AU2011336875A1 - Processes for the preparation of enamines - Google Patents
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- AU2011336875A1 AU2011336875A1 AU2011336875A AU2011336875A AU2011336875A1 AU 2011336875 A1 AU2011336875 A1 AU 2011336875A1 AU 2011336875 A AU2011336875 A AU 2011336875A AU 2011336875 A AU2011336875 A AU 2011336875A AU 2011336875 A1 AU2011336875 A1 AU 2011336875A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- NCBDFIPMWRKPDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(Methylthio)butanal Chemical compound CSC(C)CC=O NCBDFIPMWRKPDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 11
- LSGZGFUQRGHSSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine Chemical compound CSC(C)C=CN1CCCC1 LSGZGFUQRGHSSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000278 alkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 4
- MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940007550 benzyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007811 spectroscopic assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- QEBYQXZZQGEKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfanylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(SC)C=O QEBYQXZZQGEKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100219382 Caenorhabditis elegans cah-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010936 aqueous wash Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007337 electrophilic addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007336 electrophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBAVIFYHOYIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium methanethiolate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C RMBAVIFYHOYIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/44—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers
- C07C209/52—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of carboxylic acids or esters thereof in presence of ammonia or amines, or by reduction of nitriles, carboxylic acid amides, imines or imino-ethers by reduction of imines or imino-ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/24—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/27—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and unsaturated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention disclosed in this document is related to the field of processes for the preparation of enamines wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and further information are disclosed herein.
Description
WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF ENAMINES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This Application claims priority from U.S. provisional application 61/419,277 filed 5 on December 3, 2010. The entire content of this provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference into this Application. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention disclosed in this document is related to the field of processes for the 10 preparation of enamines. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Enamines are very useful molecules. They have been used in a wide variety of reactions such as, for example, electrophilic substitution and addition, oxidation and 15 reduction, and cycloaddition (J. Kang, Y. R. Cho, and J. H. Lee, Bull. Korean Chem Soc. Vol. 13, No.2, 1992). An early method for preparing enamines involved the condensation of aldehydes and ketones with secondary amines (C. Mannich and H. Davidsen, Ber., 69, 2106 (1936). Mannich and Davidsen discovered that the condensation reaction of an aldehyde with a 20 secondary amine could be conducted at temperatures near 0 'C in the presence of potassium carbonate (K 2 C0 3 ), but however, the condensation reaction of a ketone with a secondary amine required calcium oxide (CaO) and elevated temperatures. Later, Herr and Heyl discovered that this type of condensation reaction could be improved by removing water (H20) during an azeotropic distillation with benzene (M.E. Herr and F. W. Heyl, J. Am. 25 Chem. Soc., 74, 3627 (1952); F. W. Heyl and M.E. Herr , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 1918 (1953); M.E. Herr and F. W. Heyl, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 5927 (1953); F. W. Heyl and M.E. Herr , J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77, 488 (1955)). Since these publications a number of modifications have been disclosed. Usually, these modifications are based on using dehydration reagents such as K 2 C0 3 , CaO, p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), boron trifluoride 30 diethyl etherate (BF 3 -OEt 2 ), acetic acid (AcOH), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), calcium -1- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 hydride (CaH 2 ), titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), and molecular sieves (see J. Kang above). Other modifications deal with chemically converting water to something else during the condensation reaction (see J. Kang above). An extensive summary of the vast number of methods to prepare enamines is discussed in "ENAMINES, Synthesis, Structure, and 5 Reactions, 2 Edition, Edited by A. G. Cook, Chap. 2, (1988). Specific examples of processes to prepare enamines can be found in the following: U.S. Patent 3,074,940 which discloses that certain aldehydes form azeotropes with water which can be used to remove the reaction water formed during certain enamine condensation reactions; 10 U.S. Patent 3,530,120 which discloses conducting certain enamine condensation reactions in an inert atmosphere with certain arsine molecules; U.S. Patent 5,247,091 which discloses conducting certain enamine condensation reactions in an aqueous media; S. Kaiser, S. P. Smidt, and A. Pfaltz, Angew. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 5194-5197 15 See Supporting information pages 10-11; and WO 2009/007460 A2, see page 13, example l.a. Enamines such as 1-(3-methylthiobut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine are useful intermediates for the preparation of certain new insecticides (see, for example, U.S. Patent Publications 2005/0228027 and 2007/0203191). Current known processes to make such thioenamines are 20 not efficient in producing such enamines due to a variety of reasons -- there are problems in preventing thermal degradation of the thioenamine, and while using potassium carbonate is an effective desiccant, it is problematic to filter such desiccant during larger than lab-scale production. Thus, a process is needed to remove water during these types of condensation reactions without using solid desiccants, or using temperature conditions that promote the 25 thermal degradation of such enamines. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In general, the processes disclosed in this document can be illustrated as in Scheme 1. -2- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 RI R3 H R1\ ,R3 / I C=C R4 O R2-C-C + R R2 N + H H / \\ R4 R5 H 0 R5 Scheme 1 In general, the invention is a process comprising: (A) contacting a first mixture with a second mixture in a reaction zone, (1) wherein said first mixture comprises an amine having the following 5 formula H N R4 R5 wherein R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C 1
-C
8 alkyl,
C
3
-C
8 cycloalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7
-C
12 arylalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or R4 and R5 taken together with N represent a 5- or 6-membered saturated or 10 unsaturated ring, and (2) wherein said second mixture comprises a non-polar-high-boiling-point solvent and a carbonyl (i.e. an aldehyde or a ketone) having the following formula R\ R3 R2-C-C H 0 15 (a) wherein RI and R2 is each independently selected from C 1
-C
8 alkyl, C 3
-C
8 cycloalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7
-C
12 arylalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, each of which is independently substituted with one or more S-R6 wherein each R6 is independently selected from C 1
-C
8 alkyl, C 3
-C
8 cycloalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7
-C
12 20 arylalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, and (b) wherein R3 is selected from H, C 1
-C
8 alkyl, C 3
-C
8 cycloalkyl,
C
2
-C
8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7
-C
12 arylalkyl, C 2
-C
8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; -3- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 (B) reacting in said reaction zone said amine and said carbonyl to produce an enamine and H 2 0, wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising (1) a pressure from about 100 Pascals (Pa) to about 120,000 Pa, and 5 (2) a temperature below about, but preferably below, the thermal decomposition temperature of said enamine during said reacting; and (C) removing a vapor phase from said reaction zone wherein said vapor phase comprises said non-polar-high-boiling-point-solvent and H 2 0, wherein the ratio of 10 (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone): (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) is from about (1 part first mixture added): (1 part vapor phase removed) 15 to about (1 part first mixture added): (20 parts vapor phase removed). In general said contacting can be done in any manner, however, it is preferred if said first mixture is contacted with said second mixture in said reaction zone such that said 20 contacting takes place at or below the surface of said second mixture. Approximately equimolar quantities of said amine and said carbonyl can be used in the process, although excesses of one or the other may be employed. The molar ratio of amine to carbonyl can be from about 0.9 to about 1.2, however, a slight molar excess of amine to carbonyl is preferred, such as, for example, a molar ratio greater than 1 but less than 25 about 1.1. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a non-polar-high-boiling-point-solvent such as, hydrocarbon solvents, most preferably aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as, for example, benzene, toluene, or xylene. Currently, toluene is a preferred solvent. -4- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 In another embodiment of this invention, said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a temperature that keeps the majority, if not all, of said carbonyl, which has not reacted, preferably in said second mixture and not in said vapor phase. It is preferable to keep the carbonyl in the second mixture so that it can react with the amine and 5 not form a water-aldehyde azeotrope. For example, if butyraldehyde is used, a desirable temperature range would be about 60 'C to about 80 'C around one atmosphere of pressure. In another embodiment of this invention said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a pressure from about 1000 Pa to about 60,000 Pa and a temperature from about 10 'C to about 80 'C. 10 In another embodiment of this invention said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a pressure from about 2500 Pa to about 30,000 Pa and a temperature from about 20 'C to about 70 'C. In another embodiment of this invention said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a pressure from about 5000 Pa to about 15,000 Pa and a temperature 15 from about 25 'C to about 65 'C. In another embodiment of this invention when producing 1 (3-methylsulfanyl-but-1-enyl)-pyrrolidine a temperature below about the thermal decomposition temperature of 1-(3-methylsulfanyl-but-1-enyl)-pyrrolidine during said reacting is preferred. It is preferred in such processes that the condensation reaction be conducted under 20 azeotropic conditions so that as much water can be removed as desired. It is also preferred if no desiccants be used to remove water. In another embodiment of this invention, RI and R2 are independently C 1
