AT517281A1 - sensor arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor arrangement (10) and a method for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object, in particular within a body part, from which continuously emerges vapor or vapor containing a substance comprising a measuring chamber (3) bounding the surface of the measurement object, characterized in that - the sensor arrangement (10) comprises a moisture sensor (2), wherein the moisture sensor (2) is arranged such that the moisture within the measuring chamber (3) is measurable, - that the sensor arrangement (10) at least one further sensor (4) for detecting the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber (3) comprises and - that a the moisture sensor (2) and the sensor (4) downstream processing unit (40) is provided, the measured values of the sensor (4) and the moisture sensor (2) are fed and - that the processing unit (40) the content of the substance within of the measurement object determined by putting the determined content of the substance in the measuring chamber (3) in relation to the humidity determined in the measuring chamber (3).

Description

sensor arrangement

The present invention relates to a sensor arrangement for determining the content of a substance within a measurement subject according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for determining the content of a substance within a measurement subject according to the preamble of claim 32. About the skin of a person or an animal leave the Body continuously gases as well as liquids. These gases are different depending on the body region or body part, as the underlying organs or body regions fulfill different tasks and thus produce other metabolic products. The metabolic products produced by the organs or body cells are then removed from the organs or body regions via the bloodstream. Since the human body attempts to get rid of circulating substances in the bloodstream as quickly as possible, except for blood cells and platelets, the bloodstream is permeable and allows substances, for example gases, to diffuse through the blood membrane. The slower these substances are transported through the bloodstream, the faster the substances of the blood vessels diffuse into the environment or the tissue surrounding the blood vessels. Furthermore, waste products of the tissue are taken up by capillary blood vessels and transported away by them or, conversely, the tissue is supplied with necessary substances, such as oxygen. This creates a clear rule profile between blood vessel, capillary blood vessel and skin. The substances released to the tissue or the capillary blood vessels are thus also partially excreted from the body via the skin. Due to the different tasks of the body regions, the skin as well as the circulation of the individual body regions is regulated differently. Thus, depending on the body region and body site, the moisture exiting the skin and the substances exiting the skin are different and variable depending on the presence in the underlying capillaries.

By "skin" in this text and the statements below is meant any external or internal surface of the body or part of the body, in particular skin surfaces, mucous membranes, conjunctivae, organ membranes, intestinal membranes and the like.

Various measuring devices are known from the prior art, which measure the moisture exiting the skin, the so-called trans-epidermal water loss or TEWL value. Such gauges usually use internal calibration tables which

Restrict the application and its evaluation. Further, TEWL sensors known in the art are suitable for a particular environmental condition and ambient temperature and humidity, e.g. 23 ° C and 40% humidity, provided and deliver reproducible and comparable readings even under these conditions. In warm weather and corresponding sweating or after increased activity of the test person misinterpretations take place. Furthermore, measuring devices for the determination of gases are known, which are usually limited to a specific application or a measurement at specific parts of the body. Depending on the application, the measuring devices known from the prior art are designed with sensors assigned to the specific application, whereby the application is restricted, e.g. Infrared measurement in the ear. The measuring devices available from the prior art therefore have disadvantages in many respects. As a result of misuse of known measuring devices on a person or an animal, the measured values obtained are therefore often misinterpreted and harmed persons or animals. Furthermore, the measurement in or on body orifices that are difficult to access are usually complicated and complicated and therefore most of the known measuring instruments can only be used to a limited extent. Therefore, measurements, especially in body orifices, are usually made purely visually or by smears. However, the measuring devices and measuring methods known from the prior art do not take account of the environment. However, this can lead to misinterpretations in certain environments and lead to contamination of the measuring points or a falsification of the smears and thus unwanted errors.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sensor arrangement which achieves a broader application and also takes into account the condition of the object to be measured, in particular the human skin or a specific body site.

These objects are achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. It is provided that the sensor arrangement comprises a moisture sensor, wherein the moisture sensor is arranged such that the moisture is measurable within the measuring chamber, that the sensor arrangement comprises at least one further sensor for detecting the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber and that a the moisture sensor and the processing unit downstream of the sensor, to which the acquired measured values of the sensor and the moisture sensor are supplied, and in which the processing unit determines the content of the substance within the test object by determining the determined content of the substance

Stoffs in the measuring chamber to the determined in the measuring chamber moisture in relation sets.

The inventive arrangement of a moisture sensor in combination with another sensor within the measuring chamber allows the determination of the content of a substance in different states of the article. By evaluating the content of the substance in relation to the moisture content of the article, regardless of the conditions of the article, the content of a substance can be determined by normalization to moisture.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for measuring the content of a substance.

This object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 32. It is provided that in the area above the measurement object a closed measuring chamber is formed, that the moisture, in particular the humidity, and the content of the substance within the measuring chamber is measured, and that the content of the substance is determined within the measurement subject by the determined Content of the substance in the measuring chamber to the determined in the measuring chamber moisture, in particular by a processing unit, in relation.

Particularly advantageous embodiments of the sensor arrangement and of the method are defined in more detail by the features of the dependent claims:

Advantageous embodiments of the measuring chamber are provided by the measuring chamber, cuboid, cylindrical, bell-shaped or dome-shaped, wherein in particular the moisture sensor and / or the sensor are arranged in the region of the curvature of the measuring chamber.

An entry of substances from the environment into the measuring chamber and thus a falsification of the measured values can be particularly well prevented if the measuring chamber has a gas-tight wall and when placed on an object, in particular the skin of a person, a gas-tight to the environment of the measuring chamber measuring space formed.

A preferred embodiment of the sensor arrangement provides that the moisture sensor is designed as a sensor for detecting the transepidermal water loss.

In order to determine the content of a substance several times or the content of several substances, it is advantageously provided that a number of sensors are provided, wherein the sensors are arranged such that they measure the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber. It is preferably provided that the sensor or the sensors are arranged in the interior of the measuring chamber.

A preferred embodiment of the sensors is achieved in that the sensor or at least one of the sensors is a photomultiplier, in particular a mycro photomultiplier, a gas sensor is a particle sensor and / or molecule sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or a pH sensor.

Preferably, it can be provided that the sensor arrangement comprises a temperature sensor, which is arranged in particular in the measuring chamber, wherein the temperature in the measuring chamber with the temperature sensor is measurable, the processing unit stores the temperature values, in particular in a memory and for determining the content of the substance attracts.

In order to keep constant the density within the measuring chamber and the concentration of the substances within the measuring chamber, it is advantageously provided that the wall of the measuring chamber has an opening, wherein the opening completely penetrates the wall of the measuring chamber so that a part of the medium located in the measuring chamber emerges ,

In order to achieve a discharge of certain substances from the measuring chamber, it can be provided that the wall is continued in the region of the opening through a filter which is arranged within the opening or that the opening is covered by a filter. In this case, the filter advantageously activated carbon, fiberglass wool, sintered material, ceramic, plastic film with pores or holes, metal in particular stainless steel with holes, silicon with holes and / or germanium with holes.

In order to bring out a defined part of the volume of the measuring chamber or to obtain a suppression and thus a certain evaporation rate from the measuring object, it is advantageously provided that the sensor arrangement has a suction device, whereby through the suction device, in particular via the opening, a defined part of the volume of the in the measuring chamber located content is sucked.

An advantageous arrangement and simpler manufacture of the sensor arrangement is achieved if the moisture sensor and the sensor, in particular the sensors, are arranged on a common carrier, in particular a printed circuit board.

In order to effect the uptake of a gas or a substance through the measurement object and / or to investigate the uptake of a substance by the measurement object with the same concentration of the substance in the measurement chamber, it is advantageously provided that the sensor arrangement has a gas introduction element for introduction of gases into the measurement chamber in which gas and / or ambient air can be introduced into the measuring chamber through the gas introduction element, in particular via an entry opening in the wall of the measuring chamber.

Contamination of the measuring chamber and / or the sensor and / or the sensors can be prevented if the measuring chamber is covered by a cap, wherein the wall of the cap, in particular the end wall, radiation, vapor, moisture, particulate, and has or is translucent and / or has a number of, in particular vapor-permeable or gas-permeable, femto, pico, nano, or microholes. As a result, the entry of unwanted substances or a targeted entry of a single or individual substances can be prevented or determined by determining the number and permeability of the covering cap in the measuring chamber.

In order to be able to assess the content of one or more substances in the measurement object in relation to the environment, it is advantageously provided that the sensor arrangement has an environment sensor which is arranged in particular on the outside of the wall measuring chamber facing the environment, the air humidity and / or the temperature the environment is measurable by the environmental sensor.

A preferred embodiment of the measuring chamber is provided when the measuring chamber has a cross section with a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or a length between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or the distance between the sensors, in particular the carrier plate, from the end of the Measuring chamber is 0.2 mm to 2 mm.

