NO865254L - EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING HYDROCARBONES CONTAINING PCB (POLYCHLORED BIFENYL). - Google Patents
EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING HYDROCARBONES CONTAINING PCB (POLYCHLORED BIFENYL).Info
- Publication number
- NO865254L NO865254L NO86865254A NO865254A NO865254L NO 865254 L NO865254 L NO 865254L NO 86865254 A NO86865254 A NO 86865254A NO 865254 A NO865254 A NO 865254A NO 865254 L NO865254 L NO 865254L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- reactor
- sodium
- pcb
- filter
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D57/00—Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a single other group or subclass, e.g. B03C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/148—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
- C07C7/14833—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound with metals or their inorganic compounds
- C07C7/14841—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound with metals or their inorganic compounds metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/32—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by treatment in molten chemical reagent, e.g. salts or metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/10—Apparatus specially adapted for treating harmful chemical agents; Details thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Giftighetsproblemet forbundet med hydrokarboner som inneholder PCB (polyklorert bifenyl) er gammelt og velkjent. Et flertall løsninger er tidligere foreslått. Det vises her til f.eks. US patent 4 377 471, 4 379 746 og 4 379 752. The toxicity problem associated with hydrocarbons containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) is old and well known. A number of solutions have previously been proposed. Reference is made here to e.g. US Patents 4,377,471, 4,379,746 and 4,379,752.
Selv om det tidligere er foreslått et flertall forskjellige prosesser, tar de ikke i betraktning et riktig aspekt av problemet. Derfor eksisterer de forurensede hydrokarboner på et stort antall steder i forskjellige deler av landet. Det er upraktisk å bygge et anlegg for behandling av de forurensede hydrokarboner ved hvert slikt sted. Det er også upraktisk å transportere hydrokarbonene til et behandlings-anlegg. Although a plurality of different processes have previously been proposed, they do not take into account a correct aspect of the problem. Therefore, the contaminated hydrocarbons exist in a large number of places in different parts of the country. It is impractical to build a facility for treating the contaminated hydrocarbons at each such location. It is also impractical to transport the hydrocarbons to a treatment plant.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse løser aller foreliggende kjente problemer forbundet med hydrokarboner forurenset med PCB. The present invention solves all existing known problems associated with hydrocarbons contaminated with PCBs.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse er rettet mot en fremgangsmåte og utstyr for fjerning av PCB fra hydrokarboner. Fremgangsmåten i den foreliggende oppfinnelse utøves fortrinnsvis ved hjelp av et mobilt kjøretøy innrettet til behandling av hydrokarbonene. På kjøretøyet er det tilveiebrakt utstyr for oppvarming av hydrokarbonene som i det vesentlige er frie for vann til en temperatur på omkring 130°C. Deretter smeltes metallisk natrium, fortrinnsvis finfordelt, og tilføres til hydrokarbonene i en mengde tilstrekkelig til å redusere innholdet av PCB til mindre enn to ppm. Deretter separeres blandingen for på den måten å fjerne reaksjondeler natriumklorid og fenylpolymer fra hydrokarbonene. Deretter filtreres hydrokarbonene og lagres. The present invention is directed to a method and equipment for removing PCBs from hydrocarbons. The method of the present invention is preferably carried out using a mobile vehicle designed to treat the hydrocarbons. Equipment is provided on the vehicle for heating the hydrocarbons, which are essentially free of water, to a temperature of around 130°C. Metallic sodium is then melted, preferably finely divided, and added to the hydrocarbons in an amount sufficient to reduce the PCB content to less than two ppm. The mixture is then separated in order to thereby remove reaction parts sodium chloride and phenyl polymer from the hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons are then filtered and stored.
Det er et formål med den foreliggende oppfinnelseIt is an object of the present invention
å tilveiebringe et nytt utstyr og ny fremgangsmåte for fjerning av PCB fra hydrokarboner på en måte som er enkel, på-litelig, effektiv og rimelig. to provide a new equipment and new method for removing PCBs from hydrocarbons in a manner that is simple, reliable, effective and inexpensive.
