AU2018201822B2

AU2018201822B2 - Plant growing system and methods of using the same

Info

Publication number: AU2018201822B2
Application number: AU2018201822A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Ashley E. Alexander; Robert H. Bruno; Sara Ann Gordon; Phillip J. NATHAN; Matthew L. Phillips; Mark Gerard Prinster; Kimberly Ann Rygielski; Bradley Alan Schultz; Tara Marie Zasadzinski
Original assignee: OMS Investments Inc
Current assignee: OMS Investments Inc
Priority date: 2012-02-17
Filing date: 2018-03-14
Publication date: 2020-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-15
Also published as: CA2861094A1; US20150156973A1; HK1203301A1; CN110476730A; CA3125973A1; US20200288643A1; CN104114020A; WO2013123447A1; EP2814315A1; AU2013221245B2; EP2814315B1; AU2018201822A1; CN104114020B; AU2020203455B2; EP3925437B1; AU2013221245A1; CN110476730B; CA2861094C; MX381430B; EP2814315A4

Abstract

Exemplary embodiments relate to a seed planting system that incorporates an outer shell, a plant growing or rooting media, seed(s), fertilizer, and a lid, as well as methods of using this planting system. Exemplary embodiments also relate to an indoor growing unit which is configured for use with the seed planting system.

Description

PLANT GROWING SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME RELATED APPLICATIONS

[01] This application has been divided out of Australian patent

application 2013221245 (AU 2013221245). In the description in this specification reference may

be made to subject matter which is not within the scope of the appended claims. That subject

matter should be readily identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into

practice the invention as defined in the appended claims.

[02] AU 2013221245 is the national phase entry in Australia of PCT international

application PCT/US2013/026511 (published as WO 2013/123447 Al). The full disclosure of

WO 2013/123447 is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[03] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of the following

provisional applications: (1) U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/600,565, filed February 17,

2012, (2) U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/637,193, filed April 23, 2012, (3) U.S. Provisional

Application No. 61/648,982, filed May 18, 2012, and (4) U.S. Provisional Application No.

61/715,088, filed October 17, 2012. The contents of each of these provisional applications are

incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[04] The present application also claims priority to and the benefit of the following

design applications: (1) U.S. Application No. 29/418,920, filed April 23, 2012, (2) U.S.

Application No. 29/422,347, filed May 18, 2012, (3) U.S. Application No. 29/428,679, filed

August 2, 2012, and (4) U.S. Application No. 29/434,848, filed October 17, 2012. The contents

of each of these design applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[05] The present application is related to U.S. Application No. 29/413,720, filed

February 17, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. D671,028, the contents of which are incorporated by

reference in their entirety.

1 10551710_2.doc

FIELD OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[06] Exemplary embodiments relate to a seed planting system that incorporates an

outer shell, a plant growing or rooting media, seed(s), fertilizer, and a lid, as well as methods of

using this plant growing system. Exemplary embodiments also relate to an indoor growing unit

having an integral water and light source. The indoor growing unit is configured for use with the

seed planting system.

SUMMARY OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[07] A first aspect of the present invention provides a plant growing system

comprising a biodegradable outer shell, a rooting media, a fertilizer or nutrient, seeds, and a

removable lid, wherein said: said outer shell comprises a molded material, a formed material, a

composted material, a shaped material, or combinations thereof; said rooting media comprises

soil, coir, vermiculite, compost, perlite, bark fines, peat, wood shavings, mulch, or combinations

thereof; said rooting media further comprises dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes for

positioning, housing, or receiving seeds; and said rooting media is covered by a biodegradable

plug, a biodegradable lid, a water permeable adhesive, coir, coir dust, vermiculite, compost,

perlite bark fines, peat, wood shavings, mulch or combinations thereof, overlaying or filling said

dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes.

[08] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a seed pod, seed cone,

planting cone, and/ or a planting system that simplifies the seed planting process.

[09] Exemplary embodiments provide a seed pod, seed cone, planting cone, and/ or

planting system that include all of the necessary components for growing a plant with minimal

effort.

[010] Exemplary embodiments include that when the seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone, and/ or planting system is planted and watered, there is no need for any additional

nutrients, fertilizers, or plant treatments for the successful growth of the plant.

2 105517102.doc

[011] Exemplary embodiments provide that when the seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone, and/ or planting system is planted, there is no need to determine the appropriate depth for

seed planting nor any need for determining the proper planting distance between each of the

seed pods, seed cones, planting cones, and/ or planting systems.

[012] Another exemplary embodiment provides a seed pod, seed cone, planting cone

and/ or planting system that have an outer shell, a plant growing or rooting media, seeds,

fertilizer and/or nutrients, and a lid.

[013] Another exemplary embodiment provides an outer shell made of composted,

molded, formed, and/or shapeable materials.

[014] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides an outer shell that is molded into a

form that provides maximum rigidity for penetration into a surface. Additionally, the outer shell

should be of a sufficient size and circumference to sustain the early stages of plant growth.

[015] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides an outer shell that incorporates a

flange to aid in proper depth placement, thereby allowing the end user to position the seed pod,

seed cone, planting cone and/ or planting system at the proper and optimal growing depth.

[016] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides plant growing or rooting media

that is inserted into or within the outer shell.

[017] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides plant growing media or rooting

media that is molded or formed and shaped to fit integrally within the outer shell.

[018] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides plant growing media or rooting

media that has external ribs and gaps there between, such that the gaps form one or more

channels between the inner wall of the outer shell and the plant growing media or rooting media.

In one embodiment, the channels formed by the gaps are open and extend throughout the

length of the inner wall of the outer shell such that water flows freely to the bottom of the seed

pod, seed cone, planting cone, and/ or planting system. In another exemplary embodiment, one

or more of the gaps are closed such that one or more of the channels are formed below the

3 105517102.doc upper surface of the rooting media (i.e. the channel does not extend throughout the length of the inner wall of the outer shell) such that the flow of water to the bottom of the seed pod, seed cone, planting cone, and/ or planting system may be reduced. In another exemplary embodiment, the gaps form closed channels that open at the top and continue for only part of the length of the inner wall of the outer shell.

[019] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides external ribs on the plant growing

media or rooting media that allow the flow of water below the plant growing media or rooting

media to access fertilizer located within and at the bottom of the outer shell. The external ribs

also allow the water to accumulate at the bottom of the shell and ultimately wick back up to

provide moisture to the seed, through absorption by the rooting media.

[020] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides plant growing media or rooting

media that has dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes for positioning or housing of the seed(s).

There may be one or more dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes present in the plant growing

media or rooting media. Once the seeds are placed within the formed dibbles, recesses,

concavities or holes the seed may be covered or overlaid with a plug or lid to seal the seed within

the media.

[021] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides that the planting growing media or

rooting media comprises slits for placement of the seeds. In another exemplary embodiment,

the fertilizer may be admixed or integrated into the plant growing media or rooting media.

[022] Exemplary embodiments provide within the bottom of the outer shell an amount

of a fertilizer or nutrient to help sustain the growth and/or establishment of the seeds.

[023] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides fertilizer or nutrient that is a

controlled release nutrient. These nutrients may comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,

secondary nutrients, and/or micronutrients.

[024] Another exemplary embodiment is that the seed pod, seed cone, planting cone

and/ or planting system includes a lid that seals the contents within the outer shell.

4 105517102.doc

[025] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides a lid that is made of a

biodegradable material. The lid may be configured to fit onto the outer shell, fit into the outer

shell, or may be adhered onto the outer shell.

[026] An additional exemplary embodiment is a seed pod, seed cone, planting cone

and/ or planting system that includes seed(s) of plant(s). These plants may include vegetables,

flowers, fruits, herbs, grass, trees, or perennial plant parts (e.g., bulbs, roots, crown, stem, tubers,

etc.).

[027] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides a seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone and/ or planting system that can be configured as individual units or assembled into a

conglomeration of different units comprising the same or different seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone and/ or planting system. This assembly may be packaged into a tray.

[028] Yet another exemplary embodiment provides a seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone and/ or planting system that may be used in a method of planting a seed.

[029] Another exemplary embodiment includes a method of growing plants using the

seed pod, seed cone, planting cone and/ or planting system.

[030] Yet another exemplary embodiment is a seed pod, seed cone, planting cone, and/

or planting system that is integrated, adapted, and/or packaged together with an indoor growing

unit, such that the indoor growing unit readily accommodates the seed pod, seed cone, planting

cone, and/ or planting system to provide sufficient light and a water source for the establishment

of a plant. The indoor growing unit is configured to include an adjustable light source as well as

an integral water supply. The seed pod, seed cone, planting cone, and/ or planting system may

be placed into holders included with the indoor growing unit to facilitate the growth of the

seed(s).

[031] Exemplary embodiments include a plant growing system having a biodegradable

outer shell, a rooting media, a fertilizer or nutrient, seeds, and a removable lid. The outer shell

is formed from a molded material, a formed material, a composted material, a shaped material, or

5 10551710_2.doc combinations thereof; and the rooting media includes soil, coir, vermiculite, compost, perlite, bark fines, peat, wood shavings, mulch, or combinations thereof.

[032] Another exemplary embodiment is a system that includes a base plate, an

adjustable lighting fixture that overhangs the base plate, one or more growing containers that fit

within the base, and a water reservoir that automatically dispenses water to the one or more

growing containers via the base plate. Additionally the system may include one or more pod

trays for use with the growing containers.

[033] Another exemplary embodiment includes a method of using the indoor growing

unit. Seed pods or seeds are planted in the indoor growing unit. The seed pods are placed in a

pod tray in a growing container. Seeds are planted directly into a growing container into an

appropriate growing media contained in the growing container. The seed pods or seeds

germinate with the unit providing light and water. Plants started in the unit can be either

transplanted outdoors, or can be grown directly to harvest. Alternatively, the stand and lighting

fixture may be removed and the base plate, water reservoir, and growing containers may be

transported outside for continued growing.

[034] Yet another exemplary embodiment is a system that includes a base plate, an

trays for use with the growing containers. The system may also include one or more capillary

mats located in the bottom of the growing containers to facilitate the wicking or transport of

water from the base plate to one or more seed pods located in a pod tray that is seated in the

growing container. The capillary mat may be held in place with a securing mechanism that mates

with the growing container. An optional bridge piece may be used as an interface between the

capillary mat and the pod tray to further facilitate transport of the water to the seed pod in the

pod tray.

6 10551710_2.doc

[035] Exemplary embodiments include a plant system having a biodegradable outer

shell, a rooting media, a fertilizer or nutrient, seeds, and a removable lid, with the outer shell

comprising a molded material, a formed material, a composted material, a shaped material, or

combinations thereof; and the rooting media including soil, coir, vermiculite, compost, perlite,

bark fines, peat, wood shavings, mulch, or combinations thereof.

[036] Another exemplary embodiment includes a system, having a base plate; a stand;

an adjustable lighting fixture that overhangs the base plate and is attached to the stand; one or

more growing containers that fit within the base plate.

[037] Another exemplary embodiment includes a method of planting a seed that

includes pushing the planting system into a planting surface, and watering said plant growing

system, where the planting system is pushed into a prepared surface, into a surface adapted for

receiving the planting system, or into an unprepared surface.

[038] Yet another exemplary embodiment includes a method of growing a garden that

includes planting the plant growing system and watering said plant growing system.

[039] Alternatively or additionally, an exemplary embodiment seeks to at least provide

the public with a useful choice.

[040] These and other embodiments and advantages of the preferred embodiments, not

specifically mentioned above, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the

present drawings, specifications, and claims. It is intended that all such additional embodiments

and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the disclosure and be

protected by the preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[041] Figure 1 depicts an exploded view of the components of a planting system

according to exemplary embodiments.

[042] Figure 2 depicts an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of a planting

system according to exemplary embodiments.

7 105517102.doc

[043] Figure 3 depicts a perspective view of a planting system according to exemplary

embodiments.

[044] Figure 4 is a front elevational view thereof.

[045] Figure 5 is a rear elevational view thereof.

[046] Figure 6 is a bottom plan view thereof.

[047] Figure 7 depicts a perspective view of a planting system depicting a layer of the

top cover pulled back according to exemplary embodiments.

[048] Figure 8 depicts a perspective view of a second embodiment of a planting system

depicting a layer of the top cover pulled back according to exemplary embodiments.

[049] Figure 9 depicts a perspective view of a planting system with the top cover and

the internal plug removed according to exemplary embodiments.

[050] Figure 10 depicts a perspective view of a planting system with the top cover

removed depicting the internal plug according to exemplary embodiments.

[051] Figure 11 is a top plan view thereof.

[052] Figure 12 depicts a perspective view of the internal plug removed from the

planting system according to exemplary embodiments.

[053] Figure 13 is a front elevational view thereof.

[054] Figure 14 is a top plan view thereof.

[055] Figure 15 is a bottom plan view thereof.

[056] Figure 16 depicts a perspective view of a planting system with the top cover

removed and a second embodiment of the internal plug.

[057] Figure 17 depicts a top view thereof.

[058] Figure 18 depicts a perspective view of the second embodiment of the internal

plug removed from the planting system.

[059] Figure 19 is a rear elevational view thereof.

[060] Figure 20 is a top plan view thereof.

8 10551710_2.doc

[061] Figure 21 is a bottom plan view thereof.

[062] Figure 22 depicts a perspective view of a third embodiment of the internal plug

removed from the planting system.

[063] Figure 23 is a rear elevational view thereof.

[064] Figure 24 depicts a cut-away view thereof.

[065] Figure 25 depicts a perspective view of fourth embodiment of the internal plug

removed from the planting system.

[066] Figure 26 depicts a cut-away view thereof.

[067] Figure 27 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a carrying tray

according to exemplary embodiments.

[068] Figure 28 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a second carrying

tray according to exemplary embodiments.

[069] Figure 29 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a third carrying tray

according to exemplary embodiments.

[070] Figure 30 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a fourth carrying

tray according to exemplary embodiments.

[071] Figure 31 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a fifth carrying tray

according to exemplary embodiments.

[072] Figure 32 depicts a perspective view of the planting system in a sixth carrying tray

according to exemplary embodiments.

[073] Figure 33 depicts an exploded view of an indoor growing unit according to

exemplary embodiments.

[074] Figure 34 depicts a front perspective view of thereof.

[075] Figure 35 depicts a rear perspective view thereof.

[076] Figure 36 depicts a perspective view of a cloche according to exemplary

embodiments.

9 10551710_2.doc

[077] Figure 37 depicts a perspective view of a pod tray according to exemplary

embodiments.

[078] Figure 38 depicts a perspective view of a growing container according to

exemplary embodiments.

[079] Figure 39 depicts a perspective view of a base plate according to exemplary

embodiments.

[080] Figure 40 depicts a perspective view of a stand according to exemplary

embodiments.

[081] Figure 41 depicts a perspective view of a water reservoir according to exemplary

embodiments.

[082] Figure 42 depicts a front perspective view of a second embodiment of an indoor

growing unit according to exemplary embodiments.

[083] Figure 43 depicts a front perspective view of a third embodiment of an indoor

growing unit according to exemplary embodiments.

[084] Figure 44 depicts a front perspective view of a fourth embodiment of an indoor

growing unit according to exemplary embodiments.

[085] Figure 45 is an exploded parts view showing the components of a fifth

embodiment of an indoor growing unit according to exemplary embodiments

[086] Figure 46 is a front perspective view of thereof.

