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NL1041065B1 - System and method for dosing hydrogen gas to an Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion installation with the aim of biologically converting carbon dioxide into extra methane at high pressure. - Google Patents

System and method for dosing hydrogen gas to an Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion installation with the aim of biologically converting carbon dioxide into extra methane at high pressure. Download PDF

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NL1041065B1
NL1041065B1 NL1041065A NL1041065A NL1041065B1 NL 1041065 B1 NL1041065 B1 NL 1041065B1 NL 1041065 A NL1041065 A NL 1041065A NL 1041065 A NL1041065 A NL 1041065A NL 1041065 B1 NL1041065 B1 NL 1041065B1
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Christiaan Emanuel Zagt Ir
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023Methane
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/003Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/005Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/06Pressure conditions
    • C02F2301/066Overpressure, high pressure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/30Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
    • C12M41/32Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of substances in solution
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

De onderhavige uitvinding heeft betrekking op een systeem en werkwijze die bedoeld is om nuttig gebruik te maken van de kooldioxide die vrijkomt bij het AHPD proces dat door Zagt Zelf BV is gepatenteerd en waartoe octrooi is verleend op 13 oktober 2010 onder nummer 1037103. De onderhavige vinding reduceert de hoeveelheid C02 die in eerste instantie in het AHPD proces wordt gevormd uit de omzetting van substraat, door het toevoegen van extra waterstof uit een externe bron. Daardoor zal zowel de hoeveelheid methaan als de methaanconcentratie toenemen. Tegelijkertijd wordt de uitstoot van kooldioxide evenredig verminderd.The present invention relates to a system and method intended to make useful use of the carbon dioxide released in the AHPD process patented by Zagt Zelf BV and patented on October 13, 2010 under number 1037103. The present invention reduces the amount of CO2 initially formed in the AHPD process from substrate conversion by adding additional hydrogen from an external source. As a result, both the amount of methane and the methane concentration will increase. At the same time, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced proportionally.

Description

Systeem en werkwijze voor het doseren van waterstofgas aan een Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion installatie met als doel om bij hoge druk kooldioxide biologisch om te zetten in extra methaan.System and method for dosing hydrogen gas to an Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion installation with the aim of biologically converting carbon dioxide into extra methane at high pressure.

