NL2029124B1

NL2029124B1 - Method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in mildly salinized soil

Info

Publication number: NL2029124B1
Application number: NL2029124A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Liu Di; Zhang Chen; Ren Jie; Tian Delong; Li Zekun; Wang Guoshuai; Tang Pengcheng; Hou Chenli
Original assignee: Inst Of Water Resources Of Pastoral Area Mwr
Priority date: 2021-09-04
Filing date: 2021-09-04
Publication date: 2021-11-18

Abstract

Described is a method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in mildly 5 salinized soil. The method includes the following steps: 81, soil selection and soil preparation: selecting mildly salinized soil; applying farmyard manure; ploughing the field; conducting autumn irrigation; then directly harrowing the soil in the next year; and finally, applying a base fertilizer; 82, ditching and ridging: laying mulching films in ridges; S3, planting muskmelons: digging holes in the ridges for sowing muskmelon seeds in the next year; planting the muskmelons in single 10 rows; then building arched sheds for the muskmelon seeds; laying the mulching films on the arched shed; and forming through holes in the mulching films; 84, planting sunflower: removing the arched sheds after one month and a half from planting of the muskmelon seeds; irrigating water into the ditches; and planting the sunflower on the ridges after airing; 85, conducting irrigation management; and 86, picking and harvesting the crops. Compared with the prior art, 15 the present application has beneficial effects of planting the double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil, significantly improving total salt content in the soil and ensuring that the total salt content in the soil is more suitable for crop growth.

Description

METHOD FOR PLANTING DOUBLE-CROPPING-A-YEAR COMMERCIAL CROPS IN

MILDLY SALINIZED SOIL Technical Field The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in mildly salinized soil.

Background A Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, is the largest gravity irrigation district across China even Asia. Since the Hetao irrigation area is located in arid, semiarid and semi - desert grassland regions, continental climate characteristics are significant. A soil parent material of the area is saliferous; an underground water level is higher; irrigation is essential during development of the irrigation area; and the irrigation area is an area in which there is no agriculture in absence of irrigation. The soil in the area is salinized due to the soil parent material of the area, unique climate conditions and hydrogeological conditions, and human factors such as irrigation methods.

Soil salinization in the Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, becomes a major limiting factor of development of agricultural production in the irrigation area. Only one - stubble crops are generally planted per year in the Hetao irrigation area, but lots of lands will be wasted when only the one - stubble crops are planted per year. If two - stubble crops are planted per year, soil in the Hetao irrigation area cannot support growth of the two - stubble crops. Therefore, developing a double-cropping-a-year planting pattern in the salinized soil according to advantages of water, fertilizer, gas, light and heat in farmlands of the area is a solution for realizing yield and income increase of farmers.

Summary A purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting double-cropping-a- year commercial crops in mildly salinized soil with respect to problems existing in crop planting in mildly salinized soil of Hetao, Inner Mongolia.

To achieve the above purpose, technical solutions of the present application are as follows: the method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil includes the following steps: S1, soil selection and soil preparation: firstly, selecting mildly salinized soil; applying farmyard manure from late September to early October; ploughing the field; conducting autumn irrigation from middle October to early November; then directly harrowing the soil in early April of the next year; and finally, applying a base fertilizer; S2, ditching and ridging:

opening multiple ditches in parallel in the land per mu after applying the base fertilizer, wherein ridges are formed among the ditches; completely covering the ditches with mulching films, wherein 1/3 - 1/2 of the width of the ridges is covered and a plurality of water through holes are formed in the mulching films in the ditches; S3, planting muskmelons: digging holes in the mulching films on the ridges for sowing muskmelon seeds; and planting the muskmelons in single rows, wherein a hole spacing is 35 - 45 cm; then building arched sheds for the muskmelon seeds after the muskmelon seeds are planted, laying the mulching films on the arched sheds; and forming through holes in the mulching films; ventilating each of the arched sheds once every 1 - 3 days after 10 - 20 d from emergence of the muskmelon seedlings; S4, planting sunflower: removing the arched sheds after one month and a half from planting of the muskmelon seeds; irrigating water into the ditches; and planting the sunflower on the ridges after airing, wherein the sunflower and the muskmelon seedlings are planted at intervals and a row spacing of every two sunflower plants is 25 - 35 cm; S5, conducting irrigation management: irrigating water into the ditches once before muskmelon planting; totally irrigating water into the ditches for three times from planting of the muskmelons to harvesting of the first - stubble muskmelons, and conducting nitrogen fertilizer topdressing once; irrigating water into the ditches once before the sunflower planting; and irrigating water into the ditches once from the sunflower planting to harvesting; S6, picking ripe muskmelons; pulling out the muskmelon seedlings; and picking mature sunflowers after the sunflowers are mature.

Further, in the S1, an application rate of the farmyard manure is 1.5 - 2.5 tonnages per mu; autumn irrigation quota is up to 1500 - 1800 m? per mu; a total application rate of the base fertilizer is 47.5 - 52.5 kg per mu.

Further, the base fertilizer is composed of diamine, urea, a compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to a weight ratio of 2:(1 - 3):(4 - 5):(1 - 2).

Further, the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; and content of nutrients such as N, P.Os and K:O in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 15 - 15 - 15.

Further, in the S2, 9 - 11 ditches are formed in parallel in the land per mu. Each of the ditches has an upper mouth width of 45 - 55 cm, a bottom width of 15 - 25 cm and a depth of 25 - 35 cm; Each ridge has a width of 90 - 110 cm; In the S2, each of the mulching films is 1.3 - 1.4 m wide and 0.007 - 0.009 mm thick. Further, in the S3, a number of planted muskmelon seedlings is 1720 - 1820 plants per mu;

Each pole used for building the arched shed has a height of 1.5- 1.7 m; In the 83, each of the mulching films is 1.7 - 2.0 m wide and 0.11 - 0.13 mm thick; and A spacing of every two through holes is 1.1 - 1.3 m. Further, the variety of the muskmelons is Xiangfei.

Further, in the S4 and S5, an irrigation amount in the ditches is respectively 155 - 170 m3 per mu; in the S4, a seeding rate of the sunflower is 0.35 - 0.4 kg per mu; and in the S5, a nitrogen fertilizer topdressing amount is up to 12.5 - 17.5 kg per mu.

Further, the variety of the sunflower is Longkang 2. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has beneficial effects as follows: with the adoption of the planting method in the present application, a pattern of planting the double- cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil can be realized. Moreover, yield of the sunflower is up to about 200 kg per mu; and yield of the muskmelon is up to about 1500 kg per mu. Further, when continuously used, the planting method in the present application can decrease soil salinization.

Description of Drawings Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of ditches and ridges in the present invention.

In the figure, 1 - ditch; 2 - ridge; 3 - pole for building arched sheds; 4 - mulching film laid in ditches; 5 - water through hole; 6 - muskmelon seedling.

Detailed Description To easily understand technical means, creation features and achieved purposes and effects in the present invention, technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and fully described below in combination with drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention.