[087] Figure 47 is a rear perspective view thereof.

[088] Figure 48 is a front perspective view thereof with the pod trays from the growing

trays removed.

[089] Figure 49 is a front perspective view thereof with two of the growing trays

removed and the pod tray removed.

[090] Figure 50 is a front perspective view of a sixth embodiment of an indoor growing

unit according to exemplary embodiments.

10 10551710_2.doc

[091] Figure 51 is a cross-sectional view of a growing tray and a pod tray with a

capillary mat according to exemplary embodiments.

[092] Figure 52 is an exploded parts view of the components thereof according to

exemplary embodiments.

[093] Figure 53 is a cross-sectional view of thereof.

[094] Figure 54 is an exploded parts view of another embodiment of the components

of a growing tray according to exemplary embodiments.

[095] Figure 55 is a graph demonstrating the germination of basil in seed pods

comprising either (i) loose coir or (ii) a molded plug, at various planting depths according to

exemplary embodiments.

[096] Figure 56 is a graph demonstrating the germination of basil in seed pods

exemplary embodiments.

[097] Figure 57 is a comparison of the moisture wicking capabilities of the seed pods at

various soil depths according to exemplary embodiments.

[098] Figure 58 is a graph comparing percent germination of the seed pod rooting

media as a function of time.

[099] Figure 59 is a front perspective view of a seventh embodiment of an indoor

growing unit according to exemplary embodiments.

[0100] Figure 60 is an exploded parts view thereof.

[0101] Figure 61 is a cut-away view of the growing tray thereof with one growing tray

removed.

[0102] Figure 62 is a second cut-away view of the growing tray thereof with one growing

tray and the seed pods removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

11 10551710_2.doc

[0103] It will be readily understood by those persons skilled in the art that the preferred

embodiments described herein are capable of broad utility and application. Accordingly, while

exemplary embodiments described herein in detail in relation to the exemplary embodiments, it

is to be understood that this disclosure is illustrative and exemplary of embodiments, and is

made to provide an enabling disclosure of the exemplary embodiments. The disclosure is not

intended to be construed to limit the embodiments or otherwise to exclude any other such

embodiments, adaptations, variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements.

[0104] The figures depict various functionalities and features associated with exemplary

embodiments. While a single illustrative feature, device, or component is shown, these

illustrative features, devices, or components may be multiplied for various applications or

different application environments. In addition, the features, devices, or components may be

further combined into a consolidated unit or divided into sub-units. Further, while a particular

structure or type of feature, device, or component is shown, this structure is meant to be

exemplary and non-limiting, as other structure may be able to be substituted to perform the

functions described.

[0105] It has been found in accordance exemplary embodiments that the seed pod, seed

cone, planting cone and/ or planting system provides for an easy, productive, and efficient

means for growing plants. When inserted into a surface, the seed pod, seed cone, planting cone

and/ or planting system is able to produce plants without the difficulty, confusion, and

inconvenience of planting individual seeds into the planting surface.

[0106] Exemplary embodiments simplify and remove the general difficulties experienced

by novice and seasoned gardeners. These difficulties might include the depth of seed placement,

the distance between seeds, the type of fertilizer or nutrient required for proper plant growth, the

amount of nutrient need for plant growth, the amount of water needed for plant growth, and the

general trial and error associated with gardening. The seed pod, seed cone, planting cone and/

12 105517102.doc or planting system removes the guess work out of gardening and only requires inserting the seed pod, seed cone, planting cone and/ or planting system into a surface and watering.

A. Definitions

[0107] "Seed pod," "seed cone," "planting cone," and "planting system" (hereafter

collectively referred to as "seed pod") refer to an assembly or system according to exemplary

embodiments that includes an outer shell, plant growing or rooting media housed within the

outer shell, seed(s) of plant(s), fertilizer or nutrients, and a lid. The seed pod may be a plant

growing system. An exemplary representation of a seed pod according to exemplary

embodiments is depicted, for example, in figures 1-11 and 16-17.

[0108] "Outer shell" refers to an outer layer which has an apex at the bottom and an

opening at the top to allow insertion of the plant growing media or rooting media. An

exemplary representation of an outer shell can be seen, for example, in Figures 1 and 2, for

example.

[0109] "Triangular acorn shape" is the shape assumed by the seed pod, seed cone,

planting cone and/ or planting system and as referenced in Figures 1-10, for example.

[0110] "Plant growing media," "rooting media," or "inner plug," (hereafter collectively

referred to as "rooting media") refer to a media in which a seed(s) is placed and allowed to

germinate into a plant and is housed within the outer shell. An exemplary representation of an

inner plug can be seen in Figures 12-15 and 18-26, for example.

[0111] "Dibbles," "recesses," "concavities," or "holes" (hereafter collectively referred to

as "dibbles") refer to a depression of shallow to medium depth formed in a surface. An

exemplary representation of a dibble can be seen, for example, on the tops of the rooting media,

in Figures 1, 2, 12, 18, and 26, for example.

[0112] "Indoor growing unit," "indoor planting unit," and the like refer to a unit and/or

system configured to be used indoors to germinate and/or grow plants. The unit is designed to

13 10551710_2.doc be modular, self-contained, and house or provide the necessary growing conditions for plants

(e.g., light, water, fertilizer, soil, etc.), such as through the use of a seed pod or planting system as

defined above. The use of a seed pod is not required however, as seeds may be planted directly

into growing media contained within the indoor growing unit. An exemplary embodiments of

the indoor growing unit can be seen, for example, in Figures 33, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, and 59.

[0113] Figures 1-11 depict a seed pod 100 according to exemplary embodiments. The

seed pod 100 may have a lid 102, rooting media 106, and an outer shell 114. The lid 102 may be

made of one or more layers 104, such as 104A and 104B. The lid 102 seals the contents of the

seed pod 100 within the outer shell 114. The lid 102 may be made of a biodegradable material

and is configured to fit onto the outer shell 114, fit into the outer shell 114, or be adhered onto a

flange 116 of the outer shell 114. The top of the lid layers 104 may be constructed such that the

top layer 104A may be peeled back to reveal a second layer 104B. The second layer 104B may

have printed instructions thereon or other information relating to the seed pod 100 and its use.

The use of multiple layers according to exemplary embodiments allows for a consumer to review

information relating to seed pod 100 while enabling the seed pod 100 to remain sealed.

According to exemplary embodiments, the seed pod 100 may be 94% biodegradable.

[0114] The outer shell 114 provides a protective housing unit for the rooting media 106,

the seed(s) 112, and fertilizer 118 and/or nutrient 118 from the external environment

surrounding the seed pod 100.

[0115] The rooting media 106 has one or more dibbles 110 and external ribs 108. In

between each of the external ribs 108 is a gap 109. The rooting media 106 may be formed or

shaped into a cone, spike, acorn, triangular acorn, or flower pot. Exemplary embodiments of the

rooting media 106A, 106B, 106C, and 106D can be found in Figures 12-15, 18-26, respectively.

B. Outer Shell

[0116] The outer shell 114 of the seed pod 100 provides a protective housing unit for

the rooting media 106, the seed or seeds 112, and fertilizer 118 and/or nutrient 118 from the

14 10551710_2.doc external environment surrounding the seed pod 100. During the early stages of plant growth, the seed pod 100 creates a microenvironment with sufficient nutrients to allow for the successful germination of the plant. Additionally, the outer shell 114 is configured in such a manner that it provides a mechanism or platform for inserting the seed(s) 112 into the planting surface.

However, after the initial germination process, the outer shell 114 should be capable of allowing

the growing plant to take root in the surrounding external environment. Thus, the outer shell

114 may be sufficiently rigid for initial insertion and protection of the young seed 112 and also

permeable enough to allow the growing plant to take root in the surrounding environment.

[0117] As described above, the outer shell 114 should be sufficiently rigid and also

biodegradable to allow for root penetration. The materials that are suitable for accomplishing

this object may include formed, moldable, composted, and/or shapeable materials. Such

materials may include manure, peat moss, brown sugarcane fibers, coir, corn stover, sunflower

stem, white sugarcane fibers or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the outer shell 114 is

composed of a formed, molded, and/or composted material. This might include composted and

molded or formed peat moss. In another embodiment, the outer shell 114 is composed of

formed or molded manure. Manure can be derived from any animal source, but in one

embodiment, the manure is derived from a cow, bull, or horse, preferably a cow. In another

embodiment, the outer shell 114 is composed of material derived from poultry feathers. It

should be appreciated that the materials used in the fabrication of the outer shell 114 can also be

derived from organic and/or natural sources. As such, plants or vegetables that germinate from

the seed pod 100 may be classified and rated as organic.

[0118] The outer shell 114 of the seed pod 100 is designed to be inserted into a surface.

For example, the surface may be soil. Typically, gardeners desire to pre-dig a hole in the planting

surface to accommodate a plant or seed 112. The outer shell 114 eliminates the need, in some

instances, for pre-digging a hole to receive the seed pod 100. This is accomplished by forming

the outer shell 114 into a specific shape that optimizes penetration into a surface, such as, but

15 105517102.doc not limited to, dirt, soil, container, raised bed, clay, rocks, gravel, sand, or a tray specifically adapted to receive the seed pod 100. As such, various shapes of the outer shell 114 may be used to meet this function.

[0119] In one embodiment, the outer shell 114 is shaped like a cone, an acorn, or a

combination thereof. It has been found that when the outer shell 114 is shaped as a cone, it

provides the best penetration of the seed pod 100 into the planting surface. It has also been

found that when the outer shell 114 of the seed pod 100 is shaped as an acorn, it provides the

best surface area for germinating the seed. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments seek to

combine the benefits of both the cone shape and the acorn shaped. Thus, in an embodiment,

the seed pod 100 is shaped as a triangular acorn shape.

[0120] The overall thickness of the outer shell 114 plays an important role in the

establishment and/or growth of the seed 112 in the seed pod 100. To optimize the protective

environment of the outer shell 114, while also allowing penetration of the roots from a growing

plant, the outer shell 114 may have a particular thickness that withstands insertion into the

planting surface and allows for root penetration. In an embodiment, the thickness of the outer

shell 114 is conserved throughout the entire outer shell 114. This thickness may be in the range

of about 0.025 to 0.25 inches, more preferably in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.15 inches,

and even more preferably in the range of about 0.09 to about 0.13 inches. In another

embodiment, the thickness of the outer shell 114 may also be in the range of about 0.08 to about

0.11inches. In yet another embodiment, the thickness of the outer shell 114is 0.11 inches.

[0121] Because soil or dirt may differ from region to region, insertion of the seed pod

100 into the planting surface may cause the outer shell 114 to collapse or crack upon insertion.

Accordingly, the tip or apex 115 of the outer shell 114 may be reinforced. One type of

reinforcement is to provide a thicker apex or tip 115 such that when the tip 115 of the outer

shell 114 is inserted into the planting surface, it is more rigid than the remainder of the outer

shell 114 and is capable of withstanding a greater impact force. Thus, in one embodiment, the

16 10551710_2.doc tip 115 of the outer shell 114 is fabricated or molded by thickening only the tip portion and graduating the sides of the outer shell 114 with less thickness, such that it preserves the ability of the plant to extend its roots. Alternatively, the tip 115 may be reinforced with a thickening agent or solidifying agent, such that it is sufficiently rigid when dry, but biodegradable after sufficient hydration or moisture.

[0122] The seed pod 100 can be virtually any circumference. It should be appreciated

that the potential size of the plant generated from the seed 112 as well as the nutritional

requirements of the seed may dictate the overall circumferential size of the seed pod 100. Thus,

some of the factors that may dictate the circumference of the seed pod 100 may include, for

example, the amount of fertilizer 118 or nutrient 118 supply provided in the seed pod 100, the

types of seeds 112 planted, or the types of plant that germinates from the seed pod 100. The

foregoing list of factors is not intended to be an exhaustive list of factors, but a representation of

some of the factors that may dictate the circumferential size of the outer shell 114.

[0123] Proper depth placement also plays an important role in the successful

germination of a seed. To aid in this process, the seed pod 100 integrates a seed depth indicator

into the outer shell 114. In one embodiment, the seed depth indicator is the flange 116 that is

located at the top of the seed pod 100. The flange 116 forms a lip that guides the user to insert

the seed pod 100 to the proper seed 112 depth. By inserting the pod 100 until the flange 116 is

level with the surrounding soil or dirt, it will indicate to the user that the seed 112 has been

properly positioned for optimal seed germination and growth. Thus, in one embodiment, the

flange 116 extends along the top of the entire periphery of the outer shell 114. The flange 116

may also serve as an area or surface onto which the lid 102 is fastened, secured, or adhered.

C. Rooting media

[0124] Figures 12-15 and 18-26 depict exemplary embodiments of rooting media 106.

Located and housed within the outer shell 114 is the rooting media 106 which provides a

substrate in which the seed will grow. The rooting media 106 may be made of a variety of

17 10551710_2.doc materials. These might include, for example, coir (compressed, non-compressed, screened, coir dust, and/or coir pith), peat, peat moss (for example, sphagnum peat moss), peat humus, vermiculite, compost perlite, bark, bark fines, composted bark fines, wood shavings, saw dust, mulch, a modified cornstarch, corn stover, sunflower stem, composted rice hulls, reed sedge peat, composted manure, composted forest products, coffee grounds, composted paper fiber, digested manure fiber, composted tea leaves, bagasse, yard waste compost, cotton derivatives, wood ash, bark ash, vegetative by-products, agricultural by-products, or combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the rooting media may include fertilizers or fertilizing agents. These

materials may also be formed and/or molded into a solid form. In an embodiment, the rooting

media 106 is molded into a cone, acorn, triangular acorn, flower pot, or spike form. In another

embodiment, the rooting media 106 is the Q-PLUG@ or EXCEL-PLUG@ manufactured and

sold by International Horticultural Technologies, Inc. Hollister, CA 95024. In another

embodiment, the Q-PLUG@ or EXCEL-PLUG@ is molded and shaped into a cone, acorn,

triangular acorn, flower pot, or spike shape. In another embodiment, the molded and/or formed

rooting media 106 is adapted to fully or partially fill the interior space defined by the outer shell

114. Thus, in one embodiment, the rooting media 106 may be formed or shaped into a

truncated cone, spike, acorn, triangular acorn, or flower pot such that it leaves a void at the

bottom interior space of the outer shell 114. Similar to the outer shell 114, the components of

the rooting media 106 may be derived from natural or organic sources. As such, plants or

vegetables that are produced from the seed pods 100 may be classified and rated as organic.

[0125] Exemplary embodiments include a rooting media 106 in which the molded or

formed shape provides a means to control and retain water for an extended period of time. The

rooting media 106 has been shaped and configured to comprise external ribs that create pockets

or channels between the inner wall of the outer shell 114 and the rooting media 106. In one

embodiment, the external ribs 108 are adapted to frictionally engage the interior wall of the outer

shell 114 such that it holds the rooting media 106 in place, and/or permits the migration of water

18 105517102.doc into a lower interior chamber, which is created by a truncated rooting media 106. In another embodiment, the external ribs 108 form open channels or gaps 109 that allow the flow of water to the bottom of the seed pod 100. In yet another embodiment, the external ribs 108 form closed channels that reduce the flow of water to the bottom of the seed pod 100. In yet another embodiment, the external ribs 108 form closed channels that open at the top and continue for only part of the length of the inner wall of the outer shell 114.

