AU2007212481A1 - Method for electrolytic production of titanium and other metal powders - Google Patents
Method for electrolytic production of titanium and other metal powders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2007212481A1 AU2007212481A1 AU2007212481A AU2007212481A AU2007212481A1 AU 2007212481 A1 AU2007212481 A1 AU 2007212481A1 AU 2007212481 A AU2007212481 A AU 2007212481A AU 2007212481 A AU2007212481 A AU 2007212481A AU 2007212481 A1 AU2007212481 A1 AU 2007212481A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- cathode
- metal
- anode
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KELHQGOVULCJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=C(C)O1 KELHQGOVULCJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C5/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses
- C25C5/04—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metal powders or porous metal masses from melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/129—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066 TITLE CATHODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM AND OTHER METAL POWDERS 5 CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/765,560, filed February 6, 2006 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 10 Disclosed herein are electrolytic cells comprising cathodes having a non-uniform current distribution and methods of use thereof for the production of titanium and other multi-valence and high (2 or more) valence metals, in particular refractory metals such as, for example, chromium, hafnium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, vanadium, 15 and zirconium. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The simplest electrolytic cell for use in electrowinning metals consists of at least two electrodes and a molten electrolyte. The electrode at which the electron producing oxidation reaction occurs is the anode. 20 The electrode at which an electron consuming reduction reaction occurs is the cathode. The direction of the electron flow in the circuit is always from anode to cathode. Metal particles are removed from solid cathodes by force of gravity or forced fluid flow across the face of the cathode. If the metal particles 25 grow too large or strongly stick to the surface of the cathode, the particles are difficult to dislodge and collect. Other levers that people have found to control particle size and morphology include: 1. feedstock concentration, 2. temperature, 3. electrolyte composition including special additives, and 4. current density. 30 Thus, there remains a need to control metal particle size via cathode design. It an objective herein to design electrolytic cells to produce powders fulfilling these needs through cathode design and fluid 1 WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066 flow which control the cross-sectional area and height of particles growing from the surface of the cathode. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One aspect is for electrolytic cell comprising a cathode having a 5 non-uniform current distribution. A further aspect is for a method of controlling the morphology of a metal product in an electrolytic cell comprising the steps of (a)providing an electrolytic cell comprising a molten electrolyte, a cathode having a non uniform current distribution in contact with the molten electrolyte, and an 10 anode in contact with the molten electrolyte; (b) providing a metal compound to the electrolyte; and (c) applying either a fixed voltage or a fixed current across the anode and the cathode thereby depositing metal on the cathode. Other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled 15 in the art upon reference to the detailed description that hereinafter follows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Applicants specifically incorporate the entire content of all cited references in this disclosure. Further, when an amount, concentration, or 20 other value or parameter is given as either a range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. 25 Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific values recited when defining a range. 30 The disclosure herein, while relating in particular to the production of titanium from a titanium oxide, is also applicable to the production of titanium from other titanium compounds as well as for the production of other metal compounds such as, for example, chromium, hafnium, 2 WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066 molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, vanadium, or zirconium from, for example, the respective oxides, halides, nitrides, or sulfides. Cathode design is used to aid in controlling the cross-sectional area of electrodepositing metal particles by controlling the lines of constant 5 potential parallel to the face of the cathode surface. Isopotential lines will be parallel to the contour of the surface of the electrode and current distribution will be orthogonal or perpendicular to these lines and with metal deposition rates proportional to current density, the areas of highest current density will have the largest metal deposition rates. Furthermore, 10 current density is highest where the distance between cathode and anode is shortest so as particles grow from the cathode, current densities at the tip of the growing particles are highest. One embodiment for producing this non-uniform current distribution relates to a cathode comprising a wire mesh screen. If a screen is used to 15 control particle cross-sectional area, particles can only grow where there is metal mesh, so, for example if the mesh is 100 microns across, the cross sectional area of the particles formed will have an average cross-section of 100 microns. Similarly various other cathode sizes, shapes, and designs can be used to achieve the same non-uniform current distribution 20 effect. For example, additional useful cathode designs include, but are