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NZ247378A - Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material - Google Patents

Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material

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Publication number
NZ247378A
NZ247378A NZ247378A NZ24737893A NZ247378A NZ 247378 A NZ247378 A NZ 247378A NZ 247378 A NZ247378 A NZ 247378A NZ 24737893 A NZ24737893 A NZ 24737893A NZ 247378 A NZ247378 A NZ 247378A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
proteinaceous material
acid
poultry
extracted
normality
Prior art date
Application number
NZ247378A
Inventor
Leonard Yaiko
Original Assignee
Griffith Lab Worldwide Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Griffith Lab Worldwide Inc filed Critical Griffith Lab Worldwide Inc
Priority to NZ247378A priority Critical patent/NZ247378A/en
Publication of NZ247378A publication Critical patent/NZ247378A/en

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Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £47378 2.47378 Priority Date(s): Cun^iete Specification Ti^ecl: C'^ss: 9v?-r^3 A.W&-.. js).23.<?3/.c?y*....
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Publication Date: . ?. ?. .Qp£.
P.O. Journal, No: . ...fcSTl 0 tisymvmh No.: Date: NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT, 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION U- POULTRY-DERIVED GROUND RED MEAT SUBSTITUTE AND ITS METHOD OF MANUFACTURE We, GRIFFITH LABORATORIES WORLDWIDE, INC., of One Griffith Center, Alsip, Illinois 60658, United States of America hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- - 1 -(followed by page la) 247 3 7 8 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to a proteinaceous material suitable as a red meat substitute and to its preparation, and more particularly to a poultry-derived proteinaceous material which is both economically and characteristically desirable as a substitute for ground red meat in various food preparations.
Many people prefer poultry over red meat due to economic and other considerations. There are numerous popular food products utilizing ground red meat such as taco fillings, pizza toppings, spaghetti sauces, chili and sloppy joe. Those preferring poultry over red meat would therefore consider it highly desirable to be able to provide poultry-derived substitutes for ground red meat in these food products.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to present a process for the production of a poultry-derived proteinaceous material which is suitable as a red meat substitute.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a process for the production of a poultry-derived r * s < proteinaceous material which is economically i - la - 247 37 advantageous and comparable in both quality and texture to ground red meat.
It is a further object of this invention to provide poultry-derived proteinaceous material which is suitable as a red meat substitute.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear hereinafter.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For purposes of the present invention, the term "poultry" is to be understood to encompass domesticated birds raised for this food value, including chickens, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, squab, turkeys, and domestically raised game birds (pheasant and quail).' The term "red meat" is to be understood to encompass all edible parts of muscle of cattle, sheep, swine, or goats that is skeletal. See Food Science Sourcebook. Second Edition, Part 1, by Herbert W. Ockerman, 1991.
In accordance with the present invention, salt soluble poultry proteinaceous material (myosin) is extracted by blending ground poultry muscle with an aqueous mixture of salt, phosphate, flavoring and coloring, cooked and ground. In a preferred embodiment, the source of poultry protein is mechanically deboned poultry, which is described below. In another preferred embodiment, the cooking step is carried out in the presence of a low concentration of eU ;/* food grade acid to produce a firmer textured §$d 247 3 7 8 product. In yet another preferred embodiment, the ground extracted proteinaceous material is subjected to a second heat processing step—most preferably in the presence of a low concentration of a food grade acid— also to produce a firmer textured end product.