[0126] Without being bound by any particular theory, the channels created by the

external ribs 108 allow the flow of water to rooting media 106 as well as the outer shell 114.

This provides an accelerated hydration of the entire seed pod 100 that allows for enhanced or

rapid germination of a seed 112. In one embodiment, the shaped and molded rooting media 106

comprises between 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 external ribs 108 or gaps

109. In another embodiment, the shaped and molded rooting media 106 may comprise 4

external ribs 108 or gaps 109.

[0127] The external ribs 108 and gaps 109 may also provide other functions. First, the

external ribs 108 may act as friction points with the outer shell 114 to prevent the rooting media

106 from falling out when it is dry. Second, the gaps 109 may provide water channels and water

retention within the channels during the watering and growing phases of the seed. When users

water the seed pod 100, water will travel through the channels and fill the fertilizer area that is

located beneath the rooting media 106 in the apex 115 of the seed pod 100. As water

accumulates, the water will travel back through the channels and may accumulate in these

channels until it is further absorbed by either the seed, rooting media 106, or fertilizer 118, or

diffuses out of the seed pod 100. Third, it serves a functional role by preventing buoyancy of the

rooting media 106 from lifting out of the outer shell 114. The gaps 109 act as air release valves

which allow pressure within the fertilizer chamber to be released.

[0128] In another embodiment, the rooting media 106 may be recessed from the top

flange 116 of the outer shell 114 to provide a water holding reservoir. While not being bound by

19 10551710_2.doc any particular theory, as a user waters the seed pod 100, the recessed area may hold additional quantities of water that will funnel through the channels created by the external ribs 108 molded into the rooting media. This reservoir provides extended hydration to the seeds 112 within the seed pod 100. In another embodiment, the rooting media 106 may comprise a water absorbent polymer to aid in the retention of water over a duration of time.

[0129] According to exemplary embodiments, the rooting media 106 may comprise

dibbles 110 that provide areas for seed positioning, housing, or receiving. It should be

appreciated that the number of dibbles 110 made in the rooting media 106 will depend on the

seed 112 types planted. In an embodiment, there are three dibbles 110 in the surface of the

rooting media 106, such as shown in Figure 1, for example. In yet another embodiment, there

may be two dibbles 110 in the surface, such as shown in Figure 22, for example. Other numbers

and configurations of dibbles are possible. In another embodiment the rooting media 106 may

comprise slits for positioning, housing or receiving a seed 112. In another embodiment, the

rooting media 106 may comprise up to four slits.

[0130] Once the seed 112 is placed within the dibble 110, the seed may be covered or

overlaid by a variety of materials to prevent the seed 112 from falling out of the dibble 110. In

an embodiment, the cover for the dibble 110 may be a biodegradable plug, a biodegradable lid, a

water permeable adhesive, coir dust admixed with an adhesive material (e.g., EnviroHold@,

polyvinyl acetate coating, starched based), or combinations thereof. An exemplary cover 105A is

depicted in Figure 1 in the form of a cylindrical plug. This is meant to be exemplary and non

limiting since a variety of cover types and shapes may be used as described herein. For example,

the cover 105A may be conically shaped or flat. Furthermore, a single cover 105A is depicted. It

should be appreciated that each of the dibbles 110 may have a cover 105A. In a particular

embodiment, the cover 105A that overlays each of the dibbles 110 may be inserted into the

dibbles 110 and plugged in a wine-cork fashion and held in place by friction. In another

20 10551710_2.doc embodiment, the dibble filler, plug, lid, or cover 105A may be held in place by an adhesive substance, which may be made of polymers or from natural products.

[0131] In another exemplary embodiment, as depicted in Figure 2, a cover 105B for the

dibble may be made of coir fines. The coir fines may be held in place by an adhesive. The

adhesive may be applied using a spray such that the coir fines are saturated by the adhesive and

held in place thereby. The adhesive may be transparent. The cover 105B depicted in Figure 2

may cover the majority of the upper surface of rooting media 106B. Thus, the coir fines that

make up the cover 105B may be applied in a bulk manner during the assembly of the planting

system 100. In some embodiments, the cover 105B may be applied to each dibble 110

individually and then held in place by adhesive. It should be appreciated that in Figure 2, only a

single seed 112 is depicted for illustrative purposes, however, like Figure 1 there may be a seed

for each dibble 110. In other embodiments, the cover 105B for the dibble 110 may be held in

place by a mechanical means. In one embodiment the dibble cover 105B may be a biodegradable

plug made of peat, coir (compressed, non-compressed, screened, coir dust, and/or coir pith),

peat moss (for example, sphagnum peat moss), peat humus, vermiculite, compost, perlite, bark,

bark fines, composted bark fines, wood shavings, saw dust, mulch, a modified cornstarch, corn

stover, sunflower stem, composted rice hulls, reed sedge peat, composted manure, composted

forest products, coffee grounds, composted paper fiber, digested manure fiber, composted tea

leaves, bagasse, yard waste compost, cotton derivatives, wood ash, bark ash, or biofoam available

through Natur-tech (e.g., Natur-tech nuudles), cookie pellets, vegetative by-products, agricultural

by-products,, or combinations thereof, that plugs into the dibbles 110 possessing seeds 112. In

another embodiment, the dibble cover may be a biodegradable lid made of biofoam, polyvinyl

alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dibble cover is

made of an adhesive that may be natural or synthetic. These may include for example, guar gum,

pine tar, seed-flour based, starch based adhesives, biofoams, polyvinyl alcohols, cookie meal,

molasses, natural rubber emulsions, vegetable oils (e.g., neem oil), gelatins, or combinations

21 10551710_2.doc thereof. As indicated above, the rooting media 102, lid 102, and/or adhesive may be composed and constructed of natural or organic materials such that the final plant or vegetable product produced from the seed pod 100 may be designated as an organic product. It should be appreciated that the material and type of covering for the dibbles 110 may vary and may be freely substituted by any material that comports with the general concepts described herein. As such, the types and components used to make the dibble covering should not be so limited to those specifically recited above.

D. Seeds and other plant parts

[0132] It should be appreciated that the seed pod 100 may be used to grow and

germinate a wide variety of plants. These plants may generally include, for example, flowers,

vegetable, fruits, herbs, grass, trees, or perennial plant parts (e.g., bulbs, tubers, roots, crowns,

stems, etc.). Certainly, any plant that a gardener can envision may be incorporated into the seed

pod 100 according to exemplary embodiments. While it is not an exhaustive list, the types of

plant seeds 112 that may be included in the seed pod 100 are globe tomato, cherry tomato, roma

tomato, cantaloupe, honey dew, jalapeno pepper, sweet pepper, straight cucumber, zucchini,

yellow zucchini, watermelon, pumpkin, basil, cilantro, dill, thyme, bush bean, looseleaf lettuce,

butterhead lettuce, romaine lettuce, smooth leaf spinach, snap pea, oregano, thyme, mint, radish,

eggplant, broccoli, collards, cabbage, leek, zinnia, sunflower, marigold, carrot, corn, beet, parsnip,

turnip, swiss chard, fennel, Marjoram, or combinations thereof. In exemplary embodiments,

each seed pod 100 may include one or more seeds. As described herein, the seeds 112 are placed

into the dibble(s) 110, of the rooting media 106. According to exemplary embodiments, one

seed 112 may be placed in each dibble 110.

[0133] In another embodiment, the seed 112 may be coated with various agricultural

agents that may help preserve the longevity of the seed 112. These coatings may help prevent

the dehydration of the seed 112 and/or provide protection from various other adverse effects.

These coatings may include, for example, fungicides, insecticides, biocides, coatings to promote

22 105517102.doc water absorption and retention, or any other agricultural agent that is generally known in the art.

In an embodiment, the agricultural agents may be organic or naturally derived agents that are

environmentally safe and help attain organic product classification. In one embodiment, the

seed may be coated with a fertilizer or a fertilizing agent. One of skill in the art would readily

understand that various types of fertilizers or fertilizing agents may be coated onto the seed and

these types are generally known in the art. In another embodiment, the seed may be coated with

agents (e.g., limestone, talc, clay, cellulose or starch) that help to pellet the seed, which results in

a more uniform seed product.

[0134] Seed depth may be a critical component for optimal seed germination.

Exemplary embodiments simplify this process by providing a seed pod 100 that places the seed

112 at the appropriate depth for consistent seed germination. Thus in one embodiment, the

seed 112 is located at a depth of about 0.125 inches to about 3 inches below the planting surface.

In another embodiment, the seeds 112 are located at a depth of about 0.125 inches to about 3

inches below the top of the seed pod 100. In another embodiment, the seeds 112 are located at

a depth of about 0.125 inches to about 0.750 inches below the top of rooting media 106. As

described above, the flange 116 may provide an aid in proper insertion of the seed pod 100 to an

appropriate depth in the surface.

E. Fertilizers and Nutrients

[0135] It should be appreciated that any type of fertilizer 118 may be used with

exemplary embodiments. It is generally understood that fertilizers, fertilizer compositions,

nutrients, and/or ricronutrients are compositions comprising food for the plant. Common

ingredients within the fertilizer 118 include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (aka NPK) but

the fertilizer is not to be limited by the aforementioned. Other ingredients that may be included

within the fertilizer 118 including anhydrous ammonia, urea, methylene ureas, IBDU,

ammonium nitrate, calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate (aka DAP),

monoammonium phosphate (MAP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), muriate of potash,

23 105517102.doc potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium sulfate, triple superphosphate, or combinations or derivatives thereof. Other secondary nutrients may also be included such as, for example, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, micronutrients such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum. These fertilizers 118 may come from a variety of commercial suppliers. As with other components of the seed pod 100, the fertilizer 118 may be derived from natural or organic sources, such that the products established and/or produced from the seed pods 100 may be designated and/or classified as organic materials.

[0136] The fertilizer or nutrient 118 may also be coated with various coating materials

that affect the release rate of the fertilizer or nutrient. These are typically referred to as

"controlled release" fertilizers. Common types of these include, inter alia, Osmocote. Methods

of making various types of controlled release fertilizers are known in the art such as in US

Patents 3,223,518; 3,576,613; 4,019,890; 4,549,897; and 5,186,732, which are incorporated herein

by reference.

[0137] In another embodiment, the seed pod 100 may additionally include other

biologically active ingredients. These active ingredients may be added to control pests or

diseases and/or promote plant growth. As such, the seed pods 100 may include, in addition to

the fertilizer 118, a biologically active ingredient. These biologically active ingredients may

include cytokines, natural hormones, fungicides, insecticides, pheromones, biostimulants,

acaricides, miticides, nematocides, or combinations thereof. It should be appreciated that the

list of possible cytokines, natural hormones, fungicides, insecticides, pheromones, biostimulants,

acaricides, miticides, nematocides, or combinations thereof recited herein is not exhaustive and

that other compounds generally known in the art may be freely added to the seed pod 100.

[0138] In one embodiment, insecticides may include one or more of the following:

permethrin, bifenthrin, acetamiprid, carbaryl, imidicloprid, acephate, resmethrin, dimethyl

acetylphosphoramidothioate; ethanimidamide, N-{(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl}-N'-cyano-N

methyl-, (E)-(9C)(CA Index name); hydrazinecarboxylic acid, 2-(4-methoxy{1,1'-biphenyl}-3

24 10551710_2.doc

YL)-, 1-methylethyl ester (9C) (CA Index Name); methyl{1,1-biphenyl}-3-YL)methyl 3-(2

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, [1a,3a-(Z)]-(+/-)-2

methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]- 3 -yl) methyl 3-(2chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2

dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate naphthyl-n-methylcarbamate; pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, 4-bromo

2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl); chloro-alpha-(1

methylethyl)benzeneacetic acid, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(1,R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile; benzoic

acid, 4-chloro-, 2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide (9C) (CA Index Name); pyrethrins;

deoxy-2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-13-{{5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro

methyl-2H-pyran-2-YL}oxy}-9-ethyl-2,3,3A,5A,5B,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16A,16B-tetradecahydro

14-methyl-iH-as-indaceno{3,2-D} oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione,(cont'd qual; oxadiazin-4-imine,

3-(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methylytetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-(9Cl) and the like.

[0139] In another embodiment, fungicides for use may include chlorothalonil, triforine,

triticonazole, azoxystrobin, mancozeb, tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; ethoxy-3-(trichloromethyl)

1,2,4-thiadiazole; dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-YL)methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole;

carbamic acid, 2-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-ylyoxyymethylyphenylymethoxy-methyl ester

(CAS name); dimethyl((1,2-phenylene)bis(iminocarbonothioyl))bis(carbamate) and the like.

[0140] In yet another embodiment, plant growth regulators for use may include RS,3RS)-1-(4

chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-YL)pentan-3-OL; cyclohexanecarboxylic acid,

4-(cyclopropylhydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-ethyl ester.

[0141] In still another embodiment, other exemplary biologically active ingredients may

be utilized in the seed pod 100 including 3-indolylacetic acid; abamectine; Acephate; acetamiprid;

alpha-Cypermethrin; auxin; azaconazole; azoxystrobin; beauveria bassiana; Benomyl; beta

Cyfluthrin; bifenthrin; borate; Borax; boric acid; Captan; carbaryl; Chlorothalonil;; Cyfluthrin;

Deltamethrin; Dichlobenil; difenoconazole;; Epoxiconazole; Fipronil; fosetyl-aluminium;

gibbereline; gibberella; Imidacloprid; indoxacarb; iprodion; isofenphos; lambda-Cyhalothrin;

25 10551710_2.doc lindane; malathion; mancozeb; maneb; metalaxyl; metalaxyl-m; metaldehyde; myclobutanil; paclobutrazol; permethrin; picoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin; pyrethrinen; spinosad; streptomycesgriseoviridis; Sulphur; tebuconazole; tefluthrin;; trichoderma harzianum; trifloxystrobin; trinexapac-ethyl; urea herbicides; erticillium dahliae; verticillium lecanii; vinclozolin; hydrogenperoxide; Silverthiosulfate; zineb; zincoxide; and the like. As with other components of the seed pod 100, the fertilizers, nutrients, additives, or biologically active ingredients may be derived from natural or organic sources, such that the products established and/or produced from the seed pods 100 may be designated and/or classified as organic materials.

[0142] According to exemplary embodiments, the fertilizer or nutrient 118 may be

placed within the outer shell 114 at the bottom portion thereof. It should be appreciated that

the fertilizer 118 will provide nutrients to the seed by absorption through the rooting media 106.

Various types of fertilizer 118 can be used at the bottom of the seed pod 100. These may

include controlled release fertilizers, time released fertilizers, water soluble fertilizers, coated

fertilizers, uncoated fertilizers, or no fertilizer. In one embodiment, the fertilizer 118 is molded

or formed prills, loose prills, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the fertilizer 118

may be molded Osmocote@ or loose Osmocote@. In one embodiment, the fertilizer or nutrient

may be coated directly onto the seed.

[0143] In another embodiment, the fertilizer 118 found in the seed pod 100 may be

located at the bottom of the outer shell 114, admixed with the rooting media 106, or

combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the fertilizer 118 may additionally include

secondary nutrients (e.g., sulfur, calcium, or magnesium) and/or micronutrients, which are

conventional and generally known and understood by in the art. In another embodiment, the

fertilizer 118 may be incorporated and intercalated into the outer shell 114 of the seed pod 100.

