers fibers is is 1515

[%][%] or or more more and and 38or[%] 38 [%] or less. less.

It Itcan canbe be said saidfrom fromExamples Examples C9 C9to to C11 C11that that crease crease cracks cracks can canbebeprevented preventedatat the portions the portionsofofthethecreases creases when when any any one ofonetheoffollowing the following is satisfied: is satisfied: the density the density is 0.80 is 0.80

[g/cm³]3

[g/cm ] oror more, more,the thelength length mean mean fiberfiber length length is 1.10 is 1.10 [mm] [mm] or more, or more, and theand the of amount amount of fine fibers fine fibers is is 18 18 [%]

[%] or or more. more. 2023282329

10 10 It It can can be said from be said fromExamples Examples C1C7tothat C1 to C7 the thattexture the texture is improved is improved when thewhen the

length mean length mean fiber fiber length length is is 0.99 0.99 [mm]

[mm] or more or more and[mm] and 1.00 1.00or[mm] less.or less.

[0151]

[0151] It Itisis inferred inferred From From Comparative Comparative Examples Examples C17 C17andandC19 C19 thatspaces that spaces between between

the pulp the pulpfibers fibers are areeliminated eliminatedandand thethe stress stress becomes becomes difficult difficult to escape to escape when thewhen linerthe liner 15 15 is is bent, bent, so that the so that creasecracks the crease cracks areare more more likely likely to occur to occur if the if the density density is more is more than than

0.90 [g/cm3].It 0.90 [g/cm³]. It is is inferred inferred in in Comparative Example Comparative Example 19 that 19 that the liner the liner becomes becomes too rigid, too rigid,

resulting in resulting in the the further further inferior inferior evaluation evaluation ofof the the crease creasecrackcrack property property whenwhen the length the length

mean mean fiberlength fiber length is is more more thanthan 1.551.55

[mm].[mm]. It It isisinferred inferredfrom from Comparative Examples Comparative Examples C16 C16 and C18and that C18 a lotthat of aspaces lot of are spaces are 20 20 generated generated between between pulp pulp fibersfibers andstrength and the the strength of the of the becomes liner liner becomes insufficient, insufficient, so that so that

the crease the creasecracks cracks areare more more likelylikely to occur to occur whenwhen the density the density is lessisthan less0.50 0.50 [g/cm 3]. than[g/cm³].

[0152]

[0152] It Itis isinferred inferredfrom from Comparative Examples Comparative Examples C13 toC13 C15 to C15 that thethat the strength strength of the of the

liner becomes liner insufficientduedue becomes insufficient to to a smaller a smaller length length meanmean fiber fiber lengthlength and a and a decrease decrease in in 25 25 the ratio the ratio of of the the long fibers and long fibers andreduced reduced entanglement entanglement of theofpulp the fibers, pulp fibers, so the so that that the creasecracks crease cracks areare more more likely likely to occur to occur whenwhen the length the length mean mean fiber fiber is length length is less than less than

0.98 [mm] 0.98 [mm]andandthethe amountamount of fineof fine fibersfibers is more is more than 38than 38 [%].

[%].

Further, Further, it it isisinferred inferredin inComparative Examples Comparative Examples C13 C13 to C15tothat C15thethat the difference difference

between between thethe short short fibers fibers andand the the longlong fibers fibers is not is not conspicuous conspicuous and theand the texture texture is is 30 30 improved improved whenwhenthe thelength lengthmean mean fiberlength fiber lengthis is less less than than 0.98 0.98 [mm] and the

[mm] and the amount amountofof fine fibers fine fibers is is more than3838[%]. more than [%].ItItis is inferred inferred inin Comparative Example Comparative Example C19 thatC19the that the differencebetween difference between thethe short short fibers fibers and and the the long long fibers fibers becomes becomes clearly clearly distinctive distinctive and and the texture the texturebecomes becomes slightly slightly inferior inferior when when the the amountamount offibers of fine fine fibers is moreis more than 38than

[%] 38 [%]

but the but the length lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is is more more thanthan 1.55 1.55

[mm].[mm].

35 35 It It isisinferred inferredfrom from Comparative Example Comparative Example C12the C12 that thatproportion the proportion of pulpof pulp fibers fibers

having greaterfiber having greater fiberlengths lengths (long (long fibers)increases fibers) increases and and spaces spaces between between long fibers long fibers

increases,sosothat increases, thatthe thecrease crease cracks cracks are are moremore likelylikely to occur to occur when when the the amount amount of fine of fine

fibers is fibers is less less than 15 [%]. than 15 [%].

