AU2008200493A1 - A system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name of Applicant: Actual Inventors: Address for Service: Invention Title: UniRac, Inc.

LIEBENDORFER, John E DAVIES COLLISON CAVE, Patent Attorneys, 1 Nicholson Street, Melbourne, 3000 "A system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface" The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to us.

Q \OPER\Sgw\2008 Jan-Jun\30479666 Div I February doc 1/208 00 A SYSTEM FOR REMOVABLY AND ADJUSTABLY MOUNTING A DEVICE ON A SURFACE t' Technical Field The present invention pertains generally to an apparatus and method for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a 00oo surface. More particularly, the new and useful invention claimed in this document pertains to a system for securely, safely, yet quickly mounting one or more photovoltaic devices onto a surface including, but not limited to, a roof. The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, useful for removably attaching one or more photovoltaic modules, panels and arrays to a roof, pole, or other surface, and removing or readjusting the configuration of the apparatus just as safely, reliably and quickly.

Mounting devices to surfaces that are, or may be, exposed to unpredictable and varying force vectors caused by wind, rain, and other elements of weather present technical problems often difficult to solve.

A long standing and unsolved challenge in the solar energy industry, for example, has been resolving how best to mount panels, modules and arrays of photovoltaic devices (collectively, "module" or "modules") on surfaces not only securely and safely, but also quickly. The obverse problem also is significant to the industry, namely safely removing or reconfiguring a module that has been installed on a surface.

Solar energy radiation from the sun is capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. The sun is an extremely powerful energy source, and solar radiation is by far the largest source of energy received by Earth, but its intensity at the Earth's surface is comparatively low. This is partly because Earth's atmosphere and its clouds absorb or scatter as much as 54 percent of all incoming sunlight.

Solar energy, however, due to technological improvements in the manner of collecting the potential energy, has become increasingly attractive as 00 S-2an energy source: it is inexhaustible in supply, and non-polluting, both in stark contrast to fossil-fuel sources like coal, oil, and natural gas.

SSunlight reaching earth consists of approximately percent visible light, 45 percent infrared radiation, and small amounts of ultraviolet light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation 00 is convertible either into thermal energy or directly into electricity by 00 photovoltaic cells. In photovoltaic cells, a small electrical voltage is N' generated when light strikes the junction between a metal and a semiconductor or a junction between two different semiconductors.

Although the voltage generated from a single photovoltaic cell typically is only a fraction of a volt, by connecting large numbers of cells together into panels, modules and arrays, significant electric power can be generated.

To harness radiation for direct generation of electricity using cells collected into panels, modules and arrays, a number of apparatus and methods for using and installing the apparatus have been devised on which to mount modules on surfaces exposed to the radiation. The construction, installation, and use of such apparatus present a number of unsolved problems.

A wide variety of racks, frames and associated hardware have been proposed to mount modules on surfaces. Some solutions have proposed modifications of the shape, structure and size of components of a module to achieve more rapid and secure mounting.

Other solutions have proposed altering the construct and design of hardware associated with installing racks, framing, and footings into a footing grid on which modules are mounted. As used in this document the term "footing grid" includes a network of keepers often, but not exclusively, L-shaped and formed with at least one hole in each extension of the The keepers are connectable to a surface and are formed and shaped to permit attachment of other hardware components such as rails 00 S-3and frames on which modules may be attached.

Prior approaches suggested for mounting a module on a Cc surface include significant limitations and problems. A serious challenge to providing a useful apparatus and method for mounting a module on a surface arises from the variety of sizes and shapes of the modules, as 00 well as the varying number of modules that might be required in a given 00 Ssituation. Another challenge that earlier suggestions did not overcome is the variety of surfaces on which modules may or must be mounted, including roofs, tops and sides of poles, the ground, and other locations.

Many earlier solutions, therefore, required construction of custom built racks to fit each of the enumerable iterations of the sizes and shapes of modules.

