MXPA04012818A

MXPA04012818A - Temperature-controlled incinerator dryer grates.

Info

Publication number: MXPA04012818A
Application number: MXPA04012818A
Authority: MX
Inventors: John N Basic Sr
Original assignee: Basic J N Sen
Priority date: 2002-06-24
Filing date: 2003-06-12
Publication date: 2005-03-31
Also published as: WO2004001289A8; WO2004001289A2; KR20050013147A; EP1540251A2; WO2004001289A3; CA2490433A1; BR0312044A; CN1477331A; AR040464A1; AU2003243555A1; IL165806A0; EA200500078A1; JP2005530981A

Abstract

Incinerator dryer grates with temperature control provided by two-phase steam. Very wet bulk refuse entering an incinerator sits on a grate before falling onto a hearth floor below. This drives off volatile hydrocarbons and allows drying. The grate may also provide combustion air. The drying process causes the moisture content of the refuse to fall below 50 percent where combustion may occur. Two-phase steam passes through separate channels in the grate to control its temperature. The oxygen-containing gas emanating from the grate into the combustion chamber may contain gaseous products of combustion, or flue gas, with or without air to make use of the former's heat and moisture content. When the flue gas contains chlorine, its temperature should, through the addition of cool air, fall within the range of 400 degree to 750 degree F. To avoid chlorine corrosion, blowers propelling the flue gas must either remain out of the gas stream entirely or should only contact the flue gas after cooled to this temperature range. For particulate or shredded refuse, a second grate staggered below the first achieves sufficient dwell time for the material to dry and lose its volatile hydrocarbons. A loader enters the incinerator to push the refuse onto the grate and limit the refuse' thickness so that the grate's gas can penetrate it.

Description

CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE DRYER GRIDS FOR AN INCINERATOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mr. John N. Basic, Sr., in his US Patents Nos. 4,438,705, 4,475,469, 4,516,510, 4,706,578, 5,007,353, 5,209,169, and 5,413,715 (which are incorporated herein, as well as the provisional application of series number 60). / 353,850, requested on January 31, 2002) has significantly advanced the science of incinerating waste and has demonstrated how to control the "three T's" of combustion: time, temperature, and turbulence. In the first and third of these patents, Mr. Basic has disclosed methods and equipment for incineration, which have achieved significant improvements in efficiency for different types of waste with optional heat recovery for additional economic use. These two references establish three combustion zones, take temperature measurements in significant locations, and alter the combustion conditions to achieve the desired efficiency and environmental acceptability. In addition, patents achieve their objectives while using bulk garbage, which simply means that no process is required before its introduction into the main combustion chamber. The system exhibits such flexibility that it can be adjusted to different types and heat capacities of the waste, and still achieving incineration in an acceptable manner for the environment.

The principles described in these patents have such a broad applicability that they do not even require the use of hydrocarbon waste or liquids as fuel. The discoveries find use making the combustion of fumes that contain hydrocarbons emanating from a generalized and undefined source. The patents specifically cover the use of the system for such fumes and without the main chamber of an incinerator.

Where the main chamber finds use, however, the patents also show improvements for this component of an incinerator system. These improvements include, first, a stepped home floor with the individual steps extending laterally in the direction the debris takes through the chamber, and air nozzles located on the vertical faces, or the risers, of the steps. As a separate consideration, the combustion chamber of the incinerator receives an approximately stoichiometric amount of oxygen for the burner contents of the chamber, and the floor of the chamber and the volume are respectively related to the heat content of the burning debris. Separately, the air that moves towards the combustion chamber has an upper limit to its volume to avoid that particles of the waste or the incombustas rise. Alternatively, the various dimensions of the chamber wall are specifically related to one another for improved incineration.

In the second and fourth patents listed above, Mr. Basic demonstrated how material seated on a floor is transported, most likely the home floor of the main chamber of an incinerator. The patents disclose the sinuous movement of the home or floor that currently pulses the material forward. The movement of the floor now resembles the activity of shoveling snow or other material. In addition to imparting the general progression of the material, especially the burning waste, the pulsation movement accelerates and decelerates and thus also encourages the mass of waste vigorously, increasing the combustion rate and efficiency.

The first four patents of Mr. Basic, discussed above, established an entirely new regime for the incineration of waste. The patents disclosed the essential conditions for the incineration of waste and demonstrated how to move bulk waste through the main combustion chamber to facilitate the process. Once these parameters were established, Mr. Basic then applied himself to refining and improving the system he developed. During this process, Mr. Basic increased the sophistication of his incinerator system in an order of magnitude and his ability to reliably handle various types of waste, even more than was previously contemplated. The granting of the last three patents already cited justly rewarded Mr. Basic's subsequent efforts.

In the first of these three patents, Mr. Basic describes several improvements for an incinerator. In these appears the concept of dividing the reburn tunnel into two sections of reburn, each one being able to achieve the same functions on fumes emanating from a source such as the main combustion chamber. The control provided by the two smaller burn sections dramatically increases control over the three T's of combustion.

As a separate aspect, the patent places an "exciter" in the reburn tunnel. The exciter currently reduces the cross-sectional area in the center of the tunnel where the mass flow of gas from the flue is located and forces the flue gases to pass around it. The reduced distance between the gas molecules and a wall, whether the exterior wall or the wall of the exciter, and the concomitant reradiation of heat provide dramatically improved control over the three T's. The exciter can also provide nozzles to introduce air into the tunnel for temperature and time control, also ensuring that there is sufficient oxygen for complete combustion. Other aspects of the exciter include the supply of air through the exciter supports in the reburn tunnel, and ensuring that the exterior of the exciter has a low thermal conductivity to conserve the generated heat. Additionally, the patent has shown that the placement of a damper at the outlet of the reburn tunnel provides even more control over the combustion period.

The following patent, No. 5,209,169, covers an entirely new feature located within the combustion chamber that has a hearth floor. Specifically, the combustion chamber can include a grid located adjacent to the entrance door and above the fireplace. This grid will hold wastes that have a high moisture content or a high kilocalorie content (BTU's). In the previous case, the material dries while it is on the grid. In the second case, some of the volatile hydrocarbons are burned or scared away to avoid overheating and possible exorcification of the home's floor. In any case, the waste of the fixed hydrocarbons falls through the grid to the home below, where the complete combustion is carried out. Waste can do this even when it contains more than half of its combustible hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the grid may have openings of a particular size to achieve the stated objectives. The movement of the grid can boost its contents to allow the desired burning and stimulate the dry or partially burnt waste to fall through, towards the home below.

A fluid that passes through the grid, such as air or steam, can serve to cool the grid, and a refractory can serve as additional protection for the grid. When the grid has air passing through it, the gas can then enter directly into the combustion chamber to enhance the efficiency of the combustion. So the air that passes through the grid can currently have two separate and distinct purposes. First, the air cools the internal structure of the grid to prevent the combustion inside the main chamber from destroying it. Second, air can provide oxygen to the combustion fire.

The most recent patent, No. 5,413,715, listed above, is related to a ladle for removing the ashes from a water pit after the incinerator has placed them there. The bucket travels along a track and when it reaches the bottom, its blade is rotated and closed so that it can grab the ashes. After traveling up the runway, the bucket opens, and the ashes fall into a receptacle of a certain kind, such as a transport bucket or truck.

As considered from the above, the art and science of waste incineration have progressed significantly under the creativity and tutelage of Mr. Basic. As demonstrated by the recent history of incineration, each step forward opens up new vistas for further improvements. Several of these advances appear next.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The above discussion of the patent of Mr. Basic, U.S. No. 5,209,169, indicated that a grid can settle on a hearth floor and hold wastes to dry and vaporize volatile hydrocarbons. The passage of air through the grid serves to keep its temperature below the point where it can suffer damage or even destruction. This air can also provide oxygen-containing gas to the combustion fire.

However, subsequent operations have demonstrated the difficulty of controlling the two air functions in the grid to achieve optimum efficiency and cleanliness in burning waste or any hydrocarbon stream. Thus, as discussed in Mr. Basic's patents, Nos. 4,438,705 and 4,516,510, the main combustion chamber should generally receive stoichiometric amounts of oxygen for the material that is burning there. This includes air from below, above, and from the grate. The portion specifically allowed for the grid may not cool it sufficiently to prevent its damage; alternatively, to cool the grid properly, an amount of air more than optimal may be required.

In addition, the introduction of air to cool the grid and to provide air through its nozzles can outweigh its objective, decreasing the temperature of the surroundings of the grid area to a point so low that it can be unacceptable. This can occur even when the oxygen-containing air picks up some heat when it passes through the plenums that surround the various components of the incinerator. In addition, the drying of wet debris on the grid may currently require more heat than oxygen. This can be difficult to control.

Another serious problem involving the use of combustion air to control the temperature in the grid can be caused by any interruption of the air supply. The deleterious interruption of the air supply to the grid can occur as a result of a lack of the fan that supplies the air. As another possibility, the installation may experience an electrical fault, which, again, can stop the cooling air supply to the grid. Or, the operator, during closing, can simply turn off the fan before the grid has the opportunity to cool properly.

In any event, the loss of cooling air to the grid can cause its destruction. The grid sits in the extreme heat conditions of the incinerator chamber. Typically, the grid uses steel as its structural material, and can be covered with a layer of refractory material. Steel loses 90% of its strength near 700 ° to 492 ° C. So, the unexpected loss of adequate cooling air for any reason can very likely cause severe deforming and destruction of the grid.

On the other hand and as suggested above, adequate air supply to prevent grid damage caused by heat may actually introduce excessive air to debris sitting on the grid. As indicated previously and in Mr. Basic's patents discussed above, the placement of the waste can serve two purposes. First, this allows the vaporization of moisture in the waste. Only when the moisture content in the waste drops by about 50% can the waste actually ignite. Excessive air and its concomitant cooling effect on debris can currently interfere with the removal of moisture from the material.

In addition, the placement of the waste on the grid can scare away the volatile hydrocarbons that are present. This helps to prevent volatile hydrocarbons from falling down onto the floor of the home where they can be flashed in a "blooming" of fire, creating localized overheating., and result in slagging due to excessive heat. However, supplying a large amount of air through the grid, considered possibly necessary to cool it, can allow volatile hydrocarbons to currently burn on or near the grid itself. This can cause the scorification on the grid due to the heat generated by the flourishing fire of the volatile hydrocarbons. The control of the cooling and the amount of air provided to the volatile hydrocarbons is also very difficult and not always soluble.

The separation of the temperature control from the air air grille that is introduced into the incinerator chamber through the grid augurs significant improvements in the operation and reliability of the system. This will provide more accurate control of the incineration conditions and the factors that can contribute to the destruction of the air grill.

Generally, an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons can include a substantially circumscribed chamber and a fire resistant floor medium inside the chamber to hold and burn the material thereon. An entrance opening to the chamber allows the introduction of bulk waste and an exit opening allows the discharge of gaseous combustion products from the chamber.

A grille means having through-openings and located within the chamber, adjacent to the entry opening and above the floor, holds the debris recently introduced through the entry opening above the floor for a period of time limited. This then allows the debris to fall through, to the floor, while burning. An oxygenation means is coupled to the grid means and introduces a gas containing oxygen between the chamber through the grid means.

A significant improvement of the system includes a regulating means coupled to the grid means. The regulating means controls the temperature of the grid separated from the oxygenation medium, the oxygen-containing gas, and the gaseous combustion products.

In detail, an improved incinerator system may comprise a temperature regulation means, coupled to the grid means. The temperature regulating medium passes a fluid, with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas, and a temperature within a predetermined level, through the grid medium and separated from the oxygen-containing gas. As a specific option, the liquid can take the form of a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level. Due to its known characteristics, the steam-water combination represents a good choice for the two-phase system, although others may find use in particular circumstances. The two-phase steam-water flow in particular continues its circulation without the need to use the electric current. So a lack of electricity will not destroy the ability of the steam-water combination to protect the structure of the grid.

Since the fluid passes through the grid means separate from the oxygen-containing gas, it can circulate beneficially through a closed system. This allows the treatment of the fluid to control its temperature or other purposes and its subsequent return to the grid medium.

In a particular situation, the incinerator system may include a boiler coupled to the outlet opening. The boiler captures the heat contained in the gaseous combustion products, which pass through the outlet opening, and transfers it to a separate fluid. Usually, this fluid takes the form of biphasic vapor. A significant improvement results when the temperature regulating means is coupled to the boiler and the grid means and the two-phase fluid passes between the boiler and the grid medium but keeping it separate from the oxygen-containing gas. This accomplishes two separate but correlated purposes. First, this allows the refrigerant fluid to be freed from the excess heat it may have acquired during its passage through the grid medium. Second, this allows the capture of the heat acquired by the fluid to be used elsewhere, which is economically beneficial.

Regardless of which of the specific features discussed above find use in a particular incinerator system, the temperature regulating fluid, when used, passes through the grating means separate from the oxygen-containing gas. An advanced structure to achieve the passage of fluid without mixing with the oxygen-containing gas takes the form of a "wall of membrane tubes." The wall of membrane tubes constitutes part of the grid medium and is made in the form of a conduit of relatively thin sections, or plates, of material that conduct heat substantially. The wall then has at least two separate tubules, substantially fluid-proof, made of heat conducting material and in thermal contact with the sections of thin plates, or fins, of metal. As discussed below, the fluid that controls the temperature passes through the tubules and carries out a substantial control over its temperature. This controlled temperature then passes to the other parts of the wall because the wall is constructed of a material that conducts heat substantially.