[0153]

[0153] 40 40 [III. Modification]

[III. Modification]

The embodiment The embodiment described described above above is merely is merely an an example, example, and and therethere is no is no intention to intention to exclude excludethe theapplication applicationof of various various modifications modifications and and techniques techniques not not 45 specified specified in inthe theembodiment. embodiment. Each configuration of Each configuration of the the present present embodiment canbebe embodiment can variouslymodified variously modifiedwithout without departing departing fromfrom the gist the gist thereof. thereof. The configurations The configurations can be can be 15 Dec 2023 selected as selected as necessary or can necessary or can be be combined combined asas appropriate. appropriate.

[0154]

[0154] 5 5 For example, For example, thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard material material is not is not limited limited to the to the corrugated corrugated

cardboardmaterial cardboard material 11 folded folded zigzag, zigzag, and and may becorrugated may be corrugatedcardboard cardboardsheetssheetsseparated separated from one from one another. another. AsAs thethe corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial, material, aa single-faced single-faced corrugated corrugated

cardboardhaving cardboard havingaalinerliner on on one one side side of ofaamedium medium maymaybebeused. used.TheThe apparatus apparatus forfor

folding corrugated folding corrugatedcardboards cardboards zigzag zigzag is particularly is not not particularly limited. limited. Irrespective Irrespective of the of the 2023282329

10 10 structure of structure of aa folding folding apparatus, apparatus,corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard materials materials that arethat are folded folded zigzag zigzag

by a by a folding foldingapparatus apparatus may havethe may have the above-described above-describedproblems problems I toI toIV. IV. Whenthe When thecorrugated corrugatedcardboard cardboard materialisisused material usedininaa box-making box-makingsystem,system, the the

creasespreferably creases preferably omit omit additional additional processing processing such such as intentionally as intentionally formed formed slits orslits or perforations, perforations, andandpreferably preferably locate locate at at portions portions where where the corrugated the corrugated cardboard cardboard material material

15 15 is is folded backbyby180 folded back 180 [°][°]atatcreased creased lines lines provided provided on surface on the the surface layer layer of theofliner the liner (e.g., (e.g.,

suchthat such thatthe thecreased creased lines lines come come to inside). to the the inside). Onother On the the other hand, hand, when when the the corrugated corrugated

cardboard cardboard material material is is used used for for applications applications otherother than than the box-making the box-making system, system, the the creasesmay creases may involve involve processing processing such such as as and slits slitsperforations. and perforations.

[0155]

[0155] 20 20 The use The useofof the the corrugated cardboardmaterial corrugated cardboard material folded folded zigzag zigzag described above described above

shouldnot should notbebelimited limitedtotothe theuseuse as as a material a material for for making making boxesboxes appliedapplied in a box-making in a box-making

system. system. Thecorrugated The corrugated cardboard cardboard material material foldedfolded zigzagzigzag can be can be utilized utilized in various in various ways ways by effectively by effectively using usingthe thestructure structureofofthe themultiple multiplesheets sheets connected connected viacreases, via the the creases, 25 25 whichisisdifferent which different from fromthe thestructure structureofofthe theconventional conventional corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard sheets sheets separated from separated fromone oneanother. another. For For example, the corrugated example, the corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial materialfolded folded zigzag zigzag can can be beused usedasasaa web-shaped web-shaped paper paper materialhaving material havinga a largedimension large dimension along along theextending the extending direction direction

whenthe when thesheets sheetsare areunfolded. unfolded. 30 30 [0156]

[0156] The ways The waystotoutilize utilize the theweb-shaped papermaterial web-shaped paper material can can be be exemplified exemplified by by the the following uses. following uses. Use as aa disaster Use as disaster product: product: When attachedtoto aa window, When attached window,itit can can be be used to prevent used to prevent

window window cracks cracks against against a typhoon. a typhoon. In addition, In addition, it be it can canused be as used as a partition a partition for privacy for privacy

35 35 protectionand protection andstress stress reduction reduction in in evacuation evacuation shelters, shelters, or asora as a cushion cushion or for or a rug a rug for counteringcold. countering cold. Use atentertainment Use at entertainment events: events: It can It can be used be used for creations for creations such such as as signboards signboards in in entertainments entertainments or or school school events. events.

Use asananarchitecture/a Use as architecture/a material material for for moving: moving: It can It can be utilized be utilized as a as a protection protection

40 40 (preserving material)ofofa atype (preserving material) typetotobebe attached attached to object to an an object whenwhen doors,doors, walls, walls, gates, gates, etc. etc. needtotobebeprotected need protectedat at construction construction sites sites or moving or moving sites.sites. It can It can be used be used also asalso a as a

protection(packing protection (packingmaterial) material) of of a type a type to to be be wrapped wrapped aroundaround the object. the object.