Embodiment 1 A method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil includes the following steps: S1, Soil selection and soil preparation: Firstly, mildly salinized soil was selected; farmyard manure was applied by 1.5 tonnages per mu from late September to early October; the field was ploughed; autumn irrigation was conducted from middle October to early November at autumn irrigation quota of 1500 m? per mu; then the soil was directly harrowed in early April of the next year; and finally, a base fertilizer was applied, wherein a total application rate of the base fertilizer was 47.5 kg per mu; the base fertilizer included diamine, urea, a compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the diamine, the urea, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer were mixed according to a weight ratio of 2:1:4:1 and then applied; the compound fertilizer was a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; and content of nutrients such as N, P2Os and KO in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was 15 - 15 - 15; S2, Ditching and ridging 9 ditches were opened in parallel in the land per mu after applying the base fertilizer, wherein ridges were formed among the ditches; the ditches and the ridges were covered with mulching films after ditching and ridging, wherein the ditches were completely covered by the mulching films; 1/3 - 1/2 of the width of the ridges was covered; and a plurality of water through holes were formed in the mulching films in the ditches, as shown in Fig. 1; Each of the ditches had an upper mouth width of 45 cm, a bottom width of 15 cm and a depth of 25 cm; Each ridge had a width of 90 cm; Each of the mulching films was 1.3 m wide and 0.007 mm thick; S3, Planting muskmelons Water was irrigated into the ditches and on the ridges once (in April) after the mulching films were laid, wherein an irrigation amount was 155 m3 per mu; after there was no water accumulated on the ridges, holes were dug in the mulching films on the ridges for sowing Xiangfei muskmelon seeds; the muskmelons were planted in single rows, wherein a hole spacing was 35 cm; and a number of planted muskmelon seedlings was up to 1720 plants per mu; Then arched sheds were built for the muskmelon seeds after the muskmelon seeds were planted; the mulching films were laid on the arched sheds; and through holes were formed in the mulching films, wherein each pole used for building the arched shed had a height of 1.5 m; each of the mulching films was 1.7 m wide and 0.11 mm thick; and a spacing of every two through holes was 1.1m; If an outside air temperature was higher than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated once at noon every day after10 - 20 d from emergence of the muskmelon seedlings; and if the outside air temperature was lower than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated every 2 - 3 days; S4, Planting sunflower The arched sheds were removed on about May 20; water was irrigated into the ditches once at an irrigation amount of 155 m3 per mu; and Longkang 2 sunflower was planted on the ridges after airing at the end of May or in early June, wherein the sunflower and the muskmelon seedlings were planted at intervals; a seeding rate of the sunflower was up to 0.35 kg per mu; and a row spacing of every two sunflower plants was 25 cm; S5, Irrigation management: water was irrigated into the ditches once within one month after emergence of the muskmelon seedlings (early May), nitrogen fertilizer topdressing was conducted at a dose of 12.5 kg per mu; then the water was irrigated in middle May and the end of May, i.e., the water was irrigated for four times totally from planting of the muskmelons to harvesting of first - stubble muskmelons; the water was irrigated before planting of the sunflower;

and then the water was irrigated once from planting of the sunflower to harvesting, wherein the irrigation amount was 155 m3 per mu each time; S6, After the water was irrigated to the muskmelons for the fourth time, the first - stubble muskmelons were harvested after water drained away; totally three stubbles of muskmelons can 5 be picked; the third - stubble muskmelons were picked on July 10 - 20 probably; the muskmelon seedlings were pulled out after the third - stubble muskmelons were picked; and after the sunflower was mature, the mature sunflowers were directly picked on September 10 - 20 probably.

During harvesting of the muskmelons, fruit stems and vines should be sheared off.

Embodiment 2 A method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil includes the following steps: S1, Soil selection and soil preparation Firstly, mildly salinized soil was selected; farmyard manure was applied by 2.5 tonnages per mu from late September to early October; the field was ploughed; autumn irrigation was conducted from middle October to early November at autumn irrigation quota of 1800 m? per mu; then the soil was directly harrowed in early April of the next year; and finally, a base fertilizer was applied, wherein a total application rate of the base fertilizer was 52.5 kg per mu; the base fertilizer included diamine, urea, a compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the diamine, the urea, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer were mixed according to a weight ratio of 2:3:5:2 and then applied; the compound fertilizer was a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; and content of nutrients such as N, P>Os and K:O in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was 15 - 15 - 15; S2, Ditching and ridging 11 ditches were opened in parallel in the land per mu after applying the base fertilizer, wherein ridges were formed among the ditches; the ditches and the ridges were covered with mulching films after ditching and ridging, wherein the ditches were completely covered by the mulching films; 1/3 - 1/2 of the width of the ridges was covered; and a plurality of water through holes were formed in the mulching films in the ditches; Each of the ditches had an upper mouth width of 55 cm, a bottom width of 25 cm and a depth of 35 cm; Each ridge had a width of 110 cm; Each of the mulching films was 1.4 m wide and 0.009 mm thick; S3, Planting muskmelons Water was irrigated into the ditches and on the ridges once (in April) after the mulching films were laid, wherein an irrigation amount was 170 m3 per mu; after there was no water accumulated on the ridges, holes were dug in the mulching films on the ridges for sowing Xiangfei muskmelon seeds; the muskmelons were planted in single rows, wherein a hole spacing was 45 cm; and a number of planted muskmelon seedlings was up to 1820 plants per mu; Then arched sheds were built for the muskmelon seeds after the muskmelon seeds were planted; the mulching films were laid on the arched sheds; and through holes were formed in the mulching films, wherein each pole used for building the arched shed had a height of 1.7 m; each of the mulching films was 2.0 m wide and 0.13 mm thick; and a spacing of every two through holes was 1.3 m; If an outside air temperature was higher than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated once at noon every day after 10 - 20 d from emergence of the muskmelon seedlings; and if the outside air temperature was lower than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated every 2 - 3 days; S4, Planting sunflower The arched sheds were removed after one month and a half from planting of the muskmelon seedlings; water was irrigated into the ditches once at an irrigation amount of 170 m3 per mu; and Longkang 2 sunflower was planted on the ridges after airing at the end of May or in early June, wherein a seeding rate of the sunflower was up to 0.4 kg per mu; and a row spacing of every two sunflower plants was 35 cm; S5, Irrigation management: water was irrigated into the ditches once within one month after emergence of the muskmelon seedlings (early May), nitrogen fertilizer topdressing was conducted at a dose of 17.5 kg per mu; then the water was irrigated in middle May for the third time and at the end of May for the fourth time, i.e., the water was irrigated for four times totally from planting of the muskmelons to harvesting of first - stubble muskmelons; the water was irrigated for the first time before planting of the sunflower; and then the water was irrigated once from planting of the sunflower to harvesting, wherein the irrigation amount was 170 m? per mu each time; S6, After the water was irrigated to the muskmelons for the fourth time, the first - stubble muskmelons were harvested after water drained away; totally three stubbles of muskmelons can be picked; the third - stubble muskmelons were picked on July 10 - 20 probably; the muskmelon seedlings were pulled out after the third - stubble muskmelons were picked; and after the sunflower was mature, the mature sunflowers were directly picked on September 10 - 20 probably. During harvesting of the muskmelons, fruit stems and vines should be sheared off.

Embodiment 3 A method for planting double-cropping-a-year commercial crops in the mildly salinized soil includes the following steps: S1, Soil selection and soil preparation Firstly, mildly salinized soil was selected; farmyard manure was applied by 2 tonnages per mu from late September to early October; the field was ploughed; autumn irrigation was conducted from middle October to early November at autumn irrigation quota of 1650 m? per mu;

then the soil was directly harrowed in early April of the next year; and finally, a base fertilizer was applied, wherein a total application rate of the base fertilizer was 50 kg per mu; the base fertilizer included diamine, urea, a compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the diamine, the urea, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer were mixed according to a weight ratio of 2:2:4:1 and then applied; the compound fertilizer was a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; and content of nutrients such as N, P:Os and K>O in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was 15 - 15 - 15;

S2, Ditching and ridging

10 ditches were opened in parallel in the land per mu after applying the base fertilizer, wherein ridges were formed among the ditches; the ditches and the ridges were covered with mulching films after ditching and ridging, wherein the ditches were completely covered by the mulching films; 1/3 - 1/2 of the width of the ridges was covered; and a plurality of water through holes were formed in the mulching films in the ditches;