In typical construction, thin sections and tubules are welded together to form an integral whole. In addition, two of the tubules are in fluid-proof communication, and fluid communication, with each other. In fact, the wall will typically have an even amount of tubules. This allows their connections to each other in units of two tubules each. In each pair, a tubule takes the fluid that enters the middle of gratings. The fluid then passes from the first tubule to the second tubule in the pair, from which the fluid ultimately exits the grid medium.

A type of membrane tube wall that is particularly useful has the shape of a conduit. To achieve this, the membrane tube wall can be bent around between a circular cross section to form a circumscribed cylindrical tube. They go parallel to the axis of the tube. The oxygen-containing gas then passes through the interior of the tube wall and exits through the openings, eg nozzles, through the tube. The temperature control of the tube allows the use of very hot gases that contain oxygen. As discussed below, such gases may be or may include flue gases from the incinerator chamber, which will still contain some oxygen. To take advantage of the closed wall of cylinder tubes in the form of a cylinder, the grid means may take the form of a plurality of grid arms, with each of the arms comprising a closed wall of membrane tubes in the form of a conduit. As discussed above, the oxygenation medium introduces the oxygen-containing gas through a plenum formed by the wall of membrane tubes.

The characteristic that controls the temperature of the grid avoids the need to use materials that can withstand the heat generated by combustion. This also dispenses with the use of heat protection materials, which could not easily survive the combustion temperatures. Consequently, materials, such as steel, that lose their strength under such high temperatures can find use without additional protection, such as refractory layers, against the temperatures that are present. Accordingly, the grid means may comprise at least one path by which the oxygen-containing gas passes before being introduced between the chamber. The trail can then have a steel composition, and at least a part of the trail is directly exposed to the combustion that occurs within the chamber. The rest of the trail may still have a refractory layer or any other layer to protect it against abrasive damage from debris or other materials placed on it or which may make contact with it in other ways.

The flue gas in an incinerator represents a source of heat. However, the products of the burning waste often contain one or more severely corrosive components, especially chlorine at higher temperatures or hydrochloric acid at lower temperatures. Any of these may very well have a destructive effect on the metal components of the blower that is used to handle the movement of the flue gas. This would seem to limit the potential for the subsequent use of flue gas as a heat source in the incinerator and especially in the middle of grids.

However, the flue gas may have several characteristics that make it particularly desirable for use as part of, or all of, the oxygen-containing gas, which passes through the grid medium into the combustion chamber and specifically between the waste on the middle of grids. First, the flue gas has a substantial moisture content as a result of the combustion process. The water molecules impart a high specific heat to the gas. This, in turn, allows the flue gas to impart more heat quickly to debris sitting on the grid media.

In addition, the flue gas, because it has already experienced combustion use, has an oxygen content lower than that of air, for example. Consequently, the flue gas has less capacity to support combustion in the waste settled on the grid. This is particularly beneficial when the waste contains substantial amounts of volatile hydrocarbons. The low oxygen content in the flue gas limits the burning of volatile hydrocarbons. Consequently, these may not bloom in flame over the grid media, which would cause extreme localized reheating, scorification, and possibly cause some damage to the grid. However, the use of flue gas in air vents has not proven to be generally feasible.

In general, to utilize the flue gas, an improved incinerator system will have the oxygenation means for the grid medium coupled to the substantially circumscribed combustion chamber outlet opening. The oxygenation medium then introduces at least a portion of the gaseous combustion products that it would have obtained from the outlet opening back into the chamber through the grid means as all or at least a portion of the oxygen-containing gas.

The oxygenation medium can go further to assist the combustion process that occurs on the grid medium. To do this, the oxygenation medium will also set the temperature of the oxygen-containing flue gas within a predetermined level before the oxygen-containing gas enters the grating medium. When the waste contains chlorine, which often happens with polyvinylchlorides ("PVC's"), the temperature will typically have a level of about 177 ° C to 427 ° C and more desirably about 204 ° C to 399 ° C. When the temperature drops below this level, the hydrochloric acid could damage the parts of the blower that is used to move the gas from the flue. The use of acid-proof parts in the blower could allow the use of temperatures below this range. At higher temperatures of the upper end, chlorine gas, for example, may attack the blower.

A convenient way that the oxygenation medium uses to stabilize the gas temperature of the oxygen-containing flue is the combination of, with the gaseous products of combustion, a separate gas containing oxygen and having a lower temperature than that of the gases. gaseous products of combustion that were collected from the outlet opening of the chamber. Naturally, the air represents a convenient low temperature gas. The combination of an appropriate amount of air with the flue gas will bring it within the desired temperature range where it will sustain combustion without damaging the system.

On the other hand, if the wastes do not have any chlorine, the temperature limits cited above, in relation to chlorine and corrosion caused by the acid gas, do not apply especially in high temperature blowers that are used to transport the gases of Fireplace. The temperature of the flue gas must then remain below the temperature limit of the blower design, typically 1093 ° C, for high temperature parts.

However, if the waste, and thus the gaseous products of combustion, contain chlorine, the flue gas could attack the components of the blower used to move the gas from the flue to the grid system.

Typically the conduits can carry protective layers of refractory material, and the grating medium will benefit from the protective control of the temperature. To avoid damaging or even destroying the helpless components of the blower, one of two solutions is presented. These components must be kept out of contact with the flue gas containing chlorine, or contact may only be allowed after the gas has fallen within the harmless temperature range.

To achieve the first objective, the oxygenation means includes a conduit in fluid communication with the outlet opening and the grating means. A blower means, coupled to this duct, introduces air from the outside of the chamber under pressure to the duct to make a mixture of the combustion products and the air. The blower achieves this function while it is completely out of contact with the gaseous combustion products and the mixture resulting from flue gases and air. The oxygenation medium then introduces at least a portion of this mixture of the combustion products and air into the chamber through the grate means as at least a portion of the oxygen-containing gas.

In turn, in order to reduce the temperature of the gas to the desired range before the gas makes contact with the condensers, the oxygenation means includes a conduit in fluid communication with the inlet opening and the grate means. An inlet means is coupled to this conduit between the outlet opening and the grate means and provides a path for the introduction of air into the gaseous combustion products. A blower means draws air under a negative partial pressure from the inlet medium and deposits it in the gaseous combustion products to make a mixture of air and the gaseous combustion products before the products of combustion reach the blower. Since the mixture is formed before the gases reach the blower means, the blower only sees the gases within the desired temperature range. The blowing means then introduces, under pressure, the mixture of air and the gaseous combustion products through the duct and into the combustion chamber through the grid means as at least a part of the oxygen-containing gas.

The system described in Mr. Basic's patents has significantly altered the way to incinerate bulk waste. The improvements have advanced the way and the team to accomplish this task. The waste that will be incinerated does not need to undergo the previous treatment such as smashing or spraying before reaching the fire. However, the question arises as to the effect that prior smashing or only tiny particles may have on the system described in the patents. It is not uncommon for tiny particles to easily fall through the grid and not settle on it for long enough to achieve the dual objectives stated above. For such material, the drying grid is not sufficient since the shredded or particulate material does not dwell on the grid for the period of time necessary to dry and force the vaporization of the volatile hydrocarbons. However, the addition of a second grid below the first can retard the passage of the particulate matter sufficiently to achieve the two objectives of the drying and the removal of the volatile hydrocarbons.

Generally speaking, an improved incinerator system is especially useful for shredded or particulate material having a first grid means and generally defining a first top geometric surface. This is typically the only means of grids in the chambers of the incinerators discussed above. For the current development of two grid means, a second grid means, with through openings, is located inside the combustion chamber and generally defines a second upper geometric surface, which generally sits below the first upper surface and below the first half of grids.

Naturally, the improvements discussed above where the oxygenation medium passes an oxygen-containing gas through the first grid means will also be carried out where the oxygenation medium also passes the oxygen-containing gas through the second grid means. Of course, all the characteristics of the temperature control can be applied to the second half of grids as well as to the first one. Thus, the temperature control means discussed above can be coupled to the first and the second grid means and a first and a second liquid can pass, respectively, with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas, and a temperature within a range predetermined, through the first and second grid means and separated from the oxygen-containing gas. Usually, the fluids controlling the temperature for the two grid media will be the same, typically biphasic water vapor under pressure.

In detail, the first and second grid means may each have through openings and comprise, respectively, a first and a second plurality of elongated arms attached to the chamber, with the first grid means being close and extending away from the opening. of entry. The first and second plurality of elongated arms lie generally parallel to one another. The tops of the first and second arm pluralities define, respectively, first and second top surfaces with the second top surface generally seated below the first top surface. To hold the shredded and particulate material on the two grid media for a longer period of time, the arms of the first plurality lie generally parallel to, but staggered from, the horizontal location of the arms of the second plurality. Consequently, small pieces of material can quickly pass through the first grid means. But, these fall on the second half of gratings, where they undergo the additional reaction.

Not unexpectedly, the oxygenation medium can pass an oxygen-containing gas through the second grid medium as well as the first, and for the same reasons. Similarly, a temperature control means may be coupled to the two grid means. As expected, it passes a first and a second fluid, respectively (usually the same) with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas, and of a temperature within a predetned range, through the first and second media of grids and separated of the gas that contains oxygen. This serves to control the temperatures of the two grid media and to prevent damage to any of them.

To allow the incinerator to handle normal bulk material, the second plurality of arms may allow its removal from the chamber. Closing any opening that passes the gas containing oxygen or fluid to control the temperature to this second grid means converts the incinerator to the normal structure described above.

As another structural feature, the end of each of the arms of the first and second arm pluralities joins, and acts as a cantilevered beam from the chamber. This allows the expansion of the grid medium under the influence of heat in the incinerator. The connection of the end of the arms with the flanks of the wall could cause damage to both because they are heated, expanded, cooled, and contract in different proportions. In addition, cantilever arms allow metal objects, such as tire wires or even bicycles, to slide off the end without restricting the rest of the burning debris.

As discussed above, the waste, after entering the incinerator chamber, enters through the entrance opening and sits on the grate medium for a period of time. During this time, its water content must fall below 50% and its volatile hydrocarbons must enter the gas phase. Placing an excessively large pile of rubbish, specifically an excessively high pile of material, can restrict or frustrate the beneficial purposes of the grid media discussed above and in Mr. Basic's patents. To achieve a more efficient treatment of the material, a very high pile of debris must be avoided on the grid medium. Accordingly, an improved incinerator system results from the use of a charging means coupled to the chamber in proximity to the entry opening. Naturally, the loader means must first move the debris into the chamber through the inlet opening and over the grate means. As a secondary objective and to help the grille means and its air perform their functions, the loader means could also limit the height of the debris on the grid medium. The loader means can thus help to prevent an excessively thick debris layer from forming on the grid media.

The various developments discussed above may find use in other systems, in addition to waste incinerators. In detail, each feature will benefit a system that can burn any type of material. Such a system comprises a chamber with a fire resistant floor medium inside the chamber, to hold burning material on it. A grid means having through openings is located inside the chamber. The grid means holds the material above the floor medium for a limited period of time and then allows it to fall through, onto the flooring medium. As for an incinerator waste system, an oxygenation means is coupled to the grid means and introduces a gas containing oxygen between the chamber through the grid means. Each of the improvements listed above for an incinerator waste system also finds use in this type of system, which more generally burns other materials.

As indicated in Mr. Basic's patents listed above, controlling the temperature of the incineration process is an important objective in burning waste and liquids containing hydrocarbons. An incinerator system that performs such burning includes a substantially circumscribed chamber. This enclosure then has a fire resistant floor medium inside the chamber to hold and burn the material on it, an entry opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk, and an exit opening for the discharge of gaseous products of combustion from the chamber. A grid means having through openings sits inside the chamber, adjacent the inlet opening and above the floor means. The grid means holds the newly introduced debris by way of the entry opening on the flooring medium for a limited period of time and then allows debris to fall through on the flooring medium, while burning. A significant step forward in the regulation of the temperature of the system has to do with the control of the temperature of the grid medium, but doing so regardless of the temperature of the gas containing oxygen that is introduced through the grid medium and the temperature of gaseous products of combustion if these were present. This method of controlling the temperature of the grid media independently allows the separate optimization of the grid medium temperatures, the oxygen-containing gas introduced through the grid medium and, where appropriate, the gaseous combustion products.

A convenient method of controlling the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas, separately through the grid means, has to do with the passage of a fluid - with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas - and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through the middle of grids. Keeping this gas separate from the oxygen-containing gas allows the first to control the temperature of the latter without mixing with it. This, in turn, allows the use of two completely separate fluids for different purposes.

A very useful material that is passed through the grid means to control its temperature takes the form of a two-phase liquid of a temperature within a predetermined level. The water-steam combination accomplishes this task easily, especially since its temperature under various pressures has been established for a long time. Regardless of the fluid used, the fact that it is passed separately through the grid means allows its handling in another way. Specifically, the fluid can be stored in a closed system and treated elsewhere. Accordingly, after the fluid has passed through the grid means, it then passes along a closed system and is returned through the grid means. Two particular advantages of the water-steam system result from the fact that it does not need any external source of energy to ensure its circulation. So, even if some electrical fault exists, the water-steam mixture will continue circulating to provide its function of protecting the temperature. In addition, the continuous circulation of this two-phase system prevents the development of localized hot spots that could cause damage in different places of the system.

The gaseous products of combustion contain heat that can find economic use elsewhere. To obtain this heat in a useful form, the combustion gases typically pass through a heat exchanger, usually a boiler. The recovery method involves the transfer of heat in the gaseous combustion products to a two-phase fluid such as water vapor. The fluid, after receiving the heat from the combustion gases, can then find use in controlling the temperature in the grid medium. To achieve this objective, the two-phase fluid is then passed through the grid means separated from the oxygen-containing gas.

