NL2031431B1

NL2031431B1 - Compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops

Info

Publication number: NL2031431B1
Application number: NL2031431A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Wan Luchang; Gong Zhiyuan; Xie Hongyan; Cui Hui; Gao Xia; Han Jiandong; Yao Qiang; Huang Chunyan; Yang Peng; Zhao Shufang; Li Jin
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural Tech Promotion Center; Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Inst Of Agricultural Resources And Environment
Priority date: 2022-03-29
Filing date: 2022-03-29
Publication date: 2023-03-31
Also published as: NL2031431A

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops. The compound preparation is compounded from the following components: 90—94 parts of an edible mushroom dreg extract, 4—6 parts of a sophora alopecuroides extract and 2—4 parts of an ulva pertusa extract. The compound preparation of the invention has the advantages of controlling melon powdery mildew and improving the quality of melon crops, and is green, pollution—free, safe and environmentally friendly, and meets the people's increasing demands for food quality and safety.

Description

P1275/NLpd

COMPOUND PREPARATION CONTAINING EDIBLE MUSHROOM DREG EXTRACTS FOR

MELON CROPS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of ag- riculture, and particularly relates to a compound preparation con- taining edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops.

BACKGROUND ART

There are more than 10 kinds of melons and vegetables, in- cluding cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin, muskmelon, wax gourds, co- cozelle, which belong to the Cucurbitaceae annual herbaceous plants. This kind of vegetables has been cultivated in large areas for a long time, and has been suffering from various pests and diseases. The main symptoms of melon powdery mildew happen on the surface of leaves, petioles and stems, and rarely happen on fruits. At present, chemical pesticides are still relied on to prevent and control them in production, but a long-term use of chemicals makes pathogenic bacteria to generally develop different degrees of resistance, making it difficult to control. Moreover, the resulting excessive use of chemical pesticides has also brought many negative impacts on the agro-ecological environment.

As consumers! requirements for product quality continue to increase, melon products with special value are more popular while the green safety of products is ensured, for example, selenium- rich melons and fruits. Conventional agents for the powdery mildew control have a single effect, cannot improve quality, and also face problems such as environmental protection and food safety.

The nutrient solutions used to improve the quality of crops can only improve the quality and cannot achieve a comprehensive ef- fect. Therefore, if a novel preparation that can prevent powdery mildew and improve the quality of melon crops, has comprehensive effects, and is safe and environmentally friendly, it will have wide application potentials.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure adopts the following technical solu- tions: a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg ex- tracts for melon crops, compounded from the following components: 90-94 parts of an edible mushroom dreg extract, 4-6 parts of a sophora alopecuroides extract and 2-4 parts of an ulva pertusa ex- tract.

Edible mushroom dregs of the present disclosure may be one or more of pleurotus eryngii dregs, oyster mushroom dregs, flammulina velutipes dregs, pholiota nameko dregs, pleurotus nebrodensis dregs, shii-take dregs, volvariella volvacea dregs and black fun- gus dregs.

For preparation of the sophora alopecuroides extract and the ulva pertusa extract, an ethanol reflux extraction process can be adopted, for example, 75%-90% ethanol solution is used as an ex- traction solution, in a material to liquid ratio of 1:(8-10), ul- trasonic treatment is performed for 10 min, and heating extraction at 65-80°C is performed for 3 times, 2 hours each time. The extrac- tion solution is evaporated and concentrated until dryness, and dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol to a constant volume until a dry sample concentration of 1 g/mL, and then refrigerated and stored for later use.

Sophora alopecuroides is a plant of the genus sophora in the family fabaceae, alias foxtail-like sophora root, radix sophorae alopecuroidis, etc., is cold in nature, extremely bitter, and has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, dispelling wind and drying dampness, relieving pain and killing insects, etc. Main ac- tive components of sophora alopecuroides comprise alkaloids, fla- vones, organic acids, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, etc.

Ulva pertusa is a common seaweed, which is salty and cold in na- ture and is capable of clearing heat and detoxifying, softening hard lumps and dispersing stasis. Ulva pertusa has complex chemi- cal compositions. Analysis shows that a dried product contains 2.10% of chlorine, 5.21% of potassium, 8.20% of potassium chlo- ride, 0.013% of iodine, 8.12% of ash, 21.12% of soluble salts and multiple vitamins and ergosterol, and acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, haptoglobic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and linolenic acid, carvone, furfural, benzaldehyde, citric acid, capsaicin, vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, isovanillin, limonene, caryophyllene, p-polysyllene, cineole, eugenol, aromatic alcohol and vitamin B12 as well.

Therefore, the present disclosure also provides an applica- tion of the compound preparation in controlling powdery mildew of melons.