An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement or the sensors provides that the sensor or the sensors each acted upon by a substance

Carrier body and at least two mutually spaced arranged electrodes comprises, wherein a substance located in the measuring chamber is reversibly absorbable by the substance that the carrier body is made of or with a porous, porous, humid-invariant, non-hygroscopic and high internal stiffness having carrier material, in that at least the pores of the carrier material are filled with the substance (43), preferably with an inorganic salt in dissolved, liquid, solid or crystalline form, or at least coated on their surfaces or walls, and that the conductance and / or electrical permittivity of the substance , in particular of the salt, is reproducibly functionally dependent on the content of the substance of the material which has been brought into contact with the carrier material of the carrier body which has been exposed thereto.

It is advantageous that a mechanically and chemically robust sensor is produced, which can be used within wide temperature or humidity ranges and achieves repeatable results. In addition, it is advantageous that the transport phenomena occurring due to the conductivity of salts on plastic substrates are avoided. In the case of sensors with a plastic carrier layer, there is also the problem that due to transport phenomena, in particular the ionic conduction, salt ions diffuse or separate into the plastic and the humidity susceptibility of the capacitance varies, as a result of which an aging process of the sensor is present.

An additional advantageous aspect of the invention provides that the inorganic salt in and on the support body sodium chloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, sodium dichromate, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate or potassium carbonate or mixtures of salts and / or the substance in and on the Carrier body is a salt or an enzyme or mixtures of these. As a result, a particularly high strength of the surface coating is achieved. The retention of the substance in the pores is considerably improved by the surface coating. In addition, a larger surface for absorbing humidity is available. Conversely, the surface coating is anchored particularly well by the retention of the salt in the pores.

The use of a high- or dead-burned mineral oxide also has the advantage that the carrier body is subjected to only minor mechanical stresses due to moisture water stored in the substance. For this purpose, in particular alumina, magnesium oxide or an open-pore foam or sintered metal is suitable.

A further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the carrier body consists of printed circuit board material in which the pores are superficially etched and / or, preferably with a laser, baked or the printed circuit board as such has pores. This development of the invention allows an alternative integration of a moisture sensor in a printed circuit board, wherein the additional manufacturing cost for the attachment of the moisture sensors is extremely low and thus the production cost can be greatly reduced.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the electrodes are formed by embedded in the pores of the carrier body metal. As a result, electrodes which are anchored particularly well in the carrier material are made possible, the production of which is easy to accomplish.

In addition, it is advantageous that the carrier body has a layer-like structure, and has at least one continuous macroscopic recess, which is at least superficially coated by the substrate through the passage area of the substance and arranged the electrodes on, in particular opposite, sides of the carrier body are. This allows easy production of a humidity sensor on a circuit board.

A further particular embodiment of the invention provides that at least two electrodes are arranged in and / or on the carrier body or on the carrier material, which has a current flow and / or a charge shift at least in the substance, in particular in the salt, in the pores of the carrier material allow the carrier body and / or on the surface of the carrier body. This embodiment allows the use of low currents and voltage, which allows the use of the new sensors, especially in high-explosive atmospheres. In addition, this embodiment avoids the displacement of salt ions in the course of the current flow between the two electrodes, as a result of which the sensor is subject to only extremely slight aging effects.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the electrodes are arranged superficially on the surface of the carrier body or of its carrier material, and that the substance is arranged in the pores of the carrier material, and optionally in the region between the two electrodes, wherein optionally the carrier material and at least one of the electrodes is at least partially covered with a layer of the substance on its surface. In this case, it is advantageously achieved that it is particularly easy to manufacture directly. The formation of the electrodes is done in particular by evaporation or sputtering of the metal layer on the carrier body. It is particularly advantageous that the substance is arranged in the region between the two electrodes. Thus, the capacitance or conductance measured between the electrodes becomes very much dependent on the ambient air humidity.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the electrodes extend into or pass through the carrier body, wherein the substance-coated or filled pores of the carrier body are arranged in the region between the electrodes, so that a current flow and / or a charge displacement between them is made possible. This allows particularly strong dependencies of the measured capacitance or conductance between the two electrodes on the respective prevailing humidity. Furthermore, a particularly large conductance or capacitance is achieved, wherein the dependence of the conductance or capacitance between the two electrodes is highly dependent on the humidity of the environment of the air.

An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement according to the invention provides that the sensor arrangement comprises a heat source for disinfecting the measuring chamber and / or for heat input into the measuring chamber, wherein the heat source is in particular a Peltier element or a heating coil.

Furthermore, it can advantageously be provided that a light source or spectrum source, in particular an LED lamp, is arranged within the measuring chamber, that the light source or spectrum source is directed onto the region of the surface of the measuring object closed by the measuring chamber, that an optical sensor is provided which is directed to the region of the surface of the measurement object closed by the measurement chamber, the spectra of the optical sensor and of the light source or spectrum source overlapping in an overlap region. In particular, the overlap region is selected such that the absorption or reflection in the presence of the substance is increased or reduced in relation to the absorption or reflection in the absence of the substance in the overlap region.

In order to be able to examine different partial regions of a measurement object, it is provided that the measurement chamber is subdivided into a number of subregions, in particular gas-tightly demarcated, partial regions, wherein in at least one of the

Subareas or within the subregions at least one sensor and / or moisture sensor and / or temperature sensor is arranged.

An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement is provided if at least two electrodes are arranged in at least one wall of the measuring chamber such that when the sensor arrangement is placed on the measurement object an impedance measurement between the two electrodes can take place or in particular if the electrodes make contact with two electrodes arranged in the covering cap.

Furthermore, an advantageous measuring device is provided which contains a sensor arrangement according to the invention.

An advantageous aspect of the method is that the content of a number of substances in the measuring chamber, in particular by a number of sensors, is determined and that the content of substances within the measuring object is determined by the determined content of the substances in the measuring chamber to the moisture detected in the measuring chamber, in particular by a processing unit, in relation.

It is advantageously provided that a temperature value prevailing within the measuring chamber is detected by means of a temperature sensor and that the temperature value is taken into account or included in the determination of the content of the substance, in particular of the substances.

In order to be able to reproduce the position of the measuring chamber relative to the measuring object and to judge the quality of the choice of the measuring point, it is provided that an optical sensor, in particular a camera, detects the position of the measuring chamber to or at the measuring object and stores and / or uses it to evaluate the measurement becomes.

It is advantageously provided that, in particular by a suction device, the content, in particular via a filter, is sucked out of the measuring chamber.

A further advantageous development of the method is provided by the duration of the measurement and the time course of the content of the substance, in particular a gas concentration, recorded and recorded and used to assess the evaporation rate or the absorption of a substance by the measurement object.

In order to be able to predetermine an evaporation rate, it is provided that the surface of the measurement object and / or the measurement object is heat-treated with heat, in particular within the measurement chamber, and / or is heated to a specific temperature, thereby achieving a certain evaporation rate becomes.

In order to prevent contamination of the measuring chamber or a transmission of germs and viruses, it is provided that before and / or after completion of the measurement, the measuring chamber and / or the sensors, in particular the entire sensor array, by heating by a, in particular in the sensor array integrated Heat source is disinfected.

In order to be able to set the measured values recorded in the measuring chamber in relation to the environment, it is advantageously provided that the moisture, in particular the humidity, and / or the temperature of the environment of the measuring chamber is detected and the determined moisture, temperature and / or the content of the substance in the measuring chamber in relation to the measured values recorded in the vicinity of the measuring chamber, in particular by means of differential method, evaluated or set.

Advantageously, it can further be provided that before or during the measurement, in particular by means of a gas introduction element, one or more gases are introduced into the measuring chamber and the measurement of the change in concentration of the introduced gases is determined.

An advantageous development of the method is achieved by determining the real concentration in the test object or the concentration of the blood gases by converting the measured values.

It is furthermore advantageous if, in particular by means of a suction device, a negative pressure for accelerating the outgassing is generated from the measurement object in the measuring chamber.

The dosage of a substance can be improved if, after the measurement has taken place, a dose for administering an active substance to the measurement object is determined depending on the content of the substance determined within the measurement subject, and in particular that this active substance is administered in the dose determined by the measurement becomes.

An advantageous use of the sensor arrangement according to the invention provides for the sensor arrangement for determining the blood gases of a person or an animal to be used.

A further aspect of the invention provides for a sensor arrangement according to the invention for determining the content of substances of the blood circulation of a fetus or the placenta.