Andre formål og fordeler vil fremkomme i det følgende. Other purposes and benefits will appear in the following.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives i det følgende i forbindelse med et foretrukket utførelseseksempel, som ikke be-grenser oppfinnelsen til dette, og under henvisning til tegningene, der fig. 1 er et sideriss gjennom en trailer som viser utstyr anvendt ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse, fig. 2 er et planriss av utstyret vist på fig. 1, og fig. 3 er et snittriss gjennom en separator. The invention shall be described in the following in connection with a preferred embodiment, which does not limit the invention to this, and with reference to the drawings, where fig. 1 is a side view through a trailer showing equipment used according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a plan view of the equipment shown in fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a sectional view through a separator.
Idet det henvises til tegningene, hvor like henvisningstall indikerer like elementer, er det vist et kjøretøy med henvisningstall 10. Kjøretøyet 10 er fortrinnsvis en 13,7 m lang trailer 12 med en ramme 14 forbundet med en hjul-enhet 16. Traileren 12 er innrettet til å bli trukket av trekkmaskin på en konvensjonell måte. Den foreliggende oppfinnelse muliggjør at traileren kan kjøres til stedet hvor hydrokarbonene som skal behandles befinner seg. Alt utstyret som er nødvendig for behandling av hydrokarboner er anbrakt inne i traileren 12. Referring to the drawings, where like reference numbers indicate like elements, a vehicle with reference number 10 is shown. The vehicle 10 is preferably a 13.7 m long trailer 12 with a frame 14 connected to a wheel unit 16. The trailer 12 is arranged to be pulled by a pulling machine in a conventional way. The present invention enables the trailer to be driven to the location where the hydrocarbons to be treated are located. All the equipment necessary for the treatment of hydrocarbons is placed inside the trailer 12.
En trailer 12 har en innløpspumpe og måler 18 innrettet til å være koblet til en kilde med hydrokarboner som skal behandles. Pumpen 18 har forbindelse med et filter 20 utformet bare til å fjerne vann fra hydrokarbonet. Filteret 20 står alternativt i forbindelse med enten reaktor 22 eller reaktor 24 ved hjelp av røret 26 med ventiler. Hver reaktor står ved sin nedre ende i forbindelse med et rør 28 med ventiler. Røret 2 8 er forbundet med en ende av en varmeveksler 30. Den andre ende av varmeveksleren 30 er forbundet med toppen av reaktorene 22, 24 ved hjelp av rør 32 med ventiler. Rørene 28 og 32 gjør kontinuerlig sirkulasjon av hydrokarboner gjennom varmeveksleren 30 lettere. Hver varmeveksler kan også omfatte sitt eget varmelegeme såsom en mengde av fire 3kV varmelegemer. A trailer 12 has an inlet pump and gauge 18 arranged to be connected to a source of hydrocarbons to be treated. The pump 18 is connected to a filter 20 designed only to remove water from the hydrocarbon. The filter 20 is alternatively connected to either reactor 22 or reactor 24 by means of the pipe 26 with valves. Each reactor is connected at its lower end to a tube 28 with valves. The pipe 28 is connected to one end of a heat exchanger 30. The other end of the heat exchanger 30 is connected to the top of the reactors 22, 24 by means of pipes 32 with valves. The tubes 28 and 32 facilitate continuous circulation of hydrocarbons through the heat exchanger 30. Each heat exchanger can also include its own heater such as a set of four 3kV heaters.
En kjemisk injektor 34 står ved sin øvre ende i forbindelse med røret 33 med ventiler. Den kjemiske injektor 34 har en ikke vist adgangsåpning for å lette innføring av finfordelt metallisk natrium. Den nedre ende av injektoren 34 står i forbindelse med hver av reaktorene 22, 24 ved hjelp av røret 32 med ventiler. A chemical injector 34 is connected at its upper end to the pipe 33 with valves. The chemical injector 34 has an access opening, not shown, to facilitate introduction of finely divided metallic sodium. The lower end of the injector 34 is connected to each of the reactors 22, 24 by means of the tube 32 with valves.
