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NL2035125B1 - Planetoid heating simulation device - Google Patents

Planetoid heating simulation device Download PDF

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Publication number
NL2035125B1
NL2035125B1 NL2035125A NL2035125A NL2035125B1 NL 2035125 B1 NL2035125 B1 NL 2035125B1 NL 2035125 A NL2035125 A NL 2035125A NL 2035125 A NL2035125 A NL 2035125A NL 2035125 B1 NL2035125 B1 NL 2035125B1
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Netherlands
Prior art keywords
vacuum tank
heating
vacuum
asteroid
simulation apparatus
Prior art date
Application number
NL2035125A
Other languages
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Li Shijie
Fan Yan
Liu Shen
Original Assignee
Inst Geochemistry Cas
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Publication date
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Priority to NL2035125A priority Critical patent/NL2035125B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of NL2035125B1 publication Critical patent/NL2035125B1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
    • F27B17/02Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00 specially designed for laboratory use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14Arrangements of heating devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24Earth materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14Arrangements of heating devices
    • F27B2005/143Heating rods disposed in the chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B2014/045Vacuum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a planetoid heating simulation device, including a vacuum tank and a detachable powder bearing system inside the vacuum tank, where a removable cover is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vacuum tank; a detachable heating tube is installed in the position of the center of a circle at the upper end of the removable cover, the heating tube is located inside the vacuum tank; three l6-core aviation sealing plugs, an electronic pressure vacuum gauge and three gas valves are further additionally installed at the upper end of the removable cover, two vacuum pumps are connected to the two gas valves, the l6-core aviation sealing plugs, the electronic pressure vacuum gauge and the gas valves all are located on the outer side of the heating tube, and flanges are installed at the top and bottom of the powder bearing system.