A further aspect of the invention provides for a sensor arrangement according to the invention for determining the alcohol content and / or illegal substances and / or drugs in the blood, in particular via the skin, or for determining the blood sugar level. Further advantages and embodiment of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings. The invention is illustrated below with reference to particularly advantageous, but not limiting, exemplary embodiments in drawings schematically and will be described with reference to the drawings by way of example:

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 4a shows an alternative embodiment of the fourth embodiment 5 shows a fifth alternative embodiment of the sensor arrangement shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8 shows a sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention according to FIG Fig. 9 shows an eighth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 10 shows a ninth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 11 shows a tenth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 12 shows an eleventh embodiment of the invention, Figs. Fig. 13 shows a twelfth embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 14 shows a measuring device according to the invention. FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention with fine-grained Al 2 O 3 as carrier material of a carrier body and low surface roughness, FIG. 17 shows a further embodiment of a sensor according to the invention with a multiplicity of 18 shows an embodiment of the sensors analogous to FIG. 18 with deeper continuous pores, which are achieved for example by etching or burn-in by means of a laser, FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the sensors with by flow channels. FIG. 23 shows an embodiment of the sensors in plan view with two electrodes and a multiplicity of pores arranged between these electrodes, FIG. 24 shows a possible side view of the pores shown in FIG 23 shows a further variant of the embodiment of the sensors illustrated in FIG. 23 in a side view, and FIG. 26 shows a third variant of the embodiment of the sensors illustrated in FIG. 23 in a side view.

1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. The sensor arrangement 10 has a measuring chamber 3 which is of cuboid design and is delimited on five of the six surfaces by a wall 31 of a housing of the sensor arrangement 10. On the sixth surface of the cuboid measuring chamber 3, an opening is formed, which connects the measuring chamber 3 with the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10. The sensor arrangement 10 comprises a moisture sensor 2, which is arranged within the measuring chamber 3 and is arranged on the surface of the cuboid measuring chamber 3 lying opposite the opening of the measuring chamber 3. With the moisture sensor 2, the moisture within the measuring chamber 3 can be measured. The sensor arrangement 10 further comprises a further sensor 4, which is likewise arranged on the surface of the parallelepiped-shaped measuring chamber 3 opposite the opening in the vicinity of the moisture sensor 2 and determines the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber 3. The humidity sensor 2 and the sensor 4 are readjusted by a processing unit 40 to which the detected measured values of the sensor 4 and of the moisture sensor 2 are supplied. In this embodiment, the processing unit 40 is connected to the humidity sensor 2 and the sensor 4 via an electrical line 6. The determined by the sensor 4 content of the substance within the measuring chamber 3 is set by the processing unit 40 in relation to the determined humidity of the humidity sensor 2 and thereby normalized or determined the content of the substance within a measuring object.

2 shows a second embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention, which is placed on a measurement object 5, in this embodiment the skin of a person. The measuring chamber 3 is dome-shaped in this embodiment, wherein the base of the measuring chamber 3 rests on the measuring object 5. From the measurement object 5, vapor or vapor containing a substance continuously comes out. In the measuring chamber 3, the moisture sensor 2 and the sensor 4 are arranged in the region of the curvature of the measuring chamber 3 with respect to the opening or the base surface. The humidity sensor 2 determines the humidity of the vapor or vapor leaving the measurement object 5, and the sensor 4 determines the content of a substance entering the measurement chamber 3 from the measurement object 5 in the vapor or vapor. The wall 31 of the sensor arrangement 10 is gas-tight and terminates in a gastight manner with the measurement object 5, so that the measurement chamber 3 is separated in a gas-tight manner from the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10 or the measurement chamber 3. The gas-tight sealing of the measuring chamber 3 prevents entry of substances and moisture from the environment into the measuring chamber 3.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention with a cuboid measuring chamber 3. The moisture sensor 2 and two further sensors 4a and 4b are arranged on the surface of the measuring chamber 3 opposite the opening. The sensors 4a and 4b determine the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber 3 and supply the acquired measured values to the processing unit 40 with which they are connected via electrical lines 6. The detected measured values of the sensors 4a and 4b are related to the moisture detected within the measuring chamber by the moisture sensor 2, thereby determining the content of one or more substances within the measuring object 5.

4 shows a fourth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. A moisture sensor 2 and three further sensors 4a, 4b and 4c are arranged on the cover surface opposite the opening of the measuring chamber 3. The sensors 4a, 4b, 4c can determine the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber 3. The measuring chamber 3 has an opening 32 arranged in the wall 31 of the measuring chamber. The opening 32 passes completely through the wall 31 and connects the measuring chamber 3 with the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10. Through the opening 32, a part of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3 can emerge, the quantity of the emerging medium being greater than the dimension of the opening 32 and the measuring chamber 3 is determined. Alternatively, a plurality of openings 32 within the wall 31, in particular evenly over the side surface of the measuring chamber 3, be distributed.

FIG. 4a shows a further embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 described in FIG. 4. Within the opening 32, a filter 8 is arranged, which defines by its pore size the outlet of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3. The pore size of the filter 8 is selected such that defined substances within the

Measuring chamber 3 are held and other substances escape through the opening 32 of the measuring chamber 3. The filter 8 can have activated carbon, fiberglass wool, sintered material, ceramic, plastic film with pores or holes, metal such as stainless steel with holes, silicon with holes and / or germanium with holes or consist of these materials. Furthermore, other suitable filter materials known from the prior art can be used. The filter 8 can be arranged within the opening 32 or cover this at the beginning or end.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 shown in FIG. 4. The sensor arrangement 10 has a suction device 9, by means of which a defined part of the volume of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3 can be sucked off. The suction device 9 is arranged in this embodiment within the opening 32 and sucks the contents of the medium through the opening 32 from. The suction device can generate a defined negative pressure in the measuring chamber 2 and thus increase or set the evaporation rate from the measuring object 5. The sensor arrangement 10 can furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, also have a gas introduction element 12, via which gases or other media can be introduced into the measuring chamber 3. The gas introduction element 12 can be arranged inside the opening 32 or via an entry opening 33 formed in the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.

6 shows a sixth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention with a moisture sensor 2, two further sensors 4a and 4b and a temperature sensor 7. The moisture sensor 2, the sensors 4a and 4b and the temperature sensor 7 are arranged within the measuring chamber 3 and are located on the measuring body 5 launched opening of the measuring chamber 3 opposite. The humidity sensor 2, the sensors 4a and 4b, and the temperature sensor 7 are connected to the processing unit 40 and supply the detected measurement values to the processing unit 40. The temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 and transmits it to the processing unit 40. Thus, in addition to the humidity 3 in the determination of a content of a substance within the Meßgegentandes 5, the temperature in be used. The sensor arrangement 40 furthermore has a memory 41 in which the temperature values, the content of one or more substances and / or the moisture values determined by the sensors 4a, 4b can be stored and made available. Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 10 can also have a real-time clock, which stores the measured values of the sensors 4a and 4b, the temperature sensor 7 and / or the moisture sensor 2 after predefined time intervals or these are processed by the processing unit 40.

Fig. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention. The measuring chamber 3 has a humidity sensor 2 and two sensors 4a and 4b, with which the content of one or more substances within the measuring material 5 is determined. The sensor arrangement 10 further has an environmental sensor 13, which faces the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10 or the measuring chamber 3 and makes it possible to determine the moisture, the temperature and / or the content of one or more substances in the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10. The environmental sensor 13 is connected to the processing unit 40 and transmits the detected ambient measured values to the processing unit 40. The environmental sensor 13 may have an analogous structure to the moisture sensor 2 arranged in the measuring chamber 3, the sensors 4a, 4b or the temperature sensor 7. With the aid of the environmental sensor 13, the moisture, the temperature and / or the content of one or more substances in the vicinity of the sensor arrangement 10 can thus also be taken into account and included in the determination of the content of one or more substances within the measurement object 5.

8 shows a sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 7. The measuring chamber 3 of the sensor arrangement 10 is covered by a covering cap 20, wherein the opening of the measuring chamber 3 is completely covered by the covering cap 20. The cap 20 rests on the measuring object 5 and separates the measuring chamber 3 from the measuring object 5. The end wall 21 of the cap 20 rests on the measuring object 5 and is permeable. The cap 20 may be formed permeable to radiation, steam, moisture, particles, gases and / or light. The covering cap 20 may have, in particular in the region of the end wall 21, a number of, in particular vapor-permeable or gas-permeable, femto-, pico-, nano- or microholes 14, through which steam or gas can flow from the measuring object 5 into the measuring chamber 3 ,

9 shows an eighth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. The moisture sensor 2 and the two sensors 4a, 4b are arranged within the measuring chamber 3 on a common carrier 22, in this embodiment a circuit board. Alternatively to the embodiments shown, the

Moisture sensor 2 and / or the other sensors 4a, 4b ... and / or the common carrier 22 may also be arranged on other parts of the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.

10 shows a ninth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention, in which the measuring chamber 3 is connected to the measuring object 5 through an opening 35, wherein the vapor containing a substance enters the measuring chamber 3 from the measuring object 5 via the opening 35. Within the opening 35, a filter 8 may be arranged, which filters out or retains a part of the exiting from the measuring object 5 substances and thus prevents their entry into the measuring chamber 3. Furthermore, in this embodiment, an opening 32 may be formed within the wall 31, which connects the measuring chamber 3 with the environment of the sensor assembly 10 and allows the discharge of the medium located within the measuring chamber 3. Furthermore, within the opening 32, a filter 8, as shown in Fig. 4a, may be arranged, which filters out certain substances from the measuring chamber 3.