Den nedre ende av hver reaktor står i forbindelse med et rør 38 med ventiler. Røret 38 er forbundet med en natriumseparator 40. Som det er tydligere vist på fig. 3, omfatter separatoren 40 et hus i hvilket det er anbrakt et stående filter 42. Filteret 42 er fortrinnsvis fyllt med stålull. Inngangen til filteret 42 er fra den perforerte bunn. Hydrokarboner passerer opp gjennom filteret 42 som står i forbindelse med den øvre ende av et stigerør 44 og passerer så nedover gjennom røret 44. Strømningsretningen er vist med piler på fig. 3. The lower end of each reactor is connected to a pipe 38 with valves. The tube 38 is connected to a sodium separator 40. As is more clearly shown in fig. 3, the separator 40 comprises a housing in which a standing filter 42 is placed. The filter 42 is preferably filled with steel wool. The entrance to the filter 42 is from the perforated bottom. Hydrocarbons pass up through the filter 42 which is connected to the upper end of a riser 44 and then pass down through the pipe 44. The direction of flow is shown by arrows in fig. 3.
Røret 44 er ved hjelp av en ventil forbundet medThe pipe 44 is connected to by means of a valve
et første leirefilter 46 og så ved hjelp av et rør 49 til et sluttfilter 50. Alternativt kan utløp fra leirefilteret 46 være direkte til leirefilter 48 som står i forbindelse med røret 49 ved hjelp av røret 52. Alternativt kan røret 44 stå direkte i forbindelse med filteret 48 ved hjelp av et rør 54 med ventiler og derved løpe om filteret 46. a first clay filter 46 and then by means of a pipe 49 to a final filter 50. Alternatively, the outlet from the clay filter 46 can be directly to clay filter 48 which is connected to the pipe 49 by means of the pipe 52. Alternatively, the pipe 44 can be directly connected to the filter 48 by means of a pipe 54 with valves and thereby run around the filter 46.
Sluttfilteret 50 er fortrinnsvis et 1/2 mikron filter som renser hydrokarbonene. Filteret 50 står i forbindelse med en lagertank 56 festet til bunnen av rammen 14. Hydrokarboner kan fjernes fra tanken 56 ved hjelp av en pumpe og slange beliggende innenfor huset 56. Tanken 56 har fortrinnsvis en kapasitet på omkring 3785 liter. Det er tilveiebrakt pumper i forskjellige rørledninger som vist på tegningen for å opprettholde en jevn gjennomgang. The final filter 50 is preferably a 1/2 micron filter which cleans the hydrocarbons. The filter 50 is connected to a storage tank 56 attached to the bottom of the frame 14. Hydrocarbons can be removed from the tank 56 by means of a pump and hose located inside the housing 56. The tank 56 preferably has a capacity of about 3785 litres. Pumps are provided in various pipelines as shown in the drawing to maintain a smooth flow.
Reaktorene 22 og 24 benyttes alternativt for sats-behandling av hydrokarbonene som skal behandles. De mest kjente typer av hydrokarboner som behandles er transformator-olje som inneholder PCB som en brannhemmer. Den foreliggende oppfinnelse er tiltenkt å redusere innholdet av PCB til mindre enn 2 ppm. Hydrokarboner med et overskudd på 4000 ppm er behandlet med hell ved anvendelse av utstyr ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse. Reactors 22 and 24 are alternatively used for batch treatment of the hydrocarbons to be treated. The most well-known types of hydrocarbons treated are transformer oil which contains PCB as a fire retardant. The present invention is intended to reduce the content of PCB to less than 2 ppm. Hydrocarbons with an excess of 4000 ppm have been successfully treated using equipment according to the present invention.