not limited to, bristles, cones, rods, combinations thereof, and combinations with mesh screens. The height to which particles can grow from the cathode surface can be controlled by adjusting the electrolyte flowrate so the fluid would 25 shear particles as they form to the desired height. Alternatively, mechanical means can be used to dislodge the particles as they grow toward the anode, for example, vibration. Gas blowers can also be used to dislodge the particles. There are preferred particle size ranges, particle aspect ratio 30 ranges and particle morphologies preferred for each powder metallurgical processing method used to make various forms of-metal parts. For example, in metal injection molding using small parts, symmetric spherical powders with particles less than 45 microns are preferred. In press and 3 WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066 sintering, 45 to 150 micron asymmetric powder particles with aspect ratios of >1.5 are preferred. Those who desire to make thin sheet from powder prefer asymmetric particles with large aspect ratios and can tolerate wide size distributions above 45 microns. 5 Anodes useful in standard electrolytic cells can be utilized in an electrolytic cell containing a cathode having a non-uniform current distribution. For example, carbon anodes, inert dimensionally stable anodes, or a gas diffusion anodes fed with a combustible gas are all useful in electrolytic cells containing a cathode having a non-uniform current 10 distribution. Other useful anodes include consumable anodes containing a compound of the metal, such as titanium, to be deposited at the cathode. Consumable anodes are known in the art and an example of a suitable consumable anode is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,722,509 which is incorporated herein by reference. One anode or multiple anodes can be 15 employed. In one embodiment, the anode can be a molten metal anode as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0121333, incorporated herein by reference. Typically, the metal compound to be electrowon is a metal oxide, for example titanium oxide or titanium dioxide. It is also possible, 20 however, to electrowin a metal from other metal compounds that are not oxides. These compounds include, for example, halides such as, e.g., TiCI 3 , nitrides such as, e.g., titanium nitride, and carbides such as, e.g., titanium carbide. The metal compound may be in the form of a rod, sheet or other artifact. If the metal compound is in the form of swarf or 25 particulate matter, it may be held in a mesh basket. In another embodiment, the metal compound can also be solubilized in the electrolyte, optionally with the assistance of standard solubilizers. By using more than one metal compound, it is possible to produce an alloy. The metal compounds for alloy production may be incorporated 30 into the molten electrolyte simultaneously, added stepwise, or in any other manner as is necessary to produce the desired alloy. For example, an alloy of Ti--Al--V can be produced by mixing aluminum oxide, vanadium oxide, and TiO 2 in the electrolyte thereby to produce an alloy of Ti--Al--V in 4 WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066 the molten zinc cathode. The E 0 and current density should be adjusted to deposit precise composition alloy particles. The electrolyte consists of salts which are preferably more stable than the equivalent salts of the metal which is being deposited. Using 5 salts with a low melting point, it is possible to use mixtures if a fused salt melting at a lower temperature is required, e.g. by utilizing a eutectic or near-eutectic mixture. It is also advantageous to have, as an electrolyte, a salt with as wide a difference between the melting and boiling points, since this gives a wide operating temperature without excessive vaporization. 10 Exemplary electrolytes include, but are not limited to, metal fluorides, metal chlorides, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the level of metal compound provided to the molten electrolyte is continuously adjusted in order to insure continuous operating electrolysis. 15 All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the 20 compositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents which are chemically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be 25 achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 5
Claims (11)
1. A method of controlling the morphology of a titanium-containing product in an electrolytic cell comprising the steps of: 5 (a) providing an electrolytic cell comprising a molten electrolyte, a cathode having a non-uniform current distribution in contact with the molten electrolyte, and an anode in contact with the molten electrolyte; (b) providing a titanium-containing compound to the molten 10 electrolyte; and (c) applying either a fixed voltage or a fixed current across the anode and the cathode thereby depositing a metal comprising titanium on the cathode.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising during or after step (c) the 15 further step of removing the titanium from the cathode when the metal attains a morphology suitable for powder metallurgical applications.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the removing step is accomplished by fluid flow, vibration, or blown gas.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal is a low aspect ratio 20 powder with a particle size of less than 45 microns.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the metal is asymmetric powder particle with a particle size in a range of from 45 to 150 micron.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the asymmetric powder particle has an aspect ratio of greater than 1.5. 25
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cathode is wire mesh, bristles, rods, or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal is titanium.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is accomplished by adding the titanium-containing compound to the molten electrolyte. 30
