AT505371A2 - PRINT CHAMBER AND METHOD FOR OPTICAL MONITORING - Google Patents

Description

P-500218-EN • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Μ

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Pressure chamber and method for their optical monitoring

The invention relates to a pressure chamber having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for optical monitoring of a pressure chamber or a combustion chamber having the features of the preamble of the independent method claim. For the optimization of high-pressure processes, optical monitoring is often necessary. This applies in particular to the optimization of engine combustion processes and chemical reactions, which must be made optically accessible for monitoring and control. However, optical monitoring is made more difficult by the fact that the processes taking place under high pressure generally take place in a pressure vessel or in a combustion chamber 15. High demands are placed on the dimensioning and strength of the pressure vessels and combustion chambers, since these are considerably burdened by the high pressure forces prevailing in the interior.

PRIOR ART In order to make a high-pressure process optically accessible, at least part of the wall of the pressure vessel or combustion chamber must be made of an optically permeable medium. This creates a so-called "optically accessible pressure vessel". or an "optically accessible combustion chamber". For this purpose, mostly quartz glass is used, which consists of the purest silicon dioxide. Such a Fens 25 teranordnung on a combustion chamber wall is, for example, from DE 43 20 943 A1.

An internal combustion engine with a transparent cylinder jacket continues to be known from GB 1 345 279 A. In order to ensure an undisturbed view of the moving piston and the combustion processes, the internal combustion engine has no conventional piston lubrication, but is in its other construction on known ··· ···· ι ··· ···· ···· · ···· ·

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Construction ajar. A metallic cylinder head is bolted to the crankcase via a plurality of threaded bolts, whereby the transparent cylindrical glass shell is braced at the same time.

Since the thermal expansion of the steel engine components is many times greater than that of quartz glass (about 20 times), the different dimensions must be taken into account in the construction of the optically transparent engine parts, since the otherwise occurring temperature stresses in the voltage-sensitive glass cause problems being able to lead.

Another practical problem is the deposition of combustion residues on all surfaces of the combustion chambers, whereby the transparent sections have after a very short time a coating which reduces the optical quality or makes further observations impossible. From a certain degree of contamination of the glass, a trial must be interrupted and the glass cleaned to restore the transparency. 15

task

A first object of the present invention is to provide a pressure chamber in which different temperature expansion behavior of various wall components lead to no problems. 20 Another object of the invention is cleaning times of printing and

To minimize combustion chambers in the interest of shortest possible interruptions of experimental procedures largely.

These objects of the invention are achieved with the objects of the independent claims. Features of advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the respective dependent claims.

A pressure chamber with the features of claim 1, which comprises a jacket region and a head region clamped pressure-tightly with the jacket region, is characterized in that at least a first section of the jacket region is clamped by fluid pressure against the head region and / or against further portions of the jacket region , In this way, on the one hand, a defined precursor can be used. ♦ · ··························································

P-500218-EN ··· ··································································································· can be kept upright and largely constant under all operating conditions. On the other hand, this can compensate for temperature fluctuations and different thermal expansion behavior of each different materials clamped together. The first section of the mantle region, which is tensioned by means of fluidic pressure, can in particular be an annular section of the hollow-cylindrical shaped mantle region. The pressure chamber according to the invention can thus be substantially any conceivable embodiment of a pressure chamber, a combustion chamber, a motor combustion chamber o. The like., The wall or chamber components may consist of different Mate-10 rialien u.U. can have very different coefficients of expansion with temperature fluctuations.

The pressure chamber according to the invention has significant advantages, in particular, when the fluid-tight first jacket region section is at least partially optically transparent. Mineral glass sections or glass rings are used in particular for such optically transparent wall components of pressure chambers or combustion chambers, so that the advantages mentioned come into play especially when the fluidically strained first jacket region section comprises glass, in particular mineral glass or quartz glass, or completely made of mineral glass or quartz glass. 20 In so-called transparent engines, in which parts of a cylindrical surface of

Glass are formed, cylinder head and cylinder jacket are usually screwed by means of steel screws with the motor housing. The different thermal expansions of the steel screws and the quartz glass (astahi = 21 - aluminum alloys) lead to fluctuating bolt pretensioning forces, which are directly dependent on the operating temperature 25. The preload forces are highest at low temperatures (e.g., room temperature) and decrease with increasing operating temperature. The bolt preload is to be selected during assembly so that even at high operating temperatures, the reduced by different thermal expansion preload force is sufficient to seal the combustion chamber. The screw preload force, which is no longer influenceable during operation of the motor, leads to a high axial compressive force on the cylinder jacket surface at low operating temperature, which is formed at least in sections by a glass ring in a transparent motor. In the pressure chamber according to the invention now the glass ring is no longer on the conventional clamping screws

