AU2015268590A1 - Viscoelastic surfactant as drift control agent in pesticide formulations - Google Patents

Abstract

VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT AS DRIFT CONTROL AGENT IN PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS Dual function viscoelastic surfactants (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, are capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum as a way to reduce the drifting of the small drops to unintended targets while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide.

Description

Viscoelastic surfactant as drift control agent in pesticide formulations Field of the Invention 5 The present invention relates to a dual function viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, is capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum as a way to reduce the drifting of the small drops to unintended targets while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide. 10 Background of the Invention The drift of spray from pesticide applications can expose people, wildlife, and the environment to pesticide residues that can cause health and environmental effects and property damage. 15 Various alternatives have been proposed in an attempt to reduce the amount of drifting of small droplets during spraying of an aqueous pesticide solution. For example, high molecular weight water soluble polymers such as a guar gum, xanthan gum, polyacrylamide and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been used as drift control agents in the agricultural 20 application. It has been generally accepted that polymers which give optimum spray drift control are either non-ionic (e.g., acrylamide homopolymer) or have relatively low anionic content (e.g. 5 to 30 wt. %) and also have relatively high intrinsic viscosity, for instance above 6 dl/g. Guar gum is the most widely used drift control agent in the current world market. Unfortunately, these polymers have various drawbacks. Their solutions tend to show irreversible lose of their utility 25 due to the fact that high molecular weight polymers undergo mechanical degradation of the polymer chain. In addition, typically it takes a long time for the high molecular weight polymers to evenly disperse or dissolve in aqueous liquids which may lead to many large and undissolved particles that could plug the spraying nozzle. In addition, the polymer drift control agents perform only one task - to control drift of small droplets during spraying. 30 Spray pattern plays an important role in small droplets drifting, When water is sprayed, many small liquid droplets form a mist which easily drifts away with wind. When an aqueous 1 spraying solution containing a guar gum is sprayed, the sprayed pattern is modified so that the number of small droplets is much reduced. Reduction of the number of small droplets increases the size of the droplets when the spray volume remains the same. In fact, the size increase in a typical spraying solution containing guar gum as the drift control agent is often too much so that 5 there are a lot of coarse droplets which tend to bounce off the plant leave and be wasted. Over the years, researchers have found out that the optimum spray pattern has a droplet size distribution between 100 - 400 m. There is a need to develop a surfactant based drift control agent capable of reducing the 10 drifting of the small spraying drops as well as enhancing the efficacy of the pesticide without excessive large number of coarse droplets during spraying. Various surfactants are well known to enhance pesticide efficacy by modifying the surface tension of water leading to increased wetting, penetration, and absorption on the surfaces of targeted species. 15 U.S. Patent No. 4,770,814 disclosed an anti-misting agent using a VES pair consisting of alkyl trimethyl quaternary surfactant and a organic acid as its counterion and a organic salt with the same ion. Example 1 (sample #2) in the document disclosed a herbicide composition containing 99.4% demonized water, 0.23% cetyltrimethylammonium salicylate, 0.27 sodium salicylate, and 0.1% 2,4-D acid herbicide. This composition was shown to reduce the number of 20 small-sized droplets relative to the sample containing only water. Summary of the Invention The present invention relates to a dual function viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, is capable of producing a spray pattern between the 25 patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum. The VES are nitrogen containing surfactants known as alkoxylated alkyl quaternary surfactant, alkyl amine oxide including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl betaine including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) quaternary surfactant 30 including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) 2 oxide surfactant including its alkoxylated derivatives, and alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) betaine surfactant including its alkoxylated derivatives. Detailed Description of the Invention 5 The present invention generally relates to a composition and method for imparting shear stable anti-drifting properties to aqueous pesticidal formulations through the use of one or more VES. More specifically, the present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one nitrogen based VES in a pesticide formulation where the VES is capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and spraying an aqueous pesticide 10 solution containing guar gum with reduced number of small-sized droplets and coarse droplets size while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide. The following classes of nitrogen containing VES are useful as drift control agents in pesticide formulations according to the invention. 15 (A) (AO)n H R-(AO)m N+ - Z X (AO)b H 20 where R is C12 to C22 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; AO is C1-C3 alkylene oxide; m = 0 - 3; n = 1 - 3; b = 1 - 3; Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), C 1