In yet another embodiment, the fertilizer 118 may be found within the outer shell 114 of the

seed pod 100. In still another embodiment, the fertilizer 118 may be attached to the exterior of

the outer shell 114.

26 10551710_2.doc

[0144] The Osmocote@ is a mixture of NPKs. In one embodiment, the NPK is placed

in the bottom of the seed pod 100. The NPK can be in any ratio. In one embodiment, the

nitrogen of the NPK may be in the range of 1-18, the phosphorus of the NPK may be in the

range of 1-6, while the potassium of the NPK may be in the range of 1-12, or any fractional or

whole number range therein. In another embodiment, the NPK may be in a ratio of 1-1-1, 3-1

2, 1-2-1, 1-3-1, 4-1-2, 2-1-2, 2-1-1, or 18-6-12. In another embodiment, the NPK is in a ratio of

3-1-2. It should be appreciated that other ratios of NPK may be substituted depending on the

nutritional needs of the particular plant being grown. The total amount of fertilizer 118 located

at the bottom of the seed pod 100 can be in the range of approximately 1-5 grams. In one

embodiment the fertilizer 118 is 3 grams of Osmocote 18-6-12. In another embodiment the

supply of fertilizer 118 and/or nutrient 118 present in the seed pod 100 is sufficient for a

duration of approximately 1-100 days. In one embodiment, the amount of fertilizer 118 and/or

nutrient 118 present is sufficient for a period of approximately 30 days.

F. Lids

[0145] During the storage and transport of the seed pod 100, the inner contents of the

seed pod 100 should be protected. This may be accomplished by utilizing a lid or cover 102, as

depicted in Figures 7 and 8, for example. Various embodiments for the lid 102 are possible. For

example, the lid 102 may be a removable lid that the end user removes prior to or after planting

the seed pod 100. In another embodiment, the lid 102 may be a biodegradable lid that may or

may not be removed after planting the seed pod 100 into the planting surface. The lid 102 may

be affixed to the flange 116 of the outer shell 114 by an adhesive. The adhesive may be a natural

or synthetic adhesive. In an embodiment, if the lid 102 is removed from the seed pod 100, the

act of removing the lid 102 may remove all or most of the adhesive material.

[0146] Various materials may be used to make the lid 102. In one embodiment, the lid

102 is a removable or biodegradable lid. The lid 102 may be made of a material such as, but not

27 10551710_2.doc limited to, paper, paper board, fiber based, a biofilm, polymer based, plastic, aluminum, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, starch, parafin based material, or combinations thereof.

[0147] In another embodiment, the lid 102 provides the user with printed instructions

for planting the seed pod 100. In another embodiment, the lid 102 provides a plant

identification marker, such that when the seed pod 100 is planted, it identifies the type of seed

112 planted. In another embodiment, there may be one or more lids 102 present on the seed pod

100.

[0148] In another embodiment, the lid 102 may be comprised of layers 104 which allow

the user to peel back one layer 104A to reveal a second layer 104B containing printed

instructions for planting the seed pod 100 or a plant identification marker, while keeping the

seed pod 100 sealed.

G. Seed Pod Kits

[0149] Figures 27-32 depict exemplary embodiments 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E,

and 120F of a carrying tray 120. The carrying tray 120 provides for appropriate placement of

seed pod 100 by a specified or predetermined distance in the planting surface. According to an

exemplary embodiment, the seed pod 100 may be sold and packaged individually or

conglomerated into a seed pod kit comprising several seed pods of the same or different type

(e.g., comprising different seed types). The kits or packages may comprise a template, tray,

carrying tray or folder that provides, inter alia, appropriate placement of seed pod by distance in

the planting surface. The carrying tray may be made of cardboard or another appropriate

material. Thus, in an embodiment, the carrying tray holding the seed pods is specifically adapted

to hold one or more seed pods 100. The carrying tray may further comprise a handle,

instruction, and/or measuring device or ruler. In an embodiment, the carrying tray may be

placed onto a surface to provide a guide for the placement of the seed pods 100. Exemplary

representations of the carrying tray 120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E, and 120F can be seen in

Figures 27-32. A measuring device or ruler may provide for the proper distance between the

28 10551710_2.doc seed pods 100 that are to be pushed into the surface. This measuring device may be incorporated into the carrying tray.

H. Methods of planting and growing a seed

[0150] Exemplary embodiments envision various methods of utilizing the seed pod 100.

In an embodiment, a method of growing a plant comprising planting the plant growing system

and watering said plant growing system is used. Such a method envisions growing the seed 112

such that the germinated seed may be subsequently transplanted. In another embodiment, a

method of planting includes pushing a plant seed pod 100 into a surface, without the need for

digging a hole, and watering the inserted seed pod 100. In another embodiment, planting the

seed pod 100 requires preparing a surface adapted to receive the seed pod 100.

I. Indoor Growing Unit

[0151] The seed pod may also be paired with an indoor growing unit according to

exemplary embodiments as described above and depicted in Figures 33, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, and

59, for example.

[0152] The indoor growing unit 300 may have a stand 304, a light source 302, a base

plate 308, one or more growing containers 310, one or more cloches or covers 312 to cover the

growing containers 310, one or more pod trays 314 which fit in the growing containers 310, and

a water reservoir 318. The unit is designed to incorporate these elements into a compact design

suitable for placement on a kitchen counter. For example, the system may be placed on a

kitchen counter under upper cabinets so as not to impede the most readily accessible work

surface.

[0153] The indoor growing unit 300 is designed to start plants from a seed indoors, such

as, for example, in a consumer's home. Plants can be started in the unit 300 and later be

transplanted outdoors, or can be grown directly to harvest. For example, plants suitable for

transplant include tomatoes and peppers, and plants that may be grown to harvest include salad

greens and herbs. The unit 300 is designed to function with the seed pods 100 as described

29 105517102.doc above, and also, according to exemplary embodiments, be used with seeds 112, such as plain vegetable seeds, that may also be planted directly into the unit into an appropriate growing media in the growing container 310. The indoor growing unit 300 is configured such that the seed pods 100 as described above can be placed either into a pod tray 314 or seeds 112 can be placed into the growing container 310 directly into appropriate growing media, such as soil, and then using the integrated light source 302 and water reservoir 318 the plant seeds 112 can be germinated and grown. It should be appreciated that the seed pods 100 or seeds 112 can be placed directly into growing media 310.

[0154] The indoor growing unit 300 is designed to be modular and transportable. For

example, the base plate 308 with the water reservoir 318, growing container(s) 310 and pod

tray(s) 314 may be removed from the stand 304 and light unit 302 for transport and/or use. For

example, the base plate 308 may be used outdoors as a self-watering growing unit. Being used

outdoors, the light source 302 may not be required. Additionally, the base plate 308 and/or

growing containers 310, with or without pod trays 314, may be taken outside to adapt seedlings

to temperatures and sunlight in preparation for transplant. Furthermore, this modularity allows

for removal of the base plate 308 or individual growing containers 310 for easier access to plants

for harvest. For example, easier access to plants for harvest, such as lettuces and herbs, may be

provided by this modularity. Each growing container 310 is covered with a cloche or cover 312.

According to exemplary embodiments, the cloche 312 is transparent and provides a way to retain

moisture (e.g., maintain humidity) and heat within the growing container 310 to contribute to a

favorable growth atmosphere for the seeds 112 in the seed pod 100 or directly planted in the

growing container 310.

[0155] The unit 300 has a light unit 302 that is attached to a stand 304 through a post

assembly 306. The light unit 302 may be removably mounted to the post assembly 306. The

post assembly 306 is detachably mated with the stand 304. The stand 304 may have trough 326

which may be used to contain decorative elements or provide added storage space. For example,

30 10551710_2.doc the trough 326 may be filled with rocks or other items, such as, extra pods or harvesting shears.

Alternatively, the stand 304 may lack the trough 326. The trough 326 may be of a closed

construction which precludes the placement of rocks or other items therein. The unit 300 may

be composed primarily of plastic, such as ABS. Alternative embodiments may be composed of

other durable materials, such as metal, or combinations of materials, such as metal and plastic.

[0156] The stand or base 304 of the indoor growing unit includes a base plate 308, a

water reservoir 318, one or more growing containers 310, and one or more pod trays 308 in the

growing containers 310. The growing containers 310 and water reservoir 318 may fit tightly over

the base plate 308 to further minimize light exposure to the water in the base plate 308 to help

prevent algal growth. For example, there may be three growing containers 310. Each growing

container 310 can be configured to contain a number of seed pods 100 using the pod tray 314.

For example, the pod tray 314 may be configured to contain up to six seed pods 100. The

growing containers 310 and pod trays 314 are both removable. A moisture indicator may be

used. The moisture indicator may be placed into one or more seed pods or soil in the growing

container 310 (depending how the unit is configured) to indicate the moisture level which may

provide an indication of the water status of the unit.

[0157] The indoor growing unit 300 may be configured such that assembly requires no

tools and parts are easily snapped together and taken apart. Once transplanting or harvesting has

occurred, the entire system can be disassembled for cleaning. For example, the base plate 308,

the pod trays 314, and the growing containers 310 can be washed and reused for the next

growing cycle to prevent contamination. The parts of the indoor growing unit 300, such as the

base plate 308, the pod trays 314, and the growing containers 310 may be dishwasher safe.

[0158] The indoor growing unit 300 has a base plate 308. The base plate 308, as

depicted in Figure 39, is configured to fit over the inner two projections 324 of the stand 304 as

depicted in Figures 33, which show this integration and Figure 40 shows the stand 304 with the

inner two projections 324. The base plate 308 is configured to accommodate at least one

31 10551710_2.doc growing container 310. According to exemplary embodiments, three growing containers 310 may be used with the base plate 308. Each growing container 310 may have a cover or grow dome 312. As depicted in Figure 36, the cover 312 may be transparent. The cover 312 may be made of plastic or another suitable material. Within each growing container 310, may be a pod tray 314. The pod tray 314 may be configured to hold a plurality of seed pods. For example, each pod tray 314 may hold up to six seed pods 100. The base plate 308 has a water tank or reservoir 318. It should be appreciated that each growing container 310, each cover 312, each pod tray 314, and the water reservoir 318 may be removable from the base plate 308.

[0159] According to exemplary embodiments, the indoor growing unit 300 is designed

to meet plant physiological needs and may have two, T-5 lights in the light unit 302 that provide

the proper light quality and quantity for best plant growth. The lights may be programmable to

run for a particular length of time, without the need for manually turning on/off of the lights.

For example, the lights may run on 16 hour days with a nightly rest period to support plant

photosynthesis and respiration needs. The light hood is adjustable, allowing the light to easily be

moved to the proper distance above the growing portion or plant canopy for optimum growing

conditions.

[0160] The light unit 302 may be movable on the post assembly 306 such that the

vertical height of the light unit 302 may be adjusted. For example, the light unit 302 may be

adjustable using a ratchet type system. Furthermore, the light unit 302 may be movable in other

axes to allow positioning the light unit 302. The light unit 302 has, on its underside, one or more

light sources. The light sources may be light bulbs or tubes as appreciated by one of ordinary

skill in the art. The light unit 302 may accommodate differing types of light sources such as

fluorescent, LED, halogen, and incandescent. Specialized agricultural and/or horticultural lights

may be used. For example, the light unit may have two lights that are grow lights that offer full

spectrum lighting in the appropriate temperature to support plant growth. The two lights may

have a color temperature appropriate for plant growth. For example, the lights may be T5HO

32 10551710_2.doc lights from Sunblaster, Inc.. According to exemplary embodiments, the lights may be 24 watts and and have a color temperature of 6400K. In some embodiments, other types of lights may be used that operate at other wattages and color temperature. For example, 2700K or 10,000K T5 type lights may be used. The lights used in the light unit 302 may be white lights but it should be appreciated that other colors may be used as appropriate.

[0161] The light unit 302 may have one or more reflectors. The reflectors may be made

of plastic and may be lined with a reflective material, such as, for example, a Mylar material. The

reflector may be configured to mimic the curvature of the T-5 bulb, effectively reflecting the

light downward towards the growing containers. For example, the light unit 302 may have two

reflectors, one for each of the two light bulbs. For example, a T5HO nanotech reflector from

Sunblaster, Inc. may be used with each light. It should be appreciated that other types of

reflectors may be used.

[0162] The light unit 302 may be powered through a power source. For example, the light unit

302 may have a power cord (not shown), which may be contained within the stand/ or post

assembly, for plugging into an outlet. The light unit may incorporate a mechanism, such as an

electronic or mechanical timer, for programming the on/off light period automatically.

[0163] The light unit 302 has a hood portion 303 that encloses the lights. The hood

portion 303 may adjustable by tilting the hood 303 up and sliding it up and down along the neck

306. The neck 306 has notches that allow the hood 303 to be secured in place at the desired

height. Alternatively, different adjustment mechanisms may be used. For example, friction pads

may hold the hood 302 at a desired height using gravity. Alternatively, a tightening screw or

knob or series of pegs and holes may serve to secure the light at a desired height.

[0164] The indoor growing unit 300 also has a watering reservoir 318, which provides a

constant water table for moisture wicking from the growing media or seed pods 100. The water

reservoir 318 is contained so as to provide a barrier from and positioned away from the light

source for added safety. The water reservoir 318 is designed to contain a quantity of water that

33 10551710_2.doc is dispensed from the reservoir through a cap (not shown) which covers opening 319. The cap may have a spring loaded outlet or valve that is actuated when the reservoir is placed into the base. The water is dispensed directly into the base plate. The reservoir 318 is configured such that water flows from the reservoir 318 to maintain a particular depth of water in the base of the indoor growing unit. For example, the water depth may be maintained at 2 inch. This water level allows moisture to be drawn up as the growing media or seed pod needs it, helping solve consumer issues of over or under watering. The reservoir 318 also allows consumers to spend less time watering and have a greater amount of time in between watering. The water reservoir

318 is removable from the unit 300 and can be refilled by a user and then replaced in the unit,

rather than requiring the consumer to move the entire unit or bring water to the unit to refill the

water reservoir 318. To refill the water reservoir 318, water is filled through the cap, which is

removable, and then water can be filled into the opening 319. The water reservoir 318 is further

designed to not leak or spill once filled and water will only exit the reservoir once placed into the

growing unit and the cap is actuated. The water reservoir 318 may be opaque (such as shown for

example in Figure 50 (water reservoir 2119) or its material may contain an additive to block or

otherwise minimize light from reaching the water, thereby helping to prevent algal growth. The

water reservoir 318 may be transparent as shown, for example, in Figure 49 (water reservoir

2118). The water reservoir 318 may incorporate a visual water level indicator to allow visual

inspection of the reservoir's water level. For example, a visual inspection port or strip may be

used, a gauge may be used, or the water reservoir may be partially or completely transparent.

[0165] The water reservoir 318 may have an opening or inlet 319 (see Figure 41, for

example). A cap (not shown) may be used to close this opening 319 and provide flow control

for water exhaust from the reservoir. The cap may have a spring loaded valve to allow for

exhaust of water from the reservoir 318 into the base plate 308. The spring loaded valve may

provide flow metering for water exhaust. The spring loaded valve may be actuated through

34 105517102.doc contact with a circular protrusion 332 on the base plate 308. The cap may attach to the water reservoir 318 through a threaded connection as shown in the figures.