The present disclosure also provides an application of the compound preparation in improving the quality of melon crop prod- ucts. The application is preferably application with a selenium fertilizer to increase the content of selenium in melon crops.

The present disclosure also provides a melon crop growth reg- ulator, comprising the compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops, and other conventional plant growth regulators.

The present disclosure has the following advantages: {1} The present disclosure makes full use of the wastes in the production process of edible mushrooms, and after processing, it is sprayed on crops as a nutrient solution to provide suffi- cient nutrition for crop growth, which can replace foliar ferti- lizer to a certain extent; thus, not only the cost is greatly re- duced, but also it is more environmentally friendly and safe, meeting the requirements of green agricultural development. (2) The compound preparation of the present disclosure uses plant-derived extracts, which have a significant antibacterial ef- fect and have a good effect on control of the powdery mildew. In addition, by applying the edible mushroom dreg extract together with the plant-derived extracts, the control effect against pow- dery mildew can be improved. Possibly due to the effect of the nu- trients in the mushroom dreg extracts, the disease resistance of crops is improved and the effect of bacteriostatic components in medicine is assisted. (3)The compound preparation of the present disclosure can im- prove the quality of melons. Tests show that spraying the compound preparation of the present disclosure can increase the yield and increase the nutrient content of the products, especially when ap- plied with selenium fertilizer, the effect of selenium enrichment can be significantly improved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Example 1, a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops, compounded from the following com- ponents: 20 parts of a pleurotus eryngii dreg extract, 6 parts of a sophora alopecurcides extract and 4 parts of an ulva pertusa ex- tract.

A method for preparing the pleurotus eryngii dreg extract comprises:fresh mushroom dregs without mold were dried under a condition of 60°C, crushed, put into a beating device, and homoge- nized with 3 times the weight of water; 0.2%-0.4% of cellulase and 0.1%-0.2% of papain were added into a mushroom dreg pulp to carry out enzymolysis, stirred and heated to 52-58°C, enzymolysis lasted for 2.0-4.0 h, after enzymolysis ended, the temperature was in- creased to 100°C and kept for 15 min to deactivate enzymes, to ob- tain an enzymolysis product, and the enzymolysis product was cooled and filtered to obtain a filtrate, namely a mushroom dreg enzymolysis extraction solution.

For preparation of the sophora alopecuroides extract and the ulva pertusa extract, an ethanol reflux extraction process was adopted, either separated extraction or combined extraction may be implemented: 75%-90% ethanol solution was adopted as an extraction solution, in a material to liquid ratio of 1: {8-10}, ultrasonic treatment was performed for 10 min, and heating extraction at 65- 80°C was performed for 3 times, 2 hours each time. The extraction solution was evaporated and concentrated until dryness, and dis- solved in absolute ethyl alcohol to a constant volume until a dry sample concentration of 1 g/mL.

Example 2, a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops, compounded from the following com- ponents: 94 parts of a flammulina velutipes dreg extract, 4 parts of a sophora alopecuroides extract and 2 parts of an ulva pertusa extract.

The preparation methods of the flammulina velutipes dreg ex- tract, sophora alopecuroides extract and ulva pertusa extract were the same as those in Example 1.

Example 3, a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops, compounded from the following com- ponents: 92 parts of oyster mushroom dreg extract, 6 parts of a 5 sophora alopecuroides extract and 2 parts of an ulva pertusa ex- tract.

The preparation methods of the oyster mushroom dreg extract, sophora alopecuroides extract and ulva pertusa extract were the same as those in Example 1.

Example 4, a compound preparation containing edible mushroom dreg extracts for melon crops, compounded from the following com- ponents: 92 parts of shii-take dreg extract, 5 parts of a sophora alopecuroides extract and 3 parts of an ulva pertusa extract.

The preparation methods of the shii-take dreg extract, sopho- ra alopecuroides extract and ulva pertusa extract were the same as those in Example 1.

Test 1. Virulence test of sophora alopecuroides and ulva per- tusa on the melon powdery mildew pathogenic bacteria

With a 753 ethanol solution as an extraction solvent, in a material to liquid ratio of 1:8, sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa underwent ultrasonic treatment for 10 min respectively, and heating extraction for 3 times at 70°C, 2 hours each time. The extraction solution was evaporated and concentrated till dry, and dissolved with absolute ethyl alcohol to a constant volume until a dry sample concentration of 1 g/mL, to obtain an extract solution; and the sophora alopecuroides extract and the ulva pertusa extract were mixed in a ratio of 3:2, as an extract mother liquid.

