AU2003233856B2 - Method for the production of pearl culture grafts - Google Patents
Method for the production of pearl culture grafts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2003233856B2 AU2003233856B2 AU2003233856A AU2003233856A AU2003233856B2 AU 2003233856 B2 AU2003233856 B2 AU 2003233856B2 AU 2003233856 A AU2003233856 A AU 2003233856A AU 2003233856 A AU2003233856 A AU 2003233856A AU 2003233856 B2 AU2003233856 B2 AU 2003233856B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- epithelium
- cutting
- mantle
- strip
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 41
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010984 cultured pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Description
A METHOD OF PREPARING PEARLS CULTURE GRAFTS The invention relates to a method of preparing pearl culture grafts.
In order to prepare so-called "cultured pearls" industrially, a known culture method comprises the steps of cutting a graft from the mantle of a donor oyster and introducing the graft with a nucleus in the gonad pouch of a receiver oyster. After a determined period, generally equal to two years, during which the nucleus is covered in nacre by the receiver oyster, the receiver oyster is opened and the resulting pearl is extracted.
It is also known.that the mantle of an oyster has an outer face covered in an outer epithelium in contact with the shell of the oyster, and an opposite face referred to as an inner face that is covered in an inner epithelium.
It is known that only the cells of the outer epithelium secrete substances that promote the deposition of nacre on the nucleus, and that while the pearl is being cultured, the graft becomes dissociated to form a pearl sac surrounding the nucleus. In this context, it has previously been found that when the inner epithelium is in contact with the nucleus, while the graft and the nucleus are being introduced into the gonad pouch of the donor oyster, the resulting pearl generally presents defects, and it is therefore recommended to put the outer epithelium into contact with the nucleus during insertion into the gonad pouch of the donor oyster. It has even been envisaged that the inner epithelium should be eliminated. However attempts at eliminating the inner epithelium that have been undertaken in the past have led to the simultaneous deterioration of the cells of the outer epithelium, such that the result as finally obtained is not satisfactory.
The present invention is based on observations that have never been made before, whereby firstly the inner epithelium and the outer embodiment are separated by a layer of fibrous tissue, and secondly degradation of the -2- FA cells of the fibrous tissue during culturing of a pearl does not generate defects in the resulting pearl.
SAccording to the invention there is provided method of making pearl culture grafts from a donor oyster with a shell having a mantle extending in contact therewith, the mantle having peripheral ridges and including a layer of fibrous tissue V) having an outer face covered in an outer epithelium and an inner face opposite from 00 M€ the outer face and covered in an inner epithelium, the method including the steps of cutting out an initial strip from the margin of the mantle, of cutting off the ridges, and then of cutting the strip up into graft-forming pieces, cutting the strip through the 10 layer of fibrous tissue on an intermedialte plane between the outer epithelium and the inner epithelium so as to obtain a portion of mantle carrying the outer epithelium and freed of the inner epithelium.
This serves to eliminate all cells of the inner epithelium without running the risk of damaging the cells of the outer epithelium.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a preferred implementation of the invention given with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: SFigure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of the open valve of a donor oyster; and Figure 2 is an enlarged section view on line II-II of Figure 1.
With reference to the figures, pearl culture grafts are prepared in conventional manner from a donor oyster comprising a shell 1 with the mantle 2 of the oyster extending in contact therewith. The mantle has peripheral ridges, and more precisely an outer ridge 3.1 in contact with the shell, a middle ridge 3.2, and an inner ridge 3.3.
Furthermore, the mantle is formed by a layer of fibrous tissue 4 having an outer face covered in an outer epithelium 5 that is in contact with the shell, and an inner face opposite from the outer face and covered in an inner epithelium 6.
In conventional manner, the method comprises the steps of cutting an initial strip 7 from the margin of 02/02/06,eh 14398.spc,2 the mantle 2. According to an aspect of the invention, this initial strip 7 is cut out from the middle portion of the mantle as shown by the bold dashed line in Figure 1. Tests have been performed that show that this portion of the mantle contains the majority of the cells that secrete specific proteins that play a determining role in forming and mineralizing the pearl-forming layer of nacre. Thereafter, the ridges 3 are cut off by making a first incision as represented by double-headed arrow 8 in Figure 2 so as to eliminate the middle ridge 3.2 and the inner ridge 3.3, followed by incision as represented by double-headed arrow 9 in Figure 2 for eliminating the outer ridge 3.1.