De onderhavige uitvinding heeft betrekking op een systeem en werkwijze die bedoeld is om nuttig gebruik te maken van de kooldioxide die vrijkomt bij het AHPD proces dat door Zagt Zelf BV is gepatenteerd en waartoe octrooi is verleend op 13 oktober 2010 onder nummer 1037103. R.E.F. Lindeboom heeft over het AHPD proces een proefschrift (ISBN 978-94-6173-860-8) geschreven dat op 27 februari 2014 succesvol is verdedigd aan Wageningen Universiteit. AHPD is een continu proces waarbij organische substraten (zoals bijvoorbeeld biomassa, afvalwater, zuiveringsslib) in een gesloten reactor worden geinjecteerd en daarin middels biokatalyse worden omgezet in onder andere kooldioxide en methaangas. Als gevolg van de biologische gasproductie in de gesloten reactor wordt druk opgebouwd zoals is weergegeven in figuur 1 en figuur 2. Vanwege de wet van Henry worden in groengas ongewenste componenten zoals kooldioxide en zwavelwaterstof opgelost in de waterfase. AHPD produceert derhalve groengas met een methaangehalte van 80-99% uit organische substraten onder biologisch opgebouwde druk. Naast afscheiding van het geproduceerde gas en het uitgegiste slib wordt separaat de waterfase uit de AHPD reactor afgevoerd terwijl de deeltjes zoveel mogelijk binnen blijven. Indien bij de afscheiding van water en deeltjes in een voordelige uitvoering een filter of membraan wordt toegepast wordt de résulterende waterstroom "permeaat" genoemd. Na verlaging van de druk van deze permeaatstroom door bijvoorbeeld een restrictie, een drukwisselaar, of een andere voordelige uitvoering, komen de onder druk opgeloste gassen weer vrij uit de waterstroom of het permeaat. Dat gasmengsel bestaat uit voornamelijk kooldioxide (C02) maar ook een fractie zwavelwaterstof (H2S) en een fractie methaan (CH4) en ammoniak (NH3). Deze qua druk gereduceerde stroom wordt ingevoerd bovenin een gasstripper met als doel de gassen zo veel mogelijk uit het water of permeaat te verwijderen. Een kenmerkende voordelige uitvoering van het AHPD proces is opgenomen als figuur 3.The present invention relates to a system and method intended to make useful use of the carbon dioxide released by the AHPD process patented by Zagt Zelf BV and patented on October 13, 2010 under number 1037103. R.E.F. Lindeboom has written a dissertation (ISBN 978-94-6173-860-8) about the AHPD process that was successfully defended at Wageningen University on 27 February 2014. AHPD is a continuous process in which organic substrates (such as, for example, biomass, waste water, sewage sludge) are injected into a closed reactor and are converted therein through, among other things, biocatalysis to carbon dioxide and methane gas. As a result of the biological gas production in the closed reactor, pressure is built up as shown in figure 1 and figure 2. Due to Henry's law, undesirable components such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide are dissolved in the water phase in green gas. AHPD therefore produces green gas with a methane content of 80-99% from organic substrates under biologically built up pressure. In addition to separating the produced gas and the digested sludge, the water phase is also separately removed from the AHPD reactor while the particles remain inside as much as possible. If a filter or membrane is used in the separation of water and particles in an advantageous embodiment, the resulting water flow is called "permeate". After reducing the pressure of this permeate stream by, for example, a restriction, a pressure exchanger, or another advantageous embodiment, the gases dissolved under pressure are released from the water stream or the permeate. This gas mixture mainly consists of carbon dioxide (CO2) but also a fraction of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and a fraction of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3). This pressure-reduced stream is introduced at the top of a gas stripper with the aim of removing the gases from the water or permeate as much as possible. A typical advantageous embodiment of the AHPD process is included as Figure 3.

De onderhavige vinding reduceert de hoeveelheid C02 die in eerste instantie in het AHPD proces wordt gevormd uit de omzetting van substraat, door het toevoegen van extra waterstof uit een externe bron. Deze andere bron kan zijn een stroom of reststroom waterstofgas uit een conventioneel fysisch-chemisch proces, dan wel waterstof dat doelbewust tegen lage kosten duurzaam is geproduceerd uit bijvoorbeeld windenergie of zonnestroom, tijdens piekmomenten waarbij de stroomprijs laag is als gevolg van vraag en aanbod of als gevolg van overcapaciteit op het elektriciteitsnet. Daardoor ontstaat een zogenaamd "Power-to-Gas" systeem, hetgeen voordelig is vanwege de eigenschap dat methaangas gemakkelijker dan stroom kan worden opgeslagen in de bestaande aardgas infrastructuur.The present invention reduces the amount of CO 2 initially formed in the AHPD process from the conversion of substrate by adding additional hydrogen from an external source. This other source can be a stream or residual stream of hydrogen gas from a conventional physico-chemical process, or hydrogen that has been deliberately produced at low cost from wind energy or solar power, for example, during peak times where the price of electricity is low due to supply and demand or as due to overcapacity on the electricity grid. This creates a so-called "Power-to-Gas" system, which is advantageous because of the property that methane gas can be stored in the existing natural gas infrastructure more easily than electricity.