-C

4 alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, oxygen, or CH 2 COO; X is an suitable anion (N bears a positive charge in this case) or nothing when Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), a oxygen or CH 2 COO; 25 (B) 0 V Y // / / R-C -NH -(B - N-)p B - N -Z X_ D E 3 where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; V, D, Y, Z, and E independently is nothing (or a pair of electrons), H (hydrogen), Cl -C4 alkyl, or a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units with the provisos that (1) V and D can not be both nothing at the same time and (2) the selection of Y, Z, and E 5 only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary; X is a suitable anion(s). (C) O W' V' Y' // / / / R-C-N-(B-N-)pB-N-Z' D' E' where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 10 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; W is H, CH 2 COO, or CH 2

CH

2 OH; V', Y', Z', D', E' independently is nothing (or a pair electron), H (hydrogen), C1 -C4 alkyl, a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units, 0 (oxygen), CH 2 COO, CH 2 COO M+ or CH 2

CH

2 COOM* where M is H, Na, K, Li, NH4, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropylamine, dimethyamine, or dimethylamidopropylamine (DMAPA) with the provisos that (1) the structure contains at least 15 one amideoxide, betaine, or iminopropinate group, (2) V' and D' can not be nothing at the same time, and (3) the selection of Y', Z', and E' only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary. The compositions of the invention can be prepared in the manner known to the skilled 20 artisan, including but not limited to in-can and tank mix and application of the final formulation may be pre- or post-emergence. Post-emergence application results in particular advantages. The VES drift control agent of the present invention can be added directly to a spray tank along with other ingredients. When used as a tank side additive, an effective amount of the drift 25 control agent comprising at least one VES of the present invention is generally represented by weight concentrations of from 0.001% to 5.0%, in another embodiment from 0.01% to 1,0%. Likewise, when the VES of the present invention is used in a pesticide formulation (in-can), it is present at weight concentrations that will deliver from about 0.00 1% to 5.0% to the final use dilution, in another embodiment from about 0.01% to 1.0%, of the final use dilution. 4 Suitable herbicides include acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, amitrole, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, benazolin, benfluralin, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, bifenox, binalafos, bispyribac-sodium, 5 bromacil, bromoxynil, butachlor, butroxidim, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chloridazon, Chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorobromuron, chlorotoluron, chlorsulfuron, cinidon-ethyl, cinosulfuron, clethodim, Clomazone, Clopyralid, Cloransulam-methyl, Clorsulfuron, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Cyclosulfamuron, Cycloxydim, Dalapon, Desmedipham, Dicamba, Dichlobenil, Dichlormid, Diclosulam, Diflufenican, Dimefuron, Dimepipeate, Dimethachlor, Dimethenamid, 10 Diquat, Diuron, Esprocarb, Ethalfluralin, Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethofumesate, Ethoxysulfuron, Fentrazamide, Flazasulfuron, Florasulam, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet, Flumetsulam, Flumioxazin, Fluometuron, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl, Flurochloridone, Fluroxypyr, Flurtamone, Fomesafen, Foramsulfuron, Glufosinate, Hexazinone, Imazamethabenz-m, Imazamox, mazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Imazosulfuron, Jodosulfuron, Joxynil, 15 Isoproturon, Isoxaben, Isoxaflutole, Lactofen, Lenacil, Linuron, Mefenacet, Mesosulfuron Methyl, Mesotrione, Metamitron, Metazachlor, Methabenzthiazuron, Metobromuron, Metolachlor, Metosulam, Metoxuron, Metribuzin, Metsulfuron-methyl, Molinate, MSMA, Napropamide, Nicosulfuron, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Oxasulfuron, Oxyfluorfen, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Phenmedipham, Picloram, Pretilachlor, Profoxydim, 20 