The method of the invention further comprises the step of cutting the strip 7 through the layer of fibrous tissue 4 on a plane that is intermediate between the inner epithelium and the outer epithelium, preferably substantially halfway between the inner epithelium and the outer epithelium as represented by double-headed arrow 10 in Figure 2. This provides a portion of fibrous layer 4.1 that includes the outer epithelium, and a portion of fibrous layer 4.2 that includes the inner epithelium. Only the portion 4.1 of the mantle that includes the outer epithelium 5 is used for preparing grafts. The portion 4.2 carrying the inner epithelium is eliminated.
In the preferred implementation of the invention this step of cutting the layer of fibrous tissue into two portions is performed prior to cutting the strip up into pieces forming the grafts.
Naturally, the invention is not limited to the implementation described, and various implementations can be applied thereto without going beyond the ambit of the invention.
In particular, it is possible to envisage eliminating the inner epithelium after cutting the strips up into graft-forming pieces. However such an operation -4is difficult because of the small sizes of the graft-forming pieces which makes it very difficult to identify the face of the graft that carries the outer epithelium and that is to be conserved.
Furthermore, according to certain theories, the cells of the fibrous layer serve to nourish the cells of the outer epithelium during formation of the pearl sac. It might therefore be preferable to cut through the layer of fibrous tissue as close as possible to the inner epithelium. However, given the small thickness of the layer of the fibrous tissue, there exists a significant risk of leaving cells of the inner epithelium attached to the portion of the fibrous tissue layer that carries the outer epithelium, thereby running the risk of leading to defects in the resulting pearls.
Where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification, they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components referred to, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof.
22/09/04,eh 14398.spc4
Claims (4)
1. A method of making pearl culture grafts from a donor oyster with a 4 shell having a mantle extending in contact therewith, the mantle having peripheral ridges and including a layer of fibrous tissue having an outer face covered in an outer epithelium and an inner face opposite from the outer face and covered in an inner Vt epithelium, the method including the steps of cutting out an initial strip from the 00 M€ margin of the mantle, of cutting off the ridges, and then of cutting the strip up into N, graft-forming pieces, cutting the strip through the layer of fibrous tissue on an intermediate plane between the outer epithelium and the inner epithelium so as to ,I 10 obtain a portion of mantle carrying the outer epithelium and freed of the inner epithelium.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of cutting the initial strip through the layer of fibrous tissue on an intermediate plane is performed prior to cutting the strip up into pieces.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the layer of fibrous tissue is cut substantially halfway between the outer epithelium and the inner epithelium.
4. The method according to claim I, wherein the initial strip is cut out from a middle portion of the mantle. A method of making pearl culture grafts from a donor oyster, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 3 rd day of February, 2006 ROBERT WAN HOLDING By Their Patent Attorneys CALLINAN LAWRIE s 02/02/06,eh14398.spc,5
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR02/04245 | 2002-04-05 | ||
| FR0204245A FR2838023B1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PERLARIAN CULTURE GRAFTS |
| PCT/FR2003/000985 WO2003084317A1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-03-28 | Method for the production of pearl culture grafts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2003233856A1 AU2003233856A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
| AU2003233856B2 true AU2003233856B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
Family
ID=28052131
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003233856A Ceased AU2003233856B2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-03-28 | Method for the production of pearl culture grafts |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003233856B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2838023B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003084317A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2866201B1 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2006-12-08 | Robert Wan Holding | PROCESS FOR CULTIVATION OF PEARLS STIMULATED BY EXTRAPALLEAL LIQUID |
| FR2996725B1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-12-26 | Robert Wan Holding | PROCESS FOR PREPARING GRAFTS FOR PEARL CULTURE |
| FR2996982B1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-01-16 | Robert Wan Holding | METHOD OF CUTTING A GRAFFON FOR DETERMINING THE COLOR OF THE PEARL |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996015662A1 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-05-30 | Paynter Kennedy T Jr | Enhancing growth and pearl production in mollusks |
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 FR FR0204245A patent/FR2838023B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-03-28 WO PCT/FR2003/000985 patent/WO2003084317A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-03-28 AU AU2003233856A patent/AU2003233856B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996015662A1 (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-05-30 | Paynter Kennedy T Jr | Enhancing growth and pearl production in mollusks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2838023A1 (en) | 2003-10-10 |
| AU2003233856A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
| FR2838023B1 (en) | 2005-07-15 |
| WO2003084317A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |