AT409218B - Use of taurine for improving psychomotor performance and coordination - Google Patents
Use of taurine for improving psychomotor performance and coordination Download PDFInfo
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- AT409218B AT409218B AT19142000A AT19142000A AT409218B AT 409218 B AT409218 B AT 409218B AT 19142000 A AT19142000 A AT 19142000A AT 19142000 A AT19142000 A AT 19142000A AT 409218 B AT409218 B AT 409218B
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- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 6
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
Description
AT 409 21 8 BAT 409 21 8 B
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verwendung von Taurin bzw. Taurin-enthaltenden Zusammensetzungen.The invention relates to the use of taurine or taurine-containing compositions.
Taurin (Aminoethylsulfonsäure) ist ein Metabolit der schwefelhaltigen Aminosäure Cystein. Für Taurin sind eine Reihe von medizinischen und nicht-medizinischen Indikationen beschrieben 5 worden, wie z.B. zur Behandlung von Herzinsuffizienz, Epilepsie, zur Reduktion bzw. zum Vermindern des Entstehens von Körperfett oder zur Lipidperoxidation. Taurin-enthaltende Zusammensetzungen werden unter dem Markennamen Red Bull® verkauft.Taurine (aminoethyl sulfonic acid) is a metabolite of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine. A number of medical and non-medical indications have been described for taurine 5, e.g. for the treatment of heart failure, epilepsy, for reducing or reducing the formation of body fat or for lipid peroxidation. Compositions containing taurine are sold under the Red Bull® brand name.
Die WO 00 62812 A1 betrifft eine Zusammensetzung zur Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistung, welche u.a. Taurin enthält. Was unter "verbesserter kognitiver Leistung" ("Improved Cognitive 10 Performance") im Detail zu verstehen ist, wird jedoch in dieser Entgegenhaltung nicht allgemein erörtert. In den Beispielen bzw. in der Beschreibung werden nur die Verbesserung von "attention-deficit hyperactivity'-Störungen (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) beschrieben. Hierbei werden die vor allem in Beispiel 1 herangezogenen T.O.V.A-Messungen herangezogen.WO 00 62812 A1 relates to a composition for improving cognitive performance, which i.a. Contains taurine. What is meant by " improved cognitive performance " (" Improved Cognitive 10 Performance ") is understood in detail, but is not generally discussed in this document. In the examples and in the description, only the improvement of "attention-deficit hyperactivity" disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) is described. The T.O.V.A measurements used primarily in Example 1 are used here.
In der FR 2 704 391 A wird eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend Taurin beschrieben, die zur 15 Verbesserung von Stress-Adaption führen soll, wobei als Stress-Situationen sowohl physischer Stress (Unfall, Operation, etc.) als auch physiologischer Stress in Frage kommen.FR 2 704 391 A describes a composition containing taurine which is said to lead to an improvement in stress adaptation, whereby both physical stress (accident, surgery, etc.) and physiological stress can be considered as stress situations.
Das US-Patent 4 980 168 A betrifft ebenfalls eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend L-Taurin, welche u.a. bei hyperaktiven Kindern eingesetzt werden kann.U.S. Patent 4,980,168 A also relates to a composition containing L-taurine, which i.a. can be used in hyperactive children.
Schließlich betrifft die US 5 602 150 A die Verwendung von Taurin zur Behandlung oder Ver-20 hinderung von tardiver Dyskinesie in schizophrenen Personen in Kombination mit einem D2-Rezep-tor blockierenden neuroleptischen Arzneimittel.Finally, US Pat. No. 5,602,150 A relates to the use of taurine for the treatment or prevention of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic people in combination with a neuroleptic drug blocking D2 receptor.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt darin, eine neue Verwendung für Taurin oder Taurin-haltige Mittel zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the present invention is to provide a new use for taurine or taurine-containing agents.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung, enthaltend 0,05 bis 25 50 g Taurin/I, 0,1 bis 10 g Glukuronolakton/I, 0,1 bis 1 g Koffein/I, 1 bis 50 g Glukose/I, 10 bis 150 gThis object is achieved by the use of a composition containing 0.05 to 25 50 g of taurine / I, 0.1 to 10 g of glucuronolactone / I, 0.1 to 1 g of caffeine / I, 1 to 50 g of glucose / I, 10 to 150 g
Saccharose/I und 20 bis 500 mg lnosit/l, zur nicht therapeutischen Verbesserung psychomotorischer Leistung und Koordination.Sucrose / I and 20 to 500 mg lnosit / l, for non-therapeutic improvement in psychomotor performance and coordination.