The passage of the liquid through the grid means and separated from the oxygen-containing medium is intended, of course, to allow heat transfer between the two fluids without intermixing their contents. To achieve this, the oxygen-containing gas can be introduced between the combustion chamber by means of a duct, formed in a wall of membrane tubes, made of sections of a relatively fíno material and which conducts the heat substantially. The wall of membrane tubes must constitute at least part of the grid means and must have at least two fluid-proof tubules formed of material that conducts heat substantially and in thermal contact with the sections through which the gas passes. contains oxygen. The fluid, with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas, passes through the substantially fluid-tight tubules to control the temperature of the grid medium.

The control of the temperature of the grid media also results in its protection against destruction caused by heat. This provides a wide margin in the selection of materials for the grid media and in the way to protect them or even to dispense from the need to protect such materials. In detail, the grid means may comprise at least one path having a steel composition by which the oxygen-containing gas passes before being introduced between the combustion chamber. Steel has the advantages of strength (under specific temperatures) and economy. As a result of temperature control, debris can experience combustion in the chamber. At least a portion of the steel path can be directly exposed to combustion that occurs inside the chamber without the heat causing any damage to the steel.

The methods described above have the primary purposes of incinerating bulk wastes. They can also properly incinerate shredded and particulate matter without alteration or addition. However, this may not always be the case. In some cases, the particulate matter may fall through the grid medium so rapidly that the water content or volatile hydrocarbons can not be adequately removed. When this occurs, the process can be able to properly handle the matter by first passing it through a grid medium and then through a second grid medium. So, the process will use first and second grid means, each with through openings. The first grid means has a general location within the chamber, adjacent to the entrance opening and above the floor means. The first and second grid means generally define, respectively, first and second upper geometric surfaces. The second upper surface of the second grid means generally lies below the first top surface and thus below the first grid means. The process for assisting combustion within such an incinerator system generally comprises the passage of an oxygen-containing gas through the first grid means and between the chamber. The waste is introduced through the entrance opening and placed on the first top surface, and from there they are allowed to fall through the first grid means. The debris is then placed on the second upper surface and is also dropped through the second grid means. Finally, the waste is placed on the floor medium while it is burned. The space of time during which the debris settle and pass through the two grid media should be sufficient to carry out the incineration in the controlled manner discussed above.

In detail, the first and second grid means may comprise, generally and respectively, first and second pluralities of elongated arms attached to the chamber, with the first plurality extending away from the entry opening. The second plurality of elongated arms lies generally parallel to the first plurality. The upper portions of the first and second pluralities generally define, respectively, first and second top surfaces. The second upper surface lies generally below the first upper surface, with the arms of the first plurality lying generally parallel to, but staggered from the horizontal location of the arms of the second plurality. In this type of incinerator, the process will include the passage of an oxygen-containing gas through the first grid medium and between the chamber, accompanied by the placement of newly introduced waste through the entrance opening and on the first surface higher. From there, the debris is allowed to fall through the second plurality of arms and is then placed on the floor medium while being burned.

Since the oxygen-containing gas does not have to control the temperature of the grid, the gases, with the exception of air, can find use more easily in this process. In detail, due to the reasons listed above, flue gases have significant potential to advance incineration methods. In order to take advantage of the characteristics of the flue gas, at least a portion of the gaseous products of the combustion of the inlet opening of the chamber can be introduced into the chamber through the grating means as, at least, one part of the gas that contains oxygen. Although it is a result of the burning process, the flue gas still contains an amount of oxygen, albeit lower than that of the air.

However, the use of a separate fluid to control the temperature does not necessarily mean that there is no reason to also control the temperature of the flue gases when they find use as the oxygen-containing gas. In addition, proper control of the temperature of the flue gases before introducing them into the grid means may, under appropriate circumstances, completely obviate the need to use a separate fluid to control the temperature. In any event, the use of gases with their controlled temperature first involves the introduction of at least a portion of the gaseous products of combustion into the chamber through the grid medium as at least part of the gas which contains oxygen. The temperature of the oxygen-containing gas can be established within a predetermined level before the oxygen-containing gas enters the grid medium.

The use of flue gases as part of the oxygen-containing gas that is introduced through the grid means suggests taking steps to protect the components that may be susceptible to attack by the gases themselves. This occurs particularly where the waste that undergoes the combustion, and thus also the flue gases, contain chlorine. In this case, any steel component, especially a blower, exposed to gases may suffer unacceptable damage if it is exposed to the flue gases outside the temperature range of 177 ° to 427 ° C, or more likely, 204 ° C at 399 ° C. One method to prevent such damage is to keep the blower and other steel components out of contact with the flue gases. To do this, for example, the blower can settle out of the gas stream and introduce air under sufficient pressure to create a Venturi effect, or vectored, and force air and flue gases into the grate medium. More generally, this process first involves introducing air from the outside of the chamber under pressure into the gaseous combustion products by means of using the blower means to form a mixture of air and such products. At least a portion of the air mixture and the gaseous products of the combustion is introduced between the chamber through the grid means as at least a part of the oxygen-containing gas. The blowing medium is, of course, kept out of contact with the gaseous products of combustion and mixing.

Alternatively, the blower can draw air between the flue gases and reduce its temperature to an acceptable level before the flue gases can reach the blower itself. The use of this concept involves the introduction of air from the outside of the chamber, under a negative partial pressure provided by a blower, into the gaseous products of combustion. A mixture of air and the gaseous products of combustion is formed before the products of combustion reach the blower medium. Finally, the mixture of air and the gaseous products of the combustion is introduced under positive pressure in the grid medium and in the chamber through the grate means as at least part of the oxygen-containing gas.

Naturally, even using the flue gas as part of the oxygen-containing gas and still controlling the temperature of the latter as indicated above, the temperature of the grid medium may still need or desire additional temperature control. This process involves the introduction of the gaseous products of combustion from the inlet opening of the chamber between the chamber through the grid means as at least part of the oxygen-containing gas. As with the previously arranged temperature control, a fluid, with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, is passed through the grid medium and separated from the oxygen-containing gas (from the flue) .

The oxygen-containing gas from the grid medium has the functions described with respect to the waste that sits there. Letting the oxygen-containing gas pass through the waste mass will allow it to achieve its objective. An excessively large and high mass can prevent the gas from penetrating it, and can prevent or minimize the desirable functions of the gas. A method for avoiding this first comprises the movement of the debris between the chamber through the inlet opening on the grid means. The height of the garbage on the highest part of the grid medium can then be limited to allow the gas to penetrate the mass of material.

The previous description of the various methods has focused on an incinerator that burns waste. Clearly, the methods will apply equally to any similar system that burns material other than debris. Such a system will include a chamber and a fire resistant floor medium inside the chamber to hold the material on it. Again, a grid means having through openings will have a lubrication within the chamber and the material on the flooring medium for a limited period of time. The grid media will then let the material fall through onto the flooring medium. This generalized system for burning or even drying the material can take advantage of all the methods described above and subsequently for waste incinerators.

The structures and methods described above can also serve to simply dry the waste or other material for any purpose and not only to help incinerate the material. In this case, the gas that is introduced through the grid means does not need to contain the oxygen since this can not support the combustion. Or, although combustion can occur in the dry material, the gas from the grid media may not provide any required oxygen. In addition, drying can also benefit from the use of gaseous combustion products, which are usually hot, although it does not burn in the drying chamber. In this case, the drying can use the gaseous products of combustion that occurs elsewhere for other purposes, for example for the generation of energy from fossil fuels. The exhaust gases of such a generator could very well find use for this drought purpose.

A drying chamber for this purpose will have a grid medium. A gas then passes through the grid medium and into the material being dried. The material to be dried sits on the grid medium. Under these conditions, all the structures and methods described above will find use, individually or in combination, to benefit the dryer equipment and methods. Alternatively or additionally, the same components and methods can serve, under appropriate conditions, to scavenge volatile hydrocarbons from the material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 provides a lateral elevation diagram of a water wall incinerator system with two stages of reburn.

FIGURE 2 provides a diagram of the main chamber of an incinerator with three pulsatile homes and a newly introduced waste load seated on a drying rack.

FIGURE 3 shows the same chamber of Figure 2 but with the waste load scattered on the dryer grate.

FIGURE 4 gives a diagrammatic and isometric view of a drying rack near the opening of the magazine that opens into the main chamber of the incinerator.

FIGURE 5 shows a cross-sectional view along line 5-5 of the dryer grid of FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 6 provides an isometric view of an alternate dryer grid near the magazine opening of the main chamber, which has sloping walls.

FIGURE 7 shows a cross-sectional view, along line 7-7 of FIGURE 6, of a single arm of the dryer rack.

FIGURE 8 provides an end view, along line 8-8 of FIGURE 6, of a single arm of the dryer grid.

FIGURE 9 gives a side elevation view, partly in cross section, of a single arm of a dryer grid having three continuous membrane tubes for the circulation of a heat controlling fluid.

FIGURE 10 shows a cross-sectional view, along line 10-10, of a single arm of the temperature controlled grid of Figure 9.

FIGURE 11 provides an enlarged view of a part of the arm of the membrane dryer grid of Figure 10.

FIGURE 12 shows, in cross-section, the extreme connection between two tubes in the arm of the dryer grid of Figures 9 to 12.

FIGURE 13 gives an alternate extreme connection, in cross section, between two tubes in the arm of a dryer grid.

FIGURE 14 provides a top plan view of a three-arm air grille system.

FIGURE 15 shows a side elevational view, partly in cross section, along line 15-15, of the dryer grid system of Figure 14.

FIGURE 16 gives a cross-sectional view along line 16-16 of the dryer grid system of Figure 14.

FIGURE 17 provides a partial enlarged side elevational view, along line 17-17, of a dryer grid arm of Figures 16 and 18.

FIGURE 18 has a cross-sectional view along line 18-18 of the dryer grid arm of Figure 17.

FIGURE 19 illustrates, in a top plan view, a system of dryer grids very similar to that of Figures 14 to 18 but where each arm of the grids has five pairs of tubes for the circulation of the fluid that controls the temperature instead of the three pairs of the previous figures.

FIGURE 20 provides a side elevational view-partly in cross section-along line 20-20, of the dryer grid system of Figure 19.

FIGURE 21 gives a cross-sectional view along the line 21-21 of the drying rack system of Figure 19.

FIGURE 22 shows the arm of a dryer grid, generally in cross section and trapezoidal, as an alternative to the rectangular shape of Figure 21.

FIGURE 23 illustrates the arm of a trapezoidal cross-section drying grid similar to that of Figure 22 but with less protective refractory.

FIGURE 24 also has the trapezoidal arm of a dryer grid similar to that of Figure 23 but with additional nozzles for introducing the oxygen-containing gas.

FIGURE 25 shows a system of drying grids using the trapezoidal arm of Figure 24 and a plenum for introducing the oxygen-containing gas into the grids.

FIGURE 26 gives a bottom plan view, partially in section, along line 26-26 of the dryer grid system of Figure 25.

FIGURE 27 has a cross-sectional view, along line 27-27, of the drying rack system of Figures 25 and 26, demonstrating the plenum by introducing the oxygen-containing gas between the arms themselves.

FIGURE 28 shows a cross-sectional view, along line 27-27 of the dryer rack system of Figures 25 and 26, demonstrating plenum with the arms forming a gas-proof membrane wall.

FIGURE 29 diagrams the route to introduce the flue gas, during the last stages of the incinerator, into the drying grid system.

FIGURE 30 provides a side elevational view of a recirculation system that provides flue gas caused by combustion of the incinerator directly in a drying rack system.

FIGURE 31 gives a top plan view of the flue gas recirculation system of FIGURE 30.

FIGURE 32 shows a side elevational view of the ducts which, in the vicinity of the dryer grate, provide the recirculated gas from the flue directly to the arms of the screen.

FIGURE 33 provides an overview of the conduit connection that provides the recirculated gas from the flue in Figure 32 to a dryer grid.

FIGURE 34 shows an extreme elevation view of a recirculation system for flue gas in which a blower introducing ambient air is kept out of contact with the flue gas.

FIGURE 35 gives an isometric view, partially in section, of a damper control for limiting the amount of recirculated gas from the flue to a dryer grid system.

FIGURE 36 shows a view primarily in cross section along line 36-3 of the damper controlling the gas in the flue of Figure 35.

FIGURE 37 shows, in isometric view, the damper door and the damper support of Figures 35 and 36.

FIGURE 38 gives a top plan view of the recirculation system of Figure 34 showing the flue gas flow from the incinerator system and the introduction of air between it.

FIGURE 39 demonstrates an alternate structure for the gas mixture and the blower system of Figure 38.

FIGURE 40 provides a side elevation view of the recirculation system of Figures 34 and 38 demonstrating the passage of gas from the flue to the dryer grate.

FIGURE 41 gives an extreme elevation view of the gas recirculation system of the flue of Figures 37 to 39 demonstrating the connection of the system with the arms of the dryer grate.