[0166] The indoor growing unit is designed to be modular and have a particular number

of growing containers 310. For example, the indoor growing unit may have up to three growing

containers 310. It should be appreciated that other numbers of growing containers 310 are

possible. These growing containers 310 may be alternatively referred to as grow trays. Each

growing container 310 may contain a pod tray 314. This modularity provides flexibility for

different growing configurations. For example, one growing container 310 could be utilized to

start transplants using a pod tray 314 while the other two growing containers 310 could be used

to grow herbs to harvest in growing media, using seed pods, or seeds. The growing containers

310 are dimensionally deep enough to provide enough growing media for healthy root growth

and development and growing space is optimized for growing plants either to harvest or

transport. The growing containers 310 are rectangular with hollow pedestals 322. According to

exemplary embodiments, each growing container 310 may have six hollow pedestals 322 with

holes in their bottom portion that allow water to enter the pedestal. Through these holes, water

is allowed to directly contact with the seed pod or growing media. Through this contact, a

wicking action may be established to allow for the water to provide moisture to the seed pod or

the growing media supporting plant germination and growth. It should be appreciated that each

of the six hollow pedestals 322 may be covered by a permeable or semi-permeable mesh to

prevent growing media from exiting through the opening but still allow water to wick from the

base plate 308 to the growing media in the growing container 310.

[0167] To support transplant growing, the pod tray 314 may be used, which simplifies

the transplant experience. This pod tray 314 is designed to receive and hold plurality of seed

pods. For example, each tray may hold up to six seed pods. The pod tray 314 suspends the seed

pods without growing media in the growing container 310 and allows the tips of the pods to

touch the water that is located at the bottom of the growing container 310 through the hole in

35 105517102.doc the bottom portion of the pedestal feet 322 as described above. The pod tray 314 is supported in the growing container 310 by a flange 336 with is configured to rest on an inner lip 338 of the growing container 310. The pod tray 314 is thus suspended at a predetermined height for proper exposure of the tips of the seed pods to water by way of resting on the inner lip 338 surrounding the inside perimeter of the growing container 310. Further, the openings in the bottom of the pod tray allow proper water uptake and root growth while the tray itself maintains the seed pod shape. The seed pods can be easily pushed out of the pod tray from these holes in the bottom to release the seed pod for transplant in another container or garden.

[0168] To support growing to harvest, the growing container 310 may be used without

the pod tray 314 and is filled with a growing media. The growing media fills growing container

310 and the growing media is in communication with the water in the base plate 308 through the

holes in the bottom of each of the pedestals. Seed pods may be planted directly into growing

media. Alternatively, seeds could also be planted in the growing container 310 directly into the

growing media.

[0169] Each growing container 310 has a cover or cloche 312. The cover 312 is

designed to trap heat and moisture in the growing container 310 because having a warm and

moist environment can increase the speed of germination. The cover 312 has several vents along

the side and top, which allow for removal of excess heat and moisture.

[0170] The base plate 308 may have a series of raised projections 328. These raised

projections 328 support the underside of the growing container 310 to provide for proper

placement of each growing container and may serve to support the bottom surface of the

growing containers, suspending the growing containers at the optimum height for interaction of

the soil or seed pod tips with the water contained in the base plate 308.

[0171] Alternatively, the raised projections 328 may mate with the pedestals 322 of each

growing container 310 to provide for proper placement and to secure the growing container 310.

The base plate 308 may have also have raised portions 330 which accommodate the inner

36 10551710_2.doc projections 324 of the stand 304. The base plate 308 has a circular protrusion 332 which is configured to actuate the valve in the cap of the water reservoir as described above.

[0172] It should be appreciated that the unit may be portable and can be moved without

disassembly. Alternatively, the base plate 308, with any growing containers 310 and the water

reservoir 318 can be moved. For example, the base plate 308 and its contents may be moved to

an exterior location where the stand and light unit are not required.

[0173] It should further be appreciated the positioning and structure of the various

components is exemplary. Changes in structure, size, shape, and positioning may be possible. In

some embodiments, the indoor growing unit 300 may lack the reservoir 318, the pod tray 314,

and the cover 312. In these embodiments, for example, water may be added directly to the base

unit 308.

[0174] For example, Figure 42 depicts an indoor unit 1800 according to exemplary

embodiments, with differing structure from the unit 300, such as, for example, having a water

reservoir 1818 being located at the rear of the unit. This and other differences may be

appreciated from Figure 42 also. Unit 1800 is also shown lacking covers 312 (although such

covers could be included). Figure 43 depicts another exemplary embodiment 1900 with a

transparent water reservoir 1918 located at the rear of the unit. It should be appreciated that, as

described above, the water reservoir 318 may be transparent. Unit 1900 is also shown lacking

covers 312 (although such covers could be included). Figure 44 depicts another exemplary

embodiment 2000, that has similar parts to the other embodiments. Figures 45-54 depict

another exemplary embodiment 2100 that uses a capillary mat structure to provide wicking of

water between the base unit and the seed pods. Figures 59-62 depict yet another exemplary

embodiment that lacks a separate water tank and has a divider structure for support of the seed

pods in the growing containers.

[0175] It should be appreciated however that the various embodiments of the indoor

growing unit depicted herein may also include the various features described above with respect

37 105517102.doc to the indoor unit 300 to the extent that such features are not described below. The descriptions of the various embodiments of the indoor growing units may focus on the differences and other features for each embodiment. For example, each of the various indoor growing unit embodiments may include the lights and associated reflectors as described above. In some embodiments, the features may be modified or structurally different but perform the same or similar functions to those described above for the indoor unit 300. For example, a different type of light and/or reflector may be used or a different type of watering system may be used.

[0176] Figure 42 depicts an indoor growing unit 1800 according to exemplary

embodiments. The unit 1800 has a light unit 1802 that is attached to a stand 1804 through a

post assembly 1806. The light unit 1802 may be removably mounted to the post assembly 1806.

The post assembly 1806 is detachably mated with the stand 1804. The stand 1804 may have

trough 1805 which may be used to contain decorative elements or provide added storage space.

For example, the trough 1805 may be filled with rocks or other items, such as, extra pods or

harvesting shears. Alternatively, the stand 1804 may lack the trough 1805.

[0177] The indoor growing unit 1800 has a base plate 1808. The base plate 1808 is

configured to accommodate at least one growing container 1810. According to exemplary

embodiments, three growing containers 1810 may be used with the base plate 1808. Each

growing container 1810 may have a cover or grow dome (not shown). Within each growing

container 1810 may be a pod tray. The pod tray may be configured to hold a plurality of seed

pods as described above. For example, each pod tray may hold up to six seed pods. The base

plate 1808 has a water tank or reservoir 1818. It should be appreciated that each growing

container 1810, each cover, each pod tray, and the water reservoir 1818 may be removable from

the base plate 1808.

[0178] The water reservoir 1818 may have a water level indicator (not shown). The

water level indicator indicates the water level in the water reservoir. The water level indicator

38 10551710_2.doc may be transparent or opaque. This indicator may be a float type indicator. It should be appreciated that other water level indicators may be used.

[0179] In Figures 43-44 depict additional exemplary embodiments of the indoor unit as

described above, such as indoor unit 1900 and 2000. These indoor units have similar features to

those of indoor unit 1800, with similar structures labeled with similar reference numbers having a

"19" or "20" prefix instead of "18."

[0180] Figures 45-54 depict an indoor unit 2100. The indoor unit 2100 is depicted with

a capillary mat 2122 secured by a securing bar 2124 in place in the bottom of the growing

container 2110. This capillary mat 2122 and securing bar 2124 may be present in each growing

container 2110 or in a subset of the growing containers. The capillary mat 2122 may be made of

a material capable of absorbing and wicking water. The capillary mat 2122 may be reusable for

multiple growing sessions or uses of the unit 2100. The capillary mat 2122 may have a certain

lifespan after which it requires replacement. The capillary mat 2122 may be of a rectangular

shape that is configured to be indented or folded down a central portion. This fold allows for

the securing bar 2124 to be placed within the fold to secure and press down the capillary mat

into the growing container 2110. The growing container 2110 may have a slot or other opening

in its base to allow the capillary mat 2122 with the securing bar 2124 to extend through the

growing container's base. In this manner, the capillary mat 2122 may be placed in contact with

the water present in the base 2108. Through this contact, water may be wicked or otherwise

caused to migrate from the base 2108, through the capillary mat 2122 to either the growing

media in which the seed pods or seed is planted in the growing container 2110 or to the seed

pod tray 314. The seed pod tray 2114 may rest upon the capillary mat 2122 when it is present in

the growing container 2110. A seed pod 100 that is present in the seed pod tray 2114 may then

have access to the water through this contact. The seed pod sits within the seed pod tray 2114

and its bottom portion may allow this contact. The unit 2100 may have water reservoir 2118.

The water reservoir 2118 may be transparent. In some embodiments, the water reservoir 2119

39 10551710_2.doc may be opaque as shown in Figure 50. The water reservoir may have an opening 2121. The opening 2121 may contain a cap or valve (not shown). The cap or valve may be removed to facilitate filling of the reservoir. The cap or valve may be a one-way flow device to allow water to exit the opening 2121. The water reservoir 2118 or 2119 may have a visual indicator 2120 to visually show the water level in the reservoir. The visual indicator 2120 may be a float type indicator. It should be appreciated that other types of indicators may be used.

[0181] Figure 51 depicts a cross-section view of a growing container 2110 and a pod tray

2114. A capillary mat 2122 is shown along with a securing bar 2124. The opening or slot 2126 is

shown through which the capillary mat 2122 and the securing bar 2124 extend into the base

2108. An opening 2128 at the base of the pod tray 2114 is in contact with the capillary mat

2124. A seed pod (not shown) may be placed in the pod tray. The bottom portion of the seed

pod cone would extend into the opening 2128 and contact the capillary mat 2124, according to

some embodiments. Figure 52 provides another view of the components depicted in Figure 51.

The capillary mat 2122 is shown in an unfolded state 2122'.

[0182] Figures 49 and 50 depict a further embodiment for use with the growing tray

2110. A seed pod 100 (in cross section with only the outer shell 114 shown) is in the pod tray

2114. As depicted in Figure 51, its bottom cone portion extends into the opening 2128. A

bridge 2132 is located in the opening 2128 between the cone tip and the capillary mat 2122. The

bridge 2132 facilitates water wicking from the capillary mat 2122 to the seed pod 2130. The

bridge 2132 may be made of a suitable material to facilitate the water wicking. The water may

wick through the bridge 2132 to the seed pod 2130. The bridge 2132 may have an open center

portion as depicted in Figure 53 or the bridge 2132 may be a closed structure. As depicted in

Figure 53, multiple bridges 2132 may be used under each opening 2128 of the pod tray 2114.

[0183] Figures 59 through 62 depict an indoor growing unit 2200 according to exemplary

embodiments. The unit 2200 has a light unit 2202 that is attached to a stand 2204 through a

post assembly 2206. The light unit 2202 may be removably mounted to the post assembly 2206.

40 10551710_2.doc

The post assembly 2206 is detachably mated with the stand 2204. The stand 2204 may be

enclosed and lack any trough structure.

[0184] The indoor growing unit 2200 has a base plate 2208. The base plate 2208 may be

detachably mated with the stand 2204. The base plate 2208 is configured to accommodate at

least one growing container 2210. According to exemplary embodiments, three growing

containers 2210 may be used with the base plate 2208 as shown. Within each growing container

2210 may be structure to accommodate a plurality of seed pods 2216. For example, up to six

seed pods may be accommodated in each growing container. The seed pod 2216 may be any of

the embodiments of a seed pod as described above. For example, the seed pod 2216 may be the

seed pod 100 as described over. Each growing container 2210 may be removable from the base

plate 2208.

[0185] Within each growing container 2210 may be a number of elements to hold the

seed pods. The structure may include a top portion 2212 and a pod divider 2214. The pod

divider 2214 may provide support for the top portion 2212 and serve as a separator for each

seed pod 2216. In Figure 60, it should be appreciated that only the outer shell portion of the

seed pod 2216 is depicted. The top portion 2212 may be removed and the seed pods placed into

the pod divider 2214. According to exemplary embodiments, growing media, such as, but not

limited to soil, may be added to the interior volume of the growing container 2210 upon removal

of the top cover 2212 prior to the seed pods 2216 be placed. Once the growing media has been

filled in, one or more seed pods 2216 may be inserted into the growing media. The pod divider

2214 may serve to provide a separator for the seed pods 2216 to provide for proper spacing and

placement of each seed pod 2216. The growing media may provide support for each seed pod

2216. The top cover 2212 may be replaced following insertion of the seed pods. The top cover

2212 may serve to protect the seed pods and prevent foreign objects or material from entering

the growing container 2210.

41 10551710_2.doc

[0186] In some embodiments the top portion 2212 may have openings 2228 through

which each seed pod 2216 may be inserted without removing the top portion 2212. In other

embodiments, the growing media may be filled through these openings.

[0187] The top portion 2212 may have two halves 2220A and 2220B as depicted in

Figure 61. The two halves may be divided along a section 2222. The top portion 2212 may be

perforated to allow for penetration of moisture and air through its upper surface, for example.

The top portion 2212 may be made of a suitable material. For example, the top portion 2212

may be made of plastic. The two halves 2220A and 2220B may allow for removal of the top

cover 2212 once any plants have germinated and grown and need to be removed from the

growing container 2210. The halves may allow such removal without damage or disturbing of

any plants growing.

[0188] The growing container 2210 may have a bottom structure as depicted in Figure 38, for

example. Thus, the bottom structure of the growing container 2210 may have hollow pedestals

322. Each growing container 2210 may have six hollow pedestals 322 with holes in their bottom

portion that allow water to enter the pedestal. Through these holes, water is allowed to directly

contact with the seed pod or growing media. Through this contact, a wicking action may be

established to allow for the water to provide moisture to the seed pod or the growing media

supporting plant germination and growth. According to exemplary embodiments, as described

above, the growing container 2210 may be filled with growing media, such as, but not limited to,

soil. The growing media may fill the volume of the growing container 2210 including each of the

hollow pedestals 322. Water, in the interior volume 2209 of the base unit 2208 may then be

wicked into the growing container and eventually into contact with each seed pod 2216.

[0189] The indoor growing unit 2200 may lack a separate water reservoir. The water need for

growth of the seed pods may be provided from the interior volume 2209 of the base unit 2208.

For example, water may be added to the interior volume 2209 directly. The water may be added

through scalloped portion 2224. There may be two scalloped portions 2224 according to

42 10551710_2.doc exemplar embodiments. Two raised projections 2226 may serve as water level indicators to provide a visual reference regarding the water level in the interior volume 2209. As depicted in

Figure 62, for example, the raised projection 2226 can be seen from exterior of the unit 2200

when the growing containers 2210 are in place.

[0190] In some embodiments, water may be added through one or more an openings

2228 through the top cover 2212. The water may then flow down and excess may accumulate in

the interior volume 2209. The water level in the interior volume may be observed as indicated

above.

[0191] A moisture indicator may be used. The moisture indicator may be placed into

one or more seed pods 2216 or soil in the growing container 2210 (depending how the unit is

configured) to indicate the moisture level which may provide an indication of the water status of

the unit 2200.

[0192] The following examples are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments in

any way.