As an alternative to the first to ninth embodiments 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, the measuring chamber 3 can also have other shapes, for example a bell, ball or pyramidal shape. In the illustrated embodiments, the humidity sensor 2 may be configured as a sensor for detecting transepidermal water loss and detecting the transepidermal water loss of a person's skin. The sensor 4 or the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c,... Can be designed identically and detect the content of a single substance or be designed such that the content of a plurality of substances is determined. In the first to ninth embodiments shown, the sensor 4 or at least one of the sensors 4 a, 4 b, 4 c may be a photomultiplier, in particular a micro photomultiplier, a gas sensor and / or a particle sensor and / or a molecular sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or be a pH sensor.

The size of the measuring chamber 3 may vary in the embodiments shown, wherein the cross section of the measuring chamber 3 preferably has a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and a length between 1 mm and 6 mm. The distance of the sensors 4a, 4b of the temperature sensor 7 of the moisture sensor 2 and / or the support plate 22 from the end of the measuring chamber or the opening of the measuring chamber 3 is preferably 0.2 mm to 2 mm. In the measuring chamber 3, the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... as pairs of sensors or adjacent to each other or at a distance from each other in one or more rows may be arranged. The dimension of the common carrier 22 and / or the dimension of the surface formed by the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... may advantageously have a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and a length between 1 mm and 6 mm.

11 shows a tenth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. Within the measuring chamber 3, a carrier 22 with the moisture sensor 2 and two sensors 4a, 4b are arranged. Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 10 has a heat source 14, which is arranged within the measuring chamber 3. The heat source 14 is formed in this embodiment as a Peltier element, but may alternatively be a heating coil or other known from the prior art heat source. Via the heat source 14, the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 can be predetermined or heat can be emitted from the heat source 14 to the measuring object 5. By predetermining the temperature, it is possible to force a vaporization rate out of the measurement object 5 and thereby, for example, increase or predetermine an increased output of the substance or substances measured by the sensors 4a, 4b. Furthermore, the measuring chamber 3, the wall 31 thereof, as well as the sensors 4a, 4b arranged in the measuring chamber 3, the moisture sensor 2, optionally the carrier 22, or other sensors located in the measuring chamber 3 can be heated via the heat source 14. By heating the measuring chamber 3, this can be sterilized before or after use and freed of undesirable substances.

FIG. 12 shows an eleventh embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. Within the measuring chamber 3, in this embodiment, on the inside of the measuring chamber 3 opposite the measuring object 5, a light source 15 or spectrum source and an optical sensor 18 are arranged. The light source 15 or spectrum source is directed onto the region of the surface of the measurement object 5 which is closed by the measurement chamber 3 and radiates light in a defined spectrum to the surface of the measurement object 5. The optical sensor 18 is likewise directed to the region of the surface of the measuring object 5 which is closed off by the measuring chamber 3, and the spectrum of the optical sensor 18 overlaps the optical spectrum of the light source 15 in an overlapping region. The overlapping region of the two spectra of the light source 15 and of the optical sensor 18 is selected such that the absorption or reflection in the presence of a substance within the measuring chamber 3 is increased or reduced in relation to the absorption or reflection in the absence of the substance in the overlapping region. The spectrum of the light source 15 may include visible but not visible light.

13 shows a twelfth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention. The measuring chamber 3 is subdivided into three partial areas 34a, 34b and 34c. In the partial area 34a, two sensors 4a and 4b are arranged on the wall of the partial area 34a. In the partial area 34b, two sensors 4e and 4f are likewise arranged in the region of the wall of the partial area 34b. In the partial area 34c, the humidity sensor 2, two sensors 4c and 4d and a temperature sensor 7 are arranged. The sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f, the humidity sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 7 are each connected to the processing unit 40 and deliver the measured values to them. With the aid of the twelfth embodiment (FIG. 13), for example, a respiratory gas measurement can be carried out by placing the sensor arrangement 10 in the oral cavity and thus detecting gases along the trachea. The different sections of the measuring chamber 3 thus allow a different detection of substances at different positions.

As an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, many other variations of the subregions of the measuring chamber or the measuring chamber 3 itself are conceivable. For example, the sections could be separated from each other gas-tight and form two independent measuring chambers 3.

In another embodiment, not shown, of the sensor arrangement 10, the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention can be extended by two electrodes, which are arranged in at least one wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3. In this case, the electrodes are preferably arranged on the front side of the area of the measuring chamber 3 facing the surroundings, which is placed on the measuring object 5. In the mounted state of the sensor arrangement on the measurement object 5, the electrodes allow an impedance measurement via the measurement object.

In addition, the electrodes may alternatively contact two electrodes arranged in the cover cap 20 and allow an impedance measurement or electrical stimulation of the measurement object via the cover cap 20.

Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 10 can have a timer or a timer with which the sequential scanning of the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c,... Of the humidity sensor 2 and / or the temperature sensor is enabled and coordinated. Furthermore, by means of the timer, the scanning of the individual sensors 4a, 4b, 4c .. be adapted to the gases or substances to be measured and the gases with higher propagation velocity or diffusion rate through the measurement object 5 or the skin faster or before the gases with less Propagation speed or diffusion rate can be detected by the measurement object 5 or the skin.

14 shows a measuring device 100 according to the invention with a sensor arrangement 10. In this case, the sensor arrangement 10 can be designed in accordance with one of the embodiments 1 to 12 (FIGS. 1 to 13).

FIG. 15 shows a first embodiment of a sensor 4 with a rough carrier body 42, which has a large number of superficially formed bulges 201. The bulges 201, in contrast to an alternative planar embodiment, increase the surface area and thereby make it possible to arrange a larger number of electrodes 41 or sensors 4a, 4b, ... or to perform direction-dependent measurements close to the same space. The carrier body 42 is made of rough porous Al 2 O 3. In this embodiment, two bulges 201 are shown, of which the two outer bulges 201a and 201c are coated with a metal layer. This metal layer is vapor-deposited or sputtered onto the carrier body 42 during production, for example. Due to the internal structure of the carrier body 42, the middle bulge 201b has a porous basic structure which is filled with a substance 43, in the present case sodium chloride NaCl.

Furthermore, it is possible to apply the salt layer to the carrier body 42 by means of a spray coating method. In this case, the salt dissolved in a solvent, in particular in a vacuum, is sprayed onto the carrier body 42, wherein a mist of the solution forms in the region above the carrier body 42, which precipitates on the rotated carrier body 42 and forms a very thin salt layer 132 , Another possibility for applying salt to the carrier body 42 is to spray or inject a salt solution in liquid or gaseous form under high pressure into the carrier body 42. In this case, a positionable print head for aligning the steam or liquid jet can be used on the carrier body 42. The solution arrives very well in pores 44 of deeper layers of the carrier body 42.

As shown in Fig. 1, the main body has a number of several pores 44 connecting channels 131 which are filled with this substance. The metal layer which covers the two outer bulges 201a, 201c also has a number of pores or micro-recesses 133 which are filled with the substance 43.

On the one hand, the metal itself may be porous. On the other hand, many metals have a rough surface, which is sufficient to have enough micro-bumps or small holes where the salt can anchor.

The entire sensor 4, comprising the carrier body 42, the metal coatings on the two outer bulges 201a, 201c, and the middle salt-filled bulge 201b, is coated or covered with a salt layer 132. The salt layer 132, which consists of sodium chloride NaCl, is in communication with the salt-filled channels 131 and the salt fractions located in the recesses 133. The two metal layers form electrodes 41, on which an alternating voltage can be applied, whereby a current flow or a charge shift between the two electrodes 41 can be measured. It is particularly advantageous for the outer contacting that the salt layer at the point of contact with the outer feed line does not completely cover the electrodes 41, so that an immediate contacting of the feed line with the metal layer is possible. The salt introduction is usually the last production step. Subsequent steps to apply insulation are possible if the insulation is permeable to water vapor. As the electrode material, platinum is used in this embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the carrier body 42 has a finer surface structure. As a carrier body 42, a finer high-dead or dead burned alumina Al203 is used, which has a smaller pore size, than the aluminum oxide used in FIG. On the surface of the support consisting of alumina body 42, two electrodes 41, consisting of gold, arranged. The gold layer forming the electrodes 41 has superficially porous recesses 133. In the area 220 of the carrier body 42 between the two electrodes 41, salt 43 'is present in channels 131 of the porous carrier material of the carrier body 42. The gold electrodes need not be porous. The normal surface roughness for anchoring the salt layer 132 on the electrodes 41 suffices because microholes and unevenness in the manufacturing process of the electrodes 41 naturally occur and are statistically distributed. These salt channels extend to the surface of the carrier body 42, on which the two electrodes 41 are arranged, namely, vapor-deposited or sputter-coated.

As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the sensor 4 is completely coated with a layer of sodium chloride in this embodiment as well. This layer of sodium chloride communicates with the sodium chloride in the channels 131 and also fills the recesses 133 in the metal layers of the electrodes 41. A contacting of the electrodes 41 takes place analogously to the embodiment of FIG. 1.