P-500218-EN

-4- braced with the cylinder head, but via a fluidically generated biasing pressure. The tension can in turn take place against the cylinder head, but is decoupled from the mechanical bias of conventional cylinder head tension screws. In order to realize this, it can be provided, for example, that the fluidically clamped first jacket region section or the glass ring rests against a further or second, linearly displaceable section of the jacket region. This further or second displaceable section of the jacket region can be actuated according to the invention with fluidic pressure and linearly displaceable in the direction of the head region. In the case of an internal combustion engine, the second section of the jacket region may in particular be a part of the cylinder which braces the glass ring against the cylinder head.

A further embodiment variant of the invention provides that, when the displaceable second section of the holding area is remote from the head area, the first section of the jacket area braced against the head area is accessible from the inside. In particular, it may be provided that, when the displaceable second section of the jacket region is remote from the head region, the first section of the jacket region which is braced against the head region is detachable and removable. In order to clean the glass ring at its combustion chamber side surface of combustion residues, with the present invention, an access between the glass ring and Zylin-20 derkopf or between the glass ring and cylinder jacket created without the cylinder head or parts of the engine must be dismantled. While in the conventional transparent engines for such purifications of the engine partially dismantled and laboriously adjusted during assembly, in the pressure chamber according to the invention by simply lowering the fluid pressure access to the glass-25 ring created or this can be dismantled from the engine.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure chamber forms a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the head portion forms a cylinder head, the first shell portion portion an optically transmissive window below the cylinder head and the fluid operable second Mantelbereichsab-30 forms part of a cylinder jacket. In such an application of the invention, the advantages of which are particularly clear, since in conventional transparent engines, the combustion engine can not yet be examined at high combustion chamber pressures, since the capacity of the quartz glass is not sufficient. Therefore ···························

P-500218-EN-US ·················································· ·········· ····· -5- the well-known transparent motors can only be visually examined in the partial load range. Examination of the full load range, with high combustion chamber pressures, was previously not possible due to the limited strength and strength of the quartz glass. The load capacity of the glass due to the combustion chamber pressure was significantly reduced by the bolt pretensioning forces. The cleaning of the glass required in conventional transparent engines an elaborate disassembly of the cylinder head and the entire periphery (intake and exhaust ports, measurement technology, fuel supply, etc.) or lowering the cylinder jacket, each with subsequent complex adjustment of the screw bias. As a result, the test procedures were interrupted for a long time, whereby an undesirable cooling of the engine was also carried out.

These disadvantages can now all be satisfactorily eliminated with the device according to the invention, since the fluidic preload pressure can be kept upright even with temperature and pressure changes of the pressure chamber or in the combustion chamber and, in particular, can be kept substantially constant. When lowering the cylinder jacket, on which the glass ring rests, the glass ring can either be cleaned from the inside or removed from its support surface. The subsequent adjustment is preferably carried out by an appropriate fit and by the pressurization with adjustable fluid pressure, so that under all operating conditions constant installation conditions and pressure values for the sensitive glass ring can be ensured.

A preferred embodiment of the invention can provide that the first casing area section remains clamped without clearance between the second casing area section and the head area via intermediate plates, even with thermal expansions. 25 These intermediate discs may, for example. Made of suitable plastic such as PTFE o. The like. Exist, which can provide in expanding metal parts for a play-free clamping of the glass ring.

As a pressurized fluid is, for example, gas in question, especially air. Optionally, the pressurized fluid may also be a liquid, wherein the pressurized fluid may optionally also provide for the removal of undesirably high temperature peaks, which act on the cylinder jacket. By skillful arrangement of cooling channels, the pressure fluid, for example, simultaneously act as a cooling liquid. t * · «+ ♦ • t · ···· ·· · ········· ·

For the Optically transparent regions of the combustion chamber may preferably mineral glass, in particular quartz glass are used, since this material has favorable optical properties and at the same time the required mechanical strength values and a sufficient temperature resistance. The optically transparent region of the pressure chamber may optionally be designed as a circumferential ring of the combustion chamber outer surface. Alternatively, the transparent region can cover only a part of the circumference of the combustion chamber or the pressure chamber and, for example, be formed as a window in a metallic ring.