Upon removing the whole muscle cuts from poultry, a significant amount of edible poultry muscle remains on the carcass. Such poultry muscle can be recovered as "mechanically deboned poultry", in a process which calls for grinding the poultry carcass into a homogenous mass which is forced against a plate with small orifices. The poultry proteinaceous material and marrow pass through the orifices, while all of the bones, tendons, and solid material are held back and discarded. The resulting poultry proteinaceous material is comparable to the consistency of peanut butter.
Thus, in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, salt-soluble proteinaceous material is extracted by blending the deboned poultry with an aqueous mixture of salt, phosphate, flavorings, seasonings and coloring. The level of salt relative to mechanically deboned poultry should be in the range of about 0.1 to about 5.0 percent by weight salt to deboned poultry, and preferably about 0.5 to about 2.5 percent by weight. The flavorings which may be used include standard red meat flavorings and seasonings, Vv /■ • 3 247 3 7° Caramel and other F, D, and C approved food colorings are used to give the resultant product a ground red meat appearance, with caramel coloring presently preferred. The mixing time will vary depending upon the type of equipment used and the desired texture, but will typically be in the range of about 1 to 15 minutes and preferably about 3 to 10 minutes.
After it is extracted, the proteinaceous material is cooked at a temperature of about 140' to 500*F, and preferably about 200-300'F, until gelled and browned. Dry heat is the preferred means of cooking the product because dry heat deepens the color and gives the proteinaceous material a more desirable flavor. As the proteinaceous material cooks, it gels into a solid mass.
If a firmer texture is desired, the heating step may be carried out in the presence of a low concentration of a food grade acid such as citric, tartaric, succinic, adipic, fumaric or malic. Citric acid is presently preferred. The acid, when used, should be at a level sufficient to achieve a Normality of about 0.003 to 0.645N and preferably 0.161 to 0.322N. When citric acid is used, this would correspond to levels, by weight, of 0.01 to 2.0% and 0.5 to 1%, respectively.
After cooking, the proteinaceous material (while v t it is still hot or after it has cooled) is run £hrough 24737 a grinder plate to obtain comminuted pieces of the desired size.
The proteinaceous material may then be chilled or mixed with other seasonings or with sauces to create final products such as taco fillings, pizza toppings, spaghetti sauces, chili and sloppy joes.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a firmer end product may be obtained by further cooking the comminuted pieces obtained in the grinding step.
This may be done by adding water to the comminuted material and then heating to produce an internal temperature of the comminuted material of at least 220 "F for at least about 1 minute. In a preferred embodiment, the internal temperature of the comminuted material will be raised to at least about 240*F for about 30 minutes.
In yet another alternative embodiment, the water which is added to the comminuted material before heating, as just described, is acidified with a low level of a food grade acid such as tartaric, succinic, adipic, fumaric or malic acid. Among these, citric acid is preferred. Sufficient acid should be used to achieve a Normality of about 0.003 to 0.645N and preferably 0.161 to 0.322N. When citric acid is used, this would correspond to levels, by weight of 0.01 to 2.0% and 0.5 to 1%, respectively. i •* ' ; ' ' O „ r I 247 3 EXAMPLES The following examples are intended to be illustrative of the present invention and to teach one of ordinary skill how to make and use the poultry 5 proteinaceous material. These examples are not intended to limit the invention or its protection in any way.