FIGURE 42 diagrams a system that uses two drying grids for small, shredded particulate disposal, in which a grid can be easily removed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 generally shows at 75 a modern incinerator system employing the two pulsatile homes 76 and 77 and the two heat recovery stages composed of the water wall 78 and the boiler 79. To start the process, bulk solid waste they enter the hopper 82. From there the loading ram 83 pushes the debris between the main combustion chamber indicated generally at 84. In the main combustion chamber 84, the debris falls on the first pulsatile hearth 76 where they are burned with the help, if necessary, additional heat from the burner 85. The first pulsatile hearth 76 moves the burning debris through its surface and away from the entrance to the main chamber 84 in the manner of Mr. Basic's patent, No. 4,475,469, discussed above. Finally, the burning waste falls on the second pulsating hearth 77 where the incineration continues. Blowers 86 and 87 provide air for the combustion process.

While the waste is burned they naturally discharge thermal energy. Part of this energy enters the water wall 78 to heat the fluid contained therein. The hot fluid from the water wall of membrane tubes 78 can then travel along the conduit 88 to the boiler 79. The steam removed from the upper part of the boiler 79 can find constructive use elsewhere, whether in the incinerator 75, in the generation of electricity, or for heating.

The waste, after completing its burning, falls from the second pulsating home 77 to the ash pit 89, which contains water. The bucket 90, pulled by the cable 91 attached to the engine 92, travels along the track 93. The bucket 90 then discharges the ashes into the hopper 94, and from there the ashes fall into the receptacle 95.

The gaseous products of the combustion pass from the main chamber of the incinerator 84 to the alley 102. There, they are united with the gases of the crude waste in the hopper 82, which travel along the conduit 104 under the action of the blower 103. This eliminates, and will serve to destroy, the foul aroma of the raw waste.

The alley gases 102 then enter the first burnout stage 108. There, with the controlled assistance of the auxiliary fuel burner 109, if necessary, and the air blower 110, the gases continue to burn. While this occurs, they receive controlled amounts of additional air from the blower 112.

After the second burner stage 111, the gases could, if a problem existed in the system, escape through the emergency escape chimney 117. During normal operation, however, the damper 188 keeps the chimney 117 closed, and the gases pass to the fourth stage of the system 121. There they receive the addition of cooled gases from the conduit 122. The cooling of the combustion gas stream effected thus lowers its temperature below the point where the various ingredients in the gases, as Zinc oxide, can exist in the vapor state. These components thus precipitate out during the cooling process and consequently do not condense in the tubes of the convection boiler 79 when the combustion stream enters there. As the somewhat cooled gases travel through boiler 79, they deliver additional heat for other useful purposes. As discussed in the first patent of Mr. Basic, U.S. 4,438,705 listed above, the first and second burst stages 108 and 111 intervene between the water wall 78 and the boiler 79. This allows sufficient heat to remain in the gases during the two stages of burst 108 and 111 to achieve that the fuel elements of the gas stream are burned completely.

After leaving the boiler 79, the gas stream enters the economizer 123. There, it preheats the feed water that will be used in the boiler system of the water wall 78 and the boiler 79. Consequently, the economizer saves additional thermal energy from the combustion process to feed back the water that will pass through the system. This heat saved helps with the generation of steam and electricity from the incineration system 75.

From the economizer 123, part of the gas travels through the conduit 124 under the action of the blower 125. This gas, of course, has left much of its heat content in the boiler 179 and in the economizer 123 and therefore has a temperature lower than it was before entering these last components. So, after traveling along conduit 122, this gas enters the area of the fourth stage 121 and lowers the temperature of the gas stream passing from the second reburn tunnel 111 as discussed above.

The rest of the gas stream from the economizer 123 passes along the conduit 132 to the heat exchanger 133. The blower 134 passes air from the outside through the exchanger 133 to cool the gas stream further. At this point, the gases have left a substantial portion of their heat in the boiler 79 and in the economizer 123. However, the temperature of the gas stream may still be higher than the vaporization temperature, or the dew point, of the acids contained in it. The heat exchanger 133 reduces the temperature to a point, generally low about 121 ° C. where the acids in the gas stream currently condense to the liquid state. This allows their neutralization by combining them with a base, and their elimination by means of a subsequent treatment, as discussed immediately below.

The exhaust gases then receive dry lime and activated carbon along the conduit 135 to neutralize the condensed acids and to remove contaminating agents, respectively. The gas stream, with these added materials, then enters the filter of the baghouse and the dry type acid gas scrubber 138, which separates the gas from the particulate matter. The solid matter falls between the receptacle 141 where it awaits its withdrawal.

The clean gas from the bag holder 138 travels along the conduit 142. At this point, with current waste in a working incinerator, the gas does not enter the outlet conduit 142 from the conduit 143 because the engine 144 it has closed the damper 145 to direct the combustion gases towards the bag holder 138.

The gases in the conduit 142 are pulled by the draft inducing fan 148, and they escape into the atmosphere through the main exhaust stack 149. The continuous emission monitor system 150 allows the evaluation of the discharged gases in search of several combustion products that can be contained in the gases leaving the stack 149. These can include particulate materials, carbon components, nitrogen oxides, sulfuric emissions, and others. The exact task of the monitor system 150 depends on the particular case, including such factors as the waste undergoing incineration, the location of the incinerator, and others.

During launch operations, the incinerator 75 uses a fuel such as natural gas, propane, butane, or oil in its burners 85 and 109 to heat it until it reaches its operating temperature where it can begin to receive the current waste. During this heating time, the exhaust gas stream does not contain any components that need to be removed by the bag holder 138. Under these limited conditions, the damper 145 can be fully opened, allowing the exhaust gases to bypass around the host of bags 138, but allowing them to pass through conduit 143 directly into conduit 142 and exhaust stack 149. However, when incinerator 75 has reached its operating temperature, damper 145 is closed, and the gas stream of exhaust enters the bag holder 138 as described above.

Figures 2 and 3 show the main chamber of the incinerator generally at 155 with the three homes 156 to 158. These homes currently take the form of pulsating homes, as demonstrated in the patents of Mr. Basic Nos. 4,475,469 and 4,706,578 referred to above. The chamber 155 discharges its combustion gases through the outlet opening 162.

After the waste is burned, the remaining ashes fall into the pit The inlet opening 164 allows the bulk waste 168 to enter the interior 169 of the combustion chamber 155. In the figures, the entrance door 179 is set in its ascending, or open configuration, to allow the entry of waste 168. To close, the door-170 would rotate in a counter-clockwise direction on the arc 171, shown in dashed lines to block the opening 1 4.

The waste 168 begins its journey to the chamber of the incinerator 155 when it is placed in the hopper 175. To allow this, the loader (plug-loader) would have to move to the left of the hopper 175 and provide a space within the hopper 175 for the material. With the debris in hopper 175, the loader would then move to the right under the force of an engine. Finally, the loader 176 would reach the position shown in Figure 2 with its front end 179 just inside the entry opening 164. With the loader 176 in the position shown in Figure 2, the debris 168 sits in a partially large pile. on the shelf 180 and partially on the grid 181.

With the debris 168 in the raised stack shown in Figure 1, air from the grate 181 would have difficulty in penetrating the material. In other words, the waste stack 168 would simply block the air passage of the grate 181 (except where there is no debris or when a minimum amount of debris settles). In any event, substantially no air from grate 181 would penetrate through the entire waste pile.

In Figure 3, the magazine 176 has moved further to the right and into the chamber of the incinerator 155. While moving to the right, the magazine 176 scattered debris 168 in a relatively thin layer on the grid 181. This it helps the oxygen-containing gas, introduced through nozzles in grid 181, ooze out and seep through the entire mass of debris, drying it and removing the volatile hydrocarbons. Typically, a layer of 5 cm to 15 cm and possibly 20 cm in depth will allow the gases in the grid 181 to achieve their desired objectives.

The movement of the magazine 176 within the chamber 155 has a beneficial effect in addition to spreading the waste 168 on the grate 181. Often, the bulk waste contains several substantial pieces of metal or wire. This can include tire ties, bicycles, and others. These can simply settle on grid 181 and block the passage of debris on or into the chamber. As the magazine 176 moves between the chamber, it pushes these incombustible metal debris along the grate 181. When the magazine moves sufficiently inside the chamber, until its front end 179 reaches the end of the chamber. grid 181, this causes the metal pieces to fall from the grid and onto the floor 156. Finally, the floors 156 to 158 will move the metal debris to the pit 163. As seen, the movement of the magazine 176 inside the chamber serves to clean grid 181 of accumulated debris, which is probably incombustible. Clearly, you can also do the same with very large pieces of combustible materials like logs and others, which could not fall through the openings of the grid itself.

As suggested above, the depth at which the magazine 176 moves within the chamber of the incinerator 155 is different under various circumstances. To undo the material of the grid 181, the loader can advance sufficiently until its forward end 179 reaches or almost reaches the end of the grid 181. For a large amount of material, the loader 176 can extend almost as far as seen in the Figure 3. For smaller amounts of waste, the loader can enter only a small or medium distance between the camera 155. In any case, to take into account different penetrations, the motor that moves the loader must have controls, whether manual or automatic , to allow different movements of the loader 176 depending on the circumstances.

Clearly, as the charger 176 enters the chamber 155, it experiences the heat generated by the combustion that occurs there. Accordingly, the loader 176 should typically carry some protection against the high temperatures there. This protection can take one or more forms. So, the magazine 176 must first have a refractory lining. In addition, air can circulate inside the charger itself to effect cooling. Any cooling mode that is used should desirably have the ability to protect the charger 176 in the event that it becomes jammed within the chamber 155.

Figure 4 diagrams the correlation between the air grille, the shelf, and the loader. As seen here, the magazine 176 pushes the debris onto the shelf 180, described below especially in relation to Figure 5. The shelf 180 can now take the form of a plenum having the interior 186. This interior 186 receives cooling air from the duct, forced there by the blower 190. The cooled air passes through the interior 186, around the three arms 193 to 195 of the grate 181, and out to the alley 197. The plenum 180 has an inner skin 198 of metal, typically of steel, and a refractory lining 199 to protect it against heat and chemicals that may exist in the combustion chamber, and against abrasion caused by the movement of debris.

The three arms of the grid 193 to 195, described extensively below, extend through the plenum 186 and outwardly 201 of the incinerator chamber. The ends 203 of the arms of the grid projecting from the chamber allow the passage of oxygen-containing gas and the cooling fluid between the arms themselves.

Figures 6 to 8 give a more realistic view of the chamber of an incinerator in the general area 206 of its inlet or throat opening 207 but without the magazine. Again, debris enters the opening 207 in the wall 208 and settles or, more accurately, moves along the shelf 209.

Then the debris comes to rest on the two identical arms 213 and 214 of the grid. The shelf 209 forms the sumo of the plenum 215, and the side of the plenum 216 allows the entry of the refreshing air.

The incinerator also includes the two side walls 217 and 218. Each includes the wall of membrane tubes, 219 and 220, respectively, to allow recovery and removal of heat from the incinerator chamber, as seen in the patents of the Mr. Basic listed above. Additionally, the walls 219 and 218 include the sloping side shelves 223 and 224, respectively. The shelves cause debris to slide from the side walls 217 to 218 and thus reach the arms of the grid 213 and 214.

The structure of the arm of the grid 214 appears in the cross-sectional view of Figure 7. However, due to its identical structure, the same observations also apply to the other arm of the grid 213. As seen in the figure, the arm of the grid 214 has the six metal tubules 231 to 236 seated at the corners of a hexagon. Each of the sheet metal fins 241 to 246 sits between two of the tubules 231 to 236 and, by means of welding, are intimately linked together. The result is an integral integer that takes the general form of a hollow and cylindrical membrane tube wall.

This important structure of the arm of the grid 214 (and the arm 213) serves two purposes. First, the hollow interior 249 allows passage of the oxygen-containing gas used in the processes occurring in the debris above the arm 214. The oxygen-containing gas escapes from the arm 214 through the openings, or nozzles or jets, 251 and 252, placed on metal fins 241 and 244, respectively. The gas that contains oxygen can take several forms, of which air represents the most common and convenient. The flue gas, as described above and then, augurs significant advantages such as oxygen-containing gas. First, it has a significant amount of heat that can find use to dry the waste, if necessary. Its heat can also help drive away volatile hydrocarbons. Its water content has a high specific heat, which causes it to provide more heat to the debris on the arms of the grid. In addition, its relatively low oxygen content allows the volatile hydrocarbons to leave the grid arm before they bloom on fire. This helps prevent excessive localized heat points on the arms of the grate and resulting slag.

The use of air as the gas containing oxygen brings a very low temperature gas between the combustion chamber. He could very well take advantage of the warm-up to help him achieve his purposes. On the other hand, the use of stack gases for the same purposes introduces a potentially very hot gas between the arms of the air grill 213 and 214. These excessively high temperatures can cause the steel of the grate arms to lose the majority of his strength. In fact, at temperatures around 427 ° C to 510 ° C, different alloys of steel can lose 90% of their strength. Introducing flue gas at temperatures that can reach 1093 ° C can clearly presage that the arms of the grid will lose their structural integrity. further, arms 213 and 214, of course, settle in the combustion chamber where the temperature, due to the incineration that occurs there, can very well reach temperatures of 649 ° C to 760 ° C and still as high as 1093 ° C at 1316 ° C. Clearly, these temperatures can take away all your strength from your arms. Consequently, the gases entering the inner conduit 249 can benefit from the control of its temperature. Even more important, the steel structure of the arms 213 and 214 can receive benefits from the control of their temperature.

To control the temperature of arms 213 and 214 and possibly the gas traveling along their interiors, a fluid having a recognized temperature generally passes through tubules 231 to 236. Clearly, since tubules 231 to 236 they are composed of a material that conducts heat, such as steel, the temperature of the fluid will pass to the metal of the tubules.