Prometryn, Propanil, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propyzamide, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Pyrazosulfuron, Pyridate, Pyrithiobac, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Rimsulfuron, Sethoxydim, Simazine, S-Metolachlor, Sulcotrione, Sulfentrazone, Sulfosulfuron, Tebuthiuron, Tepraloxydim, Terbuthylazine, Terbutryn, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thiobencarb, Tralkoxydim, Tri-allate, Triasulfuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Triclopyr, Trifloxysulfuron, Trifluralin, 25 Triflusulfuron-methyl, Tritosulfuron, and mixtures and combinations thereof Preferred herbicides are Acetochlor, Atrazine, Dicamba, Glufosinate, Paraquat, and mixtures and combinations thereof. More preferred herbicides are glyphosate, Atrazine, Dicamba, and Glufosinate and mixtures and combinations thereof The most preferred herbicides are salts of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium. When the herbicide is an acid, it can be used in the acid 30 form, though it is preferred that the herbicide be in the salt form selected from at least one of the group of an amine, lithium, sodium, ammonium or potassium. It shall be pointed out that when a 5 pesticide appears in the text as a general name without specifying the counterions, it means both its acid form and salt form through out the specification. Another embodiment of the present invention is a fungicide formulation having improved 5 drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. Examples of suitable fungicides are: Acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, amisulbrom, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, benthiavalicarb, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, chloroneb, 10 chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, copper, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, dinocap, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, edifenphos, enestrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, 15 fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-Al, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine, hexaconazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, iprovalicarb, 20 isoprothiolane, isotianil, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, material of biological, mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, mineral oils, organic oils, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofirace, origin, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, pefurazoate, penconazole, 25 pencycuron, penthiopyrad, phophorous acid and, picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, potassium bicarbonate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, quintozene (PCNB), salts, silthiofam, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulphur, tebuconazole, teclofthalam, 30 tecnazene (TCNB), terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofosmethyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, 6 triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin, valiphenal, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, and mixtures and combinations thereof 5 Still another embodiment of the present invention is an insecticide formulation having improved drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. Examples of suitable insecticides are: kerosene or borax, botanicals or natural organic compounds (nicotine, pyrethrin, strychnine and rotenone), chorinated hydrocarbon (DDT, lindane, chlordane), organophosphates (malathion and diazinon), carbamates (carbaryl and propoxur), fumigants (naphthalene) and 10 benzene (mothballs), synthetic pyrethroids, and mixtures and combinations thereof The above listings of specific pesticides are not intended to be inclusive of all possibilities. 15 Yet still another embodiment of the present invention is a mixture of any herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide selected form the above groups having improved drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. 20 7 5 Example 1. 