Description

PLANETOID HEATING SIMULATION DEVICE
TECHNICAL FIELD
[01] The present invention relates to system testing based on characteristics of rock forming minerals used as a constructional material of a planetoid, whole-rock chemical composition of a basalt powder, particle size of the basalt powder and characteristics of rock forming minerals of cinnabar particles, and more particularly relates to a planetoid heating simulation device.
BACKGROUND ART
[02] At present, in the process of realizing simulated heating in terms of thermal metamorphism of the planetoid, when the influence of migration of mercury of the planetoid and fractionation of mercury isotopes is studied, the measured numerical values of temperature and pressure cannot reach corresponding temperature and pressure during the simulated heating experiment of the planetoid due to a thermal evolution “onion model” in the early stage of a chondrite parent body where outer matters lose heat with high efficiency and interior rocks are heated to a higher temperature but are cooled slowly, and partial residues exist during removal of mercury in the basalt powder. Therefore, the solution provides a planetoid heating simulation device to minimize the above defect.
SUMMARY
[03] 1. The technical problem to be solved
[04] To overcome the problems in the prior art, the objective of the present invention is to provide a planetoid heating simulation device, which simulates thermal evolution of a planetoid by way of core heating and reasonably removes mercury in a basalt powder, so that temperature and pressure capable of being attained by the device are achieved when a simulated heating experiment of the planetoid is conducted.
[05] 2. Technical solution
[06] In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[07] a planetoid heating simulation device, including a vacuum tank, where a removable cover is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vacuum tank; a heating tube is installed in the position of the center of a circle at the upper end of the removable cover; three 16-core aviation sealing plugs, an electronic pressure vacuum gauge and three gas valves are respectively installed at the upper end of the removable cover; the 16-core aviation sealing plugs, the electronic pressure vacuum gauge and the gas valves all are located on the outer side of the heating tube; flanges are installed at the top and bottom of a powder bearing system; a tubular round hole plate is fixedly connected between the top flange and the bottom flange; a flange ring is fixedly connected to the upper part of the powder bearing system; a metal strip is fixedly connected to the lower end of the flange ring; a stainless steel filter screen is fixedly connected to the outer end of the metal strip; and the vacuum pumps are communicated through the gas valves.
[08] Further, the vacuum tank is made from an acrylic transparent organic glass material, the vacuum tank is arranged in a tubular shape, the tank wall is 2 cm thick, the outer diameter 1s 60 cm, the inner diameter is 56 cm, and the height is 60 cm.
[09] Further, a sealing strip is adhered to the lower end of the removable cover, and the sealing strip contacts the upper end of the vacuum tank.
[10] Further, the stainless steel filter screen is arranged in a cylindrical mesh shape.
[11] Further, the inner diameter of the flange is set as 35.5 cm and the outer diameter thereof is set as 56.5 cm, while the inner diameter of the flange ring is set as 25.5 cm and the outer diameter thereof is set as 43.5 cm.
[12] Further, a heat insulating layer is arranged at the bottom end of the vacuum tank, and the heat insulating layer is made from a high-temperature-resistant material.
[13] 3. Beneficial effects:
[14] compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[15] in the solution, the planetoid heating simulation device simulates thermal evolution of a planetoid by way of core heating and reasonably removes mercury in a basalt powder, so that temperature and pressure capable of being attained by the device are achieved when a simulated heating experiment of the planetoid is conducted.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[16] FIG. 1is a schematic structural diagram of a whole of the present invention.
[17] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a vacuum tank of the present invention.
[8] FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a sectional structure of a tubular round hole plate of the present invention.
[19] Description on numerals in the figures:
[20] 1, vacuum tank; 2, removable cover; 3, heating tube; 4, vacuum pump; 5, 16-core aviation sealing plug; 6, electronic pressure vacuum gauge; 7, gas valve; 8, flange; 9, flange ring; 10, tubular round hole plate; 11, metal strip; 12, stainless steel filter screen; and 13, heat insulating layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[21] The technical solutions in embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the embodiments described are merely some rather than all of the embodiments of the present invention. On the basis of the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[22] Embodiment:
[23] As shown in FIGs. 1-3, a planetoid heating simulation device, including a vacuum tank 1, where a removable cover 2 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vacuum tank 1; a heating tube 3 is installed in the position of the center of a circle at the upper end of the removable cover 2; three 16-core aviation sealing plugs 5, an electronic pressure vacuum gauge 6 and three gas valves 7 are respectively installed at the upper end of the removable cover 2; the 16-core aviation sealing plugs 5, the electronic pressure vacuum gauge 6 and the gas valves 7 all are located on the outer side of the heating tube 3; flanges 8 are installed at the top and bottom of a powder bearing system; a tubular round hole plate 10 is fixedly connected between the top flange 8 and the bottom flange 8; a flange ring 9 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the powder bearing system; a metal strip 11 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the flange ring 9; a stainless steel filter screen 12 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the metal strip 11; and the vacuum pumps 4 are communicated through the gas valves 7.
[24] In the using process of the solution, thermal evaluation of the planetoid is simulated by way of core heating. The device mainly consists of four parts: a vacuum system, heating-temperature controlling system, a sample bearing system and a temperature measuring system. To acquire the temperature and pressure capable of being attained by the device when the simulated heating experiment of the planetoid is conducted and reasonably remove mercury in the basalt powder, in the embodiment, a pre-heating experiment is conducted on the basalt powder which simulates the constructional material of the planetoid under a vacuumized condition of -88 kpa and a barometric condition of 101 kpa.