Many earlier suggestions for mounting panels, modules and arrays of photovoltaic devices on surfaces are cumbersome, unsafe, and not easily assembled or reconfigured. Also, none of the solutions provided an apparatus, and method for installing the apparatus, that would be universal. The term "universal" refers to an apparatus and method for mounting modules on a wide variety of surfaces that not only accommodate all known shapes, configurations, and numbers of modules, but also permit installation top down as well as bottom up. In the industry associated with installation of photovoltaic modules, the term "top down" refers to mounting photovoltaic modules on structures such as frames and rails that are attached first to the footing and on the surface on which the module is to be mounted before the module is attached to the frames or rails. For example, in the case of a module to be mounted on a building, one or more rails first would be attached to a footing grid that earlier has been attached to the surface, in this instance the roof; thereafter, one or more modules would be attached to the rails.

Hardware that secures the module to the rails is attached from the top, or 00 -4front, of the module. The term "bottom up" refers to positioning a photovoltaic module by first attaching the module to the footing grid and to the roof or other surface. In bottom up mounting, hardware used to secure the module to the rail is attached from the bottom or back of the module. The uniqueness of each installation, an installer's preferences, 00 and the particular module all will determine whether a top down or bottom 00 up installation is used. Significantly, none of the currently available c' apparatus for mounting photovoltaic modules to a surface allow installation both top down and bottom up using the same rail system.

Another limitation of current approaches for mounting photovoltaic modules to a surface is the excessive number and variety of hardware parts and components that are required to assemble a frame or rail system. Each module or combination of modules installed may present different shapes, sizes and configurations, thus requiring a unique combination of mounting hardware.

Still another unresolved problem arises from the varying shapes, sizes and configurations of modules. The arrangement of the modules on a surface such as a roof may not be dimensionally consistent with the location of rafters underneath the roof into which hardware must be inserted to hold the footing grid and rails.

Still another limitation of present apparatus for assembling and mounting modules on surfaces is the absence of a system and apparatus that permits easily adjusting and readjusting of the location on a rail on which the module may be positioned.

Therefore, a previously unaddressed need exists in the industry for a new and useful system for positioning devices such as photovoltaic panels, modules and arrays of photovoltaic devices on a surface such as a roof, pole or other surface. Particularly, there is a significant need for a method and apparatus for mounting one or more 00 ,.fl photovoltaic modules safely, reliably, yet quickly on a surface; removing or reconfiguring the modules just as safely, reliably and quickly; and providing a system that is adjustable and expandable to allow a variety of dimensions and configurations.

Disclosure of the Invention c- Given the conventional solutions for solving the problems 00oo associated with removably and adjustably mounting a device such as a c-i module having any size and shape on a wide variety of surfaces; and of mounting varying shapes, sizes and configurations of modules on a surface such as a roof that may not be dimensionally consistent with the location of rafters underneath the roof into which hardware must be inserted to hold the footing grid and rails; and of reducing the number and variety of different hardware components that installers must use to install modules, it would be desirable, and of considerable advantage, to provide an interrelated system for quickly and safely mounting a module on a surface that overcomes those problems.

The present invention provides numerous advantages in connection with mounting, attaching, adjusting the configuration of one or more modules, and removing the one or more modules from a surface in a safe, reliable, yet rapid manner. At least one of the advantages of the present invention is that it provides an apparatus, and a method of installing the apparatus, that allows installation both top down and bottom up using the same rail system. The present invention also significantly reduces the number and variety of hardware parts and components needed to assemble the apparatus. In addition, the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface provides universal hardware, permitting installation of a module on a surface either in any direction or configuration.

In addition, the present invention also allows assembly of 00 S-6- _photovoltaic modules of any size or shape on a variety of surfaces, while o insuring that the footing grid remains securely attached to the surface.

The unique dual track rail of the present invention, in combination with the novel clamps of the present invention, also permit ready slidable adjusting and readjusting of the location on a rail on which the module may be N, positioned. Equally significant, the present invention provides an 00 apparatus and method for removably and adjustably mounting a device Ssuch as a module on a surface which respectively are easy to use and to practice, and which are cost effective for their intended purposes.