Når det er i drift transporteres kjøretøyet 10 til stedet hvor hydrokarbonene som skal behandles befinner seg. Kilden av hydrokarboner forbindes med innløpet av pumpen 18. Pumpen 18 omfatter en måler for registrering eller opptegning av mengden av hydrokarboner som behandles. Pumpen 18 pumper hydrokarbonene gjennom filteret 20 hvor vann fjernes slik at hydrokarbonene er i det vesentlige frie fra vann når de inn-føres til en av reaktorene 22, 24. La det være antatt at hydrokarbonene overføres fra filteret 20 til reaktoren 22. Etter at en prøve av hydrokarbonene er trukket ut for en gasskromatografisk analyse, oppvarmes hydrokarbonene innenfor reaktoren 22. I tillegg øker hydrokarbonenes temperatur ved å pumpe hydrokarbonene fra reaktoren 22 gjennom varmeveksleren When in operation, the vehicle 10 is transported to the location where the hydrocarbons to be treated are located. The source of hydrocarbons is connected to the inlet of the pump 18. The pump 18 comprises a meter for recording or recording the quantity of hydrocarbons being processed. The pump 18 pumps the hydrocarbons through the filter 20 where water is removed so that the hydrocarbons are essentially free of water when they are introduced into one of the reactors 22, 24. Let it be assumed that the hydrocarbons are transferred from the filter 20 to the reactor 22. After a sample of the hydrocarbons is extracted for a gas chromatographic analysis, the hydrocarbons are heated within the reactor 22. In addition, the temperature of the hydrocarbons increases by pumping the hydrocarbons from the reactor 22 through the heat exchanger
30 og tilbake til reaktoren 22.30 and back to the reactor on the 22nd.
Mens hydrokarbonene oppvarmes, løper prøven gjennom en gasskromatograf og resultatene analyseres. Den mest kjente sort av PCB er "arachlor" 1260. Dersom 1260 arachlor eller 1232 eller 1242 arachlor er fremherskende, er det foretrukket å anvende fast natrium med størrelse i området fra 20 til 50 mikron. While the hydrocarbons are heated, the sample runs through a gas chromatograph and the results are analyzed. The best known type of PCB is "arachlor" 1260. If 1260 arachlor or 1232 or 1242 arachlor is predominant, it is preferred to use solid sodium with a size in the range from 20 to 50 microns.
Dersom imidlertid arachlor 1254 er fremherskende, dvs. har en konsentrasjon på omrking 100 til omkring 2500 ppm, er det foretrukket å bruke natriumklumper med en størrelse fra omkring 6,35 mm til omkring 12,7 mm i maksimal størrelse. If, however, arachlor 1254 is predominant, i.e. has a concentration of about 100 to about 2500 ppm, it is preferred to use sodium lumps with a size from about 6.35 mm to about 12.7 mm in maximum size.
Størrelsen av natriumet bestemmer tidslengden det tar for å ødelegge PCB, jo større natriumpartikler jo lenger tid tar det å smelte natriumet. Da det tar lenger tid å ødelegge 1250 arachlor enn andre arachlor, er natriumklumper med større størrelse foretrukket for arachlor 1250. The size of the sodium determines the length of time it takes to destroy the PCB, the larger the sodium particles the longer it takes to melt the sodium. As 1250 arachlor takes longer to break down than other arachlors, larger size sodium lumps are preferred for arachlor 1250.
Temperaturer og strømningsmengder overvåkes på et kontrollpanel 60. Når temperaturen har nådd omkring 130°C manipuleres ventilene forbundet med rørene 32 og 33 for på den måten å bevirke at de sirkulerende hydrokarboner strømmer gjennom injektoren 34 og smelter en forutbestemt mengde av finfordelt metallisk natrium. Den foretrukkede utførelsesform av den foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter tilføring av 0,03 g av natrium for hvert ppm av PCB for hver 3,785 liter av hydrokarboner som behandles. For en sats på 1892,5 liter til-føres 19,37 kg natrium til injektoren 34 hvor hydrokarbonene hadde 4,17 9 ppm av PCB. Temperatures and flow rates are monitored on a control panel 60. When the temperature has reached about 130°C, the valves connected to pipes 32 and 33 are manipulated to thereby cause the circulating hydrocarbons to flow through the injector 34 and melt a predetermined amount of finely divided metallic sodium. The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the addition of 0.03 g of sodium for each ppm of PCB for each 3.785 liters of hydrocarbons treated. For a rate of 1892.5 litres, 19.37 kg of sodium are supplied to the injector 34 where the hydrocarbons had 4.179 ppm of PCB.