Es hat sich erfindungsgemäß überraschenderweise herausgestellt, dass die psychomotorischen Funktionen eines Säugetiers, inklusive Menschen, durch Gabe der erfindungsgemäßen 30 Zusammensetzung selektiv und signifikant verbessert werden können, und dies obwohl die kognitiven Funktionen, wie etwa Lernen und Gedächtnis, bei Gabe der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung unverändert bleiben und keine Angstzustände bzw. exploratives Verhalten mit einer derartigen Verabreichung verbunden ist.It has surprisingly been found according to the invention that the psychomotor functions of a mammal, including humans, can be selectively and significantly improved by administration of the composition according to the invention, even though the cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, remain unchanged when administration of the composition according to the invention and no anxiety or exploratory behavior is associated with such administration.
Diese Umstände konnten erfindungsgemäß durch anerkannte und standardisierte Tests selek-35 tiv nachgewiesen werden.According to the invention, these circumstances could be selectively proven by recognized and standardized tests.
Erfindungsgemäß werden insbesondere der "water maze-Test" (ein Testsystem für kognitive Funktionen, wie Lernen und Gedächtnis), der "elevated plus maze-Test" (ein Testsystem für Angst und exploratives Verhalten) und der "rota-rod-Test" (ein Assay-System für psychomotorische Leistungsfähigkeit inklusive Koordination) (Jones et al., (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 20 (1968), S. 302-304) 40 und Hamm et al. (J. Neurotrauma. 11 (1994), S. 187-196)). Der "rota-rod-Test" ist ein Standardtest, mit welchem die Motorik in ihrer Gesamtheit getestet werden kann, angefangen von peripherer Regulation bis zum Einfluss des Zentralnervensystems.According to the invention, the " water maze test " (a test system for cognitive functions such as learning and memory), the " elevated plus maze test " (a test system for fear and exploratory behavior) and the " rota-rod test " (an assay system for psychomotor performance including coordination) (Jones et al., (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 20 (1968), pp. 302-304) 40 and Hamm et al. (J. Neurotrauma. 11 (1994) , Pp. 187-196)). The " rota-rod test " is a standard test that can be used to test motor skills in their entirety, from peripheral regulation to the influence of the central nervous system.
Erfindungsgemäß konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Tauringabe ein unverändertes Testergebnis im "water maze-Test" und im "elevated plus maze-Test" ergab während der "rota-rod-Test" 45 signifikant und statistisch relevante Verbesserung der psychomotorischen Leistungen der Koordination zeigte. Das unveränderte Ergebnis der beiden Vortests ist Vorraussetzung für die Evaluierung des "rota-rod-Test"-Systems (Hoeger et al., Life Sei. 66 (2000), Seiten 947-962).According to the invention, it was possible to prove that taurine administration gave an unchanged test result in the " water maze test " and in the " elevated plus maze test " revealed during the " rota-rod test " 45 showed significant and statistically relevant improvement in psychomotor performance of coordination. The unchanged result of the two pre-tests is a prerequisite for the evaluation of the " rota-rod-test " system (Hoeger et al., Life Sei. 66 (2000), pages 947-962).
Erfindungsgemäß kann die Verbesserung psychomotorischer Leistung und Koordination sowohl an gesunden Individuen herbeigeführt werden, aber auch an Patienten, bei welchen die 50 psychomotorische Leistung und Koordination eingeschränkt sind.According to the invention, the improvement in psychomotor performance and coordination can be brought about not only in healthy individuals, but also in patients in whom the psychomotor performance and coordination are restricted.
Bevorzugterweise wird die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Zusammensetzung in wässeriger Lösung zur Verfügung gestellt, d.h., dass eine Zusammensetzung in wässeriger Lösung an das Individuum (Mensch oder Säugetier) verabreicht wird, um die erfindungsgemäßen Effekte zu erhalten. 55 Dabei kann in dem zu verabreichenden Mittel Taurin bevorzugterweise in einer Menge von 0,1 2The composition to be used according to the invention is preferably provided in aqueous solution, i.e. a composition in aqueous solution is administered to the individual (human or mammal) in order to obtain the effects according to the invention. 55 In the agent to be administered, taurine can preferably be used in an amount of 0.1 2
AT 409 218 B bis 100 g/Tag, insbesondere 1 bis 10 g/Tag, oder in einer Konzentration von 0,05 bis 50 g/l, insbesondere 0,5 bis 5 g/l, zur Verfügung gestellt werden bzw. appliziert werden.AT 409 218 B up to 100 g / day, in particular 1 to 10 g / day, or in a concentration of 0.05 to 50 g / l, in particular 0.5 to 5 g / l, can be made available or applied ,
Bevorzugterweise enthält die erfindungsgemäß zu verabreichende Zusammensetzung noch weitere Inhaltsstoffe, insbesondere Vitamine, weitere Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe oder Mischungen dieser Substanzen.The composition to be administered according to the invention preferably contains further ingredients, in particular vitamins, further auxiliaries and additives or mixtures of these substances.
