Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT ORIGINAL Name of Applicant: Hsieh-Hsing Lin Actual Inventor: Hsieh-Hsing Lin Address for Service: C/- MADDERNS, 1st Floor, 64 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Invention title: POSITIONING DEVICE FOR DENTAL IMPLANT The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me. I PatAU132 l a POSITIONING DEVICE FOR DENTAL IMPLANT 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a positioning device for a dental implant, and especially to a positioning device for conveniently making a resin guide 5 bridge and accurately positioning a dental implant in a dental model and a jawbone in a patient's mouth. 2. Description of the Related Art Making an artificial tooth in place of a person's damaged tooth is a conventional treatment. However, the conventional treatment has following 10 disadvantages: 1. When a single damaged tooth is extracted and replaced with an artificial tooth, grinding the adjacent natural teeth is necessary so the ground teeth may be used as two supports to hold the artificial tooth. However, the adjacent natural teeth are injured when ground. To avoid the injury to the 15 adjacent natural teeth, a denture may be fixed by metal clasps hooking the adjacent teeth. However, the exposed metal clasps may disfigure the appearance of the teeth. 2. When multiple damaged teeth are replaced with a denture having multiple artificial teeth, few remaining natural teeth support the denture. These 20 remaining natural teeth are pressed strongly when a user chews food and grits the teeth and therefore injure the gums and periodontal tissue . To avoid the disadvantages of the conventional dental treatment, dental implantation is used to substitute for the treatment. With reference Figs. 22 and 31, a method of dental implantation is drilling a bone cavity (623A) in an 2 edentulous place of the jawbone (6A) out of which a damaged tooth removed in a patient's mouth by drilling the edentulous place of the jawbone (6A). Next, a dental implant (64A) made of titanium is inserted into the bone cavity (623A) and the wound of the bone cavity (623A) in the jawbone is sutured. After the 5 fixture is integrated, an abutment (65A) screwed on the dental implant (64A) and then a crown (66A) put on the abutment (65A). Since the dental implant (64A) and the abutment (65A) support the crown (66A), the crown (66A) can sustain the force of occlusion. The depth for which the dental implant (64A) is inserted into the 10 jawbone and the position in which the dental implant (64A) is located is critical to succeed in the fixed dental implantation. The correct arrangement of the dental implant (64A) is not only the position but also the angulation of the bone cavity (623A) opposite to the upper tooth or the lower tooth so a top (661 A) of the crown (66A) fits the corresponding tooth. If the position or the angulation of 15 the bone cavity (623A) is inaccurate, the crown (66A) will not fit the corresponding tooth. The bone cavity must precisely correspond to the dental implant. When the bone cavity is too small, the dental implant cannot be inserted into the bone cavity. When the bone cavity is overlarge, the dental implant cannot be 20 positioned securely in the bone cavity. Therefore, a multiple sets of drills and resin guide bridges are used to enlarge the bone cavity step by step. With reference to Figs. 23 to 25 and 29, a dentist drills a first hole (62) in an edentulous place of a dental model (6) and inserts a first post (7) into the first hole (62). Wax or gypsum is filled in the gap of the teeth to block out the 3 undercut. Then resin is coated on the edentulous place (61) and covers teeth adjacent to the edentulous place (61) to form a first resin guide bridge (8) with a first through hole (81). After the resin hardens, the dentist replaces the first post (7) with a first guide tube (9). The first guide tube (9) is longer than the through 5 hole (81). A diameter of the first guide tube (9) corresponds to a diameter of a first drill bit (101) of a drilling device (10). With reference to Figs. 26 to 28, the dentist drills a hole (62) again to enlarge the first hole (62) in sequent to form a fourth hole (623) and manufactures a fourth resin guide bridge (8C) to obtain the multiple sets of the 10 resin guide bridge (8, 8C) and guide tube (9, 93). With reference to Figs. 29 and 30, the dentist puts the first resin guide bridge (8) with the first guide tube (9) on an edentulous place (61A) and adjacent teeth on a patient's jawbone (6A). Because an inner surface of the first resin guide bridge (9) corresponds to