Da innsetting av injektoren i strømningskretsen reduserer temperaturen av hydrokarbonene med omkring 4 til 5,5°C ledes blandingen fra reaktoren 22 gjennom varmeveksleren og til injektoren og tilbake til reaktoren. Ved å anbringe en pumpe i røret 33 ved innløpet av injektoren, kan strømmen av hydrokarbon ledes bare mellom reaktoren og injektoren etter at hydrokarbonet er brakt tilbake til temperatur. Innenfor reaktoren 22 beveges blandingen. Med 15 minutters intervaller analyseres en prøve av hydrokarbonene som er behandlet med en gasskromatograf for å bestemme ppm-innholdet av PCB. Når ppm-innholdet av PCB er mindre enn 2 ppm, åpnes ventiler forbundet med røret 38 slik at blandingen kan ledes ved hjelp Since inserting the injector into the flow circuit reduces the temperature of the hydrocarbons by about 4 to 5.5°C, the mixture is led from the reactor 22 through the heat exchanger to the injector and back to the reactor. By placing a pump in the pipe 33 at the inlet of the injector, the flow of hydrocarbon can be directed only between the reactor and the injector after the hydrocarbon has been brought back to temperature. Within the reactor 22, the mixture is moved. At 15 minute intervals, a sample of the treated hydrocarbons is analyzed with a gas chromatograph to determine the ppm content of PCBs. When the ppm content of PCB is less than 2 ppm, valves connected to pipe 38 are opened so that the mixture can be directed by
av røret 38 til separatoren 40.of the pipe 38 to the separator 40.
I natriumseparatoren 40 passerer hydrokarboner opp-over gjennom stålullfilteret 42 og nedover gjennom stigerøret 44. Natriumklorid og fenylpolymer som resulterer fra reak-sjonen av natriumet med PCB bibeholdes innenfor separatoren 40. Deretter pumpes de rensede hydrokarboner gjennom en eller begge leirefiltrene 46, 48 til sluttfilteret 50. Fra sluttfilteret 50 pumpes hydrokarbonene til lagertanken 56. Selv om natrium tilføres til hydrokarbonene som behandles i reaktoren 22, kan en andre sats behandles ved å fylle reaktoren 24 og sirkulere hydrokarboner som inneholder PCB fra reaktoren 24 og gjennom varmeveksleren 30. Selv om det kan anvendes kalium og litium, foretrekkes finfordelt metallisk natrium som kilden for metallet for sammensetning med kloret i PCB da det er det minst flyktige, det minst kostbare og hurtigst arbeidende. In the sodium separator 40, hydrocarbons pass upwards through the steel wool filter 42 and downwards through the riser 44. Sodium chloride and phenyl polymer resulting from the reaction of the sodium with PCB are retained within the separator 40. The purified hydrocarbons are then pumped through one or both clay filters 46, 48 to the final filter 50. From the final filter 50, the hydrocarbons are pumped to the storage tank 56. Although sodium is added to the hydrocarbons treated in the reactor 22, a second batch can be processed by filling the reactor 24 and circulating hydrocarbons containing PCBs from the reactor 24 and through the heat exchanger 30. Although potassium and lithium can be used, finely divided metallic sodium is preferred as the source of the metal for compounding with the chlorine in PCB as it is the least volatile, the least expensive and the fastest working.