Die jeweiligen Konzentrationen, in denen diese zusätzlichen Stoffe zur Verfügung gestellt werden, sind bevorzugterweise 1,2 bis 2,4 g/l für Glukuronolakton, 0,16 bis 0,32 g/l für Koffein, 10 bis 25 g/l für Glukose, 40 bis 100 g/l für Saccharose, und 100 bis 200 mg/l für Inosit.The respective concentrations in which these additional substances are made available are preferably 1.2 to 2.4 g / l for glucuronolactone, 0.16 to 0.32 g / l for caffeine, 10 to 25 g / l for glucose , 40 to 100 g / l for sucrose, and 100 to 200 mg / l for inositol.
Als Vitamine können insbesondere Niacin, Vitamin B6, Panthenol, Vitamin B2 oder Vitamin B12 vorgesehen werden, wobei bevorzugte Konzentrationen im Bereich von 40 bis 80 mg/l Niacin, 10 bis 20 mg/l Vitamin B6, 10 bis 20 mg/l Panthenol, 3 bis 6 mg/l Vitamin B2 und 1 bis 20 ng Vitamin B12 liegen.In particular, niacin, vitamin B6, panthenol, vitamin B2 or vitamin B12 can be provided as vitamins, preferred concentrations in the range from 40 to 80 mg / l niacin, 10 to 20 mg / l vitamin B6, 10 to 20 mg / l panthenol, 3 to 6 mg / l vitamin B2 and 1 to 20 ng vitamin B12.
Die Erfindung wird an Hand des nachfolgenden Beispiels, auf das sie selbstverständlich nicht eingeschränkt sein soll, näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following example, to which it should of course not be restricted.
Beispiel: 80 weiße, 4 Wochen alte weibliche OF-1-Mäuse (Himberg, Austria) werden für einen Zeitraum von 6 Monaten mit Altromin® (einer Nährstoff Zusammensetzung, enthaltend 23 % Protein, 5,5 % Lipid, 4,4 % Fasern und 5,7 % Aschen (vgl. Lubec et al., Life Sciences 58(25) (1996), 2317-2325; hierin durch Bezugnahme eingeschlossen)) gefüttert und artentsprechend gehalten. Davon hatten 20 freien Zugang zu Wasser, 20 zu einer Lösung aus 4 g/l Taurin (Red Bull®), 20 zu einer 1:1-Mischung aus 4 g/l Taurinlösung (Red Bull®) und Wasser und 20 zu einem fermentierten Teegetränk (Kombucha®). Die Taurinlösung, enthaltend 4 mg/l Taurin (Red Bull®), enthielt daneben noch 2,4 g/l Glukuronolakton, 0,32 g/l Koffein, 86 g/l Saccharose, 21 g/l Glukose, 200 mg Inosit, 80 mg Niacin, 20 mg Vitamin B6, 20 mg Panthenol, 6 mg Vitamin B2 und 0,02 mg Vitamin B12.Example: 80 white, 4-week-old female OF-1 mice (Himberg, Austria) are treated with Altromin® (a nutrient composition containing 23% protein, 5.5% lipid, 4.4% fibers) for a period of 6 months and 5.7% ashes (see Lubec et al., Life Sciences 58 (25) (1996), 2317-2325; incorporated herein by reference)) and kept appropriately. Of these, 20 had free access to water, 20 to a solution of 4 g / l taurine (Red Bull®), 20 to a 1: 1 mixture of 4 g / l taurine solution (Red Bull®) and water, and 20 to a fermented one Tea drink (Kombucha®). The taurine solution, containing 4 mg / l taurine (Red Bull®), also contained 2.4 g / l glucuronolactone, 0.32 g / l caffeine, 86 g / l sucrose, 21 g / l glucose, 200 mg inositol, 80 mg niacin, 20 mg vitamin B6, 20 mg panthenol, 6 mg vitamin B2 and 0.02 mg vitamin B12.