Each of the ditches had an upper mouth width of 50 cm, a bottom width of 20 cm and a depth of 30 cm;

Each ridge had a width of 100 cm; Each of the mulching films was 1.2 m wide and 0.008 mm thick; S3, Planting muskmelons

Water was irrigated into the ditches and on the ridges once (in April) for the first time after the mulching films were laid, wherein an irrigation amount was 160 m? per mu; after there was no water accumulated on the ridges, holes were dug in the mulching films on the ridges for sowing Xiangfei muskmelon seeds; the muskmelons were planted in single rows, wherein a hole spacing was 40 cm; and a number of planted muskmelon seedlings was up to 1720 - 1820 plants per mu;

Then arched sheds were built for the muskmelon seeds after the muskmelon seeds were planted; the mulching films were laid on the arched sheds; and through holes were formed in the mulching films, wherein each pole used for building the arched shed had a height of 1.6 m; each of the mulching films was 1.9 m wide and 0.12 mm thick; and a spacing of every two through holes was 1.2 m;

If an outside air temperature was higher than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated once at noon every day after 10 - 20 d from emergence of the muskmelon seedlings; and if the outside air temperature was lower than 25°C, each of the arched sheds was ventilated every 2 - 3 days;

S4, Planting sunflower

The arched sheds were removed after one month and a half from planting of the muskmelon seedlings; water was irrigated into the ditches once at an irrigation amount of 160 m3 per mu; and Longkang 2 sunflower was planted on the ridges after airing, wherein a seeding rate of the sunflower was up to 0.45 kg per mu; and a row spacing of every two sunflower plants was 30 cm;

S5, Irrigation management: water was irrigated into the ditches once within one month for the second time after emergence of the muskmelon seedlings (early May); nitrogen fertilizer topdressing was conducted at a dose of 15 kg per mu; then the water was irrigated in middle May for the third time and at the end of May for the fourth time, i.e., the water was irrigated for four times totally from planting of the muskmelons to harvesting of first - stubble muskmelons; the water was irrigated for the first time before planting of the sunflower; and then the water was irrigated once from planting of the sunflower to harvesting, wherein the irrigation amount was 160 m3 per mu each time; S6, After the water was irrigated to the muskmelons for the fourth time, the first - stubble muskmelons were harvested after water drained away; totally three stubbles of muskmelons can be picked; the third - stubble muskmelons were picked on July 10 - 20 probably; the muskmelon seedlings were pulled out after the third - stubble muskmelons were picked; and after the sunflower was mature, the mature sunflowers were directly picked on September 10 - 20 probably. During harvesting of the muskmelons, fruit stems and vines should be sheared off.

Yield of the muskmelons and the sunflower seeds obtained in embodiments 1 - 3 per mu is shown as Table 1.

Table 1 Summary of yield of the muskmelons and sunflower seeds obtained in each embodiment Embodiment Embodiment2 Embodiment3 ~~ Mean 1 _Muskmelon (0.5 kg ~~ 28346 32917 29751 30338 per mu) Sunflower seeds 387.6 421.8 395.7 401.7 (0.5 kg per mu) 2 It can be seen from Table 1 that, the mean yield of the muskmelons per mu is up to 1516.9 kg per mu; and the mean yield of the sunflower seeds per mu is up to 200.85 kg per mu.

After the planting method in the present application is continuously used for planting for 3 years, through detection of the soil salinization degree, total salt content in soil of a plough layer is decreased to 0.2 - 0.3%; and the total salt soil is more suitable for crop growth.

To sum up, according to the planting method in the present application, the double-cropping- a-year commercial crops can be planted in the mildly salinized soil. Moreover, the yield of the sunflower seeds is up to about 200 kg per mu; and the yield of the muskmelons is up to about 1500 kg per mu. Further, when continuously used for 3 years, the planting method in the present invention can significantly improve the total salt content in the soil, so that the ensured total salt soil is more suitable for the crop growth.