However, the advantage of the fluid that controls the temperature covers more than the tubules 231 to 236 themselves. Tubules 231 to 236 have a connection that conducts heat to metal fins 241 to 246. Welding or other integral connections will work well for this purpose. Accordingly, the temperature of tubules 231 to 236 will pass from the tubules to the fins 241 to 246. That is, the excess heat of the fins 241 to 246 will pass to tubules 231 to 236 from where the fluid within it. will take you to another location. Naturally, the width of the fins 241 to 246 must be such as to facilitate the passage of their heat in a timely manner to the tubules 231 to 236 with their fluids.

The biphasic vapor represents a desirable liquid to pass through tubules 231 to 236. At a recognized pressure, it may be maintained at a recognized temperature. In addition, when heated anywhere, fluid circulation is induced, thus preventing the accumulation of temperature in a site that may cause a hot spot with concomitant and localized structural deterioration or destruction of arm 213 or 214. Other potential fluids may include oil and water, most likely under forced circulation. The biphasic vapor can move through the tubules under its own impetus or under forced circulation. In addition, saturated steam at 40 bars of pressure, has a temperature near 260 ° C. Any steam system that can maintain the temperature of the grid arms below the temperature at which they can begin to suffer damage will be sufficient, clearly.

Figure 8 shows, in effect, how tubules 231 to 236 pass the fluid that is in them through and out of the incinerator chamber. (Since the two arms 213 of Figure 8 and 214 of Figure 7 have the same structure, the same numbers for tubules similarly located for both will find use here.) As considered in Figure 8, tubules 231 to 236 they connect to each other in pairs. So, the end of the tubule 233 is connected to the end of the tubule 236 through the sealed connection of the end 255. Similarly, the tubule 232 connects to the tubule 231 through the end connection 256, and the tubule 234 is connected to the tubule 233. connects to tubule 235 through end connection 257. Accordingly, fluid introduced between tubules 232 to 234 passes out of the chamber through tubules 231, 236, and 235, respectively. In other words, tubules 231 to 236 with their extreme connections 255 to 257 constitute a completely closed and sealed system for the passage of the fluid that controls the temperature. That fluid never leaves the closed tubular system and, in particular, never makes contact with the oxygen-containing gas that passes through the interior 249 of the arms 213 and 214. The fluid that controls the temperature thus enters the arms 213 and 214 , it passes through tubules 232 to 234, and enters the extreme connections 256, 255, and 257, respectively. The fluid then travels along tubules 235, 236, and 231 and exits the incinerator chamber completely. During its passage through the tubular metal system, the fluid first controls the temperature of the tubules themselves and then that of the metal fins 241 to 246. This temperature control prevents the destruction of the arms themselves caused by heat, thus preserving the grid for its purposes discussed above.

The oxygen-containing gas enters the interior of the arms 249 outside the combustion chamber. The gas then travels inside the chamber and exits the arms 213 and 214 through the nozzles 251 and 252 to enter the combustion chamber. Naturally, the gas can then enter the debris that sits on the arms of the grate to dry them and drive away their volatile hydrocarbons. (Figures 6 and 8 show the interconnected metal fins 241 and 246 in trimming to show the underlying tubules 233 and 234. During the current operation, the fins 241 to 246 extend over their entire length and are welded to the end connections 255 at 257, completely sealing the interiors 149 at the end of the arms 213. Consequently, the air inside the arm of the air grate 249 can leave the arm of the dryer grate and enter the combustion chamber only through the nozzles 251 and 252.

Figures 6 to 8 show the steel components of arms 213 and 214 completely unprotected from heat. Fluid in tubules 231 to 236 (as well as end connections 255 to 257) refrains arms 213 and 214 suitably so that the high temperatures generally found in the combustion chamber have no deleterious effect on them. In other words, the steel components of the arms 231 and 214, due to the fluid in the components of the tubules 231 to 236 and 255 to 257, are kept at a sufficiently low temperature and do not require protection against heat such as that offered. by a refractory layer.

The oxygen-containing gas, such as air, may not be present in the interiors 249 of the arms 213 and 214. This may be caused simply by a lack of electricity in the blower that pushes the oxygen-containing gas. Or, the blower itself may fail. However, the loss of oxygen containing gas in the interiors of the arms 249 will not result in the loss of the structural integrity of the steel in arms 213 and 214. The fluid in tubules 231 to 236 and 255 to 257 will still protect the arms of the grid 213 and 214 against the high heat found in the combustion chamber.

In addition, the fluid controlling the temperature avoids the need for air or another oxygen containing gas to cool the arms of the grid 213 and 214. In fact, to support the combustion, the air introduced between the interiors of the arms of the grid 249 can experience substantial heating at high temperatures before reaching the arms. Fluid in tubules 231 to 236 and 255 to 257 will protect the grid against hot air as well as against heat in the combustion chamber.

It is possible to remove all or part of the refractory layer of the steel arms of the grid 213 and 214 becomes feasible due to the effect of temperature control provided by the fluid in tubules 231 to 236 and 255 to 257. Dispensing Any amount of refractory material has several potential advantages. This results from the need to support the weight of any refractory material that is used or, alternatively, from the advantage of not having to hold the weight of the refractory material that is not used. Since the arms 213 and 214 do not use refractory material (and other structures described below carry only partial refractory linings) these structures can hold another weight that can benefit the process. This allows the use of longer grid arms with the same support structure. Or, the arms of the grid can receive and sustain greater loads of debris. Or, without the need for the same amount of refractory material, a lighter support structure may be sufficient where stronger supports were previously required.

However, a lining of refractory material can serve to protect a drying rack against other hazards. This could include abrasive damage caused by contact with debris, especially sharp, hard, or scraped materials contained in the debris. Accordingly, Figures 9 to 11 show a grid arm generally at 261 largely surrounded by a refractory lining. In detail, grid arm 261 includes the six fluid tubules 265 through 270, with tubules 265 and 266 interconnecting through end connector 275, tubules 267 and 270 connecting through end tubule 276, and the tubules 268 and 268 interconnected at their ends in the same manner. The fins 279 are welded to the tubules 265 to 270 to make a wall conduit of membrane tubes with the interior 280 as described above. The interior 280 provides a channel for the passage of the oxygen-containing gas, which enters the combustion chamber through the jets 283. The sections 286 of refractory material or ceramic material, or even metal, adhere to the fins 279 to provide resistance against abrasion. In the case of 286 metal sections, the fluid in tubules 265 to 270 also protects them against damage caused by heat.

As seen in Figures 9 to 11, the refractory sections 286 encircle arm 261 almost completely. Only the outer parts of tubules 265 through 270 are seen through the refractory material. In Figures 6 to 8, in comparison, the arms 213 and 214 have no refractory material on the metal of the interconnected tubules or fins. The following figures show other arrangements of the refractory material. In some cases, all the metal in the arm has a refractory lining. In others, only the upper parts of the arms have the lining, which serves specifically to protect them against damage from abrasion while the debris sits and moves on the arms.

Figure 12 provides an enlarged view of the extreme interconnection 275 between the two tribes 265 and 266. The union of these three components leaves an interior, smooth, and uninterrupted channel 291 so that the fluid controlling the temperature passes through it in its Travel from your entrance, through the camera, and towards your exit.

An alternative connection of the end between the two tubules 295 and 296 appears in Figure 13. In this case, the box type connector 297, fluid-proof, is connected to tubules 295 and 296. The fluid can flow freely between tubules 295 and 296 through the connector 297. The box type connector 297, however, has the two openings 299 and 300 at its end. This allows direct access to the two tubules 295 and 296 for cleaning purposes, for example. In detail, when using steam, some scale can be deposited on the tubules unless the water in the boiler has been used. In this case, the openings allow the elimination of such scale. Appropriate plugs inserted in openings 299 and 300 close them when the tubules find current use during incineration.

A complete three-arm air grille system generally appears at 311 in Figures 14 to 18. Current components for introducing the temperature controlling fluid are discussed below in connection with Figures 29 to 40. The dryer grid 311 it includes the three cantilever arms 313 to 315. These arms appear to be almost identical to the arms 213, 214, and 261 of the previous figures. However, arms 313 to 315 have the refractory sections 318, which completely enclose all of the steel in their tubules 319 and 320. Anchors, such as bolts 323, hold the refractory sections 318 in place. Refractory end caps 324 protect the ends of tubules 319 and 320.

The tubules 319 and 320, in their respective modes in and out of the incinerator chamber, pass through plenum 331 seen in Figures 14 and 15. The plenum carries the steel wrap 332 with the protective refractory lining 333. The upper part 334 of plenum 331 forms the shelf on which the waste passes as it enters the combustion chamber. As discussed with reference to Figures 4 and 5, an air supply through the plenum 331 protects it against damage caused by heat. On the outside of the combustion chamber, or to the left of the plenum 331 in Figures 14 and 15, the inlet tubules 319 are connected to the lower header 339 to receive their supply of fluid that controls the temperature. Similarly, the outlet tubules, outside the combustion chamber, are connected to the upper header 340. Thus, the fluid that controls the temperature, from any source, enters the lower header 339 through its coupling. 341. Then the fluid passes through the lower tubules 319, which travel through the plenum 331, until it reaches the ends of the arms 313 to 315. The fluid is then returned along the upper tubules 320, again through the plenum 331, and out to the upper header 340. The fluid leaves the header 340 through its coupling 342 to undergo additional treatment, after which it can then pawn the same trip again.

As discussed below, the oxygen-containing gas enters the interiors 345 of the arm conduits, formed by the wall of membrane tubes 313 to 315, seen in Figures 16 and 18. The gas then passes through the spouts 346 towards debris, if present, seated on arms 313 to 315, and then between the main chamber.

The air grille system generally at 351 of Figures 19 to 21 appears to be very similar to the system of the previous five figures. It has three arms 353 to 355, each including inlet tubes 357 and outlet tubes 358. Both sets of tubes 357 and 358 pass through plenum 361, which has the refractory lining 362. The inlet tubules are connected to lower header 365 where the fluid controlling the temperature arrives via the coupling 366. Similarly, the output tubules 358 pass through the plenum 361 and are connected to the output header 367, which is attached to its coupling 368 .

The differences between the grid system 351 of these figures and the system 311 of Figures 14 to 18 appear more clearly in Figure 21. As seen there, each of the arms 353 to 355 incorporates five input tubules 357 and the the same number of exit tubules 358, in contrast to the total number of six tubules of the previous five figures. The arrangement of the tubules in Figure 21 gives the arms a rectangular cross-sectional view, generally. However, the refractory sections 371, held in place by the anchor bolts 372, cover the tubules 357 and 358 completely. The oxygen-containing gas passes from the interior 375 through the jets 376. The highest number of tubules 357 and 358, compared to the previous systems, allows arms 353 to 355 with larger interiors 375. The interiors 375 then allow larger amounts of gas to pass through the latter and through the jets 376 into the waste and into the combustion chamber.

The air grille system generally seen at 381 appears to be virtually identical to arms 353 to 355 in Figure 21. Accordingly, the same numbers have found use in this figure for the same parts. However, as seen in Figure 22, the bottom 382 of the arm 381 is less wide than the top 383. That is, the sides 387 are inclined inward from the top 383 to the bottom 382. The advantage from this configuration it becomes clear when several of the arms 381, typically three, are aligned in the combustion chamber. There, the spaces between each pair of adjacent arms are increased as they descend from the upper portions 383 to the lower portions 382. This occurs because the bottoms of the arms 382 are narrower than the upper portions 383. Consequently, the waste, at any stage of dryness, vaporization of the hydrocarbons, or burning, which descend into the space between two adjacent arms can not get stuck there; the space between the arms below the debris is increased, allowing the debris to fall through to the floor below, as well as the pulsatile hearth 156 in Figures 2 and 3.

The arm of the grid generally at 389 in Figure 23 has a trapezoidal shape similar to that of arm 381 of the previous figure and for the same reason: to prevent debris falling from the upper arm to be stuck against the arm on your journey to the floor. As seen in the two previous figures, arm 389 includes inlet tubules 390 and exit tubules 391. As before, inlet tubules 3909 and outlet tubules 391 mate with each other to provide continuous paths for the fluid that controls the temperature. Flaps 392 interconnect tubules 390 and 391 to create the membrane tube wall conduit. In addition, the oxygen-containing gas 394 inside the arm of the membrane tube wall exits through the jets 395 to enter the combustion chamber 396.

However, the structure of the arm 389 is substantially different from those seen in the previous figures. As Figure 23 shows, the refractory material 401 covers only the upper part 402 and a small part of the sides 403 of the arm 389. As indicated below, the fluid passing through the tubules 390 and 391 provides heat protection to the metallic components of the tubules 390 and 391 and the tubules themselves, and also the fins 393. Accordingly, the refractory material 402 does not need to protect the metallic components from the heat in the incinerator chamber. Rather, the refractory material 410 imparts abrasion resistance to the upper arm 402. This protects the upper arm 402 against damage that various types of debris could cause to the grate arm 389.

In addition, as seen in the figure. The "Y" shaped anchors 406 hold the refractory material in place over the upper portion 402 of the arm 389. The use of the "Y" shaped alloy anchors 406 indicates that the refractory material 401 was cast in place over the upper part 402 of the arm 389. Furthermore, this occurred after the anchors 406 were attached to the fins 393. Typically, and as seen in the figure, the refractory material 401, when melted, extends the full width of the arm 389. However, to simplify the process, the refractory material 401 can be fused into sections along the length of the arm. This makes the construction significantly easier, taking into account the expansion and contraction of the components.

As clearly suggested by Figure 23, the refractory material 402 serves only to protect the upper part of the metal structure of the tubules 391 and 392 and the interconnected fins 393 against abrasion. The fluid that passes through tubules 391 and 392 protect it from heat. Therefore, if a piece of refractory material 402 in Figure 23 or the previous figures were to fall, it would not be a disaster. In fact, this somewhat common occurrence would probably have a minimal effect on the operation of the structure. The appropriate repairs can be carried out during the next closure of the incinerator for maintenance.

In addition, other liners may offer the same abrasion protection provided by the refractory material 402 in Figure 23 or the other refractory materials in the figures. So, a metal plate attached to the top of the metal structure may very well provide such protection. The metal, together with the structure of metal tubules, can also receive some protection from the fluid passing through the tubules. However, this is less important than the protection offered by the construction of tubules and membrane fins since it supports the structure of the arms of the grid and allows it to carry its own weight and the weight of the debris placed on it.

The grid arm 413 in Figure 24 has a structure almost identical to that of the arm 389 of the previous figure. The difference is found in the second set of jets 415 that introduces the drying air containing oxygen to the combustion chamber. These additional jets 415 passing through the refractory 416 allow the introduction of larger amounts of gas from the interior of the arm 394 into the debris seated thereon. The use of additional jets, instead of the same number of larger diameter jets, allows the entry of additional gas without losing the speed of the gas passing through its length. The arm that has these extra jets can find use particularly when the debris is very wet, such as food waste. The additional gas that passes through the jets can help dry the debris so it can ignite and burn. This, in particular, can allow the drying of very wet waste, such as food waste, which can have up to 80% moisture and can contain items such as celery and watermelon.

Figures 25 to 28 demonstrate the use of a plenum to introduce the oxygen-containing gas into the conduits of the membrane tube wall to pass into the combustion chamber. The following discussion regarding Figures 36 to 40 demonstrates the direct entry of gas into the interior of the conduits of the membrane tube wall.

The air grating system generally at 427 in Figures 25 and 26 demonstrates the use of the three arms of the grid 413 described in relation to the previous figure. The structure described there extends to the full shelf 428 through which a cooling gas passes from its inlet 428 to its outlet 430. The upper part 435 of the plenum 428 constitutes the shelf over which the waste passes as it enters the room. the combustion chamber 436, as discussed above referring to Figures 4 to 6. The space 437 to the left of the plenum is on the outside of the combustion chamber. There, the input tubules 390 are connected to the input header 439, while the output tubules 391 are connected to the output header 440. The fluid controlling the temperature passes from the input header 439, through the input tubules 390 and output tubules 391, and enter output heading 440 to be processed elsewhere.

The drying rack system 427 has the oxygen plenum 444 on the left in Figures 25 and 26. This also appears in the cross-sectional views of Figures 27 and 28. As seen in Figures 25 and 27, the gas containing oxygen enters the full oxygen 444 from inlet 447 located below tubules 390 and 391 at the left end of the grid system. Once inside plenum 444, as seen in Figure 27, gas enters under pressure into spaces 448 between tubules 390 and 391 where there are no fins 393. To prevent gas from escaping and to force it between the arms of the grid, the oxygen plenum has the upper part 449 formed by some of the fins 393 and the metal strips covered with refractory material 450. The rest of the enclosure for the plenum is formed of the fins 393 on the left sides and the right in Figure 27, the three fins 393 in the lower corners of the left and right, and the strips covered with the refractory material 451.

When the plenum 444 reaches the back plate 455 illustrated in the Figure 28, the construction has created the membrane pipes wall conduits 394, which will carry the oxygen containing gas between the combustion chamber, where the gas will expel through the jets 395 and 415. At this point, due to the blocking action of the back wall of the plenum 455 and the presence of all the fins 393, the gas under pressure containing oxygen can exit the plenum only through the conduits 394 and travel along them to the combustion chamber and the suppliers 394 and 415.

Figure 29 illustrates the obtaining of the oxygen-containing gas and its route between the dryer grid system. As seen there, debris is placed between the hopper 458 from where the magazine 459 can push them between the combustion chamber. There the debris sits on the grate 461. Eventually, the debris falls to the floor 462. The combustion that occurs inside the chamber 460 produces gases, which exit through the outlet opening of the chamber 465. The gases then enter. to the first reburn tunnel 467 and then to the second reburn tunnel 468 for additional burning. From this point the gases can exit through the emergency chimney 469 or they can proceed towards the fourth stage 470 of the system.

The conduit 475 takes the gases from the third stage 468 and supplies them to the blower 476 where they can be mixed with the air coming from the air duct 477. The appropriate controls allow the proportion of the gases used from all air, or any combustion gas , to any desired combination of the two. The blower 476 then drives the desired gas containing oxygen along the conduit 478 between the grid 461 for use in the processes of drought, volatilization, and combustion as discussed above.

Turning briefly to Figure 1, the flue gas currently used in the grid system can emanate from any of the different locations in the incinerator system 75. So, end 481 of the reburn tunnels 111 can provide gas that it can have a temperature here of at least about 760 ° C to 1149 ° C or even 1482 ° C and generally at least about 982 ° C. The second place 482 after the fourth stage 121 but before the boiler 79 can provide gas with an approximate temperature of 649 ° C to 760 ° C. Third place 483 after economizer 123 provides a gas of about 121 ° C to 149 ° C. After heat exchanger 133, gas with a temperature of about 121 ° C to 149 ° C becomes available in the fourth place 484. In fact, gas can come from almost anywhere it passes. Its temperature must be taken into consideration when mixed with air to reach the final combination.

Figures 31 to 33 show the incinerator generally at 487, which takes the gas from end 488 of the reburn tunnels 489. (This corresponds to the first 481 at the end of the reburn tunnel 111 in Figure 1.) As seen in Figures 30 and 31, a small amount of the total gas in the tunnel section 488 exits and passes into the conduit 492. In the conduit 492, the gas meets the damper 492, which is covered with material refractory to protect it against heat and the corrosive effect of the gas itself. The damper 493 changes its position from fully open to fully closed or an intermediate position to control the amount of gas flowing back into the dryer grate as discussed below.

From the damper 493, the gas enters the duct 494. There, it is found, and mixed, with air sucked through the inlet 497. However, after entering through the inlet mouth, the air must pass through. its own shock absorber 498. The air cushion 498, as well as the gas shock absorber 493, can be operated under different settings: completely closed, fully open, as well as in intermediate configurations. The air and gas from the flue, to the extent that their respective dampers 498 and 498 admit them, then pass through the rest of the duct 494 to the blower 501 operated by the engine 502. The blower 501 then puts the gas passing through it. between the duct 505 for introducing it into the incineration chamber 506 by means of the dryer grate 507, as seen below.

The two shock absorbers 493 and 498 have several objectives. First, their relative settings, or openings, determine the relative amounts of air and gas in the flue that pass through the blower 501 and which are then fed to the grate 507. For example, when the air cushion 498 is opened more than the gas damper of the flue 493, the air ratio is increased relative to the flue gas in the gas stream passing from the blower 501 and then to the dryer grid 507. Likewise, when the gas damper of the flue 493 is closes in relation to the air damper 498, this also results in the increase of the proportion of air in the subsequent gas stream.

The modification of the relative proportions of air to the flue gas in the gas stream has several effects. First, this will determine the temperature of the gas stream in line 494, blower 501, line 505, and dryer grid 507. Increasing the low temperature air fraction lowers the temperature of the passing gas stream. through these components. Clearly, this also applies to the contrary; As the gas fraction of the flue increases, the temperature increases.

The temperature control is of particular importance to the blower 501 if the debris burned in the chamber 506 has chlorine. In this case, those of the flue contain chlorine corrosive gas at temperatures of about 427 ° C to 454 ° C and can cause damage to blower 501. Low of about 177 ° C, the flue gas will have hydrochloric acid which may also attack the blower 501. To provide a certain safety margin, the gas entering the blower 501 should typically have its temperature in the range of 204 ° C to 371 ° C or 399 ° C. As seen in the figures, the blower 501 performs the important function of creating an induced draft which pulls the gas from the flue and the air through its respective inlets 492 and 497 and feeds the resulting gas mixture to the duct 505 and then to the dryer grate 507. The destruction of the blower 501 would have a deleterious effect on the operation of the dryer grate and, possibly, the entire incinerator. The combination of cold air with the hot gas from the flue before the one or the other reaches the blower 501 allows the control of the temperature so that it can fall within the above-mentioned level where the gas will not harm it.

In contrast to the other components with which the air stream makes contact, the blower 501 is not covered with refractory material. Accordingly, the protection of the blower 501 against chlorine attack involves controlling the temperature of the gas stream passing through it. As clearly seen in Figures 30 and 31, air is mixed with, and controls, the temperature of the flue gas in line 494 before either of them can reach the blower 501. So, although the blower 501 provides the negative draft that the flue gas sucks from the reburn tunnel 488, the blower remains out of contact with the flue gas until after the air has been mixed with it and its temperature has dropped within the levels cited above.

The gas stream, as discussed above, passes through the center of the membrane tube wall that forms the passages passing through the arms of the grid, as discussed in connection with the previous drawings. While it remains there, the gas stream clearly makes contact with the steel that makes up the wall of membrane tubes. However, the fluid passing through the tubules in the wall of membrane tubes controls the temperature of the gas stream and keeps it out of the sphere where the gas could damage the wall of membrane tubes.

The two dampers 493 and 498 also allow control of the total amount of the air-and-gas-fume mixture that is fed to the grate 507 without changing the relative proportions of the two gases constituting the mixture. Therefore, when opening the two shock absorbers 493 and 498 (in suitable conditions), the total amount of gas introduced into the incinerator chamber is increased through the drying grid without changing the relative proportions of the two components in the mixture. Thus, the final mixture will remain within the desired temperature without causing damage to the blower 501. However, its total volume entering the chamber 506 may be increased when necessary for larger amounts of debris on the grid or in case waste has excessive amounts of moisture and must be dried before it can withstand incineration.

In any case, the gas in conduit 505 passes through right-angle conduit 509 and enters coupling 510. Coupling 510 takes the gas stream from conduit 509 of circular cross-section and passes it horizontally to conduit 511 of rectangular cross section , as seen in Figure 33. The duct 511 then passes the gas through the opening 512 in the end plate 513 and into the interior 514 of a dryer grid arm discussed above. There, the gas will pass through the jets in the drying rack arm and will find the debris introduced between the incinerator chamber 506 by the loader 517. After the gas has dried the debris and driven away its volatile hydrocarbons, the remaining fixed hydrocarbons fall on the pulsed home 518 for additional burning.

Figures 32 and 33 likewise show that the fluid controlling the temperature enters the lower header 521 through the coupling 522. From there the fluid enters the inlet tubules 525 through the flanged couplings 526. The stepping of the ridges 526 it allows its location within the narrow space next to the gas conduit 511. After passing through the incinerator in the grate arm, the fluid controlling the temperature passes out of the incinerator chamber through the exit tubules 531 , passes through the flanged couplings 532 in Figure 32, between the upper header 533, and out through the coupling 534. The upper header arrangement 533, the outlet tubules 531, and the outlet flanges 532 generally constitute a mirror image [mirror-image] by a horizontal plane of the components corresponding to the similar input components. The foregoing description combines the passage of the oxygen-containing gas stream between the same arm of the grid as, but separated from, the flow of the temperature-controlling fluid, such as biphasic vapor.

Figures 34 to 41 show an incinerator system that also achieves the same objective of taking gas from the flue, combining it with air, and introducing it through the dryer grid between the incinerator chamber, but keeping it separate from the fluid that controls the temperature. However, this system uses several different components to achieve the same results.

In the incinerator system generally shown at 541 in the figures, debris enters the main chamber 542 through the opening 543. As before, the loader 546 (in Figure 40) moves the debris through the door 543. A As the wastes are dried, they lose their volatile hydrocarbons, and continue burning, the gaseous products of the combustion exit through the exit openings 549 towards the twin tunnels of reburn 550 where they continue to burn. The twin reburn tunnels 550, seen from the front to the rear in Figure 34, then enter the crossed reburn tunnel 551. Together most of the gases then travel past (or, if necessary, between) the emergency chimney and along the path illustrated in Figure 1.

As seen in Figures 35 to 36, part of the combustion gases may exit the cross-rebar tunnel between the side conduit 554. The gas then travels past the flange ring 555 which supports the side conduit 554 against the damper housing 556 [damper housing conduit]. From there, the gas passes from the damper conduit 556 to the socket of the damper 559 through the opening 560. However, the damper 565 in the two figures covers the opening 560 and prevents the passage of gas from the conduit 556 to the socket. of the 559 damper. However, when moving the damper 565 in a counter-clockwise direction, to the left of the arrow 566 in the figures, it moves from the opening 560. This allows the passage of the gas from the the humerus in the socket 559. The amount of gas entering the socket naturally depends on the degree of CCW rotation of the damper 560 in the socket 559. A small rotation allows a minimum amount to enter. Higher rotations admit corresponding higher gas quantities. A rotation of 90 ° places the damper 560 in the horizontal position shown by phantom lines in Figures 35 and 36.

In any case, any gas entering the socket 559 may exit through the outlet opening 570. As discussed below, the gas exiting the socket of the damper 559 will enter the combustion chamber again through the dryer grate.

The socket of the shock absorber has the main part 571 and the upper part 572. The flanges 573 hold the two parts 571 and 572 together. Removal of the upper portion of the lace 572 allows access to the interior of the lace of the cushion 559. This also allows the placement of the cushion 560 within the socket 559. The upper portion and the lower portion 571 and 572 have the steel fit 579 and the refractory material casing 580. The refractory 580 protects the 579 steel against corrosion and heat damage due to the flue gases passing through the socket 559. Similarly, conduits 554 and 556 have the refractory lining 581 for the same reason. In addition, the damper conduit 556 has the refractory seat 584 against which the damper 565 sits when closed, as seen in Figure 36.

The structure of the shock absorber 565 is shown in Figure 37. The shock absorber 565 includes the hollow steel body 587 covered by the refractory material and insulation layers 588. The steel body 587 is joined to the hollow steel tube 589, which at its véz carries its own lining of refractory material and insulation 590 (seen in Figures 35 and 36). As before, the layers 588 and 590 protect the steel components 587 and 589 against the destructive effects of the flue gases passing through the socket of the shock absorber 599 and keep the heat inside.

The ends 595 and 596 extend beyond their respective sides of the socket of the shock absorber 559. This serves two purposes. First, the ends 595 and 596 are seated in portions cut out of the wall of the socket and support the damper 565 in the socket 559. The support forms the end of the tubes 595 and 596, as indicated above, and allows the rotation of the damper 565 between its closed configuration and its various open configurations.

In addition, the hollow tube 589 allows the flow of air through the interior of the shock absorber 565 to help protect it against the heat found in the flue gases. Specifically, air under pressure can enter through inlet opening 601 at end 595 of hollow tube 589. There, this air travels until it encounters cut-out 602 in tube 589. This allows air from tube 589 to enter the hollow interior of the shock absorber 565. The air then travels along its tortuous path in the damper 565 under the direction of the deflectors 603. The air can then exit the damper through the cutout 606, travel through the hollow tube 589, and exit through the the end 596. In other words, the deflectors 603 prevent the passage of air from the inlet trim 602 directly towards the exit trim 606.

In addition, the tube 589 has the disc 607 which blocks the direct passage of air from the end of the inlet 595 towards the end of the outlet 596. Rather, it forces the passage of air through the outlet opening 602 and then through the interior of the shock absorber 565 as described above. Placing the disc 607 inside the tube 589 typically involves cutting the tube in two parts. Disc 607 is then welded into place, and then the two tube sections are welded together again to form tube 589.

To assist in its placement, the shock absorber 565 includes the counterweight 611 welded to the arm 612, which is attached to the sleeve 613. In turn, the bolts 618 maintain the sleeve 613 and thus the counterweight 611 in its logar in the tube 589.

The shock absorber 565 has a very substantial weight, due to the refractory 588 and its steel structure 587. When the shock absorber 565 is in any position, with the exception of the closed position, in Figures 35 and 36, its own weight would force it to rotate to the right (clockwise) until you get back to the closed configuration. The counterweight 611, rigidly attached to the tube 5898, serves to prevent this unwanted movement. If necessary, tube 589 could have a counterweight at each end 595 and 596 to achieve this goal. Clearly, the counterweight 611 must have clearance between the reburn section 551, the conduit sections 554 and 556, and the flange 555, to be able to rotate to the desired positions.

As the flue gas leaves the socket of damper 559 through outlet 570, it enters the section where air is mixed 617. Mixing section 617 receives air under pressure from blower 618 operated by motor 619. Specifically, the blower places air under pressure into the plenum 620 which lies on the inner surface of the mixer 617. The air in plenum 620 then passes through the jets 621 in the inner wall 622. The air in the jets 622 is then combined with the flue gas in the interior 623 of the mixer 617.

The blower 618 provides a substantial force to the air flowing through the jets 621 in the flue gas in the interior 623 of the mixer 617. This achieves two objectives. First, proper mixing of air with the flue gas is ensured. Second, the jets 621, as seen in the figure, are pointed in the direction in which the gases must flow, or towards the outlet of the mixer 626. Consequently, the air that moves vigorously through the jets 621 forms an effect venturi vector [Venturi-like vectored effect] to pull the gas from the buffer between the mixer 617 and push it out of the mixer 617 through its outlet 623. In other words, the mixing section 617, with the help of the blower 618, creates an induced shot for the flue gas from the burnt section 551. This also drives the gas out of its outlet 626 and into the connecting duct 630.

Significantly, however, the blower 618 never makes contact with the flue gases passing through the mixing section 617. As seen in Figure 38, the only gas that the blower 618 currently sees directly is air. The blower 618 places this air between the plenum 620 and from there the air travels itself through the jets 621 on the inner wall 622. The flue gas can not return through the wall to the blower 618. Accordingly , since the corrosive elements of the flue gas never make contact with the blower, they can not cause any damage to the blower 619. In the structure shown in Figures 30 and 31, the air is combined with the flue gas before the mixture reaches the 501 blower. The air that is combined with the flue gas brings the temperature of this gas to a level (preferably from 204 ° C to 399 ° C) where the COYTE components of the chlorine that were present in the gas do not could affect the components of the blower 501. In the structure presented in Figure 38, the flue gas never makes contact with the blower 618. Consequently, the corrosive components in the gas can not attack the metal components. of the blower 619.

As discussed regarding the structure of Figures 30 and 31, the system for providing the flue gas to the dryer grate must control two completely separate variables in the gas provided. First, the system must control the relative proportions of air and gas of the flue in the mixture. This may include first use of air only or, second, flue gas only. The first represents the case where the waste that will settle on the grid has virtually no moisture that must evaporate before combustion. The second case, in which only the flue gas is used, can find use where the waste contains virtually no chlorine that could cause damage to the blower. Other conditions may influence the relative proportions of air to gas in the flue. For example, certain public administrations may require that the final gas expelled into the atmosphere contain a certain percentage of oxygen. This requirement provides the assurance that the hydrocarbons in the gas have undergone complete combustion.

Secondly, the total amount of the gas mixture entering the dryer grid must also be controlled. This allows the system to adjust the amount of gas according to the amount of waste introduced into the incinerator as well as the nature of that waste.

The structure represented in Figures 34 a, 41 allows control over the two variables themselves. Opening and closing the shock absorber 565 provides the first control over the amount of flue gas that can pass to the dryer grate. The force of the blower 618 controls the amount of air introduced into the mixture and the amount of mixture introduced between the channel 630 that will pass to the dryer grate as covered below. The balance of the two variables of the opening of the shock absorber 565 and the speed and thus the force of the blower 618 will allow the selection of the amount and nature of the gas introduced in and through the drying grid.

As seen in Figure 38, the blower 18, by necessity, introduces the air to the gas stream which is directed towards the dryer grid to provide the induced draft that is needed by means of the Venturi effect in the mixing compartment 617. However, the amount of air introduced thus may not be necessary or desirable for debris sitting on the grid. For example, a very high moisture content would suggest a gas that contains oxygen with less oxygen but with a much higher heat content. In addition, a substantial volume of gas may be required to effect desirable drying in a reasonable amount of time.

The modified structure seen in Figure 39 provides more flexibility in the composition of the oxygen-containing gas that is supplied to the dryer grid. As seen there, the blower 618 receives its gas current consumption from the bypass conduit 635, which has the refractory lining 636. In comparison, the blower 618 of Figure 38 has received its consumption directly from the environment which it is simply made of air.

Returning to Figure 39, the consumption of the blower 618 provides a negative partial pressure along the bypass conduit 635 to draw gas from its two sources. The first source for the bypass conduit 635 comes from the side opening mouth of the mixing compartment 617. The side opening mouth 637 receives the gas from the flue directly from the outlet mouth of the shock absorber socket. So the side outlet 637, which is connected by the flange coupling 63 directly to the bypass outlet 636, provides the latter with the flue gas taken directly from the reburn tunnel 551.

Another gas source for bypass conduit 635 appears in opening 641 of conduit section 642, which is fed directly to branch conduit 635. Opening 641, however, provides only air to conduit 635. The amount of air reaching the bypass conduit from the opening 641 falls under the control of the air damper 643. The air damper 643 thus determines the relative amounts of flue gas and air in the bypass conduit 635 that reach the blower 618. The blower 618, in turn, forces this mixture between the plenum 622 and through the jets 621 on the interior 623 of the mixer 617. There, it is combined with flue gas obtained directly from the outlet 570 of the damper fitting 559. So, the interior of the mixer 623 combines the flue gas removed from the shock absorber socket 570 with the flue gas and air mixture (as determined by the air damper 643) from the bypass conduit 635. This, again, is compared to the mixer 617 of Figure 38, which only combines the air with the flue gas.

The structure of Figure 39 provides a wide latitude in the selection of gas that is placed between the connecting conduit 630. Upon closing the control damper 643 the air passage to the blower 618 is completely blocked and thus to the mixer 617 and subsequently to the duct 630. Accordingly, the connecting conduit will provide only the gas from the flue to the dryer grate (by the route discussed below). As indicated above, this flue gas that is introduced to the dryer grid can very well find use with very wet waste, especially those with low kilo-calories [B.T.U.]. This particular use takes advantage of the fact that the blower 618 provides the induced draft necessary to provide the flue gas from the reburn tunnel to the dryer grate.

However, two restrictions apply to the passage of the flue gas through the blower 618. First, if the flue gas (and thus the burning waste) does not have chlorine, the temperature of the gas should be kept low by about 1093 ° C. . Higher temperatures than these will cause the destruction of almost all metals that find use in the blower. Second, in the presence of chlorine, the temperature in the blower should generally not exceed more than about 399 ° C to avoid corrosive damage to the blower components. Clearly, by allowing the control damper 643 to allow air to enter the bypass conduit 635 the temperature of the will be reduced there to a point where it can not harm the blower 618. The refractory panels 636 and 649 protect the conduit 635 and the mixer 617, respectively.

On the other hand, closing the damper 565 from the reburn tunnel 551 and opening the air damper 643 allows the blower to supply pure air to the dryer grate. This situation can be beneficial when the waste has very little moisture. In conclusion, the adjustment of the two dampers 595 and 643 and the blower 618 allows the supply of the desired quantities of the oxygen-containing gas to the dryer grid where that gas has the desired air-to-gas ratio.

In Figures 34, 40, and 41, the gas mixture of the flue gas and air passes through the connecting duct 630 to the feed duct 652 along the bottom on the side of the combustion chamber 542. From the duct food 652, the oxygen-containing gas travels up through channels 653 to the arms of grid 654. From there, gas passes through the spouts of grid arms 654 to combustion chamber 542 as described previously.

The debris on the arms of grid 654 dries and loses its volatile hydrocarbons. Finally, debris falls through the arms of grid 654 over first home 657, second home 658, and successive homes.

Figure 42 demonstrates a 661 dryer grid system that is particularly useful for debris containing small pieces or particulate material, or those that have previously experienced scuffing or grinding. Such material may include rice hulls, combustion debris (RFD's) and discarded tape rolls that could not meet their specifications. One problem that arises is that such material can fall through the grids, previously described, very easily and the desired drought and volatile hydrocarbon removal objectives can not be realized. The material can then fall on the floor below, and locally reheat, for example, and cause scorching. If it is wet, the material can simply soak the fire below.

The air grating system 661 includes the upper layer 662 of grid arms 663 to 665 and the lower layer 668 of the grid arms 669 and 670. Each of the arms of the grid 663 to 665, 669, and 670 settle in, and join, the chamber of an incinerator and may have the structure of any of the grids shown and described previously. In this way the arms can pass a gas containing oxygen through their interiors downwards, and out to the combustion chamber through the jets. In addition, a fluid that controls the temperature can generally maintain the arms of the grid at a desired temperature. The use of the structure of a membrane tube wall for the arms of the grid in two layers 662 and 668 will be useful here again. The arms can carry a complete or partial refractory lining, or no lining. They can also be used cantilevered from the wall of the chamber.

In addition, grating structures different from those previously demonstrated may be sufficient for this multi-layered purpose, especially those demonstrated in Mr. Basic's patents listed previously. So, the structure of the grid may not take the form of arms, it may not have a gas containing oxygen passing through it, or it may not have a cooling fluid inside. However, the grid arms described here seem to have a special advantage for this application as well as the others listed previously.

In Figure 42, the particulate material 675 would first fall on the upper layer 675 of grid arms 663 to 665. Due to the relatively small size of the material 675, the particles may not remain there for a sufficient length of time to achieve the objectives desired dryness and volatilization. As the particles fall from the first layer 662, they fall on the second layer 668 of grid arms 669 and 670. The additional delay caused by the rest on the second layer 668 may provide the requisite amount of time to achieve the treatments indicated above.

The choice of specific structural parameters can help to ensure a sufficient residence time for the particulate matter 675 to allow the desired dryness and volatilization. Initially, the lower layer 668 of grid arms 669 and 670 should typically have a stepped configuration relative to the arms of the grid 663 to 665 of the first layer 662. That is, the lower arm of the grid 669 should lie below of space 676 between the upper arms 663 and 664. This will cause the material falling through the space 676 to rest on the lower arm 669. Similarly, the lower arm 670 lies below the space 677 between the upper arms 664 and 665.

By adjusting the width of the arms 663 to 665, 669, and 667 in relation to the size of the small pieces of matter 675 and in relation to the spaces 676 and 677 can also allow the control of the space of time until the matter falls through the two layers. A desirable design will have the width of the arms 669 and 670 of the lower layer 668 almost equal to the spaces 676 and 677 between the arms 663 to 665 of the upper layer 662. Furthermore, using flat upper surfaces on the arms of the grid 663 to 665, 669 and 670 can also retard the progress of particulate matter 675 through the grid structure to allow drought and volatilization of hydrocarbons.