Temperaturen på 130°C var valgt fordi metallisk natrium går over i væskeform og strømmer hurtig ved den temperatur. Selv om det kan anvendes høyere temperaturer, foretrekkes det å unngå slike høyere temperaturer for på den måten å unngå utvikling av andre giftige substanser så som dioksyd (dioksin). Da smeltepunktet for natrium er 97,6°C, er et passende temperaturområde for hydrokarbontemperaturen 110°C til 140°C med 130°C foretrukket da natrium strømmer lett og blander seg hurtig med hydrokarbonet ved den temperatur. The temperature of 130°C was chosen because metallic sodium turns into liquid form and flows rapidly at that temperature. Although higher temperatures can be used, it is preferred to avoid such higher temperatures in order to avoid the development of other toxic substances such as dioxide (dioxin). As the melting point of sodium is 97.6°C, a suitable temperature range for the hydrocarbon temperature is 110°C to 140°C with 130°C preferred as sodium flows easily and mixes rapidly with the hydrocarbon at that temperature.
Det er her ikke gjort noe forsøk på å beskrive trekk av kjent teknikk så som hvordan mengden av den foreliggende PCB måles, lukking av ventiler som skal være lukket, periodisk fjerning av rester i separatoren 40 osv. No attempt has been made here to describe features of known technology such as how the amount of PCB present is measured, closing of valves that should be closed, periodic removal of residues in the separator 40, etc.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse kan utføres i andre bestemte former uten å avvike fra området for oppfinnelsen, The present invention can be carried out in other specific forms without deviating from the scope of the invention,
og følgelig skal det henvises til de etterfølgende krav ved definisjon av området for oppfinnelsen. and consequently reference must be made to the following claims when defining the area of the invention.
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1985/000755 WO1986006297A1 (en) | 1985-04-29 | 1985-04-29 | Apparatus and method of decontaminating hydrocarbons containing pcb |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO865254D0 NO865254D0 (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| NO865254L true NO865254L (en) | 1987-02-27 |
Family
ID=22188660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO86865254A NO865254L (en) | 1985-04-29 | 1986-12-22 | EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING HYDROCARBONES CONTAINING PCB (POLYCHLORED BIFENYL). |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0219496A4 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR870700396A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK623686A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI865118A7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO865254L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986006297A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4746499A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1988-05-24 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Method of decontaminating a location containing pyrophoric P4 -contamination |
| GB2281305A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1995-03-01 | John Robson Metals Limited | Removing chlorinated organic compounds from oil |
| KR101009758B1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-01-19 | (주)그린필드 | Treatment Method of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Using Mobile Purification Process Equipment |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3388800A (en) * | 1965-12-02 | 1968-06-18 | Champion Lab Inc | Axial flow, compressible element, filter unit with bypass means |
| US3491882A (en) * | 1968-05-08 | 1970-01-27 | James D Elam | Method and apparatus for breaking emulsions |
| US3630365A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1971-12-28 | Energy Systems Inc | Transportable liquid waste treatment plant |
| US4340471A (en) * | 1980-07-23 | 1982-07-20 | Sun-Ohio Inc. | System and apparatus for the continuous destruction and removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from fluids |
| US4379746A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1983-04-12 | Sun-Ohio, Inc. | Method of destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls |
| US4379752A (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1983-04-12 | Sun-Ohio, Inc. | Method for destruction of polyhalogenated biphenyls |
| US4377471A (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1983-03-22 | General Electric Company | Method for removing polychlorinated biphenyls from transformer oil |
| US4383920A (en) * | 1981-05-29 | 1983-05-17 | Ecolochem, Inc. | Mobile fluid purification system |
-
1985
- 1985-04-29 EP EP19850902358 patent/EP0219496A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-04-29 WO PCT/US1985/000755 patent/WO1986006297A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1986
- 1986-12-08 KR KR860700874A patent/KR870700396A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-12-16 FI FI865118A patent/FI865118A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-12-22 NO NO86865254A patent/NO865254L/en unknown
- 1986-12-22 DK DK623686A patent/DK623686A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK623686D0 (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| DK623686A (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| FI865118A0 (en) | 1986-12-16 |
| NO865254D0 (en) | 1986-12-22 |
| WO1986006297A1 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
| EP0219496A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 |
| KR870700396A (en) | 1987-12-29 |
| FI865118A7 (en) | 1986-12-16 |
| EP0219496A4 (en) | 1987-09-08 |
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