The operation of a sensor 4 shown in FIGS. 15 or 16 will be described briefly below:

The sensor 4 is connected with its two electrodes 41 to an AC voltage source which applies a voltage of approximately 2 mV, typically from 100 mV to 1 V, to the two electrodes 41. The impressed AC voltage has, for example, a frequency of 35 kHz to 5 MHz. To determine the capacitance or conductance between the two electrodes 41, a current measuring device can be connected in series with the sensor 4.

If moist water or water vapor containing a substance which has been dissolved in the measuring chamber 3 now impinges on the sensor 4, the substance penetrates into the salt layer 132 as well as into the underlying pores 44. The absorption of the substance in the pores 44 ensures that both the conductivity and the permittivity increase locally in the channels 131 as well as in the salt layer 132. Furthermore, the inclusion of the substance changes the pore geometry, so that the capacitance or conductance of the entire sensor 4 changes.

Another embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 17 comprises a plurality of electrodes 41 made of a porous material or made of a material having recesses on the surface. These recesses are, like the pores 44 of the carrier body 42, filled with salt. In this case, an additional increase in the capacitance or the conductance can be achieved via the inclusion or incorporation of salt crystals in the electrodes 41.

FIGS. 18 to 20 show a sensor 4, the carrier body 42 of which is completely interspersed with channels 131 with salt coating in the region between the two electrodes 41. The carrier body 42 has an opening 81, which forms an analysis space 83 when placed on a moisture-emitting body. This opening 20 has, in particular the shape of a trough. The size of this tub determines the analysis space 83, whereby quite different tub sizes and tub shapes are possible.

In principle, it is possible to integrate a device for measuring the conductance or the capacitance directly on the carrier body 42. In this case, a current measuring device or a voltage source are formed on the substrate which is in contact with the carrier material of the carrier body 42.

Another particular embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 21a and 21b. A significant difference from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 18 to 20 is that the trough-shaped openings 212, 213 are provided in the carrier body 42, which lie opposite one another on the carrier body 42. In both trough-shaped openings 212, 213, the porous subregion is filled with salt 43 'in each case up to a predetermined depth. Furthermore, both trays have a salt layer 132 in their bottom area. Between the carrier body 42 and the salt layer 132, a plurality of comb-shaped electrodes 41 is provided. The comb-shaped arrangement of the electrodes 41 is shown in FIG. 21b, wherein on each of the two sides of the sensor 4 shown in FIG. 21a two intermeshed comb-shaped electrodes 41 are arranged on the surface of the carrier body 42 below the salt layer. The end regions 47 of the electrodes 41 form the terminals of the sensor 4. Each sensor shown in FIG. 17a has in each case four connections, namely two connections 47 for each of the two sides.

Alternatively, the electrodes described may also be designed as 41 also as ion-selective field transistors ISFET, ion-selective electrodes or straight electrodes arranged parallel to one another.

Different configurations of a sensor according to the invention in plan view and in side view are shown in FIGS. In this case, the electrodes 41 are formed by metal cuboids, between which the porous material of the carrier body 42 is located. The embodiments of FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 basically have the same plan view; as shown in Fig. 23, on.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 26, the carrier material of the carrier body 42 is located both in the region below the electrodes 41 and also in the region directly between the electrodes 41. Salt is introduced substantially into the pores 211 in the carrier material of the carrier body 42 between the electrodes 41 , Only individual pores in the region below the two electrodes 41 are filled with salt. A further embodiment of the invention, shown in Fig. 25, shows the two electrodes 41, which are placed on a carrier body, that is vapor-deposited or sputtered. In the immediate intermediate region between the two electrodes is a superficially adhering to the carrier body, located outside the pores salt layer. In the area below this salt layer, the pores are filled with the salt 43 '.

A further embodiment, shown in FIG. 26, shows a sensor 4 with two electrodes 41, which are applied to a carrier body 42. In the intermediate region between the two electrodes 41, the ambient air can flow directly to the carrier body 42. The pores 44 in the intermediate region between the two electrodes 41 are filled with salt 43.

The sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, .... may be designed as gas sensors, particle sensors or molecular sensors, wherein gas sensors known from the prior art, particle sensors or molecular sensors can be used. Preferably, the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... are designed such that the following gases can be detected:

Ammonia NH3, antimony acid SbH3, argon Ar, arsenic fluoride AsF5, arsine AsH3, bis (fluoroxy) perfluoromethane CF402, bismuthan BiH3, boron trichloride BCI3, boron trifluoride BF3, bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrCIF2, bromine chloride BrCl, bromodifluoroethylene C2HBrF2,

Bromodifluoromethane CHBrF2, bromodifluorophosphane PBrF2, bromoethylene C2H3Br, bromoethyne C2HBr, bromofluoromethane CH2BrF, bromoheptafluoropropane C3BrF7, bromopentafluoroethane C2BrF5, bromotrifluoroethene C2BrF3, bromotrifluoromethane CF3Br, hydrogen bromide HBr, butadiene C4H6, butadiene C4H2, butane-iso C4H10, butane-n C4H10, butene-1 C4H8 , Butene-2-cis C4H8, butene-2-trans C4H8, butyne-1 C4H6, carbonylborane BH3CO, carbonyl fluoride COF2, carbonylselenide COSe, carbonylsulfide COS, chlorine Cl2, cyanogen chloride CICN, chlorodifluoramine NCIF2, chlorodifluoroethane C2H3CIF2, chlorodifluoroethene-2-1, 1 C2HCIF2, chlorodifluoromethane fluoromethane CHCIF2, chlorodifluorophosphane PCIF2,

Chlorodifluorophosphorus oxide POCIF2, chlorine dioxide CI02, chloroethane C2H5CI, chloroethene C2H3CI, chloroethine C2HCI, chlorofluoride CIF, chlorofluoromethane CH2CIF,

Chlorheptafluoropropane-2 C3CIF7, chlorohexafluoropropane-1-1,1,2,3,3,3 C3HCIF6, chlorohexafluoropropane-2-1,1,1,3,3,3 C3HCIF6, chloromethane CH3Cl, chlorine monoxide Cl20, chlorofluoroethane-1-1 C2H4CIF, chloropentafluoroacetone C3CIF5, chloropentafluoroethane C2CIF5, chloropentafluoride CIF5, chloropentafluoropropene-2-1,1,3,3,3-1 C3CIF5, chlorotetrafluoroethane-1,1,1,2,2C2HCIF4, chlorotetrafluoroethane-2-1,1,1 , 2C2HCIF4, chlorotrifluoroethane-1-1,1,2C2H2CIF3, chlorotrifluoroethene C2CIF3, chlorotrifluororgermanium, GeF3CI, chlorotrifluoride CIF3, chlorotrifluoromethane CCIF3, chlorotrifluorosilane CIF3Si, hydrogen chloride HCl, chlorofluoride CI02F, chloryl trifluoride CI02F3, cyclobutane C4H8, cyclobutene C4H6, cyclopropane C3H6, cyclopropene C3H4, Deuterium D2, Diazomethane CH2N2, Diborane B2H6, Dichlorodifluoromermer GeF2CI2, Dichlorodifluoromethane CCI2F2, Dichlorodifluorosilane CI2F2Si, Dichlorofluoromethane CHClI, Dichlorofluorophosphane PCI2F, Dichlorosilane SiH2Cl2, Dichlorotetrafluoroethane-1,1 C2CI2F4, Dichlorotetrafluoroethane-1,2C2Cl2F4 Difluoram in NHF2, difluorodiazine-cis N2F2, difluorodiazine-trans N2F2i difluorodioxide F202, difluoroethane-1,1C2H4F2, difluoroethane-1,2C2H4F2i difluoroethylene-1,1C2H2F2i difluoroethene-cis-1,2C2H2F2i difluoroethene-trans-1,2C2H2F2 , Difluoromethane CH2F2i Difluoropropane-1,1 C3H6F2,