-C
8 alkyl,
C
3
-C
8 cycloalkyl, each of which is independently substituted with one or more S-R6 wherein each R6 is independently selected from C 1
-C
8 alkyl. 25 In another embodiment of this invention, R3 is H. In another embodiment of this invention, wherein R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C 1
-C
8 alkyl and C 3
-C
8 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment of this invention R4 and R5 taken together with N represent a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring. In another embodiment of this invention, said first mixture comprises pyrrolidine and 30 said second mixture comprises 3-methylsulfanyl-butyraldehyde. In another embodiment of this invention, said enamine is 1-(3-methylsulfanyl-but-1-enyl)-pyrrolidine. -5- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 In another embodiment of this invention, the first mixture and second mixture can be contacted in the reaction zone simultaneously as they are added. In another embodiment of the invention, the ratio of (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone) 5 (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) is from about (1 part first mixture added): (2 parts vapor phase removed) to about 10 (1 part first mixture added): (15 parts vapor phase removed). In another embodiment of the invention, the ratio of (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone) (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) 15 is from about (1 part first mixture added): (3 parts vapor phase removed) to about (1 part first mixture added): 20 (10 parts vapor phase removed). EXAMPLES The examples are for illustration purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the invention disclosed in this document to only the embodiments disclosed in these examples. 25 -6- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 1. Preparation of 3-methylthiobutanal (1) from crotonaldehyde. NS CH O (1) To a three Liter (L) 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with magnetic stirring, temperature 5 probe, addition funnel, distillation head, padded with nitrogen, and vented to a bleach scrubber was charged with 100 mL toluene followed by 84 g (1.39 mol) of glacial acetic acid followed by 61 g (0.86 mol) of crotonaldehyde. Another 100 mL of toluene was used as solvent rinses during the addition of acetic acid and crotonaldehyde. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and then 500 g (0.906 mol) of a 12.7 wt% aqueous sodium 10 methyl mercaptide solution was added via addition funnel over a 67 minutes (min) period. The internal reaction temperature rose from 2 'C to 13 'C during addition of the mercaptide solution, and the reaction pH tested around -7 using pH test strips. The ice-water bath was removed and the reaction was heated to 50 'C for 10 hours (h). At this time, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis indicated about -0.8% (relative area) for the crotonaldehyde 15 starting material. The reaction mixture was then transferred to a 2-L separatory funnel and the mixture was diluted with another 400 mL of toluene. The bottom aqueous layer was drained and discarded. The remaining organic layer was washed with 300 mL of fresh water. The bottom aqueous wash layer was discarded and the remaining organic layer was transferred back to the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was then azeotropically dried at a 20 temperature range of 19 'C to 22 'C and a vacuum of -5300 Pa Hg for about 40 min. The collected distillate contained mostly toluene and about 0.2% of 3-methylthiobutanal. After completing the distillation, the remaining reaction bottoms in the pot were isolated to give 536 g of 3-methylthiobutanal in toluene as a light yellow solution. GC assay analysis of this mixture (using dipropyl phthalate as internal standard) indicated a 17.6 wt% solution of 3 25 methylthiobutanal (1) in toluene and a 93% in-pot yield. -7- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 2. Preparation of 3-methylthiobutanal (1) from crotonaldehyde. '1 S CHO (1) To a 500 mL three neck round bottom flask was charged sequentially 25.00 g (0.35 mol) of 5 99% crotonaldehyde, then 28.03 g (0.47 mol) of glacial acetic acid, and finally 57.26 g (0.62 mol) of toluene. The reaction mixture was stirred magnetically and cooled in an ice-water bath. Once the internal reaction temperature reached 2 'C, 143.79 g (0.431 mol) of a 21 wt% aqueous sodium methylmercaptide solution was continuously added via addition funnel over a 56 min period and the internal reaction temperature rose from 2 'C to 10 'C during the 10 addition this time. The pH was measured around 7.0 using a test strip paper. The ice-water bath was removed and the reaction was heated at 60 'C for 24 h at which time the reaction mixture was allowed to cool. The reaction mixture phases were separated. The bottom aqueous phase (147.95 g) was discarded into the waste stream. The top organic phase (97.6 g) was isolated. GC assay analysis of this mixture (using dipropyl phthalate as internal standard) 15 indicated a 37.5 wt% solution of 3-methylthiobutanal (1) in toluene and a 88% in-pot yield. 3. Preparation of 1-(3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine (2). N-S N (2) 20 To a 500 mL three-neck round bottom flask fitted with a fractional distillation head was charged the 96.55 g (0.31 mol) of a 37.5 wt% 3-methylthiobutanal in toluene solution (from Example 2) followed by an additional 276 g (3.0 mol) of fresh toluene. The reaction mixture was heated to 35 'C and the system was put on total reflux under a reduced pressure of -9300-10,6000 Pa. The mixture was stirred for 45 min at total reflux and then 15.5 g of 25 distillate was collected overhead for a 22.0 min period while the pot temperature was about 39 C. An additional 16.5 g of distillate was collected over a 12 min period while the pot temperature was about 46 C. After the second fraction was collected, 21.8 g (0.31 mol) of -8- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 pyrrolidine was continuously added subsurface to the reaction mixture over a 55.0 min period. During the pyrrolidine addition, the following distillation ranges were observed: Pot temperature: 35-47 0 C Overheads temperature 30-47 0 C 5 Pressure about 9300-10,600 Pa At the end of the pyrrolidine addition, the subsurface line was rinsed with about 0.86 g of toluene. The distillation was continued an additional 47 minutes taking lights overhead. The vacuum was relieved by purging the system with nitrogen, and then the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. A total of 146.21 g of distillate was collected. A total of 186.82 g of 10 distillation bottoms was collected and analyzed for product yield. 1H NMR spectroscopic assay of this product mixture (using benzyl acetate as an internal standard and CDCl 3 as solvent) indicated a 24.6 wt% solution of 1-(3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine (2) in toluene and an 87% in-pot yield. 15 4. Preparation of 1-(3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine (2). N1S N (2) To a 700 mL three-neck jacketed reactor fitted with a fractional distillation head was charged the 17.00 g (0.326 mol) of a 22.7 wt% 3-methylthiobutanal in toluene solution followed by an 20 additional 284 g (9.44 mol) of fresh toluene. The reaction mixture was heated to 45 0 C and placed under -10,600 Pa reduced pressure, and then 24.63 g (0.343 mol) of pyrrolidine was continuously added subsurface to the reaction mixture over a 15.0 min period. During the pyrrolidine addition, the following distillation ranges were observed: 25 Pot temperature: 41-45 0 C Overheads temperature 38-40 GC Pressure about 10,600 Pa -9- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 At the end of the pyrrolidine addition, the subsurface line was rinsed with about 0.86 g of toluene. The distillation was continued an additional 28 min taking lights overhead. The vacuum was relieved by purging the system with nitrogen, and then the mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. A total of 248.25 g of distillate was collected. A total of 192.70 g of 5 distillation bottoms was collected and analyzed for product yield. 1H NMR spectroscopic assay of this product mixture (using benzyl acetate as an internal standard and CDCl 3 as solvent) indicated a 19.3 wt% solution of 1-(3-methylsulfanylbut-1-enyl)pyrrolidine (2) in toluene and an 86% in-pot yield. -10-
Claims (18)
1. A process comprising: (A) contacting a first mixture with a second mixture in a reaction zone, (1) wherein said first mixture comprises an amine having the following 5 formula H R4 R5 wherein R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7 -C 12 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or R4 and R5 taken together with N represent a 5- or 6-membered saturated or 10 unsaturated ring, and (2) wherein said second mixture comprises a non-polar-high-boiling-point solvent and a carbonyl (i.e. an aldehyde or a ketone) having the following formula R\ R3 R2-C-C H O (a) wherein RI and R2 is each independently selected from C 1 -C 8 15 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7 -C 12 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, each of which is independently substituted with one or more S-R6 wherein each R6 is independently selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7 -C 12 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, and (b) wherein R3 is selected from H, C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, 20 C 2 -C 8 alkoxyalkyl, C 7 -C 12 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkylaminoalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; (B) reacting in said reaction zone said amine and said carbonyl to produce an enamine and H 2 0, wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising (1) a pressure from about 100 Pascals (Pa) to about 120,000 Pa, and 25 (2) a temperature below about, but preferably below, the thermal decomposition temperature of said enamine during said reacting; and -11- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 (C) removing a vapor phase from said reaction zone wherein said vapor phase comprises said non-polar-high-boiling-point-solvent and H20, wherein the ratio of (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone) 5 (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) is from about (1 part first mixture added): (1 part vapor phase removed) to about 10 (1 part first mixture added): (20 parts vapor phase removed).