100 g of testing solution was prepared according to the composition of the following table. If the VES surfactant formed gel in water, heating (to ~60 - 70 C) was used to facilitate dissolution. Mixing was with a magnetic bar until the sample totally dissolved (or evenly dispersed). Order of 10 adding was not critical. Data was recorded in notebook 2207-71. In the following table, C1 means component 1, C2 component 2 and C3 component 3. Appr means appearance, Ki viscosity cP means kinematic viscosity in centipoise, measured by a U shape viscometer, model Cannon 100 Z858. 15 VES-2C was a experimental blend comprising about 510% erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine, DR-2000 was a commercial guar gum product used as drift control agent in agriculture, Ethoquad E/12 was erucyl 2-EO methyl chloride quaternary; Aromox APA-T was tallow dimethylamidopropyl amine (DMAPA), Arquad 16-29 was C16 trimethyl chloride quaternary 20 (29% active in water), Arquad SV-60 was soya trimethyl chloride quaternary (60%), Arquad APA-E E was 80% erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine, Arquad 2HT-83E was ~ 83% di-tallow dimethyl chloride quaternary, Arquad 2C-75 was 75% di-coco dimethyl chloride quaternary, and Roundup @ Original was a commercial product from Monsanto containing isopropylamine salt of glyphosate and tallowamine ethoxylate. 25 30 8 wt wt Ki Surface Name of of wt of Name of wt of Name of of Visco tension Cl Cl Water C2 C2 C3 C3 Appr cP mN/m 1 99.9 VES-2C 0.1077 C 1.42 33.9 DR-2000 2 99.9 Guar 0.1008 H 3.41 45.03 Erucid amido 3 99.9 betaine 0.1054 I 34.13 Ethoquad 4 99.9 E/12 0.1154 C 0.98 37.2 Aromox 5 99.9 APA-T 0.1065 C 1.02 32.54 Arquad Na 6 99.9 16-29 0.1081 salicylate 0.02 C 2.07 33.07 Arquad Na 7 99.9 SV-60 0.1065 salicylate 0.02 C 2.27 32.81 Arquad 8 99.9 APA-E E 0.0985 C 0.98 40.47 Arquad 9 99.9 2HT-83E 0.0999 H 1.38 33.57 Arquad 10 99.9 2C-75 0.1011 C 0.99 28.54 62% IPA 11 glyphosate 1 98.9 VES-2C 0.0994 C 1.01 33.44 62% IPA DR-2000 12 glyphosate 1 98.9 Guar 0.1009 H 3.52 47.47 62% IPA DR-2000 Na 13 glyphosate 1 98.9 Guar 0.1008 salicylate 0.02 C 3.31 43.83 62% IPA DR-2000 Na 14 glyphosate 1 98.9 Guar 0.1008 salicylate 0.02 C 3.45 Erucid 62% PA amido 15 glyphosate 1 98.9 betaine 0.1008 C 3.31 31.71 62% IPA Ethoquad 16 glyphosate 1 98.9 E/12 0.1052 C 0.98 36.98 62% IPA Ethoquad Na 17 glyphosate 1 98.9 E/12 0.1129 salicylate 0.02 C 2.01 32.37 62% PA Ethoquad Na 18 glyphosate 1 98.9 E/12 0.1129 salicylate 0.02 C 3.21 9 62% IPA Aromox 19 glyphosate 1 98.9 APA-T 0.0976 C 0.95 33 62% IPA Arquad 20 glyphosate 1 98.92 16-29 0.0774 C 0.95 40.9 62% IPA Arquad Na 21 glyphosate 1 98.92 16-29 0.0761 salicylate 0.02 C 1.06 31.59 62% IPA Arquad Na 22 glyphosate 1 98.92 16-29 0.0761 salicylate 0.02 C 0.98 62% IPA Arquad 23 glyphosate 1 98.92 SV-60 0.771 C 0.96 40.25 62% IPA Arquad Na 24 glyphosate 1 98.92 SV-60 0.0871 salicylate 0.02 C 1.22 32.51 62% PA 25 glyphosate 1 98.9 VES-1 0.1095 62% IPA Arquad 26 glyphosate 1 98.9 APA-E E 0.1048 C 1.01 38.9 62% PA Arquad 27 glyphosate 1 98.9 2HT-83E 0.0987 1 62% PA Arquad 28 glyphosate 1 98.9 2C-75 0.0999 H 1.04 26.8 62% PA Arquad Na 29 glyphosate 1 98.9 2C-75 0.1064 salicylate 0.02 H 1.12 26.54 Roundup 30 Original 1.52 98.38 VES-2C 0.114 C 1.05 38.59 Roundup DR-2000 31 Original 1.52 98.38 Guar 0.1022 H 3.55 42.03 Erucid Roundup amido 32 Original 1.52 98.38 betaine 0.0963 C 0.86 35.17 Roundup Ethoquad 33 Original 1.52 98.38 E/12 0.0994 C 0.86 39.61 Roundup Aromox 34 Original 1.52 98.38 APA-T 0.0972 C 1.01 37.37 Roundup Arquad 35 Original 1.52 98.4 16-29 0.0835 C 1.01 41.47 Roundup Arquad 36 Original 1.52 98.4 SV-60 0.0817 C 0.99 40.22 Roundup 37 Original 1.52 98.38 VES-1 10 Roundup Arquad 38 Original 1.52 98.38 APA-E E 0.113 C 0.98 40.49 Roundup Arquad 39 Original 1.52 98.38 2HT-83E 0.1047 1 Roundup Arquad 40 Original 1.52 98.38 2C-75 0.1045 C 1.01 31.68 50% ammonium 41 glyphosate 1 98.9 VES-2C 0.1101 C 0.96 50% ammonium DR-2000 42 glyphosate 1 98.9 Guar 0.0982 1 50% Erucid ammonium amido 43 glyphosate 1 98.9 betaine 0.0979 1 50% ammonium Ethoquad Na 44 glyphosate 1 98.9 E/12 0.1057 salicylate 0,02 C 3.29 50% ammonium Aromox 45 glyphosate 1 98.9 APA-T 0.0997 C 1.08 50% ammonium Arquad Na 46 glyphosate 1 98.92 16-29 0.1119 salicylate 0.02 C 1.16 50% ammonium Arquad Na 47 glyphosate 1 98.92 SV-60 0.0853 salicylate 0.02 C 1.26 50% ammonium Arquad 48 glyphosate 1 98.9 APA-E E 0.095 C 0.96 50% ammonium Arquad Na 49 glyphosate 1 98.9 2HT-83E 0.1074 salicylate 0.02 I 50% ammonium Arquad Na 50 glyphosate 1 98.9 2C-75 0.0997 salicylate 0.02 H 0.95 Surface tension measurements were also carried out at room temperature using the Kruss 12 tensiometer. 