the edentulous place (61 A) and the adjacent teeth, 15 the first guide tube (9) is precisely located in a point which will be drilled to form a bone cavity (62) later. The dentist then drills the first bone cavity (62A) by the drilling device (10) with the first drill bit (101). Then the dentist takes away the first resin guide bridge (9) and puts a second resin guide bridge to enlarge the bone cavity with a second drill bit. A fourth resin guide bridge (8C) is put on the 20 edentulous place (61A) and the teeth on the patient's jawbone (6A) to drill a fourth bone cavity (623A) by a fourth drill bit (104) through a fourth guide tube (93), so the dental implant can be inserted into the bone cavity. However, the above method for implanting the dental implant has following disadvantages: 4 1. A drill bit of a drilling device must move over the bridge to follow the guide tube so that the patient needs to open mouth wider. A patient with a small mouth or having a damaged tooth in the posterior area suffers greatly from excessively opening his mouth to place the drilling device into the mouth. 5 2. The dentist needs to stop drilling the bone cavity to measure the depth of the bone cavity. 3. Manufacture of the resin guide bridge is complex because the dentist needs to repeatedly drill the hole and insert the different size of the posts into the holes to manufacture the resin guide bridge. 10 4.Lacks of outer irrigation may cause the temperature elevated, thus impacted the osteointegration of the implant. The objective of the present invention is to provide a positioning device for dental implant that can be conveniently to form a resin guide bridge and accurately positioning dental implant in a dental model and a jawbone in a 15 patient's mouth. To achieve the foregoing objective, a positioning device for a dental implant in accordance with the present invention has a post and multiple guides. The post is cylindrical and has a diameter corresponding to a diameter of a hole in a dental model. The guides are mounted detachably on the post and are semi 20 tubular tabs and each guide has an inner concave, an inner diameter, and an outer diameter. The guides are mounted concentrically one another. Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
5 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a positioning device for a dental implant in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a dental model with a hole corresponding to the positioning device in Fig. 1; 5 Fig. 3 is an operational perspective view of the dental model with a post of the positioning device in Fig. 1 inserted into the hole in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an operational perspective view of a first guide attached to the post of the positioning device on the dental model in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an operational perspective view of a second guide attached to 10 the first guide of the positioning device in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an operational perspective view of a third guide and a fourth guide attached sequentially to the second guide of the positioning device in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a top view of the dental model coated with resin adjacent to the 15 guides of the positioning device to form a resin guide bridge in Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is an operational perspective view of the resin guide bridge and the positioning device in Fig. 7 with the post removed; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a fourth guide of the positioning device in Fig. 1 with multiple holes; 20 Fig. 10 is an operational perspective view of the resin guide bridge with the guides of the positioning device put on a patient's jawbone; Fig. 11 is an operational perspective view of a drilling device drilling a bone cavity in a patient's jawbone in Fig. 10 through the first guide of the positioning device on the resin guide bridge; 6 Fig. 12 is an operational perspective view of the patient's jawbone with the finished bone cavity corresponding to the first guide of the positioning device in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is an operational perspective view of the drilling device 5 enlarging the bone cavity on a patient's jawbone through a fourth guide of the positioning device in Fig. 10; Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a first guide attached to the post of the positioning device in Fig. 4; Fig. 15 is an operational perspective view of the dental model coated 10 with resin in Fig. 14 adjacent to the first guide of the positioning