These and other advantages are achieved in the present invention by providing a system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface that includes a rail formed with at least two tracks, and one or more clamps for interconnecting the system. Each of the tracks includes a channel extending the length of the rail. A slot also extending the length of the rail is formed in each channel. The slots are arranged at approximately a right angle to each other. The unique channel construction helps achieve the advantages of the present invention by making the rail adjustable to a wide variety of modules. To add universality of application to the present invention, the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface also includes at least two different constructions of clamps for top down mounting. One configuration of the clamps is a duct with at least two opposing shoulders substantially perpendicular to one another, and is used primarily for mounting adjacent edges of different modules to a rail. Another configuration of the clamp is a leg having a descending member and an ascending member extending in opposite directions. A lip, or fin, is provided on the two opposing shoulders, as well as on the ascending member, to provide torsional clamping power on the edges of modules.

The leg-shaped clamp is an end clamp, used primarily to mount an edge 00 -7- _of a module to a rail. The clamps may be repositioned along the rail o formed with at least two tracks, making the system easily and quickly reconfigurable.

The advantages and other objects of the present invention, and features of such a system for removably and adjustably mounting a c device on a surface, will become apparent to those skilled in the art when 00 read in conjunction with the accompanying following description, drawing C figures, and appended claims. It is clear, however, from the foregoing that the claimed subject matter as a whole, including the structure of the apparatus, and the cooperation of the elements of the apparatus, as well as the method for installing and using the apparatus, combine to result in a number of unexpected advantages and utilities of the present invention.

In addition, the foregoing has outlined broadly the more important features of the invention to better understand the detailed description which follows, and to better understand the contribution of the present invention to the art. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in application to the details of construction, and to the arrangements of the components, provided in the following description or drawing figures. The invention is capable of other embodiments, and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and terminology employed in this disclosure are* for purpose of description, and should not be regarded as limiting.

As used in this document, the term "device" is not limited to the photovoltaic environment. For example, but not by way of limitation, the term includes any device capable of generating power, but may also be a device capable of holding liquids, gases or admixtures of solids. A device may be mounted on a surface which may include the roof or wall of a building, a pole, or any other surface. The shape of the device is not 00 S-8- _material to the present invention, and may be rectangular, circular, or any other shape or configuration.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the conception on which this disclosure is based readily may be used as a basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the C-i purposes of the present invention. The claims, therefore, include such 00 equivalent constructions to the extent the equivalent constructions do not C-I depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further, the abstract associated with this disclosure is neither intended to define the invention, which is measured by the claims, nor intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.

Brief Description of the Drawings Other objects, uses, and advantages of this invention are apparent from a reading of the specification in conjunction with the accompanying schematic drawings, which form a part thereof and wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface in an operative environment as an apparatus for removably and adjustably mounting one or more photovoltaic modules on a surface such as a roof as shown; Figure 2 is a top view of a module installed on a surface; Figure 3 is a perspective view of a rail in accordance with the present invention; Figure 4 is an end view of a rail in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 is a top view of a rail in accordance with the present invention; Figure 6 is a side view of a rail in accordance with the present invention; 00 Figure 7 shows additional end views of a rail in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8 shows a front view of clamps in accordance with the present invention; Figure 9 shows a blown up view of the fin of a clamp as C noted in Figure 8; o00 Figure 10 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the C clamp; and Figure 11 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the clamp.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Briefly, the present invention provides a system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface. The invention includes one or more dual track rails and one or more unique clamps that may be interconnected to a footing grid.

Figure 1 illustrates the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface in an operative environment. As shown, the present invention is an apparatus for removably and adjustably mounting one or more photovoltaic modules on a surface such as a roof.

Referring initially to Figure 1, the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface is shown and generally designated The system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface, according to the present invention, includes at least one rail 12. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one rail 12 is formed of extruded aluminum, but the material used is not a material consideration to the present invention. As shown perhaps best by crossreference between Figures 3-7, at least one rail 12 is formed with at least two tracks 14a,b. Both of the at least two tracks 14a,b include a channel 16a,b, perhaps best shown in Figures 3 and 4, extending the length of at 00 1least one rail 12 substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of at 0 least one rail 12. Each channel 16a,b in the at least two tracks 14a,b is formed with a slot 18. Slot 18 extends the length of at least one rail 12 substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of at least one rail 12.