EXAMPLES

A. Example 1

[0193] Previous experimentation found that the large, thin-walled spikes made of

composted and molded cow manure can successfully grow vegetable plants to maturation and

harvest. In this experiment, the inventors determined that various plant species can also

successfully grow in the triangular acorn shaped seed pods described and depicted herein. The

inventors also determined that the thicker walled triangular acorn shaped seed pod improved the

ability of the pod to be pushed into the planting surface.

B. Example 2

[0194] In this experiment, the inventors determined that dried compressed cow manure,

peat moss, and sugar cane were useful as the outer shell. Lima beans and zucchini were

43 105517102.doc successfully grown in each of these materials and these outer shells were easily penetrated by plant roots.

C. Example 3

[0195] Previous experimentation showed that the sugar cane shaped seed pod worked

well for zucchini squash when filled with coir and fertilized with a controlled release fertilizer

(e.g., Osmocote®). In this experiment, the inventors evaluated the growth of corn, tomato and

green in variable planting depths (e.g., fertilizer beneath the seed, fertilizer in bottom of cone,

and fertilizer adjacent to seed), in a loose medium such as coir.

[0196] The inventors determined that the placement of formed Osmocote@ did not

impact tomato plant growth and development. In beans, having the formed Osmocote@ in the

bottom of the cone was more advantageous in time to germination. Towards the end of the

trial, all treatments were similar in their plant size and mass.

[0197] Corn was variable in performance. Over time, the formed Osmocote@ beneath

seed, formed Osmocote@ in bottom of cone, and formed Osmocote@ adjacent to seed

performed similarly in plant size and mass.

[0198] In sum, including a formed Osmocote@ in a cone matrix successfully delivered

proper nutrition to vegetable plants. Placement in the bottom of cone demonstrated faster time

to germination.

D. Example 4

[0199] This experiment investigated variable planting depths in a loose medium such as

coir. Corn, tomato and green bean seeds were planted at four depths, including 14 inch, 1.5

inches, 3 inches, and the recommended seeding depth from the seed supplier.

[0200] Differences were seen for the first few days after germination with beans and

corn, but treatments soon tapered and were statistically the same for the rest of the trial.

Tomato treatments were the same for the entire duration of the trial. Depths of 2-3 inches was

44 105517102.doc not detrimental to seedling growth and development and gives more flexibility in seed placement. This study demonstrated that a universal seeding depth may be used with vegetable species.

E. Example 5

[0201] This experiment investigated the use of shredded coir or a Q-Plug (from

IHORT) as the rooting media for the interior of the triangular acorn shaped seed pod.

[0202] Germination was statistically equivalent for all treatments and in all species. Only

a single lettuce treatment showed no germination. All other treatments for all species germinated,

with an average of at least 58%. Differences in plant quality were evident throughout the trial,

with added Osmocote@ treatments greatly outperforming the non-fertilized treatments.

F. Example 6

[0203] This experiment investigated how compressed cow manure cone and the rooting

media within will interact to pull water for the benefit of a germinating seed and the depth at

which the exterior growing media provides adequate moisture. The cones were evaluated in an

open tray format utilizing three depths of exterior growing media outside the cones. The rooting

media in the cones was either loose coir or a molded plug having external ribs and formed to fit

within the cone and comprising shredded coconut coir pith and bark fines. Only bottom

watering was done utilizing the features of the Misco Pot with exterior water ports and interior

portals for the soil to engage the water for wicking purposes.

1. Materials and Methods

[0204] As depicted in Figure 57, three Misco pots measuring 6 inches x 24 inches x 5

inches deep were filled at various depths with shredded coir. The bottoms of the cones are 0.25,

1.25 and 2.25 inches above the portals in the bottom of the Misco pot. Two types of seed were

seeded into each cone; three basil on the left side of the cone and three yellow zucchini squash

seeds on the right side - both at 4 inch deep. As a control, the same seed types were planted

directly into the coir base, in the absence of a seed pod, at the same depth and distance apart as

45 105517102.doc that dictated by the cone dimensions. At planting, prepared cones were arranged in a straight line through the middle of the Misco pot. Each Misco pot housed three cones, which were formed of composted and molded cow manure. Three of these cones were filled with loose coir and three with molded plugs. These three cones of each substrate represent three replicates. Direct seeded seeds were planted in the voids around the cones but at least one inch away from the cone so any wicking by the cone would not influence the adjacent direct-sown seeds. After the cones were seeded and planted into the shredded coir in the Misco pots, wherein the finished pots will be bottom watered only. No top watering was done in this trial. Pots were monitored daily to be sure water level was maintained especially as the coir base was being wetted out.

Germination and development of seedlings were monitored throughout the trial. In particular,

seedlings, run in triplicate, were counted as they emerge and the number counted was divided by

3 to obtain the percent germination. This rating was taken periodically through the first several

weeks of the trial in order to monitor speed of germination as a result of the varying moisture

conditions.

[0205] As seedlings emerge they were counted. The number counted was divided by 3

to obtain % Germination. This rating was taken periodically through the first several weeks of

the trial in order to monitor speed of germination as a result of the varying moisture conditions.

[0206] Figures 55 and 56 depict the germination of basil in seed pods comprising either

loose coir or a molded plug at various planting depths according to exemplary embodiments.

[0207] Table 1 below provides a description of the various planting schemes used in this

experiment.

TABLE 1

PLANTING REGIME CONE SUBSTRATE

46 10551710_2.doc

Shallow Misco Pot Loose Shredded Coir

1 Three-Inch Soil Depth with Cone 0.25 inch from water source

Shallow Misco Pot Molded Plug

2 Three-Inch Soil Depth with Cone 0.25 inch from water source

Shallow Misco Pot

3 Three-Inch Soil Depth with No Cone - Direct Seed into Coir Base Seeds Planted at 0.25 inches from the Surface

Mid-Depth Misco Pot Loose Shredded Coir 4 Four-Inch Soil Depth with Cone 1.25 inch from water source

Mid-Depth Misco Pot Molded Plug

Four -Inch Soil Depth with Cone 1.25 inch from water source

Mid-Depth Misco Pot

6 Four-Inch Soil Depth with Seeds No Cone -Direct Seed into Coir Base Planted at 0.25 inches from the Surface

Deep Misco Pot Loose Shredded Coir 7 Five-Inch Soil Depth with Cone 2.25 inch from water source

Deep Misco Pot Molded Plug 8 Five -Inch Soil Depth with Cone 2.25 inch from water source

Deep Misco Pot 9 Five-Inch Soil Depth with Seeds No Cone Direct Seed into Coir Base Planted at 0.25 inches from the Surface

[0208] The data from these nine treatments was subjected to analysis of variance

(ANOVA) using ARM version 8.0 (Gylling Data Management). If treatment probability is

significant, means were separated using Student Newman-Keuls at P -0.05.

47 10551710_2.doc

2. Results

[0209] In the shallow planted Misco Pots, the coir matrix soil was a total of 3.0 inches

deep with the bottom of the cone elevated at 0.25 inches above the level of the water. It was

observed that the surface of the coir matrix continuously had a wet appearance attesting to its

wicking capability at that 3.0 inch depth. The exposed rims of the cones were noticeably wetter

as well (see Figure 57).

[0210] The coir matrix effectively wicked moisture through its 3.0 inch profile and

provided ample moisture at 7 days after seeding (DAS) for seed germination in both versions of

the cone (loose coir filled and molded plug-filled) and for the direct-sown seed. This pattern

held true for both species at all three rating dates (see Figure 55 and 56).

[0211] In the mid-depth Misco pot the coir matrix was 4.0 inches deep with the bottom

of the cone elevated 1.25 inches above the level of the water. Unlike the surface of 3.0 inch deep

coir matrix, the 4.0 inch depth did not appear wet at the surface. However, the exposed rims of

the cone showed that most of the cones were adequately moistened due to wicking (see Figure

57).

[0212] At 7 DAS the molded plug cone was the only setting where basil plants received

adequate moisture for germination. No basil seeds germinated in the Coir-filled cone or the

direct seed. At 13 and 20 days basil seed germination occurred in the Coir-filled cone but not in

the direct seed setting (see Figure 55).

[0213] Squash was similar to basil in its response except that both versions of the cone

provided ample moisture for the germination of the squash seed beginning at the early 7 day

timeframe. Direct-sown squash did not germinate (see Figure 56). This illustrated the

effectiveness of the cone for moving moisture against gravity for successful germination of these

two species which could not germinate using conventional direct-sow seeding methods. In this

case moisture was moved 3.75 inches - from the portal to the seed.

48 105517102.doc

[0214] In the deep-depth Misco pot the coir matrix was 5.0 inches deep with the bottom

of the cone elevated 2.25 inches above the level of the water. At this depth there was no visible

moisture at the surface of the coir matrix (see Figure 57). Most all cones wetted well based on

the appearance of the exposed rims (as in the mid-depth Misco pot one of the three Coir-filled

cones did not wick water and so no seeds germinated).

[0215] As with the mid-depth Misco Pot most all basil and squash germinated as long as

they were housed in the cone setting (see Figures 56 and 57). Direct-sown seed did not receive

adequate moisture for germination. In this case, adequate moisture was pulled 4.75 inches to the

seed through the benefit of the cone and the loose coir and/or molded plug materials within.

F. Example 7

[0216] A variety of other herbs and vegetables were tested utilizing similar methodology

presented above. In this example, the nutrient blends were tested for germination, overall

growth, root rating, and dry weight of the products produced. The nutrient blends of NPK

tested were NPK-0.0075-0.0032-0.015 (i.e., Fl) and NPK-0.0045-0.0025-0.013 (i.e., F2). These

plants include basil, cilantro, thyme, dill, bush beans, snap peas, spinach, lettuce (loose leaf,

butterhead, and romaine), watermelon, cucumber, summer squash, pumpkin, sweet pepper,

tomato (globe and cherry). The tables, below, provide a summary of seed pods utilizing F1 and

F2 NPK levels in the seed pods as compared to seeds planted directly into the native soil. The

seed pods' outer shell was a compressed cow manure cone and the rooting media was a molded

plug comprising shredded coconut coir pith and bark fines and F1 or F2 NPK. The tables

below summarize the results for the various seeds in percent germination (Table 2), overall

growth (Table 3), root rating (Table 4), and dry weight (Table 5).

Table 2- Percent Germination

Seed Pod Seed Pod Seed Pod Seed Pod Direct Direct (Fl) at 7 (Fl) at 19 (F2) at 7 (F2) at 19 planting planting days days days days 7 days 19 days

49 10551710_2.doc

Basil 66 75 91.7 91.7 8.3 41.7

Cilantro 83.33" 91.7 91.67# 100 91.67# 91.7

Thyme 16.7 25 41.7 58.3 0 25

Dill 58.3# 83.3 75# 75 58.3# 83.3

Bush beans 91.7 91.7 83.3 91.7 83.3 100

Snap peas 83.3 100 100 100 58.3 58.3

Spinach 16.7 66.7 50 91.7 41.7 58.3

Looseleaf 58.3# 58.3 50# 50 91.7# 91.7 lettuce Butterhead 58.3 66.7 58.3 66.7 75 83.3 lettuce Romaine 33.3 83.3 50 100 91.7 91.7 lettuce Watermelon 0 100 16.7 100 0 75

Cucumber 100 100^ 100 100^ 91.7 100^

Summer 75 91.7^ 83.3 100^ 75 83.3 Squash Pumpkin 50 58.3 50 66.7^ 58.3 75^

Sweet 16.7# 83.3 8.3# 75 0# 83.3 Pepper Cherry 50 91.7 66.7 100 91.7 91.7 tomato Globe 25 66.7 25 75 100 100 tomato #= 10 days ^ 12 days

50 10551710_2.doc

Table 3 - Overall Growth (mm) at 4 weeks

Seed Pod (Fl) Seed Pod (Fl) Direct planting

Basil 40.8 43.5 17.6

Cilantro 62.5 61.3 48.8

Thyme 21.9 23.5 18.3

Dill 71.7 71.7 50

Bush beans 182.1 200.4 170.4

Snap peas 159.4 176.3 148.2

Spinach 107.92 88.33 125.9

Loose leaf lettuce 84.83 82.08 59.17

Butterhead lettuce 28.42 40.08 30.42

Romaine lettuce 21.6 24.1 27.5

Watermelon 75.83 71.08 49.17

Cucumber 110 114.6 94.2

Summer Squash 195 194.8 189.6

Pumpkin 165 170.4 173.8

Sweet Pepper 41.8 42.6 42.8

Cherry tomato 103.8 103.8 93.3

Globe tomato 48.3 45.5 40.6

Table 4 - Root Rating (scale of 0-5) at 6 weeks

Seed Pod (Fl) Seed Pod (Fl) Direct planting

51 10551710_2.doc

Basil 3.8 3.8 1.3

Cilantro 3.5 3.5 3.3

Thyme 0.8 1.5 1

Dill 3 3.5 2.3

Bush beans 4.8 4.8 4.5

Snap peas 3.8 4.5 3

Spinach 4 3.5 3

Loose leaf lettuce 3.5 3.8 2.8

Butterhead lettuce 1.8 2.5 2

Romaine lettuce 1.5 1.8 1.3

Watermelon 2.3 2.3 1.8

Cucumber 3.5 3.3 3.3

Summer Squash 3.5 3.8 3

Pumpkin 3.5 3.5 4

Sweet Pepper 1.3 1.5 1.5

Cherry tomato 4 4 3.5

Globe tomato 2 2 1.8

Table 5 - Dry Weight (grams) at 6 weeks

Seed Pod (Fl) Seed Pod (Fl) Direct planting

Basil 0.34 0.43 0.1

Cilantro 0.44 0.46 0.33

52 10551710_2.doc

Thyme 0.048 0.085 0.052

Dill 0.218 0.233 0.165

Bush beans 2.25 2.17 2.21

Snap peas 1.568 1.863 1.365

Spinach 0.838 0.689 0.826

Loose leaf lettuce 0.613 0.680 0.595

Butterheadlettuce 0.035 0.1 0.085

Romainelettuce 0.068 0.075 0.093

Watermelon 0.620 0.550 0.255

Cucumber 1.143 1.215 0.925

SummerSquash 2.810 2.680 2.533

Pumpkin 2.318 2.130 2.5

SweetPepper 0.165 0.150 0.105

Cherrytomato 1.820 2.070 1.348

Globetomato 0.105 0.125 0.095

1. Basil

[0217] Basil grown in the seed pods produced better emergence at 7 days after seeding

when compared to direct seeding into amended native soil. This was likely due to difficulties of

the basil seedling emerging through the clay-like soil with a high bulk density and a tendency of

surface crusting after watering. Germination at 19 days showed no statistical differences between

treatments. Dry weight, growth indices and root ratings at 6 weeks showed significantly more

growth with the plants grown in the Seed Pod compared to directly sown seed. In this study the

seed pods provided basil a germination advantage as well as an overall growth, dry weight

accumulation, and root growth advantage for basil compared to directly sown seed.

2. Cilantro

53 10551710_2.doc

[0218] Cilantro seed performed similarly when grown from the Seed Pods or when

direct seeded. Percent germination at 7 and 19 days was not statistically different among

treatments. Final dry weights and root ratings were also not statistically different. However,

growth indices showed that cilantro grown in Seed Pods was significantly larger than plants that

were directly seeded. Overall, cilantro growth was comparable when grown from seed in the

Seed Pods or directly seeded into native soil.