[25] Further, the vacuum tank 1 is made from an acrylic transparent organic glass material, the vacuum tank 1 is arranged in a tubular shape, the tank wall is 2 cm thick, the outer diameter is 60 cm, the inner diameter is 56 cm, and the height is 60 cm.
[26] Further, a sealing strip is adhered to the lower end of the removable cover 2, and the sealing strip contacts the upper end of the vacuum tank 1.
[27] Further, a heat insulating layer 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the vacuum tank 1, and the heat insulating layer 13 is made from a high-temperature-resistant material.
[28] The vacuum system of the planetoid heating simulation device in the solution includes the vacuum tank 1 and the vacuum pumps 4. Moreover, the customized vacuum tank 1 is made from the acrylic transparent organic glass material. The vacuum tank is in a tubular shape, the tank wall is 2 cm thick, the outer diameter is 60 cm, the inner diameter is 56 cm, and the height is 60 cm. The removable cover 2 is 5 arranged at the top of the vacuum tank and is sealed by adhering the sealing strip. The tank cover is equipped with three 16-core aviation sealing plugs 5 for cross-tank chaining of thermal sensors in a vacuum state. Three gas valves 7 are reserved for connecting the vacuum pumps so as to achieve vacuumizing or vacuum pressure relief.
In addition, the removable cover 2 is equipped with the electronic pressure vacuum gauge 6 for monitoring the changing situation of the pressure in the tank. Meanwhile, to prevent deformation of the bottom of the tank due to overtemperature of the interior bearing system, the heat insulating layer 13 made from the high-temperature-resistant material is paved at the bottom of the tank. The extreme absolute pressure capable of being attained by the vacuum system in the embodiment is about 1.3 kpa, the relative pressure is -88 kpa, and the vacuum degree is close to 1/10 of barometric pressure.
[29] Further, the metal strip 11 is arranged in a cylindrical mesh shape.
[30] Further, the inner diameter of the flange 8 is set as 35.5 cm and the outer diameter thereof is set as 56.5 cm, while the inner diameter of the flange ring 9 is set as 25.5 cm and the outer diameter thereof is set as 43.5 cm.
[31] In the using process of the solution, the sample bearing system includes the flanges 8, the flange ring 9, the cylindrical round hole plate 10, the stainless steel filter screen 12 and the metal strip 11. Because a powder sample is hardly kept spherical and heated at the center, in the embodiment, the powder sample is kept cylindrical for heating. The 800-mesh stainless steel filter screen 12 1s used for wrapping the powder sample. Moreover, to keep the filter screen loading the powder sample cylindrical, the stainless steel filter screen 12 is welded to the metal strip 11 in the cylindrical mesh shape. The stainless steel filter screen 12 can keep effective exchange of gas in interior and exterior space of the sample while wrapping the powder sample. The mesh-shaped metal strip 11 1s welded to the flange ring 9 with the inner diameter of 25.5 cm and the outer diameter of 43.5 cm at the top to further form a whole. In addition, in the solution, by customizing the cylindrical round hole plate 10, the top and the bottom of the cylindrical round hole plate are respectively welded to the flange 8 with the inner diameter of 35.5 cm and the outer diameter of 56.5 cm. The powder sample is suspended as the flanges are overlapped at the top. The stainless steel filter screen 12 loading the powder sample is placed in the cylindrical round hole plate 10, and round holes in the cylindrical round hole plate 10 can serve as channels for exchange of interior and exterior gases.
[32] The temperature measuring system: at present, industrially frequently used three temperature sensors include a thermistor, a resistance temperature detector and a thermocouple. The three temperature sensors have their own unique features. The thermistor has the most basic feature that the resistance of the thermistor changes obviously with change of temperature, and the thermistor is usually made from a ceramic or a polymer, can be used for temperature measurement in an extreme environment and can achieve temperature measurement with a high precision within a limited temperature range, usually -90-130°C; the resistance temperature detector is also known as a resistance thermometer, is made from a known material with resistance changing with temperature and is usually made from platinum, features high precision and stability, and is frequently used in environments with a temperature lower than or equal to 600°C; and the thermocouple is also known as a thermoelectric couple, a kind of passive sensors, can output electric signals by virtue of its own thermoelectric effect, is the widely applied temperature sensor, and includes S, B, K, E,
J, T and N type thermocouples. The thermocouples of different types have different applicable temperatures and thermal sensitivities. In consideration of temperature measuring requirement >300°C, economy and temperature sensitivity in the solution, temperature monitoring and control involved in the embodiment both are completed through the K type thermocouple. The K type thermocouple usually made from a nickel-chrome alloy or a nickel-aluminum alloy has a large temperature range: -200-1200°C, with the temperature sensitivity of 41uV/°C. In addition, to facilitate piercing of the K type thermocouple into the powder without deformation in the piercing process, a probe-like armored thermocouple with high mechanical strength is used in the solution. The armored thermocouple is 15 cm long with the diameter of 1.0 mm. Thermocouple signals are read by a RS20K-C RS485 temperature transmitter which can import a temperature signal into a computer and monitor and store the temperature.
[33] The heating-temperature controlling system: because a spherical heater is hard to control and 1s insufficient in heating power, to improve the heating efficiency, the single-end heating tube with the length of 20 cm and the tube diameter of 2.4 cm is customized in the embodiment. The highest temperature of the single-end heating tube can reach 900-1000°C and the heating power is 1800W and 1200W. The single-end heating tube can reach the peak temperature endured by a 6-type common chondrite completely. The heating tube 3 is equipped with the K type thermocouple which controls the temperature of the heating tube. Temperature control is completed through a customized electrical control box. The electrical control box mainly includes a PID temperature controller and a relay. If the temperature of the heating tube exceeds a predetermined temperature, the relay cuts off a main circuit to stop power supply to the heating tube 3, so as to stop temperature rise; if the temperature of the heating tube 3 is lower than the predetermined temperature, the relay closes the main circuit to supply power to the heating tube, so as to realize temperature rise.
[34] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