46

In In any any ofof the the utilizing utilizing ways, according ways, according toto the the structure structure of of thethe multiple multiple sheets sheets

connected connected viavia thethe creases, creases, there there are are advantages advantages that operation that operation efficiency efficiency can be can be 15 Dec 2023

enhancedand enhanced and thedimension the dimensionin in theextending the extendingdirection direction can canbe besecured. secured.

[IV. Appendixes]

[IV. Appendixes] 5 5 Appendicesrelating Appendices relating to to the the above embodiments above embodiments are are disclosed. disclosed.

[Appendix1]

[Appendix 1] A corrugated A corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial materialcomprising comprisingaacardboard cardboardcomprising comprisinga a liner liner attachedtotoa amedium, attached medium, characterized characterized in in that that a dynamic a viscoelasticity measured dynamic viscoelasticity measured on on aa measurement measurement piece piece cutcut outout from from the the 2023282329

10 10 liner in liner in aa tensile tensile shear mode shear mode ofofa a vibration vibration condition condition of of a frequency a frequency of 100 of 100 [Hz] [Hz] underunder a a temperature temperature condition condition of of 25 25

[°C][C] is within is within a predetermined a predetermined range,range,

the dynamic the dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity is is defined defined by by a value a value of elastic of an an elastic modulus modulus E' andE' a and a

valueofof tang value tanwhich whichis is aa ratioofofaaloss ratio losselastic elasticmodulus modulus E'' the E" to to the elastic elastic modulus modulus E', E', the predetermined the rangecomprises: predetermined range comprises: 15 15 the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' E' ofof 1.00 1.00  10[Mpa] X 109 9 [Mpa] or more or more andX8.00 and 8.00  109 109 [Mpa] [Mpa] or less, or less, and and

the tand the tanof 2.50X10-2 of 2.50 10-2orormore moreandand 1.501.50  10 X 10-1 or-1less. or less.

[Appendix2]

[Appendix 2] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix1,1,characterized characterizedinin 20 20 that that

the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' E' isis3.00 3.00  10[Mpa] X 109 9 [Mpa] or less, or less, and and

the tang the tanis 7.00X10-2 is 7.00 10-2or ormore. more.

[Appendix3]

[Appendix 3] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix1,1,characterized characterizedinin 25 25 that that

the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' E' isis4.00 4.00  10[Mpa] X 109 9 [Mpa] or more, or more, and and the tand the tanis 4.00X10-2 is 4.00 10-2or orless. less.

[Appendix4]

[Appendix 4] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1 1 toto3, 3, 30 30 characterizedininthat characterized that a freeness a freenessofofa apulp pulpused used forfor thethe base base paper paper forming forming the liner the liner is 350is[ml] 350or

[ml] or moreand more and500500 [ml]

[ml] or or less. less.

[Appendix 5]

Thecorrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1 1 toto4,4,

35 35 characterizedininthat characterized that a double-faced a double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard in which in which theisliner the liner is bonded bonded to both to both sides sides of the of the medium is used medium is as the used as the corrugated corrugated cardboard. cardboard.

[Appendix6]

[Appendix 6] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1 1 toto5, 5, 40 40 characterizedininthat characterized that the corrugated the cardboardswhich corrugated cardboards whichare arecontinuous continuousininaa band bandshape shapeare arealternately alternately folded back folded and stacked back and stackedone oneanother anothersosoasastotobe befolded folded zigzag. zigzag. 47

[Appendix 7]

[Appendix 7] A corrugated A corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial materialcomprising comprisingaacardboard cardboardcomprising comprisinga a liner liner 15 Dec 2023

attached to attached to aa medium, the corrugated medium, the corrugatedcardboards cardboardswhich whichare arecontinuous continuousinina aband bandshape shape beingalternately being alternatelyfolded foldedback back andand stacked stacked one another one another sobeasfolded so as to to bezigzag, folded zigzag, 5 5 characterizedininthat characterized that a dynamic a viscoelasticity measured dynamic viscoelasticity onaa measurement measured on measurement piece piece cutcut outout from from the the liner in liner in aa tensile tensile shear mode shear mode ofof a a vibration vibration condition condition of of a frequency a frequency of 100 of 100 [Hz] [Hz] underunder a a temperature temperature condition condition of of 25 25

[°C][C] is within is within a predetermined a predetermined range,range,

the dynamic the dynamic viscoelasticity viscoelasticity is is defined defined by by a value a value of elastic of an an elastic modulus modulus E' andE' a and a 2023282329