device to form a first resin guide bridge; Fig. 16 is an operational perspective view of the resin guide bridge separating from the post and the first guide of the positioning device in Fig. 15; Fig. 17 is an operational top view of the dental model coated with resin 15 adjacent to the second guide of the positioning device to form a second resin guide bridge; Fig. 18 is an operational perspective view of the dental model coated with resin adjacent to the fourth guides to form a fourth resin guide bridge; Fig. 19 is an operational exploded perspective view of a drilling device 20 drilling a bone cavity on a patient's jawbone through the first guide of the positioning device; Fig. 20 is an operational perspective view of the patient's jawbone with the finished bone cavity corresponding to the first guide of the positioning device in Fig. 19; 7 Fig. 21 is an operational perspective view of the drilling device enlarging the bone cavity on a patient's jawbone in Fig. 20 through the fourth guide of the positioning device; Fig. 22 is an operational exploded perspective view of a patient's 5 jawbone with dental implants in accordance with the prior art; Fig. 23 is a perspective view of a dental model with first hole; Fig. 24 is a perspective view of the dental model with a post inserted into the hole in Fig. 23; Fig. 25 is a perspective view of the dental model in Fig. 24; coated with 10 resin to form a first resin guide bridge; Fig. 26 is an exploded perspective view of a first placement resin guide bridge with a first guide tube; Fig. 27 is a perspective view of the dental model in Fig. 24 coated with resin to form a fourth resin guide bridge; 15 Fig. 28 is an exploded perspective view of the fourth resin guide bridge and a fourth guide tube; Fig. 29 is an operational perspective view of the first resin guide bridge put on a patient's jawbone in Fig. 22; Fig. 30 is an operational perspective view of the fourth resin guide 20 bridge put on a patient's jawbone in Fig. 29; and Fig. 31 is an operational perspective view of the patient's jawbone in Fig. 30 with the finished bone cavity. With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a positioning device for a dental implant in accordance with the present invention is used with a dental model (3) having a 8 hole (32) defined in dental model (3). The positioning device comprises a post (1) and multiple guides (21, 22, 23, 24). The post (1) is cylindrical, comprises a diameter and may be made of magnetic material or permeable material. The diameter of the post (1) 5 corresponds to a diameter of the hole (32) in the dental model (3). The guides (21, 22, 23, 24) are semi-tubular tabs, made of magnetic material and each guide(21, 22, 23, 24) comprises an inner concave, an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The guides(21, 22, 23, 24) are mounted detachably on the post (1) concentrically abuts one another according to their 10 sizes. The inner diameter of an innermost guide (21) corresponds to the diameter of the post (1). The outer diameter of an inner one of any adjacent two of the guides (21, 22, 23, 24) corresponds to the inner diameter of an outer one of the adjacent two of the guides (21, 22, 23, 24). An outermost guide (24) may have at least one mounting hole (241) transversely defined through the outermost guide 15 (24) as shown in Fig. 9. In a preferred embodiment, the guides (21, 22, 23, 24) may have a first guide (21), a second guide (22), a third guide (23) and a fourth guide (24). With reference to Figs. 2 and 3, a dental implantation is implemented with the positioning device. A dentist drills the hole (32) in an edentulous place 20 (31) of the dental model (3) and inserts the post (1) into the hole (32). With further reference to Figs. 4 to 6, the post (1) is inserted into the hole (32) and the first guide (21) is attached to the post (1) so the inner concave of the first guide (21) faces outside the dental model (3). After positioning the first guide (21), the second guide (22) is attached to the first guide (21), the third guide (23) is 9 attached to the second guide (22) and so on. Number of the guides (21, 22, 23, 24) matches number of times that a bone cavity in a patient's jawbone is drilled. With reference to Figs. 7 and 8, wax or gypsum is filled in gaps between the teeth and grooves over the occlusal surface. Then, the dental model (3) is 5 coated with resin on the edentulous place (31) and the teeth thereof to form a resin guide bridge (4) with an outside recess (41) which the post (1), the first guide (21), the second guide (22), the third guide (23) and the fourth guide (24) correspond to. After the resin is setting, a semi-tubular surface (42) is formed on the resin guide bridge (4) and corresponds to the post (1) with the guides (21, 22, 10 23, 24). The semi-tubular surface (42) can be coated with viscose to stick to the fourth guide (24) or bonded through the retention holes. With further reference to Fig. 9, the partially resin is filled into the mounting holes (241) in the fourth guide (24) so that the resin guide bridge (4) is combined securely with the fourth guide (24). Then the post (1) is removed from the resin guide bridge (4). 