Nach 6 Monaten Fütterung wurden die folgenden Tests durchgeführt (nach Hoeger et al., Life Sei. 66 (2000), S. 947-962): "water maze-Test" "elevated plus maze-Test" und "rota-rod-Test"After 6 months of feeding, the following tests were carried out (according to Hoeger et al., Life Sei. 66 (2000), pp. 947-962): " water maze test " " elevated plus maze test " and " rota rod test "
Beim rota-rod-Test wurden die Mäuse einem Training auf dem Rota-rod-Gerät bei einer Rotationsgeschwindigkeit von 8 UpM unterzogen, bis jedes Tier mindestens 60 s auf dem "Rod" verweilen konnte. Dann wurde die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit von 4 bis 40 UpM gesteigert und die maximale Zeit, die das Tier auf dem rotierenden Stab ("Rod") verbrachte, wurde gemessen.In the rota-rod test, the mice were subjected to training on the Rota-rod device at a rotation speed of 8 rpm until each animal on the " Rod " could linger. Then the rotation speed was increased from 4 to 40 rpm and the maximum time the animal spent on the rotating rod (" rod ") was measured.
Neurologische Untersuchungen wurden gemäß Irwin (Psychopharmacologia 13 (1968), Seiten 222-257) durchgeführt und 16 verschiedene Parameter getestet (Körperposition, räumliche Bewegung, negative Geotaxis, Klippenvermeidung, Transfererregung, Antwort auf akustisches Erschrek-ken, Durchquerung eines engen Weges, Schwanzhebung, Beckenhebung, Fingernäherung, Sichtorientierung, vestikuläres Tropfen, Stärke des Haltes, Gitterverhalten und Körperausrichtung.Neurological examinations were carried out according to Irwin (Psychopharmacologia 13 (1968), pages 222-257) and 16 different parameters were tested (body position, spatial movement, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, transfer excitation, response to acoustic fright, crossing a narrow path, tail lifting, Pelvic elevation, finger approach, visual orientation, vesticular dripping, strength of hold, lattice behavior and body alignment.
Die statistischen Untersuchungen wurden mittels Kruskal Wallis und Mann-Whitney U-Test durchgeführt. Ein p < 0,05 wurde als statistisch signifikant angesehen.The statistical investigations were carried out using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-Test. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Es zeigte sich, dass im "water maze-Test" keine Veränderungen im Vergleich zu Konfrontieren in allen Gruppen gefunden wurde, d.h., dass Lernen und Gedächtnis zu diesem Zeitpunkt in keiner Gruppe von Mäusen verändert war.It turned out that in the " water maze test " No changes compared to confrontation were found in all groups, i.e. that learning and memory were not changed in any group of mice at this time.
Im "elevated plus maze-Test" zeigte sich ebenfalls keine Veränderung hinsichtlich Angst und explorativem Verhalten.In the " elevated plus maze test " there was also no change in fear and exploratory behavior.
Das unveränderte Ergebnis beider Tests ist Vorraussetzung für die Evaluierung des "rota-rod-Systems".The unchanged result of both tests is a prerequisite for the evaluation of the " rota-rod system ".
Im rota-rod-Test betrug die Verweilzeit der Tiere im Mittel wie folgt:The mean residence time of the animals in the rota-rod test was as follows:
Kontrollgruppe (Wasser) 59 s (±11)Control group (water) 59 s (± 11)
Red Bull®:Wasser (Taurin 2 g/l) 71 s (±9)Red Bull®: water (taurine 2 g / l) 71 s (± 9)
Red Bull® (Taurin 4 g/l) 68 s (±8)Red Bull® (Taurine 4 g / l) 68 s (± 8)
Kombucha-Gruppe 57 s (+/-10)Kombucha group 57 s (+/- 10)
Da die neurologische Untersuchung keine Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen 3Since the neurological examination did not differ between the individual groups 3
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4980168A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1990-12-25 | Natrol, Inc. | Dietary supplement for children |
| FR2704391A1 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1994-11-04 | Boiron | Nutritional supplement which can be taken orally to facilitate adaptation to daily stress |
| US5602150A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1997-02-11 | Research Foundation For Mental Hygiene, Inc. | Treatment of central nervous system disorders associated with psychotic behavior and dementia with a combination of neuroleptic drugs and taurine, or derivatives thereof, to prevent the development of tardive dyskinesia |
| WO2000062812A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Advocare International Llc | Nutritional composition for improved cognitive performance |
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| US4980168A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1990-12-25 | Natrol, Inc. | Dietary supplement for children |
| US5602150A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1997-02-11 | Research Foundation For Mental Hygiene, Inc. | Treatment of central nervous system disorders associated with psychotic behavior and dementia with a combination of neuroleptic drugs and taurine, or derivatives thereof, to prevent the development of tardive dyskinesia |
| FR2704391A1 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1994-11-04 | Boiron | Nutritional supplement which can be taken orally to facilitate adaptation to daily stress |
| WO2000062812A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Advocare International Llc | Nutritional composition for improved cognitive performance |
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| EP3556219A1 (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-23 | Markus Traxler | Syrup for enhancing hot beverages to turn them into fitness drinks |
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