Three treatment groups were set for the test, the extract mother liquids were respectively diluted into 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L test medicine liquids, and pure water was used as a control group. A cucumber leaf (in vitro) method was adopted as a test method. Uninfected true leaves of cucumber seedlings were picked off, 2 leaves as one group, dipped into each group of medi- cine liquids for 60 s, fished out and dried in the air. Then pow- dery mildew conidia on newly collected cucumber powdery mildew leaves were inoculated into leaves treated with the medicine liq- uids, and placed in Petri dishes and incubated, and infection states of each treated leaf were observed. After 1 week, the pre- vention effect was derived from the number of infected spots (dots) on the leaves. A calculation method was:prevention ef- fect=[number of control infected spots (dots)-number of treatment infected spots (dots) ]/number of control infected spots (dots) *100%. Results were as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 showed that extracts of sophora alopecuroides and ul- va pertusa in the present disclosure had a remarkable inhibition effect, and the higher the concentration was, the better the in- fection inhibiting effect.

Table 1 Determination of inhibition effect of extracts of sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa on cucumber powdery mildew infection

Treatment Total number of infected spots Prevention effect % lee

Extracts of sophora alopecu- 5 86.8 roides and ulva pertusa 100 mg/L

Extracts of sophora alopecu- 14 63.2

Erie

Extracts of sophora alopecu- 26 31.6 roides and ulva pertusa 25 mg/L ee 1

Test 2. Field efficacy and safety test of the compound prepa- ration of the present disclosure on the melon powdery mildew

The test was conducted in greenhouses of the Institute of

Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the field efficacy tests and safety investigation of powdery mil- dew on cucumbers, watermelons and pumpkins were conducted respec- tively.

Four test groups were established in each melon shed, group

A:100 mg/L of sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa extract; group B:a compound preparation of an example (the proportion and concentration of the sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa ex- tract were 100 mg/L, same as in group A); group C:a conventional chemical group; and group CK: a clear water control group. Each treatment was repeated for 3 times.

Crops in each group grew without difference before the test, and fencing was used for protection during medicine application.

The amount of spraying was subjected to the whole leaf of the plant being wet without liquid dripping. The safety was investi- gated by visually inspecting the effect of the medicine applica- tion on the growth of melons 1, 4 and 7 days after the medicine application. The efficacy was investigated before the 1st medicine application and 7d after the 2nd medicine application. Each plot was randomly sampled at 3 points, 2 adjacent plants were investi- gated at each point, and all leaves of each plant were investigat- ed to calculate disease indexes and prevention efficacy.

In accordance with GB/T17980.30-2000, the control effect=1- {[(post-medicine disease index in a medicine treatment area - pre- medicine disease index in the medicine treatment area)/pre- medicine disease index in the medicine treatment areal/[ (post- medicine disease index in a blank control area - pre-medicine dis- ease index in the blank control area) /pre-medicine disease index in the blank control area]}. The results of powdery mildew control on watermelons and pumpkins were shown in Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2 Control effect of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on the melon powdery mildew

Treatment Disease index before | Disease index after | Average control effect

Group A: Extracts of 1.51 27.45 63.6 sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa 100 mg/L

Group B: compound 1.49 22.69 69.8 preparation of Example 1

Group C: 10% Shigao 1.60 20.31 75.2 ae |"

Group CK: clear water 1.53 73.65

Table 3 Control effect of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on the pumpkin powdery mildew

Treatment Disease index before Disease index after Average control effect

Group A: Extracts of 3.61 38.01 43.5 sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa 100 mg/L

Group B: compound 3.67 32.49 53.4 preparation of Example 2

Group C: 20% 1,500- 3.59 28.44 58.9 enen

Group CK: clear water 3.53 63.04

Due to good cucumber control measures in the cucumber shed during the test, no powdery mildew occurred, therefore, to prevent powdery mildew, the medicine was applied once, and 7 days after medicine application, samples were taken to calculate the disease indexes and the prevention efficacy. In accordance with provisions of GB/T17980.30-2000, the control effect= (disease index of the blank control area-disease index of the medicine treatment ar- ea) /disease index of the blank control area*100%. Results were shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Prevention effect of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on melon powdery mildew

Treatment Total number of Disease index Average control! leaves effect %

Group A: Extracts of 131 2.89 59.6 sophora alopecuroides and ulva pertusa 100 mg/L

Group B: compound 129 2.31 67.6 preparation of Example 3

Group CK: clear water 130 7.15

El ee

As shown in Table 2 to Table 4, the present disclosure had a good prevention effect on melon powdery mildew, and no matter for group A or group B 7 days after application, a good control effect on melon powdery mildew could be achieved. The effect of the pre- sent disclosure was not much different from that of application of conventional chemicals. In addition, group B had a better control effect than that of group A by compounding edible mushroom dreg extracts with sophora alopecuroides+ulva pertusa extracts, possi- bly because of the action of the nutritional components in the dreg extracts, which on the one hand might improve the disease re- sistance of crops, and on the other hand might assist bacterio- static components in medicine to take effect. In the medicine ap- plication process, there was no adverse effect on plant growth, and plants grew normally after the medicine application.