EXAMPLE 1 Mechanically deboned poultry is combined with the 10 following ingredients: Ingredient Weight (lbs.) Mechanically deboned poultry 100.0000 Salt 1.000 Dextrose .5000 Phosphate .2500 Beef-type flavoring .2500 Hydrolyzed vegetable protein .2500 Garlic Powder .0625 Caramel color .0625 The above ingredients are mixed to extract and flavor salt-soluble proteinaceous material which is then cooked, ground through a one-half inch plate, and chilled. " 6 247 3 7 EXAMPLE 2 Taco Mixture The poultry proteinaceous material of Example 1 is mixed with the following ingredients to make a taco filling: Ingredient Weight (lbs.) Cooked poultry proteinaceous material 4.80 Water .500 Tomato paste .300 Taco seasoning .306 All of the ingredients are blended and simmered to 180°F. The resulting product is aesthetically and organoleptically indistinguishable from its ground red meat-based counterpart. 247 3 7 EXAMPLE 3 Chili The poultry proteinaceous material of Example 1 is mixed with the following ingredients to create chili: Weight Ingredients (lbs.) (ams) Cooked poultry proteinaceous material 3.0 Crushed tomatoes in sauce 3.5 Canned kidney beans 3.0 Chopped onion 75.0 Chili seasoning 35.0 Ground cumin 1.50 Granulated garlic 1.00 The onion is rehydrated before cooking. All of the 15 ingredients are blended and simmered for one hour. The resulting product is aesthetically and organoleptically indistinguishable from its ground red meat-based counterpart.
EXAMPLE 4 The poultry proteinaceous material of Example 1 is substituted or combined with ground red meat and with appropriate seasonings or sauces to create final food products, these will likewise be aesthetically and organoleptically indistinguishable from their ground * t1 red meat-based counterparts. r 4 V\1 9 4 7 3 7 EXAMPLE 5 This example paralleled to Example 1, except that the extracted protein was cooked using a small steam kettle with solutions of: Water 97.0% Citric Acid 0.5% (0.16IN) and 1.0% (0.322N) Flavor 2.5% The ingredients were cooked in the acidified solutions until an internal temperature of 160 °F was obtained in the extracted proteinaceous material.
The resulting products exhibited a modified, slightly firmer texture than that prepared in Example 1. Additionally, if the product of this Example were allowed to stand for an extended period it would show greater resistance to oxidation than that of Example 1.
EXAMPLE 6 The cooked and ground, blended poultry proteinaceous material of Example 1 was subjected to a retort cook in the presence of acid, as described below.
Five different concentrations of citric acid were used: 0.125% (0.04N), 0.25% (0.08N), 0.5% (0.161N), 1.0% (0.322N), 1.5% (0.483N), and 2.0% (0.645N). The samples of the cooked and ground blended poultry proteinaceous material were retorted at 240'F for 45 minutes. A sensory evaluation ranking test was w '•"* 1 conducted to determine how the cooked and ground, / 247 37 blended poultry proteinaceous material that was retorted in 0.5%/ and 1.0% citric acid solutions ranked in firmness compared to the control (no acid, only water).
A Least Squared Difference Test was run to determine the difference between samples, with results as follows. An a = 0.5 was used.
Control 0.5% 1.0% Control —- 0.028277 0.821723 0.5% 0.028277 0.016407 1.0% 0.821723 0.016407 In this table, any difference that is less than 0.5 represents a significant difference in firmness. To conclude: a) Control was significantly less firm than 0.5% citric acid b) Control was not significantly different in firmness than 1.0% citric acid c) 0.5% was significantly firmer than 1.0% citric acid The above data indicated that the cooked and ground, blended poultry proteinaceous material retorted in a 0.5% solution of citric acid was significantly firmer than the cooked and ground, blended poultry proteinaceous material which was retorted in water alone. The cooked and ground, blended poultry proteinaceous material that was retorted in a 1.0% solution of