10 10 valueofof tang value tanwhich which is is aa ratioofofaaloss ratio losselastic elasticmodulus modulus E'' the E" to to the elastic elastic modulus modulus E', E',

the predetermined the rangecomprises: predetermined range comprises: the elastic the elastic modulus modulus E' E' ofof 1.00 1.00  10 X 109 9 [Mpa]

[Mpa] or more or more andX3.00 and 3.00  109 [Mpa] 109 [Mpa]

or less, or less, and and

the tand the tanof 7.00X10-2 of 7.00 10-2orormore moreandand 1.501.50  10 x 10-1 or-1less. or less. 15 15 [Appendix8]

[Appendix 8] Thecorrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix7,7,characterized characterizedinin that that

a freeness a freenessofofa apulp pulpused used forfor thethe base base paper paper forming forming the liner the liner is 350is[ml] 350or

[ml] or moreand more and500500 [ml]

[ml] or or less. less.

20 20 [Appendix9]

[Appendix 9] Thecorrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix7 7oror8,8, characterized characterized in that in that

a double-faced a double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard in which in which theisliner the liner is bonded bonded to both to both sides sides of the of the medium is used medium is as the used as the corrugated corrugated cardboard. cardboard. 25 25 [Appendix10]

[Appendix 10] A corrugated A corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial materialcomprising comprisingaacardboard cardboardcomprising comprisinga a liner liner attachedtotoa amedium, attached medium, characterized characterized in in that that an amount an amount of of a sizing a sizing agent agent added added to thetoliner the liner is 0.2 is 0.2 [parts[parts by mass] by mass] or more or more

and4.0 and 4.0[parts

[partsbybymass] mass]or or less, less,

30 30 an amount an amount of of a paper a paper strength strength agentagent added added to the to theisliner liner 0.1 is 0.1 [parts

[parts by or by mass] mass] or moreand more and4.04.0 [parts

[parts by by mass] mass] or less, or less,

a length a lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length of of pulp pulp fibers fibers constituting constituting thethe liner liner is is 0.90 0.90 [mm]

[mm] or or

moreand more and1.551.55[mm]

[mm]ororless, less, and and an amount an amountof of fine fine fibershaving fibers having a fiber a fiber length length of 0.0 of 0.0 [mm]

[mm] or more or more and and 0.2 0.2

[mm] [mm] 35 35 or less or includedininthe less included thepulp pulpfibers fibersconstituting constitutingthe theliner linerisis 23 23[%]

[%]orormore moreandand 48 [%] 48 [%] or or

less. less.

[Appendix 11]

[Appendix 11] Thecorrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix10, 10,characterized characterizedinin that that

40 40 the amount the amountof of thethe sizing sizing agent agent added added is [parts is 0.8 0.8 [parts by mass] by mass] or more. or more.

[Appendix12]

[Appendix 12]

48

The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix1010oror11, 11, characterizedininthat characterized that 15 Dec 2023

the amount the amount of of the the paper paper strength strength agent agent addedadded is 1.0 is 1.0 [parts

[parts by or by mass] mass] more.or more.

[Appendix 13]

[Appendix 13] 5 5 The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1010 toto12, 12, characterizedininthat characterized that the length the lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is is 1.50 1.50 [mm]

[mm] or more. or more.

[Appendix 14]

[Appendix 14] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1010 toto13, 13, 2023282329

10 10 characterizedininthat characterized that the amount the amount of of finefibers fine fibersincluded included is is 40 40

[%][%] or or more. more.

[Appendix15]

[Appendix 15] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1010 toto14, 14, characterizedininthat characterized that 15 15 a double-faced a double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard in which in which theisliner the liner is bonded bonded to both to both sides sides of the of the medium is used medium is as the used as the corrugated corrugated cardboard. cardboard.

[Appendix16]

[Appendix 16] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1010 toto15, 15, characterizedininthat characterized that 20 20 the corrugated the cardboardswhich corrugated cardboards whichare arecontinuous continuousininaa band bandshape shapeare arealternately alternately folded back folded and stacked back and stackedone oneanother anothersosoasastoto be befolded folded zigzag. zigzag.

[Appendix 17]

[Appendix 17] A corrugated A corrugated cardboard cardboardmaterial materialcomprising comprisingaacardboard cardboardcomprising comprisinga aliner liner attachedtotoaamedium, attached medium, characterized characterized in in that that 25 25 a density a densityofof the theliner liner is is 0.60 [g/cm3]or 0.60 [g/cm³] or more moreandand0.85 0.85 [g/cm

[g/cm³] or3]less; or less; a length a lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length of of pulp pulp fibers fibers constituting constituting thethe liner liner is is 0.98 0.98 [mm]

[mm] or or

more and1.55 more and 1.55[mm]

[mm] or more or more and and 0.2 0.2 [mm]

[mm]

or less or includedininthe less included thepulp pulpfibers fibersconstituting constitutingthe theliner linerisis 15 15[%]

[%]orormore more andand 38 [%] 38 [%] or or

30 30 less. less.