The above only discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention.

However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited therein.

Any changes that can be thought by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

CONCLUSIONS

A method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on slightly salty soil, the method comprising the following steps: S1: selecting the soil and preparing the soil first, selecting a slightly salty soil; application of farmyard manure from late September to early October; plowing the field; irrigate from mid-October to early November; at the beginning of April of the following year direct harrowing of the bottom; finally applying a basic fertilizer; S2: forming ridges in trenches: after the basic fertilization has been applied, several trenches are opened parallel in the land per mu, whereby ridges are formed between the trenches; completely covering the trenches with mulch films, covering 1/3 - 1/2 of the width of the ridges and forming multiple water-permeable openings in the mulch films in the trenches; S3: planting musk melons: digging holes in the mulch films on the ridges for sowing musk melon seeds; and planting the musk melons in single rows, keeping a distance of 35 - 45 cm between the holes; then, after planting the muskmelon seeds, build arch-shaped shelters for the muskmelon seeds; laying the mulching films on the arched canopies; and forming through holes in the mulch films; after 10 to 20 days after the muskmelon seedlings emerge, ventilate each of the arched canopies every 1 to 3 days; S4: planting sunflowers: removing the arched canopies after one and a half months after planting the muskmelon seeds; irrigating water in the trenches; and planting the sunflowers on the ridges after ventilation, planting the sunflowers and muskmelon seedlings alternately and the row spacing between each two sunflower plants is 25-35 cm; S5: conducting irrigation management: irrigating the trenches with water once before planting the muskmelons; irrigating the trenches completely with water three times from planting the muskmelons to harvesting the first stubble field - muskmelons, and treating once with a top dressing of nitrogen fertilizers; irrigating the trenches with water once prior to planting the sunflower; and irrigating the trenches with water once from planting the sunflower to harvesting; S8: picking ripe musk melons; pulling out the seedlings of the muskmelon; and picking ripe sunflowers ripening the sunflowers.

The method for planting commercial crops with two crops per year on slightly salted soil according to claim 1, wherein — in the S1, the amount of spreading manure is 1.5 - 2.5 tons per mu; — the autumn irrigation quota is 1500 - 1800 m3 per mu; — a total dosage of the basic fertilizer is 47.5 - 52.5 kg per mu.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is composed of diamine, urea, a compound fertilizer and a potash fertilizer in a weight ratio of 2:(1-3): (4-5):(1-2).

The method of planting commercial crops at two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 3, wherein the compound fertilizer is a fertilizer compound of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; and the nutrient content of N, P2O3 and K2O in the fertilizer composed of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15-15.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 1, wherein - inde S2 per mu. 9 - 11 trenches are formed parallel in the land; — each of the gullies has a top width of 45-55 cm, a bottom width of 15-25 cm and a depth of 25-35 cm — each ridge has a width of 90-110 cm; — in the S2 each of the mulching films is 1.3 - 1.4 m wide and 0.007 - 0.009 mm thick.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 1, wherein — in the S3, the number of planted muskmelon seedlings is 1720 - 1820 plants per mu; — each pile used for the construction of the arched shelter has a height of 1.5-1,7m — in the S3 each of the mulch films 1.7-2.0 m wide and 0.11-0.13 mm is fat; — the distance between the two through holes is 1.1 - 1.3 m.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 6, wherein the variety of the muskmelons is Xiangfei.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 1, wherein in the S4 and S5 the irrigation amount in the trenches is 155 - 170 m 2 , respectively. per mu is; in the S4 the sunflower seed rate is 0.35 - 0.4 kg per mu; and in the S5 the amount of top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer is up to 12.5 - 17.5 kg per mu.

The method of planting commercial crops with two crops per year on lightly salted soil according to claim 8, wherein the variety of the sunflower is Longkang 2.