5 11 Example 2. Drift repeatability study A B C D E 1% IPA 1% IPA 1% IPA glyphosate (62%) glyphosate 1% IPA glyphosate + 0.1% Ethoquad (62%) + 0.1% glyphosate (62%) + 0.1% E/12 + 0.02% Na Erucyl DMAPA Water (62%) DR-200 salicylate betaine only 10 sec wt 1, g 114.3 115.1 108.4 105.3 10 sec wt 2, g 117.6 113.4 107.2 118.8* 10 sec wt 3, g 114.9 115.9 109.1 106.1 10 sec wt 4, g 110.2 112.5 110.6 105.8 Average Not wt, g 114.25 114.225 108.825 105.7333333 measured Solution appearance thin thin thick thick thin High Medium level Medium level High level- (some drift) - (some drift) - level Drift level poor Small level good good poor Method: One gallon of each of the above samples (5 samples including water) was prepared. 5 The water used was city tap water in all cases. Samples were prepared the day before testing to ensure that samples were solubilized. Each sample was sprayed using the tub sprayer with the yellow nozzle (designated "XR teejet"). The spraying pressure used was 30 psi. The sample was prayed into a 5-gal plastic bucket for 10 seconds and the weight of the sprayed sample was recorded. Four replicates were made for each 10 sample. The drift level was determined by observing the mist during 10 second spraying intervals. The tub was cleaned by rinsing with tap water between samples. 15 The data in example 2 indicated that I% IPA glyphosate (62%) (Sample A) and water (Sample E) had high level of drifting (a lot of mist). 1% IPA glyphosate (62%) + 0.1% DR-200 (Sample B) gave lowest level of drifting (least mist). Samples containing VES surfactants (Sample C and 12 D) gave intermediate (desired) drift level between the guar only sample (Sample B) and 1% IPA glyphosate (62%) sample (Sample A). Example 3. Drift observation with a hand-held Sprayer (data recorded in notebook 2207-97) 5 wt wt wt Name of of of Name of wt of Name of wt of Name of of Drift C1 C1 H20 C2 C2 C3 C3 C4 C4 Pattern 62% IPA glyphosate 0.33 30 fine 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.033 thin 62% IPA DR-2000 Armeen glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.033 APA 2 0.1 thin DR-2000 30 Guar 0.033 KCL 0.06 thin 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 fine 62% IPA DR-2000 Ethoquad glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 E/12 0.1 T/F 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 VES 2C 0.1 T />F 62% IPA corn glyphosate 0.33 30 starch 0.1 fine 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.02 >T/F 62% IPA DR-2000 NS 500 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 LQ 0.043 T />F 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 CO 360 0.051 T />F 62% IPA DR-2000 Arquad glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 APAEE 0.077 T />F 62% IPA DR-2000 glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 TSP-15 0.051 T />F 62% IPA DR-2000 corn Ethoquad glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 starch 0.01 E/12 0.1 T />F 62% IPA DR-2000 corn glyphosate 0.33 30 Guar 0.01 starch 0.01 VES 2C 0.1 T />F Tests for drift were conducted using a hand-held sprayer (sprayer head cat. # 30W8TS and 13 sprayer bottle cat. # 68WRT8). Test solutions were added to the bottle and the spray head was pumped several times with constant pressure until a consistent spray was produced. The normal spray pattern with water appeared as a fine, broad pattern of mist (fine). Samples 5 containing guar exhibited a different patten, consisting of a thin, concentrated spray stream with almost no fine mist being observed (thin). Samples shown as T/F were a mix of the two patterns. "> F" means a very fine spray pattern was observed. This method of spraying seemed sensitive and capable of picking up small changes in drift 10 characteristics. All samples containing guar contained small floating globules after initial mixing. Overnight, these globules settled to the bottom of the vial. We noticed that the spray pattern of the clear upper layer from the guar sample was the same as that of the original sprayed samples (thin). 15 14