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said first mixture is contacted with said second mixture in said reaction zone such that said contacting takes place at or below the 15 surface of said second mixture.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of amine to carbonyl, used during the reaction is greater than 1 but less than about 1.1. 20
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein said non-polar-high-boiling-point-solvent is toluene.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a temperature that keeps the majority, if not all, of said carbonyl, 25 which has not reacted, in said second mixture and not in said vapor phase. -12- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a pressure from about 1000 Pa to about 60,000 Pa and a temperature from about 10 'C to about 80 'C. 5
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising a pressure from about 2500 Pa to about 30,000 Pa and a temperature from about 20 'C to about 70 'C.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein said reacting is conducted under distillation 10 conditions comprising a pressure from about 5000 Pa to about 15,000 Pa and a temperature from about 25 'C to about 65 'C.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein said reacting is conducted under azeotropic conditions. 15
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein RI and R2 are independently C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 3 C 8 cycloalkyl, each of which is independently substituted with one or more S-R6 wherein each R6 is independently selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl. 20
11. A process according to claims wherein R3 is H.
12. A process according to claims wherein R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, and C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl. 25
13. A process according to claims wherein R4 and R5 taken together with N represent a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring.
14. A process according to claims wherein said first mixture comprises pyrrolidine and said second mixture comprises 3-methylsulfanyl-butyraldehyde. -13- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986
15. A process according to claims wherein said enamine is 1-(3-methylsulfanyl-but-1 enyl)-pyrolidine.
16. A process according to claims wherein the ratio of 5 (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone): (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) is from about (1 part first mixture added): (2 parts vapor phase removed) 10 to about (1 part first mixture added): (15 parts vapor phase removed).
17. A process according to claims wherein the ratio of 15 (the amount of first mixture added to said reaction zone): (the amount of vapor phase removed from said reaction zone) is from about (1 part first mixture added): (3 parts vapor phase removed) 20 to about (1 part first mixture added): (10 parts vapor phase removed).
18. A process comprising: 25 (A) contacting a first mixture with a second mixture in a reaction zone (1) wherein said first mixture comprises pyrrolidine, and -14- WO 2012/074862 PCT/US2011/061986 (2) wherein said second mixture comprises 3-methylsulfanyl butyraldehyde and toluene; (B) reacting in said reaction zone said pyrrolidine and said 3-methylsulfanyl butyraldehyde to produce 1-(3-methylsulfanyl-but-1-enyl)-pyrrolidine and H20, wherein said 5 reacting is conducted under distillation conditions comprising (1) a pressure from about 5000 Pa to about 15000 Pa, and (2) a temperature from about 25 'C to about 65 'C; and (C) removing a vapor phase comprising toluene and H20 and essentially no 3 methylsulfanyl-butyraldehyde, 10 wherein the ratio of (the amount of first mixture added) : (the vapor phase removed) is from about (1 part first mixture added) (3 parts vapor phase removed) to about 15 (1 part first mixture added) (10 parts vapor phase removed). -15-
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| DE1287571B (en) * | 1966-02-21 | 1969-01-23 | Frhr Von Hirsch Hubert | Process for the production of enamines |
| DE2116882C3 (en) * | 1971-04-06 | 1985-05-15 | Schering AG, 1000 Berlin und 4709 Bergkamen | Enamine compounds and their preparation |
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| ES2241680T3 (en) * | 1999-11-16 | 2005-11-01 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF CETIMINAS. |
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| JP3881648B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2007-02-14 | シャープ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member and image forming apparatus having the same |
| CN1271050C (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-08-23 | 浙江工业大学 | Process for preparing 2-substituted enamine or enoyl amine |
| TW201309635A (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2013-03-01 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Insecticidal N-substituted (6-haloalkylpyridin-3-yl)alkyl sulfoximines |
| US7728014B2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2010-06-01 | Allergan, Inc. | Heteroaromatic compounds having sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist biological activity |
| US7709648B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2010-05-04 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Process for the preparation of 2-substituted-5-(1-alkylthio)alkylpyridines |
| WO2008097234A1 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Process for the preparation of 2-substituted-5-(1-alkylthio) alkylpyridines |
| JP4316634B2 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2009-08-19 | シャープ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member containing enamine compound, image forming apparatus provided with the same, enamine compound and method for producing the same |
| US20130252288A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2013-09-26 | Stefaan Marie André De Wildeman | Enantioselective reduction |
| CN101125828A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-02-20 | 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 | Synthesis method for alpha-carbonylenamine derivative cooling agent (3-MPC) and application thereof |
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| JP5408894B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2014-02-05 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus provided with the same |
| ITMI20081084A1 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Phf Sa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BRINZOLAMIDE |
| WO2010002577A1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Improved process for the preparation of 2-trifluoromethyl-5-(1-substituted)alkylpyridines |
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