In addition, in order to study the effect of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on the quality of melons, the subsequent investigation on the cucumbers in test areas was performed. Groups A and B were sprayed again at an interval of 15 days after the first spraying, and a total of three times until the harvest, and the rest of the field management was the same as a conventional method. The yield of cucumbers was calculated and the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in cucumbers were meas- ured after the harvest. Results were as shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Effect of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on the yield and quality of cucumbers

Yield per % increase Vitamin C | % increase Soluble % increase mu (kg/mu) | over control | content over control | sugar over control mg/100g content %

Group A: Ex- 7642 4.54 22.6 29.14 3.4 21.43 tracts of sophora alo- pecuroides and ulva pertusa 100 mg/L

Group B: com- | 7863 7.56 255 45.71 3.9 39.29 pound prepa- ration of Ex- ample 3

Group CK: 7310 17.5 2.8 clear water control

Cucumbers in the test group were observed to be dark green in appearance, were regular in size and good in shape, with length and outer diameter meeting requirements, were juicy and tender, and good in taste. It showed that the compound preparation of the present disclosure not only did not cause deformities, but also improved the yield and the quality.

Test 3. Effect of application of the compound preparation of the present disclosure on the content of selenium in watermelons

Three watermelon fields with the same growth potential were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Group A was sprayed with an organic selenium and zinc nutrient solution (com- mercially available products, operated according to instructions), once at the first flowering stage and once at the setting stage.

Group B was sprayed with the organic selenium and zinc nutrient solution and the compound preparation prepared in Example 1, once at the first flowering stage and once at the setting stage. Con- trol group CK was sprayed with clean water. The plot area of each group was 27 m°, and the liquid spraying amount was 1.2 kg. Other management methods were the same as conventional methods.

Five fruits were randomly selected to determine the content of selenium and the content of soluble solids in the fruits. Re- sults were as shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Effect of different treatment on the yield of water- melons, the content of selenium and the content of sugar

As shown in Table 6, the watermelons that were applied with the compound preparation of the present invention, when applied together with the organic selenium and zinc nutrient solution, had a higher content of selenium and a higher content of soluble sol- ids than those of watermelons with the organic selenium and zinc nutrient solution alone.

It showed that the compound preparation of the present disclosure can enhance the effect of selenium fer- tilizer application.

Due to the high price, when the selenium fer- tilizer was applied with the compound preparation of the present invention, the quality of the watermelons can be ensured, the ap- plication of the selenium fertilizer can also be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

Claims

CONCLUSIONS

1. Compound preparation containing extracts of edible mushroom dregs for melon crops, composed of the following components: 90-94 parts of a dregs of extract of edible mushrooms, 4-6 parts of an extract of sophora alopecuroides and 2-4 parts of an extract from ulva pertusa; wherein the edible mushroom dregs may be one or more of pleurotus eryngii dregs, oyster mushroom dregs, flammulina velutipes dregs, pholiota nameko dregs, pleurotus nebrodensis dregs, shiitake dregs, volvariella volvacea dregs, and fungus; wherein a method for preparing edible mushroom dregs extracts comprises: taking fresh mushroom dregs without mold, drying under a temperature of 60°C, crushing and putting in a beating machine, 3 times the weight add to water to homogenize; adding 0.2% to 0.4% cellulase and 0.1% to 0.2% papalne to a mushroom broth pulp to perform enzymolysis for 2.0 to 4.0 hours, stirring and heating to 52 to 58 °C, after enzymolysis ends, raise the temperature to 100 °C and stand for 15 minutes to deactivate enzymes, to obtain an enzymolysis product, cooling the enzymolysis product, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, that is, an enzymolysis product extraction solution from mushroom residue; wherein a method for preparing a Sophora alopecuroides extract comprises: using 75% ethanol solution as the extraction solution, in a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8, performing an ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes, and performing an extraction with heating at 70°C for 3 times, 2 hours each time; evaporating and concentrating the extraction solution to dryness, dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol to a constant volume to a dry sample concentration of 1 g/ml, to obtain the extract solution; wherein a method of preparing an Ulva pertusa

extract includes: using 75% ethanol solution as extraction solution, in a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes and performing extraction with heating at 70°C for 3 times, 2 hours at a time; evaporating and concentrating the extraction solution to dryness, dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol to a constant volume to a dry sample concentration of 1 g/ml, to obtain the extract solution.

Use of the compound preparation containing extracts of edible mushroom dregs for melon crops according to claim 1 for improving the product quality of melon crops according to claim 1, wherein the compound preparation is used together with selenium fertilizer to increase the selenium content of increase melon crops.