ConclusiesConclusions I. Planetoideverwarmingssimulatieinrichting, die een vacuümtank (1) omvat, waarbij een verwijderbare afdekking (2) draaibaar verbonden is met het bovenste uiteinde van de vacuümtank (1); een afkoppelbare verwarmingsbuis (3), twee 16-kerns luchtvaart afdichtpluggen (5), een elektronische drukvacuümmeter en drie gaskleppen (7) geïnstalleerd zijn in de positie van het midden van een cirkel op het bovenste uiteinde van de verwijderbare afdekking (2); de 16-kerns luchtvaart afdichtpluggen (5), de elektronische drukvacuümmeter (6) en de gaskleppen (7) zich allemaal op de buitenste zijde van de verwarmingsbuis (3) bevinden; flenzen (8) geïnstalleerd zijn in een monsterdraagsysteem binnen in de vacuümtank (1); een buisvormige plaat met een rond gat (10) vast verbonden is tussen de bovenste flens en de onderste flens (8); een flensring (9) vast verbonden is met het bovenste gedeelte van het poederdraagsysteem;, een metalen strook (11) vast verbonden is met het onderste uiteinde van de flensring (9); een roestvrijstalen filterscherm (12) vast verbonden is met het buitenste uiteinde van de metalen strook (11); en de vacuümpompen (4) gecommuniceerd zijn via de gaskleppenI. Asteroid heating simulation apparatus, comprising a vacuum tank (1), a removable cover (2) being rotatably connected to the upper end of the vacuum tank (1); a detachable heating pipe (3), two 16-core aviation sealing plugs (5), an electronic pressure vacuum gauge and three throttle valves (7) being installed in the position of the center of a circle on the upper end of the removable cover (2); the 16-core aviation sealing plugs (5), the electronic pressure vacuum gauge (6) and the throttle valves (7) are all located on the outer side of the heating pipe (3); flanges (8) are installed in a sample carrying system inside the vacuum tank (1); a tubular plate with a round hole (10) is fixedly connected between the upper flange and the lower flange (8); a flange ring (9) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the powder carrier system; a metal strip (11) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the flange ring (9); a stainless steel filter screen (12) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the metal strip (11); and the vacuum pumps (4) are communicated via the gas valves (7).(7). 2. Planetoïdeverwarmingssimulatieïnrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de vacuümtank (1) gemaakt is van een acryl transparant organisch glazen materiaal, de vacuümtank (1) opgesteld is in een buisvorm, de wand van de tank 2 cm dik is, de buitendiameter 60 cm is, de binnendiameter 56 cm is, en de hoogte 60 cm is.2. The asteroid heating simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum tank (1) is made of an acrylic transparent organic glass material, the vacuum tank (1) is arranged in a tube shape, the wall of the tank is 2 cm thick, the outer diameter is 60 cm, the inner diameter is 56 cm, and the height is 60 cm. 3. Planetoideverwarmingssimulatieinrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij een afdichtstrook op het onderste uiteinde van de verwijderbare afdekking (2) geplakt is, en de afdichtstrook contact maakt met het bovenste uiteinde van de vacuümtank (1).3. The asteroid heating simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sealing strip is stuck on the lower end of the removable cover (2), and the sealing strip contacts the upper end of the vacuum tank (1). 4. Planetoideverwarmingssimulatieinrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het roestvrijstalen filterscherm (12) opgesteld 1s in een cilindrische maasvorm.4. The asteroid heating simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel filter screen (12) is arranged in a cylindrical mesh shape. 5. Planetoïdeverwarmingssimulatieïnrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij de binnendiameter van de flens (8) is ingesteld als 35,5 cm en de buitendiameter daarvan ingesteld is als 56,5 cm, terwijl de binnendiameter van de flensring (9) ingesteld is als5. The asteroid heating simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the flange (8) is set as 35.5 cm and the outer diameter thereof is set as 56.5 cm, while the inner diameter of the flange ring (9) is set as 25,5 cm en de buitenste diameter daarvan ingesteld is als 43,5 cm.25.5 cm and its outer diameter is set as 43.5 cm. 6. Planetoideverwarmingssimulatieinrichting volgens conclusie 1, waarbij een warmte-isolatielaag (13) opgesteld is bij het onderste uiteinde van de vacuümtank (1), en de warmte-isolatielaag (13) gemaakt is van materiaal dat resistent is tegen hoge temperaturen.6. The asteroid heating simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulation layer (13) is disposed at the lower end of the vacuum tank (1), and the heat insulation layer (13) is made of high temperature resistant material.
NL2035125A 2023-06-19 2023-06-19 Planetoid heating simulation device NL2035125B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2035125A NL2035125B1 (en) 2023-06-19 2023-06-19 Planetoid heating simulation device

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2035125A NL2035125B1 (en) 2023-06-19 2023-06-19 Planetoid heating simulation device

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NL2035125B1 true NL2035125B1 (en) 2025-01-06

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2930825A (en) * 1957-07-30 1960-03-29 United States Steel Corp Annealing furnace
NL7400721A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-07-22 Jan Obbes Ceramic firing furnace - with box-type reversible cover providing extra furnace volume if required
US20040115583A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-06-17 Hohenshelt John S. Portable kiln

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2930825A (en) * 1957-07-30 1960-03-29 United States Steel Corp Annealing furnace
NL7400721A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-07-22 Jan Obbes Ceramic firing furnace - with box-type reversible cover providing extra furnace volume if required
US20040115583A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-06-17 Hohenshelt John S. Portable kiln

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