3. Thyme

[0219] Thyme responded similarly to the three treatments. Germination at 7 and 19 days

was not statistically different among treatments. Dry weight, root ratings, and growth indices

were also not statistically different among treatments. Thyme germination, growth and

development was comparable when grown in the Seed Pods or when directly sown into native

soil.

4. Dill

[0220] Dill seed germination was statistically similar for the three treatments at both 10

and 19 days after sowing. Even though overall growth of dill in the Seed Pods was significantly

greater than direct-seeded into native soil, the dry weights of the three treatments two weeks

later (at the end of the trial) were not significantly different. Seed Pods tended to have better

root ratings than the direct-seed treatment. In summary, the performance of dill in the Seed Pods

showed tendencies of improved growth and development when compared to direct seed.

5. Bush Bean

[0221] Bean seeds grown in Seed Pods or directly seeded had comparable germination

rates at 7 and 19 days. Growth indices taken at 4 weeks showed the F-2 Seed Pod produced a

significantly larger plant than the direct seeded control. The F-I Seed Pod was no different than

the control. However, by 6 weeks dry weights and root ratings showed no significant difference

among the three treatments. Overall, beans grown in Seed Pods or in native soil have similar

germination, dry weight production, and root growth.

54 105517102.doc

6. Snap Pea

[0222] There was a tendency for pea seeds in the Seed Pods to germinate better than

seeds sown directly into native soil. The Seed Pod with F-2 fertilizer produced pea plants with

significantly greater dry weight accumulation than Seed Pod with F-I fertilizer or directly sown

seeds. Overall growth measured at 4 weeks and 6 week root ratings were statistically similar for

all treatments. In summary pea seed germination tended to be better in Seed Pods but the

subsequent vegetative growth and root growth were quite similar for each of the three

treatments.

7. Spinach

[0223] Spinach plants had similar germination at 7 and 19 days for all treatments.

Growth indices taken at 4 weeks showed that spinach plants grown from direct seed in soil

tended to have greater growth than those grown in Seed Pods. However, by 6 weeks dry weights

and root ratings indicated there were no significant differences among the three treatments.

Overall, spinach performed similarly when grown in Seed Pods or when directly seeded into

native soil.

8. Lettuce

[0224] Several varieties of lettuce were tested in these studies, including loose leaf

lettuce, butterhead lettuce, and romaine lettuce. All three cultivars of lettuce grown from the

Seed Pods had statistically similar germination rate at 7 and 19 days as those planted directly into

native soil. At four weeks, overall growth of lettuce plants for each variety was similar for each

treatment. At six weeks, the dry weight for loose leaf and romaine lettuce showed that the three

treatments were not statistically different from one another however, dry weights of butterhead

lettuce showed that native soil and Seed Pods with F2 level of nutrition had significantly more

growth than plants grown in Seed Pods with Fl. Root ratings of loose leaf lettuce, butterhead

lettuce, and romaine lettuce showed no statistical differences among treatments. In summary, all

three lettuces grown from seed in the Seed Pod performed similarly as lettuce grown in native

55 105517102.doc soil. One parameter, butterhead lettuce dry weight, showed that the F-I Seed Pod was inferior to the F-2 Seed Pod and the native soil control. However, all other butterhead lettuce ratings showed no statistical differences among the three treatments.

9. Watermelon

[0225] Watermelon performed similarly in both Seed Pods and when seeded directly

into the native soil. The rate of germination was statistically similar for all treatments at 7 and 19

days. The dry weight, root ratings, and overall growth were not statistically different among

treatments. Overall, watermelon seed can be started from either Seed Pods or directly sown to

obtain the same rate of germination and plant growth for 6 weeks after seeding.

10. Cucumber

[0226] Cucumber performed similarly in both Seed Pods and when seeded directly into

the native soil. The rate of germination was similar for all treatments at 7 and 12 days. The dry

weight, root ratings, and overall growth were not statistically different among the three

treatments. Overall, the success of growing cucumber in Seed Pods or direct seed is very

similar.

11. Summer Squash (Zucchini)

[0227] Zucchini performed similarly in both Seed Pods and when grown in a direct-seed

setting. The rate of germination was similar for all treatments at 7 and 12 days. The dry weight,

root ratings, and overall growth were not statistically different among treatments. Overall,

zucchini can be grown from seed equally well using the Seed Pods or when directly sown in

native soil.

12. Pumpkin

[0228] Pumpkin performed similarly in both Seed Pods and when directly seeded into

native soil. The rate of germination was similar for all treatments at 7 and 12 days. The dry

weight, root ratings, and overall growth were not statistically different among treatments.

56 105517102.doc

Overall, pumpkin can be grown equally well from seed using Seed Pods or when direct sown

into native soil.

13. Sweet Pepper

[0229] Sweet Pepper performed similarly in both Seed Pods and when seeded directly

into native soil. The rate of germination was similar for all treatments at 10 and 19 days. The dry

Overall, sweet pepper performs equally well when seed is planted using the Seed Pod system or

when directly seeded into native soil.

14. Tomato

[0230] Two types of tomatoes (Cherry and Globe) were evaluated in this set of trials.

Cherry tomato had statistically similar germination rates for all three treatments at both 7 and 19

days. Globe tomatoes that were direct seeded into native soil had better germination than Seed

Pods at 7 days after seeding but by 19 days there was no statistical difference among treatments.

The delay of germination of Globe tomatoes in Seed Pods could not be explained. At 4 weeks

the overall growth of both Cherry and Globe tomato plants in the Seed Pods was not

significantly different than directly sown plants. However, at 6 weeks Cherry tomato plants in

the Seed Pods had significantly more dry weight accumulation than directly seeded into the soil.

This was likely due to the added nutrition in the growing media of the Seed Pods. Interestingly

this nutritional advantage was not expressed in the Globe tomato plants. The root ratings for

both tomato cultivars indicted no differences among the treatments. Overall, Cherry and Globe

tomatoes performed similarly when grown from Seed Pods or when directly seeded.

[0231] While the foregoing description includes details and specific examples, it is to be

understood that these have been included for purposes of explanation only, and are not to be

interpreted as limitations of the preferred embodiments. It will be appreciated that variations

and modifications may be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from

the scope of the preferred embodiments. Furthermore, one of ordinary skill in the art will

57 105517102.doc recognize that such processes and systems do not need to be restricted to the specific embodiments described herein. Other embodiments, combinations of the present embodiments, and uses and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. The specification and examples should be considered exemplary.

G. Example 8

[0232] Experiments to determine whether the contents of the rooting media and/or

techniques in fabricating the rooting media affected the germination rates of a variety of seed

types were conducted. Seed pods were tested by altering the type of rooting media with (1) only

coconut coir pith, (2) coconut coir pith and bark fines, (3) the coconut coir pith and peat moss

held in place by x-tack and subjected to heat drying, or (4) seeds were placed directly into the

planting surface (i.e., no seed pod) (see table below):

TREATMENTS

Seed placed into seed pods filled with 100% coconut coir pith + 3.0 grams Osmocote 18-6-12 1

100% coir

Seed placed into seed pods filled with 50% coconut coir 2 pith and 50% bark fines + 3.0 grams Osmocote 18-6-12

58 10551710_2.doc

Seed placed into seed pods filled with 50% coir and 50% 3 bark fines including x-tack and heat drying + 3.0 grams Osmocote 18-6-12

4 Seed directly placed into Professional Growing Media

[0233] The manufacturing process of the plug may require the use of a special adhesive

call X-tack and requires drying the seed pod in a dryer at high temperatures to remove moisture.

Seed pods were seeded with two to three seeds (depending on the seed type and size). Each seed

was placed at a depth of 0.25 inches below the surface of the planting area (measured from the

top of the seed). As a control the same number of seeds will be seeded directly into the planting

area without the use of a seed pod. All seed pods and seeds were planted in Fafard 3B

professional potting mix (i.e., soil) and placed into 4" plastic pots filled with the soil so that the

rim of the pod is level with the surface of the soil. Finished pots were watered to settle the soil

and establish the moisture level for seed germination. Observations were noted as seeds

germinate and grow. The experiment terminated at the end of the germination period, which is

approximately 3 to 4 weeks after initiation. The following species of vegetables/herbs were

tested: Basil Genovese (Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese'), Cilantro (Conandrum sativum 'Santo), Dill

(Anethum graveolens 'Fernlea),Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgas'Jade), Snap Pea (Pisum sativum 'Sugar

Bon), Spinach (Spinacia oleracea 'Baker), Looseleaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Lola Rosa), Butterhead

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'Buffer Crunch), Romaine Lettuce (Lactuca sativa 'WinterDensity), Watermelon

(Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 'SugarBabjy, Cucumber (Cucumis sativus 'Tasty Green), Zucchini Squash

(Cucurbita pepo 'Fiesta), Yellow Zucchini Squash (Cucurbitapepo 'Star Dust), Pumpkin (Cucurbita

pepo 'Spartan),Sweet Pepper (Capsica annuum 'Red Bull), Cherry Tomato (Solanumycopersicum 'Sweet

Million), Globe Tomato (Solanumjycopersicum 'RedPide).

[0234] Following the 3 to 4 week experimentation period, the germination rates for

planted species were compared. The results of the experiments are provided in Figure 58. Seed

pods comprising only coconut coir pith germinated at a rate that was similar to seeds placed

59 10551710_2.doc directly into the soil. Depending on the seed type, seed pods comprising only coconut coir pith performed similar to or better than seed pods comprised of both coconut coir pith and bark fines, with or without X-tack and heat process. Lettuce cultivars had a better initial rate of germination in the coconut coir pith seed pods compared to coconut coir pith and bark fines, with or without the X-tack and heat process.

H. Example 9

[0235] In-field trials were conducted using the seed pods at five locations worldwide,

including Ohio, Oregon, Florida, France, and England. The primary goal of this trial was to

determine the viability of various seed types / cultivars of garden vegetables and herbs in the

seed pod system. Germination and early growth were the primary parameters evaluated in this

trial. The success of the seed pods were based on comparing the seed pod germination rates to

the germination rate of directly planting the seeds into native soil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0236] Trials were conducted in 4.0 foot wide garden rows and marked off in 4.0 foot

segments, where each segment is the equivalent of one replicate. Each replicate was sub-divided

into four 2 foot x 2 foot squares - each accommodating one of the four treatments (according to

the plot plan in the Addendum). Each species will occupy a total of 16 linear feet of the garden

row. For all 18 seed types a total of 288 linear feet of garden row will be needed.

[0237] Prior to planting, the garden rows (at Marysville only) were topped with 3.0

inches of Miracle Gro Flower and Vegetable Garden Soil per garden soil directions and tilled to

a depth of 6 inches using a tractor-mounted rotor-tiller or similar implement. Seed pods and

60 10551710_2.doc seed were planted in the center of their 2 foot x 2 foot plots. Seed pods were planted according to labeled instructions, such that they were pressed into the soil up to the flange. The direct-seed control treatments were planted directly into the prepared soil. Large-seeded species were planted at 0.75 inches deep and small-seeded species will be at 0.25 inches deep. Table 6 below provides a species list to determine large-seeded and small-seeded species.

Table 6 Small-seeded: Large Seeded 1. Basil, (Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese 1. Bush Bean, Phaseolusvulgaris'Jade' Compact') 2. Cilantro, Coriandrumsativum'Santo' 2. Snap Pea, Pisum sativum'SugarBon' 3. Thyme, Thjmus spp.'German Winter' 3. Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 'Sugar Baby' 4. Dill, Anethumgraveolens 'Fernleaf' 4. Cucumber, Cucumis sativus'Tasty Green' 5. Spinach, Spinacia oleracea 'Emu' 5. Summer Squash Cucurbitapepo 'Fiesta' 6. Leaf Lettuce, Lactuca sativa 'Lola Rossa' 6. Summer Squash Cucurbita pepo Yellow zucchini 'Sunbeam' 7.Butterhead Lettuce, Lactuca sativa 7. Pumpkin, Cucurbitapepo'Spartan' 'Buttercrunch' 8. Romaine, Lactuca sativa 'WinterDensity'

9. Sweet Pepper, Capsicaannuum'Red Bull'

10. Cherry Tomato, Solanumycopersicum 'Sweet Million'

11. Globe Tomato Solanumycopersicum 'Red Pride'

[0238] After planting and fertilizing, the plots were watered until the area appeared

thoroughly wetted - as a homeowner would and applied to all plots as equally as possibly. Water

was applied on a daily basis. At 30 days, additional fertilizer was applied to treatments 2 and 4

(see Table 7 below), using a shaker jar to the 1 square foot area of soil surrounding the seedling

and lightly raked into the soil. Treatments were monitored for germination beginning at 4 days

after planting. The dates of emergence and the number of seeds germinated in each plot were

recorded.

61 10551710_2.doc

TABLE 7 MG SHAKE LB N / 1000 FERT. RATE APPLICATION TREATMENT 'N FEED SQ.FT. PER 1.0 TECHNIQUE FERTILIZER SQ.FT. PLOT TIMING

1 Direct Seed - No Fertilizer N/A 0.0 N/A N/A

2 Seed Pod N/A 0.0 N/A N/A

RESULTS

[0239] Results were recorded as a percentage of seeds that germinated vs. the number of

seeds planted (i.e. if only one of three seeds germinated, that site had 33% germination). The

controls (i.e., seeds planted directly into the soil) were seeded at the same depth and spacing as

the seed pods. In several instances the seed pod had Percent Germination greater than 100%.

This is because: 1) Some small-seeded seeds pods were manufactured with more than the

specified number of 3 seeds, or 2) Some species such as cilantro and dill sometimes appear to

have 2 seedlings emerging from the same seed. It will also be noticed that germination

occasionally decreased over time. Seedlings can die or be eaten and when 'blind' ratings are

conducted and this would not be noticed until the data are analyzed. The results from each

location are summarized below.