A third object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring of 10 pressure and combustion chambers available, which can run as long as possible trouble-free and under largely constant experimental conditions.

This objective is achieved with the subject matter of the independent method claim. The method according to the invention for optically monitoring a pressure chamber or a combustion chamber, which comprises a jacket region and a head region clamped in a pressure-resistant manner to the jacket region, and which has a window arrangement in or on a jacket region section with an optically transparent region whose inner surface forms part of the Forming combustion chamber wall, provides that at least a first portion of the jacket portion is clamped by means of fluid pressure against the head portion and / or against other portions of the jacket portion 20. The further or second jacket region section can be displaced linearly against the head region by fluidic pressurization. This has the advantage that the first jacket region section becomes accessible and / or removable from the inside when the second jacket region section is pushed linearly away from the head region. As a result, the first jacket region section, which can be a glass ring 25 in particular, can be easily accessed and can be removed for cleaning or maintenance purposes.

The biasing force in the inventive arrangement or in the inventive method is set by the pressure of the pressure fluid. In principle, any suitable liquid can be used as the pressurized fluid, for example a suitable hydraulic oil. A pressure reducing valve can be used in conjunction with an accumulator in the hydraulic system for a constant and independent of the operating temperature oil pressure and thus for a constant biasing force on the glass ring ···························································································· ···

P-500218-EN • ········································································································································································ Thus, the axial load of the glass is minimized by the biasing force at all operating temperatures. The glass ring, in contrast to a highly tempered glass ring, can withstand higher combustion chamber pressures. 5 By means of a hydraulic valve, the oil or the pressurized fluid can be drained from the pressure chamber, whereby the movable part of the cylinder jacket is moved down and releases access to the glass space for cleaning. By applying pressure oil to the hydraulic cylinder, the movable part of the cylinder jacket is moved upwards again. The broken for cleaning Motorenver-10 search can be continued after a very short interruption time and without major delays due to a biasing force setting.

The device and the method allow the investigation of engine combustion processes at higher combustion chamber pressures than before, since the formation of axial temperature stresses in the glass ring is largely prevented. Furthermore, cleaning times can be reduced. In addition, damage to the

Glass prevented due to set too high biasing forces inappropriate assembly. Since more expensive lenses have been destroyed by improper mounting in conventional transparent engines, the cost can be reduced by the invention. The present invention is basically in all areas of the optical

Observing, monitoring and analyzing processes that occur at high pressures. In this connection, it should be noted that the invention is not only suitable for monitoring combustion processes in combustion chambers of internal combustion engines, but generally for optically making available 25 high-pressure processes in pressure chambers of various designs. While a typical combustion chamber diameter may have a value of approx. 100 mm, higher combustion chamber pressures can also be achieved with significantly smaller pressure chambers due to the better controllable glass properties. Furthermore, a halving of the inner diameter of the pressure chamber 30 to be observed to about 50 mm with an approximate halving of the load on the mechanical parts by the combustion chamber pressure, in particular the transparent walls of the pressure chamber, go along. The main effect of reducing the pressure chamber is the reduction of the load on the glass by the internal pressure. A minor

P-500218-EN ························································································································································································································· increase of admissible loading capacity of glass, etc. Also based on the lower probability of defects and structural defects at smaller sizes.

Significantly smaller pressure chambers can be used, for example, in chemical process technology 5. The invention can also be used not only with rings and windows made of glass materials, but also with components made of other materials, but which are preferably optically transparent. Optionally, the shape of the optically transmissive components may also differ from the exemplified ring shape. 10

embodiment

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same parts in the figures are generally designated by the same reference numerals and are therefore 15 not partially explained several times. It should also be emphasized at this point that the embodiment described below is intended to contribute to the understanding of the invention, but by no means limiting the concept of the invention is to be understood.

1 shows a schematic sectional view of a variant of a pressure chamber according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a variant of the arrangement according to the invention in ready state.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of the variant according to FIG. 2 in a maintenance state. 25 The schematic sectional illustration of FIG. 1 shows a pressure chamber 10 on

Example of a combustion chamber 12 of an internal combustion engine, which has a jacket region 14 and a head region 16 clamped in a pressure-tight manner with the jacket region 14. According to the present invention, a jacket region portion 18 is clamped against the head region 16 by means of fluid pressure. In the exemplary embodiment shown, which essentially relates to a combustion chamber 12 which is known per se, the invention relates to a combustion chamber 12 known per se ί *. I! . **. And also uses its designations, the lower portion of the skirt portion 14 forms part of the cylinder 20 which faces downwards. *** " towards a crankcase of an engine block (not shown) opens. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the jacket region section 18 braced by means of fluidic pressure against the head region 16 forms the upper part of the cylinder 20, which is also referred to below as a movable part of the cylinder jacket or as a bushing 22. This bushing 22 is usually made of metal, for example. Of cast iron or a light metal alloy. However, it can also be made of a suitable steel alloy and optionally with cooling channels (not shown) for heat removal of the heat of combustion ver-10 be seen.