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the titanium-containing compound is titanium monoxide or titanium dioxide. 6 WO 2007/092398 PCT/US2007/003066
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the anode is a consumable anode and the titanium-containing compound is a component of the consumable anode which is provided to the molten electrolyte 5 7
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76556006P | 2006-02-06 | 2006-02-06 | |
| US60/765,560 | 2006-02-06 | ||
| PCT/US2007/003066 WO2007092398A2 (en) | 2006-02-06 | 2007-02-06 | Method for electrolytic production of titanium and other metal powders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2007212481A1 true AU2007212481A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
Family
ID=38345718
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007212481A Abandoned AU2007212481A1 (en) | 2006-02-06 | 2007-02-06 | Method for electrolytic production of titanium and other metal powders |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090045070A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1982006A2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2007212481A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007092398A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB201208698D0 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-06-27 | Metalysis Ltd | Electrolytic method,apparatus and product |
| WO2018096769A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Titanium plating solution production method and titanium plated product production method |
| AU2017371918A1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-07-04 | Clean Resources PTE. LTD. | Recovery of gold and silver from precious metals-containing solids |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1066602A (en) * | 1951-11-23 | 1954-06-08 | Ici Ltd | Metal fabrication upgrades |
| US2722509A (en) * | 1952-11-12 | 1955-11-01 | Horizons Titanium Corp | Production of titanium |
| US2974092A (en) * | 1955-12-16 | 1961-03-07 | Horizons Titanium Corp | Production of titanium |
| DE1115033B (en) * | 1958-03-19 | 1961-10-12 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Process for the production of titanium by fused-salt electrolysis |
| US2975111A (en) * | 1958-03-19 | 1961-03-14 | New Jersey Zinc Co | Production of titanium |
| US3030753A (en) * | 1958-04-10 | 1962-04-24 | Koppers Co Inc | Rapper |
| AU419537B2 (en) * | 1966-08-26 | 1971-12-03 | Titanium Metals Corporation Of America | Electrolytic cell |
| US3860509A (en) * | 1973-02-20 | 1975-01-14 | Envirotech Corp | Continuous electrowinning cell |
| US4655825A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1987-04-07 | Occidental Research Corporation | Metal powder and sponge and processes for the production thereof |
| US5102451A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1992-04-07 | Dynamet Technology, Inc. | Titanium aluminide/titanium alloy microcomposite material |
| US6832735B2 (en) * | 2002-01-03 | 2004-12-21 | Nanoproducts Corporation | Post-processed nanoscale powders and method for such post-processing |
| GB9812169D0 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1998-08-05 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Purification method |
| AUPR317201A0 (en) * | 2001-02-16 | 2001-03-15 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Extraction of Metals |
| AUPR443801A0 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2001-05-17 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Removal of oxygen from metal oxides and solid metal solutions |
| AUPR602901A0 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2001-07-26 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Removal of oxygen from metals oxides and solid metal solutions |
| AUPR712101A0 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2001-09-06 | Bhp Innovation Pty Ltd | Process for manufacture of titanium products |
| JP2005510630A (en) * | 2001-11-22 | 2005-04-21 | キューアイティー−フェル エ チタン インク． | Method for electrowinning titanium metal or alloy from titanium oxide containing compound in liquid state |
| AUPS117002A0 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2002-04-18 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Minimising carbon transfer in an electrolytic cell |
| GB0222382D0 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2002-11-06 | Qinetiq Ltd | Improved process for removing oxygen from metal oxides by electrolysis in a fused salt |
| AU2002952181A0 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2002-11-07 | Intec Ltd | Electrolysis process and cell for use in same |
| US6958115B2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Low temperature refining and formation of refractory metals |
| US7410562B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2008-08-12 | Materials & Electrochemical Research Corp. | Thermal and electrochemical process for metal production |
| CN1664173A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2005-09-07 | 北京科技大学 | A method for preparing titanium sponge by molten salt electrolysis of titanium dioxide |
-
2007
- 2007-02-06 WO PCT/US2007/003066 patent/WO2007092398A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-06 EP EP07763287A patent/EP1982006A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-06 AU AU2007212481A patent/AU2007212481A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-02-06 US US12/162,402 patent/US20090045070A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007092398A2 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| US20090045070A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
| WO2007092398A3 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
| EP1982006A2 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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