Claims (39)

1. A pesticidal composition having improved drift control, said composition comprising a 5 pesticide and an effective amount of a drift control agent, wherein said drift control agent comprises at least one nitrogen containing viscoelastic surfactant of the formulae: (A) (AO), H R-(AO)m N+ - Z X (AO)b H 0 where R is C12 to C22 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; AO is C1-C3 alkylene oxide; m = 0 - 3; n = 1 - 3; b = 1 - 3; Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), C 1 -C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, oxygen, or CH 2 COO; X is an suitable anion (N bears a positive charge in this case) or nothing when Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), a oxygen or CH 2 COO; 5 (B) o V Y // / / R- C - NH - (B - N -)p B - N+ - Z X D E Where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 20 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; V, D, Y, Z, and E independently is nothing (or a pair of electrons), H (hydrogen), C1 -C4 alkyl, or a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units with the provisos that (1) V and D can not be both nothing at the same time and (2) the selection of Y, Z, and E only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary; X is a suitable anion(s); (C) O W' V' Y' // / / / R-C-N-(B-N-)pB-N-Z' 25 D' E' 15 where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; W is H, CH 2 COO, or CH 2 CH 2 OH; each of V', Y', Z', D', E' independently is nothing (or a pair electron), H, C1 -C4 alkyl, a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units, 0 (oxygen), CH 2 COO, CH 2 COO-M* or CH 2 CH 2 COOM* where M is H, Na, K, 5 Li, NH4, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropylamine, dimethyamine, or dimethylamidopropylamine (DMAPA) with the provisos that (1) the structure contains at least one amideoxide, betaine, or iminopropinate group, (2) V' and D' can not be nothing at the same time, and (3) the selection of Y', Z', and E' only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary. 0

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said pesticide is selected from an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or combinations or mixtures thereof

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said herbicide does not contain 2,4-D. 5

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said pesticide is a herbicide and said herbicide is selected from glyphosate, dicamba, atrazine, paraquat, or a combination or mixture thereof

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is a C1 8-22 amine ethoxylate o with 2 EO units with the following structure: CH 2 CH 2 OH R-(AO)m N CH 2 CH 2 OH

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is an ethoxylated C18-22 25 methyl chloride quaternary ammonium with 2 EO units with the following structure: CH 2 CH 2 OH R- N -CH 3 Cl CH 2 CH 2 OH

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is an C 18-22 ethoxylated 30 amineoxide with 2 EO units with the following structure: 16 CH 2 CH 2 OH R-N <- O CH 2 CH 2 OH 5

8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is an C18-22 ethoxylated betaine with 2 EO units CH 2 CH 2 OH R- N+ - CH 2 COO CH 2 CH 2 OH 0

9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is a C18-22 dimethylpropylamidoamine.

10. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is a C16-22 dimethylpropylamidoamine oxide. 5

11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is a C16-22 dimethylpropylamidoamine betaine.

12. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is a methyl chloride -0 quaternized C16-22 dimethylpropylamidoamine.

13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant includes an organic salt as its counterion. 25

14. The composition of claim 1 wherein said organic salt comprises a group containing a salicylate, benzoate, or xylene group.

15. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic includes an anionic surfactant as its counterion. 30

16. The composition of claim 1 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises a group containing a 17 sulfonate or sulfate.

17. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is used as a tank mixed adjuvant. 5

18. The composition of claim 1 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is used in combination with at least one additional polymer selected from guar gum, xanthan gum, and polyacramide.

19. The composition of claim 1 wherein M is not equal to 0; Z is oxygen or CH 2 COO and/or p is o not equal to 0.

20. A method of improving adverse drift in a pesticidal composition which comprises adding to said composition an effective amount of a drift control agent, wherein said drift control agent comprises at least one nitrogen containing viscoelastic surfactant of the formulae: 5 (A) (AO)n H R-(AO)m N+ - Z X (AO)b H where R is C12 to C22 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; AO is o C1-C3 alkylene oxide; m = 0 - 3; n = 1 - 3; b = 1 - 3; Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), C 1 -C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, oxygen, or CH 2 COO; X- is an suitable anion (N bears a positive charge in this case) or nothing when Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), a oxygen or CH 2 COO; (B) o V Y // / / R- C - NH - (B - N - )p B - N+ - Z X_ 25 D E Where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; V, D, Y, Z, and E independently is nothing (or a pair of electrons), H (hydrogen), C1 -C4 alkyl, or a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units with the provisos 18 that (1) V and D can not be both nothing at the same time and (2) the selection of Y, Z, and E only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary; X- is a suitable anion(s); (C) O W' V' Y' // / / / R-C-N-(B-N-)pB-N-Z' D' E' 5 where R is C12 - C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B = C2 - C6 alkylene; p = 0 - 5; W is H, CH 2 COO, or CH 2 CH 2 OH; each of V', Y', Z', D', E' independently is nothing (or a pair electron), H, C1 -C4 alkyl, a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units, 0 (oxygen), CH 2 COO, CH 2 COO-M* or CH 2 CH 2 COOM* where M is H, Na, K, Li, NH4, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropylamine, dimethyamine, 0 or dimethylamidopropylamine (DMAPA) with the provisos that (1) the structure contains at least one amideoxide, betaine, or iminopropinate group, (2) V' and D' can not be nothing at the same time, and (3) the selection of Y', Z', and E' only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary. 5