62 10551710_2.doc

Ohio Results:

Table 8 Percent Germination Failed Seeding per 8 Crop Seed Method 3 DAS 5 DAS 6 DAS 8 DAS 12 DAS 14 DAS 16 DAS 19 DAS 21 DAS Sites Direct Seed 41.8 45.9 58.4 66.8 66.8 66.8 Basil _Seed Pod 91.8 91.8 91.8 91.8 91.8 91.8 0 Direct Seed 33.3 70.9 79.3 83.6 87.7 83.6 0 Cilantro Seed Pod 54.3 87.7 91.8 91.8 95.9 95.9 0 24.9 24.9 24.9 33.3 24.9 24.9 3 Dill Direct Seed Seed Pod 41.8 50.2 70.9 70.9 58.3 58.3 0 Direct Seed 41.6 37.4 37.3 37.3 37.3 37.3 1 Spinach Seed Pod 91.8 91.8* 91.8* 91.8* 91.8* 91.8* 0 Direct Seed 66.8* 75.2* 75.2* 75.2 79.3 83.4 87.6 0 Leaf Lettuce Seed Pod 42 4.2 8.3 41.7 95.9 95.9 95.9 0 Butterhead Direct Seed 54.2 58.3 58.3 62.6 66.8 62.6 62.6 62.6 0 Lettuce Seed Pod 54.2 62.6 62.6 79.3 95.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Romaine Direct Seed 8.3 12.4 12.4 29.3 70.9 70.8 66.8 70.9 0 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.4 95.9 95.9 95.9 0 Direct Seed 0.0 54.2 62.7 62.6 70.9 70.9 0 Sweet Pepper Seed Pod 16.6 70.9 83.6 91.8 95.9 95.9 0 Direct Seed 33.3 75.2 87.7 87.7 87.7 83.4 0 Cherry Tomato Seed Pod 8.3 33.4 71.1 75.3 75.3 83.6 - 0 Direct Seed 16.7 50.1 79.3 83.4 83.4 83.4 0 GlobeTomato Seed Pod 8.3 45.8 87.6 87.6 87.6 79.2 0 0.0 81.3 87.5 87.5 75.0 75.0 43.8 43.8 43.8 4 Bush Bean Direct Seed Seed Pod 18.8 87.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 43.8 68.8 75.0 75.0 75.0 2 Snap Pea Seed Pod 68.8 93.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 56.3 75.0 75.0 87.5 87.5 81.3 1 Watermelon Seed Pod 81.3 87.5 87.5 93.8 93.8 93.8 0 Direct Seed 56.3 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 0 Cucumber Seed Pod 75.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 . . Direct Seed 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Gi__uu__hi_ Seed Pod 31.3 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 93.8 0 Yellow Direct Seed 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Zucchini Seed Pod 12.5 87.5 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Pumpkin Seed Pod 18.8 93.8 93.8 100.0 0

*Significantly Improved Germination

63 105517102.doc

Oregon Results:

Table 9

Percent Germination Failed Seeding per 8 Crop Seed Method 6 DAS 8 DAS 11 DAS 13 DAS 15 DAS 18 DAS 20 DAS 22 DAS Sites Direct Seed 0.0 5.0 71.7 38.3 46.7 50.0 55.0 1 Basil _Seed Pod 13.3 51.7 83.3* 83.3 83.3 83.3 83.3 0 Direct Seed 71.7 160.0 168.3 168.3 168.3 168.3 0 Cilantro Seed Pod 71.7 151.7 155.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 0 55.0 85.0 96.7 96.7 96.7 96.7 0 Dill Direct Seed Seed Pod 66.7 101.7 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 0 Direct Seed 5.0 16.7 93.3 93.3 93.3 85.0 80.0 46.7 2 Spinach Seed Pod 50.0 83.3* 88.3 88.3 85.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 0 Direct Seed 16.7 46.7 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 0 LeafLettuc Seed Pod 46.7 76.7 93.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 0 Butterhead Direct Seed 46.7 83.3 83.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 0 Lettuce Seed Pod 38.3 58.3 76.7 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Romaine Direct Seed 13.3 68.3 71.7 76.7 76.7 76.7 76.7 0 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 0.0 18.3 50.0 71.7 0 SweetPeppe Seed Pod 38.3 55.0 88.3 91.7 0 Direct Seed 25.0 93.3 93.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Chery TomatG Seed Pod 96.7* 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3 0 Direct Seed 46.7 80.0 88.3 88.3 88.3 88.3 0 GlobeTomato Seed Pod 38.3 60.0 63.3 63.3 63.3 63.3 0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 Bush Bean Direct Seed Seed Pod 77.5 95.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 0 Direct Seed 45 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 SnapPea Seed Pod 25 57.5 90.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 7.5 50.0 90.0 102.5 107.5 107.5 0 Watermelon Seed Pod 27.5 82.5 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 57.5 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 1 Cucumber Seed Pod 65.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 107.5 107.5 0 . . Direct Seed 25.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Gi___u__i_ Seed Pod 50.0 90.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 Yellow Direct Seed 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Zucchini Seed Pod 27.5 70.0 90.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 . Direct Seed 32.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Pumpkin Seed Pod 7.5 37.5 57.5 65.0 70.0 77.5 77.5 1

*Significantly Improved Germination

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Florida Results:

Table 10

Percent Germination Failed Seeding per 8 Crop Seed Method 5 DAS 7 DAS 10 DAS 13 DAS Sites 71.1 76.7 68.3 68.3 0 Basil Direct Seed Seed Pod 96.7 101.7 96.7 96.7 0 Direct Seed 0.0 0.0 26.7 30.0 3 Cilantro Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 21.7 16.7 6 Direct Seed 0.0 0.0 18.3 13.3 6 Dill Dill Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 Direct Seed 35.0 46.7 35.0 38.3 2 Spinach Seed Pod 38.3 46.7 50.0 46.7 2 Direct Seed 63.3* 68.3* 71.7* 68.3* 0 Leaf ettuc Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 Butterhead Direct Seed 30.0 46.7 50.0 46.7 1 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 Romaine Direct Seed 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 8 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 Direct Seed 0.0 5.0 88.3 88.3 0 SweetPepper Seed Pod 0.0 0.0 66.7 91.7 0 Direct Seed 0.0 51.7 55.0 55.0 1 CheryToat Seed Pod 0.0 41.7 63.3 68.3 1 Direct Seed 0.0 80.0 80.0 71.7 0 GlobeTomato Seed Pod 0.0 80.0 80.0 75.0 1 Direct Seed 65.0 65.0 65.0 70.0 2 Bush Bean Seed Pod 70.0 87.5 82.5 77.5 1 Direct Seed 45.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 0 SnapPea Seed Pod 25.0 77.5 82.5 82.5 0 Direct Seed 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Watermelon Seed Pod 65.0 70.0 82.5 82.5 1 Direct Seed 100.0 100.0 95.0 95.0 0 Seed Pod 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Green ucchin Seed Pod 75.0 75.0 70.0 70.0 1 Yellow Direct Seed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Zucchini Seed Pod 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 in Direct Seed Pumpk Seed Pod 87.5 95.0 100.0 100.0 0

*Significantly Improved Germination

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France Results:

Table 11

Percent Germination Failed Seeding per 8 Crop Seed Method 6 DAS 10DAS 13 DAS 17 DAS 20 DAS Sites Direct Seed 26.27 30.0 33.3 38.3 38.3 2 Basil _Seed Pod 63.3 63.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 0 Direct Seed 0.0 58.3 126.7 105.0 71.7 1 Cilantro Seed Pod 0.0 121.7 163.3 130.0 96.7 0 0.0 16.7 46.7 46.7 41.7 2 Dill Direct Seed Seed Pod 0.0 80.0 121.7 105.0 93.3 0 Direct Seed 26.7 30.0 18.3 18.3 21.7 4 Spinach Seed Pod 96.7 100.0 96.7* 100.0* 100.0* 0 Direct Seed 26.7 38.3 51.7 43.3 41.7 2 Leafettuc Seed Pod 26.7 101.7 135.0 116.7 96.7 0 Butterhead Direct Seed 41.7 80.0 80.0 75.0 600 2 Lettuce Seed Pod 80.0 101.7 101.7 96.7 88.3 0 Romaine Direct Seed 13.3 38.3 35.0 30.0 25.0 4 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 66.7 93.3* 96.7* 96.7* 0 Direct Seed 0.0 0.0 18.3 30.0 35.0 4 SweetPepper Seed Pod 0.0 5.0 63.3 96.7* 96.7* 0 Direct Seed 46.7 68.3 71.7 75.0 80.0 0 CherryTomatc Seed Pod 43.3 66.7 76.7 80.0 75.0 0 Direct Seed 5.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 21.7 4 GlobeTomato Seed Pod 21.7 66.7 76.7 76.7 76.7 0 75.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 65.0 1 Bush Bean Direct Seed Seed Pod 82.5 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 0 Direct Seed 25.0 65.0 77.5 82.5 77.5 1 SnapPea Seed Pod 70.0 87.5 87.5 87.5 95.0 0 Direct Seed 65.0 75.0 82.5 75.0 75.0 0 Watermelon Seed Pod 65.0 75.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 0 Direct Seed 77.5 87.5 82.5 82.5 82.5 1 Cucumber Seed Pod 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 Green Zucchin Direct Seed 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 0 Greenu__i__ Seed Pod 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Yellow Direct Seed 57.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 77.5 1 Zucchini Seed Pod 95.0 100.0 95.0 100.0 95.0 0 . Direct Seed 70.0 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 0 Pumpkin Seed Pod 77.5 77.5 95.0 95.0 100.0 0

*Significantly Improved Germination

England Results:

Table 12

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Percent Germination Failed Seeding per 4 Crop Seed Method 5 DAS 7 DAS 10 DAS 12 DAS 18 DAS Sites Direct Seed 0.0 0.0 4 Basil Seed Pod 83.3* 93.3* 0 Direct Seed 16.7 43.3 83.3 0 Cilantro Seed Pod 50.0 93.3 93.3 0 Direct Seed 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 Dill Seed Pod 50.0* 66.7* 66.7* 0 Direct Seed 10.0 10.0 60.0 83.3 83.3 0 Spinach Seed Pod 26.7 93.3* 100.0* 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 0.0 60.0 50.0 66.7 33.3 0 Leaf Lettuce Seed Pod 16.7 50.0 433 100.0 100.0* 0 Butterhead Direct Seed 10.0 10.0 16.7 26.7 26.7 2 Lettuce Seed Pod 16.7 7 .7 767 83.3 76.7* 1 Romaine Direct Seed 16.7 26.7 50.0 66.7 26.7 0 Lettuce Seed Pod 0.0 26.7 100 100.0 93.3 0 Direct Seed 10.0 3 Sweet Pepper Seed Pod 43.3 2 Direct Seed 0.0 26.7 66.7 0 Cherry Tomato Seed Pod 16.7 1100* 110.0 0 Direct Seed 0.0 10.0 26.7 2 GlobeTomato Seed Pod 10.0 433 16.7 1 Direct Seed 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 Bush Bean Seed Pod 90.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 90.0 90.0 90.0 0 Snap Pea Seed Pod 90.0 100.0 100.0 0 Direct Seed 15.0 0.0 0.0 4 Watermelon Seed Pod .0 25.0 115.0* 0 Direct Seed 65.0 65.0 65.0 1 Cucumber Seed Pod 100.0 100.0 75.0 0 Green Zucchini Direct Seed 50.0 50.0 65.0 1 SSeed Pod 90.0 100.0 100.0 0 Yellow Direct Seed 65.0 65.0 75.0 1 Zucchini Seed Pod 90.0 100.0 100.0 0 . Direct Seed 50.0 75.00 75.00 0 Pumpkin Seed Pod 50.0 90.00 100.0 0

*Significantly Improved Germination

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CONCLUSION

[0240] The results from the five locations provided great insight despite the variable

climatic conditions of seed pods testing. In general, seeds planted in seed pods performed as

well or better than directly planting the seed. When temperatures cooled in Ohio, the seeds

germinated fine and even tended to surpass directly planted seeds, which indicates a possible

effect of temperature on lettuce seed pods. Previous research has shown that no large

temperature difference occurs within seed pods when compared to native Ohio soil at various

times during the day. No other species really showed this anomaly.

[0241] The term 'comprising' as used in this specification and claims means 'consisting

at least in part of. When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which include

the term 'comprising', other features besides the features prefaced by this term in each statement

can also be present. Related terms such as 'comprise' and 'comprised' are to be interpreted in

similar manner.

[0242] In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications,

other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of

providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated

otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such

documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the

common general knowledge in the art.

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Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. Aplantgrowing system comprising a biodegradable outer shell, a rooting media,a

fertilizer or nutrient, seeds, and a removable lid, wherein:

said outer shell comprises a molded material, a formed material, a composted material, a

shaped material, or combinations thereof;

said rooting media comprises soil, coir, vermiculite, compost, perlite, bark fines, peat,

wood shavings, mulch, or combinations thereof;

said rooting media further comprises dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes for

positioning, housing, or receiving seeds; and

said rooting media is covered by a biodegradable plug, a biodegradable lid, a water

permeable adhesive, coir, coir dust, vermiculite, compost, perlite bark fines, peat, wood shavings,

mulch or combinations thereof, overlaying or filling said dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said outer shell is a molded and/or formed manure, peat

moss, sugar cane fiber material, or combinations thereof.

3. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said outer shell and/or said

rooting material is in the form of a cone, an acorn, a triangular acorn, a flower pot, or spike.

4. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer shell comprises a

reinforced apex aiding penetration into a surface.

5. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said outer shell further

comprises a flange disposed at the top of said outer shell.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said flange extends along top of the entire periphery of

said outer shell.

7. The system of claim 5 or 6, wherein said flange is adapted to act as a guide for proper

planting depth.

8. The system of any one of claims 5-7, wherein said flange includes a surface area for

attachment of the removable lid.

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9. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said outer shell has a thickness in

the range of about 0.025-0.25 inches (0.635-6.35 mm).

10. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said removable lid comprises

biodegradable materialss.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the biodegradable material(s) of the removable lid

comprise paper, paper board, fiber based material, biofilms, polymer based films, a starched

based material, or combinations thereof.

12. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said rooting media is adapted to

fully or partially fill the inner space defined by the outer shell.

13. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said rooting media is a formed

or molded material.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein said biodegradable plug comprises coir, coir dust,

vermiculite, compost, perlite bark fines, peat, wood shavings, mulch, a modified cornstarch plug,

a cookie meal plug, or combinations thereof.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein said dibble includes a biodegradable plug and seed,

wherein said biodegradable plug is held in place by friction, adhesives, or other mechanical

means.

16. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said biodegradable lid to cover

the dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes comprises a cornstarch-based lid, a polyvinyl alcohol

based lid, a polyvinyl acetate based lid, or combinations thereof.

17. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said water permeable adhesive

comprises guar gum, pine tar, starch-based, molasses, rubber emulsions, vegetable oil, gelatin,

seed flour-based, polyvinyl alcohol, wax, or combinations thereof.

18. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said biodegradable lid to cover

the dibbles, recesses, concavities, or holes comprises coir dust, non-compressed coir, or screened

coconut coir pith.

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19. The system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a polyvinyl acetate

based adhesive admixed with coir dust.

20. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein said rooting media comprises

slits for placing seeds.

21. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formed or molded rooting

media comprises external ribbing.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the external ribbing on the rooting media is adapted to

permit the migration of water, to frictionally engage the outer shell, or combinations thereof.

23. The system of claim 21 or 22, wherein the external ribbing is adapted to permit the

migration of water to the bottom of the outer shell.

24. The system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a water reservoir

located beneath a truncated and formed rooting media.

25. The system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising controlled release

nutrient.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the controlled release nutrient is formed of control

release fertilizer prills or loose pills.

27. The system of claim 25, wherein said controlled release nutrient is time released fertilizer,

water soluble fertilizer, coated fertilizer, or uncoated fertilizer.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein said controlled release nutrient comprises a N-P-K ratio

of1-1-1, 3-1-2,1-2-1,1-3-1,4-1-2,2-1-2, or2-1-1.

29. The system of any one of claims 25-28, wherein said controlled release nutrient is located

throughout, within the rooting media, beneath the rooting media, at the bottom of the outer

shell, or combinations thereof.

30. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein I or more seeds are located

within the rooting media.

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31. The system of any one of the preceding claims, where said seeds are located at a depth of

about 0.125 inches (3.175 mm) to about 3 inches (76.2 mm) below the top of the planting

system.

32. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rooting media further

comprises a water absorbing polymer.

33. A tray comprising one or more of the plant growing systems of any one of the preceding

claims.

34. The tray of claim 33 comprising one or more holes to carry said plant growing system.

35. A method of growing a garden comprising planting the plant growing system of any one

of the preceding claims and watering said plant growing system.

36. A method of planting a seed comprising pushing the planting system according to any

one of the preceding claims into a surface, and watering said plant growing system, wherein the

planting system is pushed into a prepared surface, into a surface adapted for receiving the

planting system, or into an unprepared surface.

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