AU2005100064A4 - Device for the detection of clandestine ricin preparations - Google Patents
Device for the detection of clandestine ricin preparations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2005100064A4 AU2005100064A4 AU2005100064A AU2005100064A AU2005100064A4 AU 2005100064 A4 AU2005100064 A4 AU 2005100064A4 AU 2005100064 A AU2005100064 A AU 2005100064A AU 2005100064 A AU2005100064 A AU 2005100064A AU 2005100064 A4 AU2005100064 A4 AU 2005100064A4
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- dry
- ricin
- moisture
- ricinine
- protected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 108010039491 Ricin Proteins 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title 1
- PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinine Chemical compound COC=1C=CN(C)C(=O)C=1C#N PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FLCWJWNCSHIREG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1C=O FLCWJWNCSHIREG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WZSDWSACAGBYQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylprop-2-enal Chemical compound CN(C)C(C=O)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WZSDWSACAGBYQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DGPBVJWCIDNDPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C=O DGPBVJWCIDNDPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- KNUPSOXBESCJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1-phenylhexan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCC(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KNUPSOXBESCJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ALJHHTHBYJROOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2SC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 ALJHHTHBYJROOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylhexyl salicylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O FMRHJJZUHUTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NPYWBTRFOVOZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.N.[Ce+4] Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.N.[Ce+4] NPYWBTRFOVOZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-ol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YXVFYQXJAXKLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- -1 chloroamine-T Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- INDBQWVYFLTCFF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Co+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N INDBQWVYFLTCFF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- RBLWMQWAHONKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyazanium Chemical compound O[NH3+] RBLWMQWAHONKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940077844 iodine / potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001679 octinoxate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003921 octisalate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007793 ph indicator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- FJWLWIRHZOHPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;hydroiodide Chemical compound [K].I FJWLWIRHZOHPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N safranin Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=C(N)C(C)=CC2=NC2=CC(C)=C(N)C=C2[N+]=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000920330 Alexeter Species 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002642 cobra venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPTION
Ricin is a complex protien, extracted from the castor bean or from the ?wet mash? by-product produced by crushing and extracting castor oil from Ricinus Communis. The annual world production of castor oil is 460,000 tons, requiring over 1.1 million tons of seeds and producing 550,000 tons of wet mash. Five percent by weight of the wet mash is ricin. Ricin is 1000 times more poisonous than cyanide, 30 times more potent than the nerve agent VX and 7 times more deadly than cobra venom. It is estimated 1 gram of pure ricin has the potential to kill 36,000 people. In its pure form, an amount no bigger than a grain sand can kill an adult. Ricin can be either a white powder or a colorless, tasteless solution. It is soluble in water, can be aerosolized, and is stable in soil or in the environment for upto three days.
Clandestine ricin extracts also contain the alkaloid Ricinine, a natural biomarker for the presence of the ricin protein.
Ricin threats, real and hoax, cause major disruptions both economically and socially. Biothreat test kits (Osborn Scientific, Alexeter Products, NewHorizons Diag.) and prior art literature detection have drawbacks providing either highly specific and costly immunoassay based technology and highly complex, slow laboratory procedures, extraction, chemical derivatisation, instrumental analysis GC/MS, HPLC/MS).
It would be desirable to have a simple, cheap, single-step, mass produced test device for the presumptive identification of rinin or ricinine, using stabilised protein, alkaloid and nitrile detection reagents.
This invention has been specifically devised to meet such a need, providing a device for first response teams, to determine the potential of a suspicious residue containing both ricin and ricinine.
Disclosed are innovative steps of formulating dry reagent chemicals, moisture UV retarding chemicals and detergent chemicals into a cheap and simple ricin or ricinine single step colorimetric spot test.
In accordance with this invention the device may be manufactured by milling together and homogenising all dry reagents and moisture UV retarding chemicals and detergents to form a fine powder and either pressing said powder into desired article shape tablet) or suspending said powder in a non-aqueous solvent chloroform) which is capable of dissolving the moisture UV retarding chemicals, dipping a solid support paper, plastic, wood) into said liquid suspension, removing solid support and drying, thus producing a dry reagent coated article. The final article needs to retain a smooth, durable, solid surface which can be rubbed with sample swab facilitating colorimetric indications. All chemicals are chosen to enhance sensitivity and shelf life viability, reduce porosity between individual reagent particles, reduce moisture UV degradation and simplify manufacture and end use, while reducing device cost.