De werking van de vinding is gebaseerd op een microbiologische proces waarbij bepaalde bacterién waterstof en kooldioxide in de verhouding 4:1 combineren tot methaan en water in de verhouding 1:2 en daarmee energie voor hun groei produceren volgens de formule: "4H2 + C02 => CH4 + 2 H2 + Energie". Over dit biologische proces is bijvoorbeeld in 1984 gepubliceerd door Jan T. Keltjens (Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 50 (1984) 383-396. Uit de literatuur blijkt dat de injectie van extra waterstof bovendien de reductie van sulfaat tot sulfide kan bevorderen, ook een doel van het onderhavige AHPD proces.The effect of the invention is based on a microbiological process in which certain bacteria combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the ratio 4: 1 to methane and water in the ratio 1: 2 and thereby produce energy for their growth according to the formula: "4H2 + CO2 = > CH4 + 2 H2 + Energy ". For example, Jan T. Keltjens (Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 50 (1984) 383-396) published on this biological process in 1984. The literature shows that the injection of extra hydrogen can also promote the reduction of sulphate to sulphide, which is also an objective of the present AHPD process.

Door het toevoegen van waterstof aan een AHPD systeem ontstaat een AH2PD systeem waarvan een kenmerkende uitvoering is weergegeven in figuur 4. Het voordeel hiervan is, dat de oplosbaarheid van gassen onder invloed van de druk in de AHPD reactor volgens de wet van Henry groter is dan in conventionele Power-to-gas systemen met lagere druk. In een AHPD systeem dat volgens een voordelige uitvoering functioneert bij 20 bar zal derhalve een factor 20 meer gas kunnen worden opgelost. Doordat de benodigde gasvormige substraten waterstof en kooldioxide als gevolg van de wet van Henry bij een bepaalde druk in evenredig aan die druk verhoogde concentraties aanwezig zijn zal zowel de hoeveelheid methaan, de productie snelheid ervan, als het rendement van de methaanvorming toenemen ten opzichte van conventionele systemen bij lage druk. Tegelijkertijd neemt de hoeveelheid kooldioxide die in eerste instantie met AHPD zonder waterstofinjectie was geproduceerd af, evenredig met de hoeveelheid via extra waterstof geproduceerd methaan. Hierdoor wordt de uitstoot van kooldioxide evenredig verminderd. Tevens neemt de concentratie van het oogstbare methaan toe vanwege de reductie van de hoeveelheid kooldioxide en de grotere productie van methaan. De concentratie methaan in het uiteindelijk geproduceerde groene gas kan hierdoor verhoogd worden tot waarden tot maximaal 100% methaan hetgeen de commerciéle toepasbaarheid sterk vergroot.The addition of hydrogen to an AHPD system results in an AH2PD system, a characteristic embodiment of which is shown in Figure 4. The advantage of this is that the solubility of gases under the influence of the pressure in the AHPD reactor according to Henry's law is greater than in conventional power-to-gas systems with lower pressure. In an AHPD system that functions according to an advantageous embodiment at 20 bar, therefore, a factor of 20 more gas can be dissolved. Because the required gaseous substrates of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are present at elevated concentrations in proportion to that pressure as a result of Henry's law, both the amount of methane, its production rate, and the efficiency of methane formation will increase compared to conventional low pressure systems. At the same time, the amount of carbon dioxide that was initially produced with AHPD without hydrogen injection decreases in proportion to the amount of methane produced via additional hydrogen. As a result, the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced proportionally. The concentration of the harvestable methane also increases due to the reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide and the higher production of methane. The concentration of methane in the ultimately produced green gas can hereby be increased to values up to a maximum of 100% methane, which greatly increases the commercial applicability.

Het systeem bevat een AHPD reactor volgens een voordelige uitvoering waaraan is toegevoegd een injectiepunt of een elektrode voor het doseren van waterstofgas. Het AH2PD systeem bevat tenminste een meting om de waterstofconcentratie in het systeem te meten. Het systeem bevat een meet- en regelsysteem om de verschillende processtappen op elkaar af te stemmen en te monitoren.The system contains an AHPD reactor according to an advantageous embodiment to which an injection point or an electrode for dosing hydrogen gas has been added. The AH2PD system contains at least one measurement to measure the hydrogen concentration in the system. The system contains a measurement and control system to coordinate and monitor the various process steps.