Claims (29)

247 3 7 8 citric acid was not significantly firmer than that which was in water alone. While the invention is described above in connection with preferred or illustrative embodiments, the embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of the invention. Rather the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents included within its spirit and scope, as defined by the appended claims. 11 /<> < <"• N ' , ' ^ " 0 \v I; i- ~ •> /• f 20 25 4 5 WHATl/WE CLAIH ISi
1. A process for preparing a poultry-derived proteinaceous material suitable as a ground red meat substitute, comprising: a) extracting salt-soluble proteinaceous material from poultry; ' - b) cooking the extracted proteinaceous material until gelled into a solid mass; and c) grinding the solid mass to produce comminuted pieces.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the poultry is mechanically deboned poultry.
3. The process of claim 1 in which the cooking step is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a food grade acid.
4. The process of claim 3 in which the acid is chosen from the group consisting of citric, tartaric, succinic, adipic, fumaric or malic.
5. The process of claim 3 in which the acid is citric acid.
6. The process of claim 3 in which the acid is present at a level sufficient to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.003 to 0.645N.
7. The process of claim 3 in which the acid is present at a level sufficient to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.161 to 0.322N. 12
8. The process of claim 1 in which flavorings, seasonings or colorings are added to the extracted proteinaceous material before it is gelled.
9. The process of claim 3 in which coloring is 5 added and the coloring is caramel food coloring. i
10. The process of claim 1 in which the extracted proteinaceous material is cooked at a temperature of substantially 140°F to 500°E.
11. The process of claim 1 in which the extracted 10 proteinaceous material is cooked at a temperature of substantially 200°f to 300°F.
12. The process of claim 1 in which water is added to the comminuted pieces which are then heated to produce an internal temperature of at least substantially 15 220'F.
13. The process of claim 1 in which water is added to the comminuted pieces which are then heated to produce an internal temperature of at least substantially 240 *F. 20
14. The process of claim 12 or claim 13 in which the water is treated with acid to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.003 to 0.645N.
15. The process of claim 12 or claim 13 in which the water is treated with acid to provide a Normality 25 of from substantially 0.161 to 0.322N. 13 737
16. A process for preparing a poultry derived proteinaceous material suitable as a substitute for ground beef in foods typically containing ground red meat, comprising: 5 a) extracting salt-soluble proteinaceous material from mechanically deboned poultry; . _ b) flavoring and coloring the extracted proteinaceous material; c) cooking the extracted proteinaceous material 10 until gelled or solidified into a solid mass; and d) grinding the solid mass to produce comminuted pieces.
17. The process of claim 16 in which the cooking is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a 15 food grade acid.
18. The process of claim 17 in which the acid is chosen from the group consisting of citric, tartaric, succinic, adipic, fumaric or malic.
19. The process of claim 18 in which the acid is 20 present at a level sufficient to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.003 to 0.645N.
20. The process of claim 18 in which the acid is present at a level sufficient to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.161 to 0.322N. 25
21. The process of claim 16 in which water is added to the comminuted pieces which are then heated to 14 produce an internal temperature of at least substantially 220'F.
22. The process of claim 21 in which the water is treated with acid to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.003 to 0.645N.
23. The process of claim 21 in which ^e water is treated with acid to provide a Normality of from substantially 0.161 to 0.322N.
24. A ground red meat substitute prepared by the process comprising: a) extracting salt-soluble proteinaceous material from poultry; b) flavoring and coloring the extracted proteinaceous material; c) cooking the extracted proteinaceous material until gelled into a solid mass; and d) grinding the solid mass to produce comminuted pieces. 15 247378
25. A food product comprising: a) the Ingredients, excluding red meat, for making a food product chosen from the group consisting of taco fillings, pizza toppings, spaghetti \ 5 sauces, chili and sloppy joe; and b) a ground meat substitute prepared by: i) extracting salt-soluble proteinaceous materials from mechanically deboned poultry; ii) flavoring and coloring the extracted 10 proteinaceous material; iii) cooking the extracted proteinaceous material until gelled or solidified into a solid mass; and iv) grinding the solid mass to produce 15 comminuted pieces.
26. A process according to claim 1 or claim 16 substantially as herein described with reference to any one embodiment disclosed.
27. A poultry-derived proteinaceous material suitable as a ground red meat substitute when prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 23 and 26.
28. A ground red meat substitute substantially as herein described with reference to example 1.
29. A food product substantially as herein described with reference to any one of examples 2 to 6. DATED TH!3 iToAYOFOefab ef vPW
NZ247378A 1993-04-08 1993-04-08 Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material NZ247378A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ247378A NZ247378A (en) 1993-04-08 1993-04-08 Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ247378A NZ247378A (en) 1993-04-08 1993-04-08 Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ247378A true NZ247378A (en) 1994-12-22

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NZ247378A NZ247378A (en) 1993-04-08 1993-04-08 Ground red meat substitute - poultry extract of salt-soluble proteinaceous material

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