Difluoropropane-2,2 C3H6F2i Dimethylamine C2H7N, dimethyldiazine cis C2H6N2, dimethyldiazine trans C2H6N2, dimethyl ether C2H60, dimethyl peroxide C2H602i dimethylpropane-2,2 C5H12, dimethylsilane C2H6Si, disilane Si2H6, disilylmethane, CH8Si2, nitrous oxide N20, dinitrogen trioxide N203, ethane C2H6, Ethenone C2H20, ethyne C2H2, ethynylsilane C2H4Si, ethoxytrifluorosilane C2H5F3OSi, ethylamine C2H7N, ethylene C2H4i ethylene oxide C2H40, ethyl methyl ether C3H80, ethyl nitrite C2H5NO2, ethyl trifluorosilane C2H5F3Si, fluorine F2, fluorobutadiene-2-1.3C4H5F, fluorocane CFN, fluoroethane C2H5F, fluoroethene C2H3F, Fluoroformate CHFO, fluoromethane CH3F, fluoronitrate FN03, fluoroperchlorate FCI04i fluoropropane-1 C3H7F, fluoropropane-2 C3H7F, fluoropropene-2 C3H5F, fluoropropene-3 C3H5F, hydrogen fluoride HF, formaldehyde CH20, gallane GaH3t German GeH4, germanium fluoride-IV GeF4t helium He, 3He , Heptafluoropropane-1,1,1,2,3,3,3 C3HF7t hexafluoroacetone C3F60, hexafluorobutadiene-1,1,2,3,4,4-1,3 C4F6, hexafluorobutene-1,1,1,4,4 , 4-2 C4F6, Hexa fluorocyclobutene C4F6, hexafluoroethane C2F6i hexafluoromethanediamine CF6N2i hexafluoropropane-1,1,1,2,2,3 C3H2F6, hexafluoropropane-1,1,1,2,3,3 C3H2F6i hexafluoropropane-1,1,1,3,3,3 C3H2F6 , Hexafluoropropane-1,1,2,2,3,3 C3H2F6, hexafluoropropene C3F6,

Hexafluoropropylene oxide C3F60, hexafluorotrifluoromethylpropane-1,1,1,3,3,3-2 C4HF9, iodine heptafluoride IF7, hydrogen iodide HI, carbon dioxide C02, 13C02, carbon monoxide CO, krypton Kr, air-dry, methane CH4, methanethiol CH4S, methylamine CH5N , methylarsine CH5As, methyl CH3Br, methylchlorosilane CH5CISi, methyl cyclopropane C4H8, Methyigerman CH6Ge, methyl nitrite CH3N02, methylphosphine CH5P, methylsilane CH6Si, methyl stannane CH6Sn, Methyltrifluormethylether C2H3F30, methyl C3H60, monochlorosilane SiH3CI, neon Ne, Nitrilchlorid N02CI, Nitrilfluorid N02F, nitrosyl bromide NOBr, nitrosyl NOCI, nitrosyl fluoride NOF, octafluorobutene-1-1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4 C4F8, octafluorocyclobutane C4F8, octafluoropropane C3F8, octafluorotetrahydrofuran C4F80, oxalodinitrile C2N2, ozone 03, pentafluoroethane C2HF5, pentafluoromethoxyethane-1,1, 1,2,2-2 C3H3F50, pentafluoropropane-1,1,1,2,2 C3H3F5, pentafluoropropane-1,1,1,2,3 C3H3F5, pentafluoropropane-1,1,1,3,3 C3H3F5, perchloryl fluoride CIF03 , Perfluorobutane C4F10, Pe rfluorobutene-2 C4F8, perfluorodimethoxymethane C3F802, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether C4F80, perfluoroisobutane C4F10, perfluoroisobutene C4F8i perfluoromethyl vinyl ether C3F60,

Perfluoroxetane C3F60, phosgene COCI2, phosphonium chloride PH4CI,

Phosphorus chloride tetrafluoride PCIF4, Phosphordibromtrifluorid PBr2F3t phosphorus pentafluoride PF5i phosphorus trifluoride PF3, phosphine PH3 phosphoryl POF3, Phospordichlortrifluorid PCL2F3, propadiene C3H4i Propadiendion-1.2-1.3 C302t propane C3H8, propene C3H6t propyne C3H4, radon Ra, oxygen 02t oxygen difluoride OF2, Schwefelbrompentafluorid SBrF5 sulfur chlorine pentafluoride SCIF5 , Sulfur dioxide S02t Sulfur hexafluoride SF6, Sulfur pentafluoride hypofluorite F5SOF, Sulfur tetrachloride SCI4, Sulfur tetrafluoride SF4, Hydrogen sulfide H2S, Selenium dioxide fluoride Se02F2,

Selenium hexafluoride SeF6, hydrogen selenide H2Se, silane SiH4, silicon tetrafluoride SiF4 nitrogen N2, nitric oxide NO, nitrogen trifluoride NF3i sulfuryl fluoride SO2F2, tellurium hexafluoride TeF6, tellurium hydrogen TeH2, tetraborane B4H10, tetrafluorodiborane B2F4, tetrafluorodimethyl ether 1,1,1 ', 1' C2H2F40, tetrafluoroethane-1 , 1,1,2,2-C2H2F4iTetrafluoroethane-1,1,2,2C2H2F4i tetrafluoroethene C2F4, tetrafluorohydrazine N2F4, tetrafluoromethane CF4, tetrafluoropropene-2,3,3,3C3H2F4, thionyl fluoride SOF2, thiophosphorus chloride difluoride PSCIF2, thiophosphorus trifluoride PSF3, thiothionyl fluoride SSF2, trichlorofluorosilane SiCI3F , Trifluoroacetonitrile C2F3N, trifluoroacetyl chloride C2CIF30, trifluoramine oxide NOF3, trifluorobutane-1,1,1 C4H7F3, trifluoroethane-1,1,1C2H3F3, trifluoroethane-1,1,2C2H3F3,

Trifluoroethene C2HF3, trifluoro-iodomethane CF3I, trifluoromethane CHF3, trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether C2HF50, trifluoromethylsulphur pentafluoride CF8S, trifluoromethylsilane CH3F3Si, trifluoromethyltetrafluoroethylether-1,1,2,2 C3HF70, trifluoropropane-1,1,1 C3H5F3, trifluoropropane-1,2,2 C3H5F3, trifluoropropene-3 , 3,3 C3H3F3, trifluoropropyne-3,3,3-1C3HF3, trifluorosilane SiHF3, trimethylamine C3H9N, trimethylborane C3H9B, trimethylsilane C3H10Si, vinylacetylene C4H4, hydrogen-n H2, hydrogen-p H2, tungsten hexafluoride WFSiXenon Xe, tin tetrahydride SnH4i

In Table 1, in column one, a selection of substances 43 which may comprise the sensor 4 is shown, where column two shows the substances detectable therewith.

Table 1:

In the following, advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object are described by way of example, wherein the sensor arrangements of FIGS. 1 to 13, the measuring device of FIG. 14 or the sensors of FIGS. 15 to 26 are preferably used:

3 shows a sensor arrangement 10 which is applied to a measurement object 5, in this embodiment the skin of a person. The wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3 lies gas-tight on the measuring object or skin and thus forms a gas-tight measuring chamber 3. From the skin or the object of measurement 5 continuously occur water vapor and other substances, which are enriched in the measuring chamber 3. Depending on the value of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) value, more or less particles or gases will be released from the skin. The moisture sensor 2 detects the moisture value within the measuring chamber 3 and transmits it to the processing unit 40, for example a microcontroller. The sensors 4a and 4b detect the value of a substance within the measuring chamber 3, for example sulfur and carbon dioxide, and also forward these detected values to the processing unit 40. The processing unit 40 determines the TEWL value by means of the humidity measured by the moisture sensor 2 and normalizes it to predefined conditions, e.g. 20 ° C, 40% humidity. This makes it possible to eliminate special premises where measurements are carried out under identical measuring conditions in order to achieve comparability of the measured values. The processing unit 40 can then use the TEWL value and corresponding reference measurements or conversion tables stored on the measuring device 100 to determine the content of the substance, e.g. of carbon dioxide and / or sulfur. Alternatively, the measurement object 5 may also be directly human or animal blood or other body fluids.

As described with reference to FIG. 6, a measurement of the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 can be detected by a corresponding measuring arrangement 10 and used in addition to the calculation of the blood gases or the content of a substance in the measuring object 5 or stored as a separate temperature value with the moisture values.

It is further provided that an image of the position of the measuring chamber 3 during the measurement is taken by means of a camera or an optical sensor integrated in the sensor arrangement and this is used to assess the correct measuring conditions, in particular the correct position or the measuring point itself.

Furthermore, it is provided that via a suction device 9 (FIG. 5) a defined part of the contents or a defined volume of the measuring chamber 3 is sucked off, for example via the opening 32 or 33, thus enriching unwanted substances or an increasing concentration of a measuring element Stoffes is prevented. The suction can be done in particular via a filter 8 to avoid discharge of certain substances.

As an alternative to the instantaneous measurement of the content of a substance within the measuring chamber 3, the duration of the measurement of the time course of the content of the substance, in particular a gas concentration, can also be recorded and recorded. Thus, the time course for assessing the evaporation rate or the absorption or release of a substance by the measurement object 5 can be used. Also, a measurement of the content of a substance, the humidity or other values within the measuring chamber 3 at timely intervals possible, whereby, for example, the change in the evaporation rate can be determined.

Furthermore, it is provided that an evaporation rate of the measurement object or the skin of a person or an animal is predetermined by a heat source 14 arranged in the measuring chamber 3. For this purpose, for example, the temperature can be increased to a certain value or a temperature profile in the measuring chamber 3 can be forced.