In plaats van waterstof kunnen in een voordelige uitvoering ook vrije elektronen worden toegevoegd conform het mechanisme dat wordt beschreven in het proefschrift van dr. Mieke C.A.A. van Eerten-Jansen getiteld: "Bioelectrochemical methane production from C02" met ISBN nummer 978-94-6257-006-1, verdedigd aan Wageningen Universiteit op 19 september 2014. In dat geval wordt geen extra waterstof gedoseerd maar vrije elektronen die uiteindelijk met een hoger rendement hetzelfde effect veroorzaken.In an advantageous embodiment, instead of hydrogen, free electrons can also be added in accordance with the mechanism described in the thesis of Dr. Mieke C.A.A. van Eerten-Jansen entitled: "Bioelectrochemical methane production from C02" with ISBN number 978-94-6257-006-1, defended at Wageningen University on September 19, 2014. In that case, no extra hydrogen is dosed but free electrons that ultimately end up with a higher yields have the same effect.

LiteratuurlijstLiterature list

Wetenschappelijke publicatiesScientific publications

Autogenerative high pressure digestion: Anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading in a single step reactor system. Water Science and Technology, 64 (3), 647-653.Autogenerative high pressure digestion: Anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading in a single step reactor system. Water Science and Technology, 64 (3), 647-653.

Lindeboom, R.E.F., Weijma, J., and van Lier, J.B., (2012). High-calorific biogas production by selective C02 retention at autogenerated biogas pressures up to 20 bar. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(3), 1895-1902.Lindeboom, R.E.F., Weijma, J., and van Lier, J.B., (2012). High-calorific biogas production by selective CO2 retention at autogenerated biogas pressures up to 20 bar. Environmental Science & Technology, 46 (3), 1895-1902.

Lindeboom, R.E.F., Ferrer I., Weijma, J. and van Lier J.B., (2013) Silicate minerals for C02 scavenging from biogas in Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion, Water Research, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.028.Lindeboom, REF, Ferrer I., Weijma, J. and van Lier JB, (2013) Silicate minerals for CO2 scavenging from biogas in Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion, Water Research, DOI: http: //dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.watres.2013.04.028.

Jan T. Keltjens, Coenzymes of methanogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 50 (1984) 383-396. Lindeboom R.E.F., PhD Thesis Wageningen University and Research Centre, 27-02-2014, ISBN no. 978-6173-860-8.Jan T. Keltjens, Coenzymes or methanogenesis from hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 50 (1984) 383-396. Lindeboom R.E.F., PhD Thesis Wageningen University and Research Center, 27-02-2014, ISBN no. 978-6173-860-8.

Van Eerten-Jansen, C.A.A., PhD Thesis Wageningen University and Research Centre, 10-09-2014, ISBN no. 978-94-6257-006-1.Van Eerten-Jansen, C.A.A., PhD Thesis Wageningen University and Research Center, 10-09-2014, ISBN no. 978-94-6257-006-1.

Conferentie-proceedingsConference proceedings

Anaerobic Fermentations, Goldschmidt Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA (poster).Anaerobic Fermentations, Goldschmidt Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA (poster).