In accordance with this invention, the device comprises a simple cotton swab (pre-packaged dry or pre-wetted with water or alcohol) used to collect suspicious residue (solid or liquid) and rubbed onto surface of said device, facilitating a colorimetric indication.
Additionally, inert detergent chemicals may be admixed to said dry reagent formulation to aid mixing of collected sample with dry reagents. This is achieved by lysing and solubilising plant residues allowing interaction with device dry reagents. This is well documented in detergent chemistry.
Claims (4)
1. A dry, moisture UV protected, hand held, in-situ, ricin or ricinine presumptive colorimetric n detection device, which contains only dry reagents, protected against degradation by encapsulation (Ni within moisture UV protective coat, manufactured as a pressed article tablet) or dry coated solid support paper, palstic, wood), with dry and/or wetted (water and/or alcohol) swab (e.g. cotton, rayon) which collects suspicious residues (solid or liquid), transferring said residue to said O device reactive surface and rubbing, which fascilitates mixing of residue sample and dry reagents O producing a presumptive colorimetric indication for ricnin or ricinine, in a ?single-step?. O
2. A dry, moisture UV protected, hand held, in-situ, ricin or ricinine presumptive colorimetric detection device as claimed in 1, wherein the inert moisture UV retarding dry chemicals and mixing aids may be selected from, but not limited to; solid long-chain fatty acids and their salts, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, zinc oxide, octylmethoxycinnamate, butylmethoxybenzoylmethane, octylsalicylate, sodium lauryl sulphate, and be present in the amount of 70-99%
3. A dry, moisture UV protected, hand held, in-situ, ricin or ricinine presumptive colorimetric detection device as claimed in land 2, wherein the dry reagents for colorimetric detection of ricin may be selected from, but not limited to; sodium bisulphate, ammonium bisulphate, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ammonium chloride, dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, diethylaminobenzaldehyde, dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, ninhydrin, bradford, lowery and BCA/biuret reagents, safranine, methylene violet, crystal violet, acid black and be present in the amount of 1 30%
4. A dry, moisture UV protected, hand held, in-situ, ricin or ricinine presumptive colorimetric detection device as claimed in 1- 3, wherein the dry reagents for colorimetric detection of ricinine may be selected from, but not limited to; nesslers reagent, steyn test, fiegl-anger test, ferrous sulphate, hydroxylammonium (N03, S04, Cl) salts, sodium hydroxide and univeral pH indicator, iodine/potassium iodide, dragendorf reagent, potassium iodine plateate, sodium tetraphenylboron, cobalt thiocyanate, chloroamine-T, dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, diethylaminobenzaldehyde, dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, cerium (IV) sulphate, sodium bisulphate, ammonium cerium (IV) sulphate, p-hydroxydiphenyl. 4 A dry, moisture UV protected, hand held, in-situ ricin or ricinine presumptive colorimetric detection device as claimed in 1- 4, wherein all dry materials are milled together to produce a fine homogenous powder which may be pressed into any shape or article tablet) or suspended in any non-aqueous solvent chloroform), which is capable of solubilising only the moisture UV retarding dry chemicals, and coated onto any solid support structure paper, cotton, plastic, wood), producing a final article which provides a solid, smooth, durable reactive surface upon which a swab cotton, rayon, dry and/or pre-wetted with alcohol and/or water) containing the suspicious residue may be applied and rubbed, exposing the dry reagents and mixing dry reagents with suspicious residue, facilitating a colorimetric indication in a single-step.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005100064A AU2005100064A4 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-01-26 | Device for the detection of clandestine ricin preparations |
| EP06704112A EP1844321A1 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Testing device |
| PCT/AU2006/000090 WO2006079167A1 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Testing device |
| AU2006208448A AU2006208448A1 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Testing device |
| US11/883,115 US20090029480A1 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | Testing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005100064A AU2005100064A4 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-01-26 | Device for the detection of clandestine ricin preparations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2005100064A4 true AU2005100064A4 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
Family
ID=34578170
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005100064A Ceased AU2005100064A4 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2005-01-26 | Device for the detection of clandestine ricin preparations |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2005100064A4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10330603B1 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2019-06-25 | Michael D. Callahan | Mass produced, low cost, portable test kit for the detection and identification of chemical and biological agents |
-
2005
- 2005-01-26 AU AU2005100064A patent/AU2005100064A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10330603B1 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2019-06-25 | Michael D. Callahan | Mass produced, low cost, portable test kit for the detection and identification of chemical and biological agents |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGI | Letters patent sealed or granted (innovation patent) | ||
| MK22 | Patent ceased section 143a(d), or expired - non payment of renewal fee or expiry |