15 With reference to Figs. 10 to 13, the resin guide bridge (4) with the first guide (21), the second guide (22), the third guide (23) and the fourth guide (24) puts on an edentulous place (31A) and adjacent teeth over the jawbone (3A). Because an inner surface of the resin guide bridge (4) corresponds to the edentulous place (31 A) and the teeth thereof, the first guide (21) precisely points 20 to a target on the jawbone (3A) which will be drilled later. A dentist can drill the jawbone (3A) along the first guide (21) to form the first bone cavity (32A) by a drilling device (5) with a first drill bit (51). Then the dentist removes the first guide (21) to expose the second guide (22) and drills and enlarges the bone cavity (3A) along the second guide (22) by an second drill bit having a diameter 10 larger than that of the first drill bit (51). The dentist repetitively drills the bone cavity (32A) with different drill bits having increased diameters until the bone cavity (32D) is great enough to receive the dental implant (64A). Another dental implantation with the positioning device is described 5 hereinafter. With reference to Fig. 14, the dentist drills the hole (32) in the edentulous place (31) in the dental model and inserts the post (1) into the hole (32). The first guide (21) is attached to the post (1) with the inner concave of the first guide (21) facing outside the dental model (3). 10 With reference to Figs. 15 and 16, wax or gypsum is filled into the gap of the teeth. Then the dental model (3) is coated with resin on the edentulous place (33) and the teeth of the dental model (3) to form a first resin guide bridge (4A) with an outside recess (41A) corresponding to the post (1) and the first guide (21). After the resin hardens, a semi-tubular surface is formed on the first resin guide 15 bridge (4A) and corresponds to the post (1) and the first guide (21). Then the dentist takes the first resin guide bridge (4A) away from the dental model (3) and removes the post (1) and the first guide (21) from the first resin guide bridge (4A). With further reference to Figs. 17 and 18, the post (1) with the first guide 20 (21) inserts into the hole (32) again. The second guide (22) is attached to the first guide (21) to manufacture a second resin guide bridge (4B) by the same means used to manufacture the first resin guide bridge (4A). Then the first guide (21), the second guide (22), the third guide (23) and the fourth guide (24) are mounted respectively in corresponding resin guide bridges (4A, 4B, 4D).
11 With reference to Figs. 19 to 21, the dentist puts the first resin guide bridge (4A) with the first guide (21) on the patient's jawbone (3A) and drill the bone cavity (32A). The dentist repetitively drills and enlarges the bone cavity (32A) by replacing the resin guide bridge (4B, 4D) and the drill bit until the bone 5 cavity (32D) is great enough to receive the dental implant (64A). The present invention has following advantages: 1. The drill bit of the drilling device can horizontally move into the outside recess to drill a bone cavity according to the guides. Therefore, the drill needn't move over the resin guide bridge to drill a bone cavity according to the 10 guides. So a patient with a small mouth or being treated in the posterior place does not have to excessively open his mouth when experiencing the dental implantation. Therefore, the patient suffers less pain and pressure during the period of the dental implantation. 2. The dentist can directly look at the drill bit in the outside recess to 15 identify the depth of the bone cavity. 3. Manufacture of the resin guide bridge is simple because the dentist needn't repeatedly drill the holes and insert the different size of the posts into the holes to manufacture the resin guide bridges. 4. In dental clinics, using single resin guide bridge and multiple guides to 20 complete surgery is convenient. 5.Owing to the opening device of the guide, the external irrigation can be done during drilling. Thus preventing bone necrosis from over heating.