Lindeboom, R.E.F., Fermoso, FG, Weijma, J, Zagt, K & Lier, JB van (2010). Autogenerative high pressure digestion: a new concept for biogas upgrading, in s.n. (Ed.), IWA world conference on anaerobic digestion (pp. 1-8). Guadelajara: IWA. Lindeboom, R.E.F., Fermoso, F.G., J. Weijma, K. Zagt and J.B. van Lier (2010). Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion: anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading in a single step reactor system. In: Proc. Of IWA Int. Water and Energy Conference, November 10-12, 2010, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Lindeboom R.E.F. , Weijma J., Zagt, K., and J.B. van Lier, 2011, 'Biogenic Natural Gas' Formation in a Pressurized Lab Scale Reactor, Goldschmidt Conference, Prague, Czech Republic.Lindeboom, R.E.F., Fermoso, FG, Weijma, J, Zagt, K & Lier, JB van (2010). Autogenerative high pressure digestion: a new concept for biogas upgrading, in s.n. (Ed.), IWA world conference on anaerobic digestion (pp. 1-8). Guadelajara: IWA. Lindeboom, R.E.F., Fermoso, F.G., J. Weijma, K. Zagt and J.B. van Lier (2010). Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion: anaerobic digestion and biogas upgrading in a single step reactor system. In: Proc. Or IWA Int. Water and Energy Conference, November 10-12, 2010, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Lindeboom R.E.F. , Weijma J., Zagt, K., and J.B. van Lier, 2011, 'Biogenic Natural Gas' Formation in a Pressurized Lab Scale Reactor, Goldschmidt Conference, Prague, Czech Republic.

Lindeboom R.E.F , Zagt, C.E., Weijma, J., and van Lier, J. B., 2011, Operational implications of Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion, IWA-Young Water Professionals conference, Leuven, Belgium.Lindeboom R.E.F, Zagt, C.E., Weijma, J., and van Lier, J. B., 2011, Operational implications of Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion, IWA-Young Water Professionals conference, Leuven, Belgium.

Lindeboom R.E.F., 2013, High pressure digestion, 65e vakantiecursus in Drinkwater en Afvalwater, TuDelft.Lindeboom R.E.F., 2013, High pressure digestion, 65th holiday course in Drinking water and Waste water, TuDelft.

Vakliteratuur en rapportagesProfessional literature and reports

Zagt, K., Barelds, J., Lindeboom, R.,Weijma, J.,Plugge, C., Van Lier, J. (2010) Energie uit rioolwater en keukenafval bij hoge druk, H20.Zagt, K., Barelds, J., Lindeboom, R., Weijma, J., Plugge, C., Van Lier, J. (2010) Energy from sewage water and kitchen waste at high pressure, H20.

Claims (1)

1. Systeem voor het op biologische wijze verhogen van de methaanconcentratie door de injectie van extra waterstof in een hoge druk vergistingproces zoals AHPD, het systeem omvattende: een hoge druk vergisting zoals bijvoorbeeld een AHPD installatie; - tenminste een injectiepunt op een voordelige plaats voor het doseren van waterstof; een meting ten behoeve van het meten van de waterstofconcentratie in het systeem; een besturingssysteem voor het aansturen van het proces.A system for biologically increasing the methane concentration through the injection of additional hydrogen in a high pressure fermentation process such as AHPD, the system comprising: a high pressure fermentation such as, for example, an AHPD installation; - at least one injection point at a favorable location for dosing hydrogen; a measurement for measuring the hydrogen concentration in the system; an operating system for controlling the process.
NL1041065A 2014-07-31 2014-11-25 System and method for dosing hydrogen gas to an Autogenerative High Pressure Digestion installation with the aim of biologically converting carbon dioxide into extra methane at high pressure. NL1041065B1 (en)

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NL1033083C1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2007-04-06 Christiaan Emanuel Zagt Control system for high pressure membrane bioreactor for producing biogas and water from effluent, uses measuring device for pressure inside reactor tank to regulate flow of gas and liquid phase through membranes
EP2451750B1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2017-06-14 Zagt Zelf B.v. System and method for purifying an aqueous organic matter, waste and/or wastewater under pressure and method for producing biogas.
WO2012110257A1 (en) * 2011-02-17 2012-08-23 Alexander Krajete System and method for storing energy in the form of methane
US11193142B2 (en) * 2011-10-24 2021-12-07 AgorFora ApS Methods and apparatus for hydrogen based biogas upgrading
US9157058B2 (en) * 2011-12-14 2015-10-13 Kiverdi, Inc. Method and apparatus for growing microbial cultures that require gaseous electron donors, electron acceptors, carbon sources, or other nutrients
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