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, slot 18a in channel c1 16a of at least one rail 12 is formed substantially at a right angle A to slot 00 18b in any other of at least two tracks 14a,b, as shown diagrammatically c1 in Figure 3. As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 7, the at least one rail 12 is formed with a body 20. Body 20 has a proximal end 22, a distal end 24, and a hollow chamber 26 between proximal end 22 and distal end 24 of body 20. Hollow chamber 26 contributes to the light weight yet structural rigidity of the at least one rail, and therefore to its ease of handling during installation of system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one rail 12 also is formed with opposing sides 28a,b and opposing shoulders As further shown in Figure 3, body 20 includes channel 16b formed in opposing side 28b for slidably engaging the rail on hardware described below. Channel 16b is formed with slot 18b extending along the longitudinal axis of at least one rail 12. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, slot 18a also includes opposing jaws 32a,b monolithically protruding from slot 18 substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first channel 16. Body 20 further includes channel 16a.

Channel 16a is formed in opposing shoulder 30a as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Channel 16a also contributes, in combination with channel 16b, to making at least one rail 12 slidably engageable with the one or more footings 36. As will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, channel 16a and channel 16b enable the at least one rail 12 to be slidably engageable with one or more footings 36.

00 r -11- _As also shown by cross-reference among Figures 8-11, a 0 system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface also includes one or more clamps 34. As shown best by reference to Figures 8 and 10, one or more clamps 34 is formed as a duct 42. Duct 42 includes at least two opposing flanges 44. Opposing flanges 44 of one c or more clamps 34 are substantially parallel to one another. One or more 00oo clamps 34 may also be described as formed with a plate 46 and cI monolithic opposing side walls 48 extending substantially in the same direction at substantially right angles B from plate 46. Opposing side walls 48 include a lower inner edge 50 and an upper face 52. A fin 54 extends from upper face 52 substantially along the longitudinal axis of one or more clamps 34a. One or more clamps 34 also includes at least one hole 56 through plate 46 for securing one or more clamps 34 as described -below.

In an alternative embodiment of one or more clamps 34, one or more clamps 34 is formed with a leg 58 having a base 60 as shown best in Figure 11. From base 60 of leg 58 a descending member 62 monolithically extends from base 60. In addition, from base 60 of leg 58 an ascending member 64 monolithically extends from base 60 in a direction substantially opposite the direction of descending member 62.

As also shown in Figure 11, one or more clamps 34 include means 66 for connecting base 60 to at least one rail 12. One or more clamps 34 also includes means 70 for variably positioning one or more clamps 34 in channel 16 of at least one rail 12.

Figure 1 also shows a device 68 that may be mounted on surface 40 using the present invention. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, device 68 is a photovoltaic module 68', also shown in Figure 2. Photovoltaic module 68' is formed with an edge 72. In a photovoltaic environment for application of the present invention, edge 72 00 -12holds one or more photovoltaic panels 74. As also shown best in Figures 1 and 2, footing grid 38 includes one or more footings 36. In combination, the one or more footings 36 compose a network of keepers 76. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the network of keepers 76 is L-shaped and constructed of metal. Neither the shape nor material of the keepers 76 is a material limitation of the present invention.

00oo SEach of keepers 76 may be fastened to surface 40. If surface 40 is a roof cl of a building, keepers 76 may be attached to surface 40 by inserting lag bolts (not shown) through keepers 76 into rafters 78 beneath surface Once installed, keepers 76 form a grid, as shown in Figure 1, on which at least one rail 12 of the present invention is removably connectable.

Using the principal embodiment of the present invention, in operation one or more clamps 34 are variably positionable not only on at least one rail 12, but also on footing grid 38 for demountably securing.

module 68' to footing grid 38, as shown by reference to Figure 1. As shown in Figure 9, a preferred embodiment of fin 54 includes a serrated surface 55 that grips edge 72 of module 68' with significant torsional rigidity, but because of the use of conventional hardware for attaching one or more clamps 34 to edge 72 of module 68', one or more clamps 34 are quickly and safely repositionable. As further shown in Figure 1, channel 16a, during installation, may be slidably engaged with at least one rail 12 and to footing grid 38. As shown in Figure 4, slot 18 includes opposing jaws 32 monolithically protruding from slot 18 substantially along the longitudinal axis of channel 16a. Jaws 32 contribute to making one or more clamps 34 slidable and removably engageable, and therefore allow the present invention to be not only mounted, but reconfigured on surface 40. Channel 16b also contributes, in combination with first channel 16a, to making at least one rail 12 slidably engageable, and repositionable, with one or more clamps 34. As will be apparent to 00 S-13a person skilled in the art, channel 16a and channel 16b enable at least one rail 12 to be slidable engageable with not only one or more clamps 34, but also with footers 36 comprising footing grid 38.