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said pesticide is selected from an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or combinations or mixtures thereof

22. The method of claim 20 wherein said herbicide does not contain 2,4-D. 20

23. The method of claim 20 wherein said pesticide is a herbicide and said herbicide is selected from glyphosate, dicamba, atrazine, paraquat, or a combination or mixture thereof.

24. The method of claim 20 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is selected from 25 i. a C18-22 amine ethoxylate with 2 EO units with the following structure: CH 2 CH 2 OH R-(AO)m N CH 2 CH 2 OH ii. an ethoxylated C18-22 methyl chloride quaternary ammonium with 2 EO units with 19 the following structure: CH2CH20HI R-N -CIH Cl CH 2 CH 2 OH ii. an C18-22 ethoxylated amineoxide with 2 EO units with the following structure: CH 2 CH 2 OH R- N +-0 iv. an C18-22 ethoxylated betaine with 2 EO units CH2CH2OH R - N -1CH 2 COO CH 2 CHOH or combiations or mixtures thereof

25. The method of claim 20 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant is selected from a Cl 8-22 dimethylprolpylaidoatmie; a C16-22 dimethylpropylamidoamine oxide, a C16-22 dimethylpropylami doamine betaine; a methyl chloride quaternized C 16-22 dimethylpropyl amidoamine, or combinations or mixtures thereof

26. The method of claim 20 wherein said viscoelastic surfactant includes a counterion which comprises salicylate, benzoate, xylene, sulfonate or sulfate group.

27. A pesticidal composition having improved drift control, said composition comprising a pesticide and an effective amount of drift control agent, wherein said drift control agent comprises at least one nitrogen containing viscoelastic surfactant of the formula: CH 3 R-C-N1-CH2-CH2-CH2N'-Z X 0 CH where R is C15 to C21 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; Z is 0 (oxygen), CH 2 COO, or CH 3 ; and X- is nothing when Z is 0 (oxygen) or CH 2 COO and X is a suitable anion when Z is CH 3 . 20

28. The composition of claim 27 wherein said pesticide is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and mixtures thereof.

29. The composition of claim 28 wherein said herbicide does not contain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ("2,4-D").

30. The composition of claim 27 wherein said pesticide is a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, dicamba, atrazine, paraquat, and mixtures thereof.

31. The composition of any one of claims 27-30 which additionally comprises at least one additional polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum, xanthan gum, polyacrylamide and mixtures thereof.

32. The composition of any one of claims 27-31 wherein the viscoelastic surfactant is a C16-C22 dimethylpropylamidoamine oxide.

33. The composition of any one of claims 27-32 wherein the viscoelastic surfactant is a C16-C22 dimethylpropylamidoamine betaine.

34. The composition of any one of claims 27-33 wherein the viscoelastic surfactant is a methyl chloride quaternized C16-C22 dimethylpropylamidoamine.

35. A method of improving adverse drift in a pesticidal composition which comprises adding to said composition an effective amount of a drift control agent, wherein said drift control agent comprises at least one nitrogen containing viscoelastic surfactant of the formula: CH3 R-C-NH-C~H-CH 2 -CHN*-Z X 0 CH where R is C15 to C21 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; Z is 0 (oxygen), CH 2 COO, or CH 3 ; and X- is nothing when Z is 0 (oxygen) or CH 2 COO and X is a suitable anion when Z is CH 3 .

36. The method of claim 35 wherein said pesticide is selected from the group consisting of an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and mixtures thereof.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein said herbicide does not contain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ("2,4-D").

38. The method of claim 35 wherein said pesticide is a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, dicamba, atrazine, paraquat, and mixtures thereof. 21

39. The method of claim 35 wherein the drift control agent is added directly to a spray tank along with other ingredients of the pesticidal composition. Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON & FERGUSON 22