[Appendix18]

[Appendix 18] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix17, 17,characterized characterizedinin that that

the density the densityisis 0.80 [g/cm3or 0.80[g/cm³] ] ormore, more, 35 35 the length the lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is is 1.10 1.10 [mm]

[mm] or more, or more, and and the amount the amountof of finefibers fine fibersincluded includedis is 18 18

[%][%] or or more. more.

[Appendix 19]

[Appendix 19] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoAppendix Appendix17,17,characterized characterizedinin that that

40 40 the length the lengthmean mean fiber fiber length length is is 0.98 0.98 [mm][mm] or more or more and[mm] and 1.05 1.05or[mm] less. or less.

[Appendix20]

[Appendix 20]

49

The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1717 toto19, 19, characterizedininthat characterized that 15 Dec 2023

a double-faced a double-faced corrugated corrugated cardboard cardboard in which in which theis the liner liner is bonded bonded to both to both sides sides of the of the medium is used medium is as the used as the corrugated corrugated cardboard. cardboard. 5 5 [Appendix21]

[Appendix 21] The corrugated The corrugatedcardboard cardboardmaterial materialaccording accordingtotoany anyone oneofofAppendixes Appendixes1717 toto20, 20, characterizedininthat characterized that the corrugated the cardboardswhich corrugated cardboards whichare arecontinuous continuousininaa band bandshape shapeare arealternately alternately folded back folded and stacked back and stackedone oneanother anothersosoasastoto be befolded folded zigzag. zigzag. 2023282329

10 10 Unless thecontext Unless the context clearly clearly requires requires otherwise, otherwise, throughout throughout the description the description and and the claims, the claims,the thewords words “comprise”, "comprise", “comprising”, "comprising", andlike and the theare liketoare be to be construed construed in an in an

inclusive sense inclusive senseasas opposed opposed to antoexclusive an exclusive or exhaustive or exhaustive sense; sense; that that is to is to say, in say, the in the

senseofof"including, sense “including,but butnot notlimited limitedto". to”. DESCRIPTION OF DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE REFERENCE SIGNSSIGNS 15 15 [0157]

[0157] 1 1 corrugated cardboard corrugated cardboardmaterial material 10 10 flute shape flute (corrugating shape (corrugating shape) shape)

2 2 sheet sheet 20 20 sheetpair sheet pair 20 20 21 21 first sheet first sheet

22 22 secondsheet second sheet 23 23 third sheet third sheet

50 50 folding apparatus folding apparatus 50A 50A conveyancepart conveyance part 25 25 50B 50B folding part folding part 50C 50C stackingpart stacking part F F crease crease L L auxiliary line auxiliary line

L1 L1 longitudinal dimension longitudinal dimension (firstdimension) (first dimension) 30 30 L2 L2 lateral dimension lateral dimension (second (second dimension) dimension)

L3 L3 height dimension height dimension (third (third dimension) dimension)

50

Claims

CLAIMS 29 Sep 2025

1. A corrugated cardboard material comprising a cardboard comprising a liner attached to a medium, comprising: 5 an amount of a sizing agent added to the liner is 0.2 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or less, an amount of a paper strength agent added to the liner is 0.1 [parts by mass] or more and 4.0 [parts by mass] or less, a length mean fiber length of pulp fibers constituting the liner is 0.90 [mm] or 2023282329

10 more and 1.55 [mm] or less, and an amount of fine fibers having a fiber length of 0.0 [mm] or more and 0.2 [mm] or less included in the pulp fibers constituting the liner is 23 [%] or more and 48 [%] or less.

15

2. The corrugated cardboard material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the sizing agent added is 0.8 [parts by mass] or more.

3. The corrugated cardboard material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the paper strength agent added is 1.0 [parts by mass] or more. 20

4. The corrugated cardboard material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length mean fiber length is 1.50 [mm] or more.

5. The corrugated cardboard material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 25 wherein the amount of fine fibers included is 40 [%] or more.

6. The corrugated cardboard material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a double-faced corrugated cardboard in which the liner is bonded to both sides of the medium is used as the corrugated cardboard. 30

7. The corrugated cardboard material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the corrugated cardboards which are continuous in a band shape are alternately folded back and stacked one another so as to be folded zigzag.