After or before the measurement, the measuring chamber 3, the sensors 4a, 4b,..., The moisture sensor 2 or other objects located in the measuring chamber 3 can be heated by means of a heat source such as a Peltier element, thus sterilizing or disinfecting the measuring chamber 3 ,

Furthermore, in particular by means of an environmental sensor 13, the moisture, temperature and / or the content of a substance in the environment of the measuring chamber 3 or of the measuring object 5 can be determined and taken into account for calculating the content of one or more substances in the measuring object 5. This can be done for example by difference method.

In a further step of the method according to the invention, for example via a gas introduction element 12, gas or a defined substance can be introduced into the measuring chamber 3 and thus the measurement of the change in concentration of the introduced gases is determined.

A further alternative step of the method provides that, after the measurement of the concentration or the content of one or more substances has been carried out, a dose for administering an active substance to the measurement object is determined as a function of the content of the substance determined within the measurement subject. The particular dose may then further serve, for example, as a basis for the administration of an active substance.

Determining the content of substances in the bloodstream of a fetus or the placenta:

The placenta enlarges with progressive growth of the fetus and consists of a childish part and a maternal part. The maternal placenta is connected to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The embryo draws oxygen, nutrients and fluid from the mother's blood, and waste products from the child's metabolism are returned via the placenta. The two bloodstreams are separated by a thin membrane, so that the maternal and the child's blood do not mix.

In one embodiment of the invention, the sensor arrangement 10 or the measuring device 100 is designed to measure the content of substances in the placenta. For this purpose, the following sensors are preferably arranged in the measuring chamber 3: a moisture sensor 2 or TEWL sensor, a temperature sensor 7, furthermore the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d,... As o heavy metal sensors (eg Pb, As, Cd) , o alcohol sensors, o sensors for the detection of viruses and bacteria, o sensors for the detection of gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. formed.

The measuring device 100 or the sensor arrangement 10 is placed on the abdomen of the mother, preferably on the area of the abdomen above the placenta or alternatively on the breast of the woman, preferably on the mammary glands. The position of the placenta can be previously determined by ultrasound in order to obtain an optimal position or an optimal measuring point in relation to the placenta. Preferred measuring points for the measurement are on the abdomen near the placenta where the baby has nested or the area of the skin on the nipples and above the milk ducts to allow for pregnant conclusions on the fetus and a non-invasive examination of the fetus. In this case, the waste products can be measured from the child's metabolism, optionally measuring the materials of the mother. The closer the measuring point is to the blood circulation of the embryo or the placenta, the more accurate the higher measured values. Differential measurements at two sites near the circulatory system of the embryo and at a more distant circulatory site can optionally also determine and take into account the content of the mother's substances.

Determination of the blood sugar level with an embodiment of the sensor arrangement as a glucose meter:

In one embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention, a glucose measuring device is provided in the measuring chamber 3 by arranging a moisture sensor 2 or a TEWL sensor and a further sensor 4 designed as a glucose sensor. The temperature in the measuring chamber 3 is brought by means disposed in the measuring chamber 3 heat source 15 above a threshold temperature to bring the human skin for targeted sweating. In sweat is u.a. Contain glucose in dissolved form. With the aid of the sensor 4, the content of glucose in the sweat is measured and transmitted to the processing unit 40. The amount of liquid or sweat is detected by the moisture sensor 2 or the TEWL sensor and also transmitted to the processing unit 40. The glucose value can be determined, for example, in the following steps separately or combined: 1) detection of the TEWL value at the beginning of the measurement as start value and continuous measurement of the TEWL value with determination of the difference between start value and current value, e.g. 2) determination of the glucose value by impedance measurement by means of enzymes as coating which are sensitive to glucose, e.g. Glucose oxidase 3) Determination of the amount of sweat e.g. via defined capillary or holes in the cap 20, the measuring chamber 3 or the measurement of the extracted from the opening 32 welding amount;

The determination of glucose can be carried out according to the following principle:

Oxidation of glucose by the glucose oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of the Ci carbon atom of the sugar. This produces gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide. The gluconic acid is spontaneously or enzymatically produced by gluconolactonase from the lactone. The hydrogen peroxide is then reduced to water in a downstream color reaction. This color reaction is catalyzed by a peroxidase (POD) - mostly horseradish peroxidase. Therefore, sometimes the "GOD / POD test" is mentioned. In addition, via the hydrogen peroxide formed by means of electrochemical measurement, quantification, i. a precise determination of the concentration of glucose.

In order to achieve an advantageous amount of sweat, the temperature in the measuring chamber 3 is increased and maintained by means of the heat source 14 to at least 24 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. By measuring the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity in the vicinity of the measuring chamber, in particular with an environmental meter 15, the framework conditions of the measurement are determined. Already on the body surface befindlicher sweat can be changed by, for example, bacteria in its ingredients. Therefore, the difference to the existing sweat, the so-called "add on" is advantageously measured. By an advantageous embodiment of the measuring chamber 3 or placing a cap 20, the already located on the surface sweat can be removed, for example by pressure / pressing a cover or the cap 20 or by cleaning the measuring point before the measurement.

By optional or additional pH measurement, by means of a sensor 4 designed as a pH sensor, the condition of the measurement object 5 or of the skin can be determined improved. Due to the pH, any existing

Surface bacteria or defects of the skin are additionally determined so that these influences can be taken into account in the measurement or the measurement can be repeated at another, more suitable measuring point.

Particularly advantageous is the measuring chamber 3 for measuring the blood sugar level or the measurement of blood gases by means of an open-pore ceramic carrier or silicon with defined holes or plastic film, e.g. Cover PETG with pores or holes or the glucose sensor or generally the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... equip it. The diameter of the pores, holes or braids may be chosen, for example, depending on the size of the desired molecule (see Table 2).

Table 2: 1 nm 1x10 9m diameter of the glucose molecule 2 nm 2x109 m diameter of the DNA helix 5 nm 5x109 m diameter of the insulin molecule 6 nm 6x109 m diameter of the hemoglobin molecule 75 nm 7.5x10 "8 m size of a typical virus 200 nm 2x10 "7 m diameter of the smallest bacteria

The diameter of the pores or microholes 14 of the cover or cap 20 is advantageously chosen to be less than 60 nm so that no virus can pass through the cover or reach the sensors. A water molecule has the diameter of 282 pm = 3x10'10 m and can thus pass through the cover or the cover cap 30 and enter the measuring chamber 3, advantageously the measuring chamber and / or cap 20 can be heated prior to the measurement to determine the residual moisture and moisture content remove the sweat / water, water vapor before the measurement. For the normalization of the TEWL value, the ambient temperature and ambient humidity are additionally recorded. This TEWL value is called TEWLNorml. This TEWL standard1 is between 4-8 g / m2h depending on the body region in the skin area. The glucose value is normalized with the TEWL value and then normalized to the blood value. Optionally, the glucose value can be measured in multiple ways or measured in parallel by several glucose sensors.

Claims (48)