Between the casing portion 18 and the bushing 22 and the head portion 16, which is referred to below as a cylinder head 24, an annular portion 26 of the shell portion is arranged, which is clamped by means of the bushing 22 from below against the cylinder head 24. The annular Ab-15 section 26 is referred to in the present description as .First coat area portion "26, while the liner 22 in this context as another or as .Zweiter Mantelbereichsabschnitt" 18 is designated. The annular portion 26 may be formed according to the present invention, in particular as a transparent ring or as a glass ring 28, whereby a so-called. Transparent motor is formed 20, the combustion processes can be observed from the outside, eg. By means of a direction indicated in Fig. 1 camera 30

Between the cylinder 20 and sleeve 22, a pressure reservoir 32 is formed, which is acted upon by pressure fluid 34 from a storage reservoir, wherein the pressure of the pressure fluid is adjustable so that the liner 22 and the glass ring 28 with defined tem and constant pressure against the cylinder head 24 are pressed and strained.

In a first, simplest variant of the pressure chamber 10 according to the invention, the bushing 22 and the glass ring 28 is clamped only against the cylinder head 24, kept constant due to the fluid pressure acting from below on the bushing 22 under all operating conditions and also at changing temperatures and combustion chamber pressures can be. In particular, for the pressure-sensitive Giasring 28 defined and constant pressure values can be ensured in this way, so that no mechanical damage is to be feared. While in conventional transparent engines, the cylinder head over the Zy- ♦♦ * t ··

P-500218-EN ························································································································································································································· ·· -10- linderkopfschrauben braced the cylinder jacket together with the glass ring sitting thereon, so that with increasing temperature expansions and the biasing force for the cylinder head and the glass ring is reduced with increasing pressure, the pressure chamber according to the invention with the aid of fluidic or 5 hydraulic biasing pressure the Preload force for the braced parts are kept substantially constant, even if high combustion chamber pressures and high combustion temperatures occur.

With reference to Figures 2 and 3, a particularly preferred variant of the pressure chamber according to the invention and a method for greatly simplified maintenance 10 of the transparent parts will be described. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the arrangement according to the invention in an operational state, while the schematic sectional illustration of FIG. 3 illustrates the variant according to FIG. 2 in a maintenance state.

As already illustrated with reference to FIG. 1, the glass ring 28 between Zylin-15 derlaufbüchse 22 and cylinder head 24 is braced, as long as the pressure reservoir 32 between the lower shoulder 36 of the bushing 22 and the corresponding shoulder 38 of the cylinder 20 with the pressure fluid 34 with defined pressure is charged. In this operational state, the combustion chamber can be operated and the combustion processes taking place can be observed from outside through the transparent glass ring 28.

Additional discs 40 and 42 are used for better centering of the glass ring 28 and its reliable fixation even with different thermal expansions of the glass ring 28 and the adjacent components, namely cylinder head 24 above and Zylinderiaufbüchse 22 below the glass ring 28. The upper disc 40 25 is in a corresponding annular recess inserted in the cylinder head 24 and may optionally be additionally fixed there. The lower disc 42 may be of the same size and dimensions as the upper disc 40. It lies in a correspondingly fitting receptacle on the upper end face of Zylinderiaufbüchse 22 and there may also be additionally fixed. As a material for the discs 40 and 42 is suitable 30, for example. PTFE or other suitable plastic, which must be sufficiently temperature and pressure resistant to meet the intended use. Since the metallic parts 24 and 22 expand significantly more rapidly with increasing temperature than the glass ring 28, this could become loose, which is caused by the disks 40 and 42. [• ·· ·· & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & P-500218-EN is reliably prevented. In addition, the discs 40 and 42 can serve as sealing discs, since the direct material pairing glass-metal carries the risk of showing leaks during prolonged operation.

With a relaxed pressure reservoir 32 according to FIG. 3, the liner 22, which acts as a linear displaceable cylinder, is displaced downwards, whereby the glass ring 28 resting on the upper end face is separated from the cylinder head 24. The glass ring 28 is now accessible from the inside and can be cleaned. However, it can also be easily removed from the engine so that it can be cleaned even more effectively. This can be done in a very short time, so that the Transparent-10 engine hardly cools down. In addition, the test series are interrupted only briefly during such a cleaning process.

In order to remove the glass ring 28 after lowering the bushing 22 at any time easily from its place, the Zylinderstehboizen 44, with which the cylinder head 24 is rigidly bolted to the cylinder 20 and the engine block, 15 expediently sufficiently spaced, as shown the figures 2 and 3 is merely indicated.

The further parts, which are arranged in FIGS. 2 and 3 below the cylinder liner 22, represent an optionally existing mirror arrangement 46, which does not necessarily have to be present and which is not directly related to the present invention. Such mirror arrangements are known from the prior art, for example from the document WO 95/00833 A, so that a more detailed explanation can be dispensed with at this point.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, drawings and claims may be significant to the realization of the invention in its various forms both individually and in any combination thereof. The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications are conceivable that make use of the inventive concept and therefore also fall within the scope.

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List of Reference Numerals 10 pressure chamber 12 combustion chamber 5 14 jacket region 16 head region 18 jacket region 20 cylinder 22 liner 10 24 cylinder head 26 annular segment 28 glass ring 30 camera 32 pressure reservoir 15 34 pressurized fluid 36 paragraph 38 paragraph 40 upper disc 42 lower disc 20 44 cylinder studs 46 mirror arrangement

Claims (17)

P-500218-EN ··· ···· 1. pressure chamber, which comprises a jacket region and a head region clamped pressure-resistant with the jacket region, characterized in that at least a first portion (26) of the holding region by means of fluidic pressure ge the head region (16) and / or against other sections (18) of the jacket area is braced. 2. Pressure chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamped by fluid pressure first portion (26) of the jacket portion is a ringför- 10 miger portion of the hollow cylindrical shell portion. 3. Pressure chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluidically clamped first jacket region portion (26) is at least partially optically transparent. 4. Pressure chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that the fluidically 15 strained first jacket region portion (26) comprises glass, in particular mineral glass or quartz glass. 5. Pressure chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluidically tensioned first jacket region portion (26) rests on a further or second, linearly displaceable portion (18) of the shell 20 area. 6. Pressure chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that the further or second displaceable portion (18) of the jacket region is operable with fluidic pressure and linearly displaceable in the direction of the head region (16). 7. Pressure chamber according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at 25 away from the head region (16) displaceable second portion (18) of the Man telbereich the against the head region (16) braced first portion (26) of the shell region is accessible from the inside. ······ P-500218-EN ··· ············ 8. Pressure chamber according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at the head region (16) remote displaceable second portion (18) of the jacket portion of the against the head portion (16) braced first portion (26) of the jacket portion is detachable and removable. 9. Pressure chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber (10) forms a combustion chamber (12), wherein the head region (16) has a cylinder head (24), the first jacket region portion (26) an optically transmissive window (28 ) forms a part of egg ¬ 10 nes cylinder jacket below the cylinder head (24) and the fluidically operable second jacket portion (18). 10. Pressure chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluidic biasing pressure is maintained even when temperature and pressure changes in the pressure chamber (10) or in the combustion chamber (12), in particular remains substantially constant. 11. Pressure chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first jacket region portion (26) via intermediate discs (40, 42) remains clamped play-free between the second jacket portion (18) and head portion (16) even with thermal expansion. 12. Pressure chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterized marked records 20 that the pressurized fluid (34) is a gas, in particular air. 13. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pressurized fluid (34) is a liquid. 14. A method for optically monitoring a pressure chamber or a combustion chamber, which comprises a jacket region and a head region clamped pressure-tightly with the jacket region 25, and which has a window arrangement in or on a jacket region section with an optically transparent region whose inner surface forms part of the Combustor chamber wall is formed, characterized in that at least a first portion (26) of the shell region is clamped by means of fluid pressure against the head region (16) and / or against further 30 sections (18) of the shell region. P-500218-EN - 15- 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the fluidic biasing pressure is maintained even with temperature and pressure changes in the pressure chamber (10) or in the combustion chamber (12), in particular remains largely constant. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the further or second jacket region portion (18) can be displaced linearly by fluidic pressurization against the head region (16). 17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the first jacket region portion (26) is accessible from the inside and / or removable in the case of the second jacket region portion (18) pushed away linearly from the head region (16).