While the system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface 40 as shown in drawing figures 1 through 11 is one 00 embodiment of the present invention, it is only one such embodiment of 00 Sthe invention, is not intended to be exclusive, and is not a limitation of the N present invention. The particular system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface as shown and disclosed in detail in this instrument is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages stated, but this disclosure is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and no limitations are intended in connection with the details of construction, design or composition other than as provided and described in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A system for removably and adjustably mounting a device O (68) on a surface characterized by: a rail (12) formed with at least two tracks (14) and further characterized in that the at least two tracks (14) are removably mountable on a footing grid (38); Sa plurality of keepers (76) on which to mount the at least 00 two tracks and further characterized in that the at least.two tracks include Sa channel (16) extending the length of the rail and one or more clamps (34) for connecting the system to the surface

2. A system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface as recited in claim 1, characterized by a slot (18) also extending the length of the rail and in that the slot in one of the at least two tracks (14) is formed at substantially a right angle to the slot (18) in any other of the at least two tracks and in that the rail (12) is formed with a body having a proximal end a distal end and a hollow chamber (26) therebetween.

3. A system for removably and adjustably mounting a device on a surface as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the one or more clamps (34) is formed as a duct (42) with at least two opposing flanges (44), and in that the opposing flanges of the one or more clamps (34) are substantially parallel to one another, and/or in that the one or more clamps (34) is formed with a leg (58) having a base a descending member (62) monolithically extending from the base, and an ascending member (64) monolithically extending from the base (60) in a direction substantially opposite the direction of the descending member and further includes means (56, 66) for connecting the device to the rail.

4. An apparatus for positioning a module (68) on a surface characterized by: 00 a footing grid wherein the footing grid includes-at least one keeper (76) and further characterized by means Sfor variably positioning the at least one dual track rail (12) on the at least one deeper(76); at least one dual track rail (12) removably 00mountable on the footing grid and 00 Sone or more clainps (34) variably positionable on Sthe dual track rail (12) and footing grid (38) for demountably securing the module (68) to the footing grid.

An apparatus for positioning a module on a surface as recited in claim 4, characterized in that the at least one dual track rail (12) includes a body (20) having a proximal end a distal end a hollow chamber (26) between the proximal end and distal end, opposing sides and opposing shoulders and further characterized in that the body (20) further includes a first channel (16) formed in one of the opposing shoulders (30) for slidably engaging the rail (12) to the footing grid and characterized in that in that the first channel (16) is formed with a slot (18) extending along the longitudinal axis of the dual track rail, and further includes opposing jaws (32) monolithically protruding from the slot (18) substantially along the longitudinal axis of the first channel and further characterized in that the body (20) further includes a second channel (16) formed in one of the opposing shoulders (30) for slidably engaging the rail (12) on the one or more clamps (34). 00 -16-

6. An apparatus for positioning a module on a surface as recited in claim 4, characterized in that the one or more clamps (34) is formed with a plate (46) and monolithic opposing side walls (48) extending substantially in the same direction at substantially right angles from the plate and in that the opposing side walls (48) o00 include a lower inner edge (50) and an upper face and a fin (54) extending from the upper face, and further includes means (70) for Nvariably positioning the one or more clamps (34) in the second channel and for positioning the at least one keeper (76) in the first channel (16) of the at least one dual track rail (12).

7. An apparatus for positioning a module on a surface as recited in claim 4, characterized in that the one or more clamps (34) is formed with at least one hole (56) through the plate (46) for securing the clamp on the at least one dual track rail and further includes a leg (58) having a base a descending member (62) monolithically extending from the base, and an ascending member (64) monolithically extending from the base in a direction opposite the ascending member (64) and further includes a projecting distally longitudinal fin (54) extending from the second side in the direction opposite the ascending member, and in that the base (60) is formed with at least one hole (66) through the base.