claims A sensor arrangement (10) for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object, in particular within a body part, from which continuously emerges vapor or vapor containing a substance comprising a measuring chamber (3) delimiting an area of the surface of the measurement object, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) comprises a moisture sensor (2), wherein the moisture sensor (2) is arranged such that the moisture within the measuring chamber (3) can be measured, - that the sensor arrangement (10) at least one further sensor (4) for detecting the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber (3) comprises and that a processing unit (40) which is connected downstream of the moisture sensor (2) and the sensor (4) is provided which records the measured values of the sensor (4) and the moisture sensor (2). and - that the processing unit (40) determines the content of the substance within the measurement object by d Determines the determined content of the substance in the measuring chamber (3) to the determined in the measuring chamber (3) moisture in relation. 2. Sensor arrangement (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3), cuboid, cylinder, - bell-shaped or dome-shaped, in particular the moisture sensor (2) and / or the sensor (4) in the area the curvature of the measuring chamber (3) are arranged. 3. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3) has a gas-tight wall (31) and when placed on an object, in particular the skin of a person, one to the environment of the measuring chamber (3). gas-tight measuring space (1) is formed. 4. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moisture sensor (2) is designed as a sensor for detecting the transepidermal water loss. 5. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of sensors (4a, 4b, 4c, ...) is provided, wherein the sensors (4a, 4b, 4c, ...) arranged such are that they measure the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber (3). 6. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (4) or the sensors (4a, 4b, 4c, ..) are arranged in the interior of the measuring chamber (3). 7. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (4) or at least one of the sensors (4a, 4b, ..) a photomultiplier, in particular a mycro photomultiplier, a gas sensor and / or a particle sensor and / or molecule sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or a ph sensor. 8. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) comprises a temperature sensor (7) which is arranged in particular in the measuring chamber (3), wherein the temperature in the measuring chamber (3) with the Temperature sensor (7) is measurable, wherein the processing unit (40) stores the temperature values, in particular in a memory (41) and used to determine the content of the substance. 9. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3), in particular the wall (31) of the measuring chamber (3), an opening (32), wherein the opening (32) the wall ( 31) of the measuring chamber (3) passes completely through, so that a part of the medium in the measuring chamber (3) emerges. 10. sensor arrangement (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the wall (31) in the region of the opening (32) by a filter (8) is continued, which is disposed within the opening (32) or that the opening (32 ) is covered by a filter (8). 11. Sensor arrangement (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that wherein the filter (8) .Aktivkohle, fiberglass wool, sintered material, ceramic, plastic film with pores or holes, metal in particular stainless steel with holes, silicon with holes and / or germanium with holes having. 12. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) has a suction device (9), wherein by the suction device (9), in particular via the opening (32), a defined part of Volume of the located in the measuring chamber (3) content is sucked. 13. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moisture sensor (2) and the sensor (4), in particular the sensors (4a, 4b, ...), on a common carrier (22), in particular a board, are arranged. 14. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) has a gas introduction element (12) for introducing gases into the measuring chamber (3), wherein through the gas introduction element (12), in particular via an entry opening (33) in the wall (31) of the measuring chamber (3), gas and / or ambient air in the measuring chamber (3) can be introduced. 15. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3) is covered by a cap (20), wherein the wall of the cap (20), in particular the end wall (21), radiation, vapor - Has formed, moisture, particle, and / or translucent and / or a number of, in particular vapor-permeable or gas-permeable, femto-, pico-, nano - - or micro holes (14). 16. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) has an environmental sensor (13) which is arranged in particular on the outside of the wall facing the environment (31) measuring chamber (3), wherein the Humidity and / or the temperature of the environment through the environmental sensor (13) is measurable. 17. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3) has a cross section with a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or a length between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or the distance between the sensors ( 4a, 4b, ...), in particular the carrier plate (22), from the end of the measuring chamber (3) is 0.2 mm to 2 mm. 18. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (4) or the sensors (4a, 4b, ...) - each with a substance (43) acted upon carrier body (42) and at least two from one another in the measuring chamber (3) befindlicher substance by the substance (43) is reversibly receivable, - that the carrier body (42) from or with an open-pore porous, humidity-invariant, non-hygroscopic and high is made of inner stiffness - that at least the pores (44) of the carrier material with the substance (43), preferably with an inorganic salt (43 ') in dissolved, liquid, solid or crystalline form, filled or at least on their surfaces or Walls (45) are coated and - that the conductance and / or electrical permittivity of the substance (43), in particular of the salt (43 '), of the content of the substance of mi t the material of the support body (42) which has been brought into contact or standing in contact therewith, is reproducibly functionally dependent. 19. Sensor arrangement (10) according to claim 18, characterized in that the substance (43) in and on the carrier body (42) is a salt or an enzyme or mixtures of these. 20. Sensor arrangement (10) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the carrier body (42) made of an open pore (44) having material, preferably from a dead or dead burned mineral oxide, in particular aluminum oxide (Al203) and / or magnesium oxide (MgO) or of an open-pore foam or sintered metal. 21. Sensor arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the carrier body (42) consists of printed circuit board material, etched in the pores on the surface and / or, preferably with a laser, are baked or the circuit board as such via pores features. 22. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the electrodes (41) are formed by embedded in the pores of the carrier body (42) metal. 23 sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the carrier body (42) has a layered structure, and at least one continuous macroscopic recess (45), - by the recess (45) given passage area the carrier body (2) is coated at least superficially with the substance (43) and - the electrodes (41) are arranged on, in particular opposite, sides of the carrier body (42). 24. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that in and / or on the carrier body (42) or on the carrier material at least two electrodes (41) are arranged, which has a current flow and / or a charge displacement at least in the substance (43), in particular in the salt (43 '), in the pores (44 of the carrier material of the carrier body (42) and / or on the surface of the carrier body (42). 25. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the electrodes (41) are arranged superficially on the surface of the carrier body (42) or of its carrier material, and that the substance (43) in the pores (44) of the carrier material, and optionally in the region between the two electrodes (41), optionally wherein the carrier material (42) and at least one of the electrodes (41) at least partially covered with a layer of the substance (43) on its surface are. 26. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that the electrodes (41) extend into the carrier body (42) or pass through it, wherein the substance (43) coated or filled pores (44) of the carrier body (42) are arranged in the region between the electrodes (41), so that a flow of current and / or a charge displacement between them is made possible. 27. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (10) comprises a heat source (14) for disinfecting the measuring chamber (3) and / or for heat input into the measuring chamber (3), wherein the heat source ( 14) is in particular a Peltier element or a heating coil. 28. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the measuring chamber (3) a light source (15) and / or spectrum source, in particular an LED lamp is arranged, - that the light source (15) or spectrum source on the surface of the object to be measured is closed by the measuring chamber (3), that an optical sensor (18) is provided which is directed onto the region of the surface of the object to be measured which is closed by the measuring chamber (3) Sensor (18) and the light source (15) or spectrum source in an overlap region overlap and in particular the overlap region is selected such that the absorption or reflection is increased or decreased in the presence of the substance to the absorption or reflection in the absence of the substance in the overlap region. 29. Sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring chamber (3) is divided into a number of, in particular gas-tight demarcated, subregions (34a, 34b, ...), wherein in at least one of the subregions (34a, 34b, ...) or within the subregions (34a, 34b, ...) at least one sensor (4) and / or moisture sensor (2) and / or temperature sensor (7) is arranged. 30 sensor arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in or on at least one wall (31) of the measuring chamber (3) at least two electrodes are arranged such that when the sensor arrangement (10) on the measuring object (5 ) An impedance measurement between the two electrodes can be made or that in particular the electrodes contact two in the cover cap (20) arranged electrodes. 31. Measuring device (100) comprising a sensor arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 30. 32. A method for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object, in particular within a body part, from which continuously emerges vapor or vapor containing a substance, in particular with a sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30 or a measuring device according to claim 31, characterized - That in the area above the measurement object a closed measuring chamber (3) is formed, - that the moisture, in particular the humidity, and the content of the substance within the measuring chamber (3) is measured, and - that determines the content of the substance within the measuring object is set by the determined content of the substance in the measuring chamber (3) to the in the measuring chamber (3) determined moisture, in particular by a processing unit (40) in relation. 33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the content of a number of substances in the measuring chamber (3), in particular by a number of sensors (4a, 4b, ...), is determined and - that the content of the substances within is determined by the determined content of the substances in the measuring chamber (3) to the in the measuring chamber (3) determined humidity, in particular by a processing unit (40) in relation. 34. The method according to any one of claims 32 or 33, characterized in that by means of a temperature sensor (7) within the measuring chamber (3) prevailing temperature value is detected, and - that the temperature value in the determination of the content of the substance, in particular the substances, considered or included. 35. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that an optical sensor, in particular a camera, detects the position of the measuring chamber (3) to or at the measuring object and stored and / or used to assess the measurement. 36. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that, in particular by a suction device (9), the content, in particular via a filter (8), is sucked out of the measuring chamber (3). 37. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that the duration of the measurement and the time course of the content of the substance, in particular a gas concentration is recorded and recorded and used to assess the Ausdampfungsrate or the inclusion of a substance by the measurement subject becomes. 38. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that the surface of the measurement object and / or the measurement object - by means of a, in particular within the measuring chamber (3) mounted, heat source (14) is heat-treated, and / or - is heated to a certain temperature, - and thereby a certain Ausdampfungsrate is achieved. 39. Method according to claim 32, characterized in that before and / or after completion of the measurement, the measuring chamber (3) and / or the sensors (4a, 4b, ...), in particular the entire sensor arrangement (10) is disinfected by heating by a, in particular in the sensor assembly (10) integrated, heat source (7). 40. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 39, characterized in that the moisture, in particular the humidity, and / or the temperature of the environment of the measuring chamber (3) is detected and the determined moisture, temperature and / or the content of the substance in the measuring chamber (3) in relation to the measured values detected in the environment of the measuring chamber (3), in particular by means of differential method, evaluated or set. 41. Method according to claim 32, characterized in that before or during the measurement, in particular by means of a gas introduction element (12), one or more gases are introduced into the measuring chamber (3) and the measurement of the change in concentration of the introduced gases is determined becomes. 42. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 41, characterized in that the real concentration in the measurement object or the concentration of the blood gases is determined by converting the measured values. 43. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 42, characterized in that, in particular by a suction device (9), a negative pressure for accelerating the outgassing from the measurement object in the measuring chamber (3) is generated. 44. Method according to claim 32, characterized in that, after the measurement has taken place, a dose for the administration of an active substance to the measurement object is determined depending on the content of the substance determined within the measurement subject, and in particular that said active substance administered in the dose determined by the measurement. 45. Use of a sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30 or a measuring device according to claim 31 for the determination of the blood gases of a human or an animal. 46. Use of a sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30 or a measuring device according to claim 31 for determining the content of substances of the blood circulation of a fetus or the placenta. 47. Use of a sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30 or a measuring device according to claim 31 for determining the alcohol content and / or illegal substances and / or drugs in the blood, in particular via the skin. 48. Use of a sensor arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 30 or a measuring device according to claim 31 for determining the blood sugar level.