The plural layers 662 and 668 of grid arms may be undesirable for normal bulk waste. To allow an incinerator equipped with the grid arm structure 661 of Figure 42 to accommodate such bulk material, removal of one of the layers may be particularly desirable. So, for example, the grid arms 669 and 670 of the lower layer 668 can simply be telescoped between channels fixed in the wall of the combustion chamber. These channels will have connections for the gas containing oxygen and for the fluid that controls the temperature. The insertion of arms 669 and 670 between these channels will allow the connections to provide gas and fluid to the arms in the usual manner.

The removal of the arms from grid 669 and 670, for example, will allow the use of the combustion chamber with the remaining three arms 663 to 665 of the upper layer, to function in the normal manner for bulk waste or waste material. large particles. In this configuration, the connections for the gas containing oxygen and the fluid that controls the temperature in the lower arms 669 and 670 must be covered to prevent their escape between the combustion chamber.

Claims

CLAIMS Accordingly, it is claimed: 1. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn material thereon, an entry opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having openings from part to part and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said medium of floor, to hold newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, and a medium oxygenator, coupled to said grid means, for introducing a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a temperature control means, coupled to said grid means, for passing a fluid - with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas - and a temperature within a predetermined range, through said grating means separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 2. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein the temperature in said chamber circumscribed around said grid means is higher than said range. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas in said grid means is higher than the temperature of said fluid in said grid medium. 4. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas in said grid means is lower than the temperature of said fluid in said grid medium. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas in said grid means is lower than the temperature of said fluid in said grid medium. 6. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced into said chamber through said grid means is air. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means comprises said gaseous combustion products in said circumscribed chamber. 8. The improvement of Reinvindication 6 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means is a combination of air and said gaseous combustion products in said circumscribed chamber. 9. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons by encompassing a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning material thereon, an opening of entry for the introduction of the bulk wastes and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to the entrance opening and above said floor means, to hold the newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing the waste to fall through on said floor means while burn, including (a) the introduction of a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through of said grid means and (b) the passage of a fluid with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 10. In a system that includes a camera, a fire resistant floor means inside said chamber, for holding burning material there, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through the said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, the improvement comprising a means for controlling the temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid medium and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 1 1. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding material there, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, comprising (a) introducing a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said grid means and (b) the passage of a fluid, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas, and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 12. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber to hold and burn burning material therein, an entry opening for the introduction of bulk solid waste, and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said entrance opening and above said medium of floor, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said flooring means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through on said flooring medium while burning, and a medium of oxygenation, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through of said grating means, the improvement wherein said grid means comprises a membrane tube wall made in the form of a conduit of sections of a relatively thin material, which conducts heat substantially, and which has at least two tubules spaced apart , substantially fluid-proof, formed of material that conducts heat substantially and in thermal contact with said sections. 13. The improvement of Claim 11 wherein sections and said tubules are integral to one another. 14. The improvement of Claim 12 wherein sections and said tubules are welded to one another. 1 . The improvement of Claim 11 wherein two of said tubules are in fluid-proof communication with one another. 16. The best of Claim 11 wherein said grid means comprises a plurality of grid arms, each of said arms comprising said membrane tube wall in the form of a conduit, and said oxygenation means introducing said gas which contains oxygen through said wall of membrane tubes. 17. The improvement of Claim 15 wherein said oxygen-containing gas comprises said gaseous combustion products. 18. The improvement of Claim 15 wherein said oxygen-containing gas comprises air. 19. The improvement of Claim 15 wherein said oxygen-containing gas comprises a combination of said gaseous combustion products and air. 20. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber, having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning material therein, a entry opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said entrance opening and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through to said floor means while they are burning, comprising (a) introducing an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through a conduit formed in a membrane tube wall of sections of relatively thin material, which conducts heat substantially, and having at least two tubules separately spaced, fluid-proof, of heat conducting material substantially and in thermal contact with said sections, said membrane tube wall comprising at least a portion of said grid means, and (b) the passage of a fluid, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas, through said tubules substantially fluid-proof. 21. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor means inside said chamber to hold the burning material therein, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. floor medium for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through the said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to produce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through said chamber. said grating means, the improvement wherein said grating means comprises a membrane tube wall made in the form of a conduit of sections of relatively thin and heat conducting material, and having at least two tubules spaced apart and tested separately from each other. fluid, formed of a material that conducts heat substantially and in thermal contact with said sections. 22. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a heat-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through to said floor means, comprising (1) the introduction of a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through a conduit formed in a wall of membrane tubes of relatively thin and heat conducting material sections substantially, and having at least two tubules, spaced apart, substantially fluid-proof. 23. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fireproof floor medium inside said chamber for holding and burning material therein, an entry opening for the introduction of the bulk solid waste, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding recently introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, and a oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said me grids, the improvement comprising a loading means, coupled to said chamber in proximity to said entrance opening, to (1) move the waste to said chamber through said entry opening on said means of gratings and (2) ) limiting the height of said debris on the top of said grid means. 24. The improvement of Claim 22 wherein said loader means takes the form of a plug loader with a drive means for moving said load ram in a direction toward said inlet opening and the inside of said circumscribed chamber. . 25. The improvement of Claim 23 wherein said driving means said magazine moves through the entry opening and between said interior of said chamber. 26. The improvement of Claim 24 wherein said drive means moves said loader through said inlet opening and into said interior of said chamber in a direction and depth within said chamber so that said loader is in a position where said magazine can substantially reach the end of said grid means. 27. The improvement of Claim 25 wherein said drive means moves said loader through said inlet opening and into said interior of said chamber to a number of positions in said chamber where, in each of said positions, said loader is located inside said chamber at a depth different from the other of said positions, and further comprising a control means, coupled to said driving means, to select the particular position for said positions to which said motive means moves said loader. 28. The improvement of Claim 24 further comprising a heat and corrosion resistant material on the outside of said magazine. 29. The improvement of Claim 26 further comprising a cooling means, coupled to said charger, to reduce the temperature of said charger. 30. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber, having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said opening of said chamber. inlet and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through to said floor means while that burn, comprising (1) the movement of debris between said chamber through said opening of entry on said grid means and (2) limiting the height of said debris on the top of said grid means. 31. In a system comprising a chamber with an inlet opening, a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the burning material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber adjacent to said chamber. said inlet opening for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said means of gratings, for introducing a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a charging means, coupled to said chamber in proximity with said entrance opening, for (1) moving combustible material between said chamber through said chamber. said entrance opening on said grid means and (2) limiting the height of said burning material on the top of said grid means. 32. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant flooring medium within said chamber, for holding material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, comprising (1) the placement of the combustible material on said grid means and (2) the limitation of the height of said material on the top of said grid means. 33. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber that has a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn material there, an entry opening for the introduction of solid waste to bulk, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding recently introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through to said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation medium, coupled to said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) is also coupled to said salt opening and (b) introduces at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products into said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas. 34. The improvement of Claim 32 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a means providing for controlling the relative amounts of air and said gas. of the chimney in said oxygen-containing gas. 35. The method of Claim 33 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of said oxygen-containing gas introduced through said grid means. 36. The improvement of Claim 32 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a volume medium for controlling the total amount of said oxygen-containing gas introduced through said means of grids. 37. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber with a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding and burning material therein, a entrance opening for the production of solid waste in bulk and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through to said floor means while burned, comprising the introduction, into said chamber through said grid means, as per at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas, of at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products from said outlet opening. 38. In a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a floor of fire-resistant medium inside said chamber, to hold the burning material there, a means of grids having through openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means for introducing an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) also engages said outlet opening and (b) introduces at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas. 39. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor means inside said chamber, for holding material there, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, comprising introducing into said chamber through said grid means, such as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas, at least a portion of said products gaseous combustion from said chamber. 40. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning material therein, an entry opening for the introduction of bulk solid waste and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said means of floor, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through the floor medium while burning, and an oxygenation medium. , coupled to said grid means, for introducing a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said medium d and gratings, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) is coupled to said outlet opening, (b) introduces at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grating means as minus one part of said oxygen-containing gas, and (c) establishes the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas within a predetermined level before said oxygen-containing gas between said grid means. 41. The improvement of Claim 39 wherein said temperature level is about 204 ° C to 399 ° C. 42. The improvement of Claim 40 wherein said oxygenation means establishes said temperature of said oxygen-containing gas by the combination of said gaseous combustion products with a separate gas containing oxygen having a lower temperature than said products. gaseous combustion. 43. The improvement of Claim 41 wherein said separate gas containing oxygen is air. 44. The improvement of Claim 39 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a providing means for controlling the relative amounts of air and said gas. of the chimney in said oxygen-containing gas. 45. The method of Claim 43 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of said oxygen-containing gas introduced through said grid means. 46. The improvement of Claim 39 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a volume medium for controlling the total amount of said gas that it contains oxygen introduced through said grid medium. 47. A method for assisting combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fireproof floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through. to said floor means while burning, comprising (a) introducing at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas , and (b) setting the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas within a predetermined level before the oxygen-containing gas enters said grid medium. 48. In a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a means of gratings having through openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through the floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said means of gratings, to produce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) is coupled to said outlet opening, (b) introduces at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas, and (c) establishes the temperature of said gas. This gas contains oxygen within a predetermined level before said oxygen-containing gas enters said grid medium. 49. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the material there, a grid means having through holes and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through to said floor means, which comprises (a) the introduction of at least a portion of said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas, and (b) establishing the temperature of said gas. said gas containing oxygen within a predetermined level before said oxygen-containing gas enters said grid medium. 50. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fireproof floor medium inside said chamber for holding and burning the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of bulk solid waste, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said entrance opening and above of said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said floor means while burning , and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, for introducing a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through and said means of gratings, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) includes a conduit in fluid communication with said outlet opening and said means of gratings and half blower, coupled to said conduit for introducing air under pressure from the outside of said chamber between said duct to make a mixture of said combustion products and said air, said blower means being kept out of contact with said gaseous combustion products and said mixture, and (b) introducing at least a portion of said mixture of said combustion products and said air between said chamber through said means of combustion. gratings as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas. 51. The improvement of Claim 49 wherein said oxygenation further includes a means for controlling the relative amounts of air and said flue gas in said mixture. 52. The method of Claim 50 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of said mixture introduced through said grid means. 53. The improvement of Claim 49 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume medium for controlling the total amount of mixture introduced through said grid media. 54. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of the bulk solid waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said opening inlet and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said means of floor while burning, which comprises (a) the introduction of air under pressure from the exterior of said chamber a between said gaseous combustion products by means of the use of the blowing means to form a mixture of said products and the air, (b) the introduction of at least a portion of said air mixture and said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas; and (c) maintaining said blower means out of contact with said gaseous combustion products and said mixture. 55. In a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a means of grids having through openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means for introducing an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means (a) includes a conduit in fluid communication with said outlet opening and said grid means and half blower, coupled to said duct to introduce air under pressure from the outside of said chamber between said duct to make a mixture of said products of combustion and said air, said blower means remaining out of contact with said gaseous combustion products and said mixture, and (b) introducing at least a portion of said mixture of said combustion products and said air between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas. 56. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, to hold the material there, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through said means of floor, comprising (a) the introduction of air under pressure from the outside of said chamber between said gaseous combustion products by means of the use of the blowing means to form a mixture of said products and the air, (b) the introduction of at least a portion of said air mixture and said gaseous combustion products between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas, and (c) maintaining said blower means outside of said contact with said gaseous combustion products and said mixture. 57. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fireproof floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the burning material therein, an exit opening for the introduction of bulk solid waste, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening above said floor medium for a limited period of time and then allow said debris to fall through said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means includes (a) a conduit in fluid communication with there is an outlet opening and said grid means, (2) an inlet means, coupled to said duct between said outlet opening and said grid means, to provide a path for the introduction of air between said gaseous combustion products, and (3) a blower means, coupled to said duct between said inlet means and said grid means for (a) drawing air under a negative partial pressure from said inlet medium between said gaseous combustion products to form a mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products before said combustion products reach said blower means and (b) introducing, under pressure, said mixture of said air and said gaseous products of combustion between said means of grids by means of said duct and between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas. 58. The improvement of Claim 56 wherein said oxygenation further includes a means for controlling the relative amounts of air and said flue gas in said mixture. 59. The method of Claim 57 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of said mixture introduced through said grid means. 60. The improvement of Claim 56 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of mixture introduced through said grid means. 61. Improvement of Claim 56 wherein (a) said conduit is first conduit, said mixture is a first admixture, and said oxygenation means includes a second conduit in fluid communication with said outlet means, said first conduit, and said means of grids and (b) said blower means is coupled to said second duct to make a second mixture of said first mixture and said combustion products, said blower means being kept out of contact with said gaseous combustion products and said second mixture, and (b) at least a portion of said second mixture of said first mixture and said combustion products is introduced between said chamber through said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas. 62. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of the bulk solid waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said opening inlet and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said means of floor while burning, comprising (a) introducing air from the exterior of said chamber between said gaseous combustion products, under a low partial pressure, provided by a blower means, (b) the formation of a mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products before said combustion products reach said blower means, and (c) ) the introduction, under positive pressure, of said mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products between said grid means and between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas. 63. In a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a means of grids having through openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, for introducing an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygenation means includes (a) a conduit in fluid communication with said outlet opening and said grid means , (2) an inlet means, coupled to said duct between said outlet opening and said grid means, to provide a path for the introduction of air into the air. and said gaseous combustion products, and (3) a blower means, coupled to said duct between said inlet means and said grid means, to (a) draw air, under a negative partial pressure, from said inlet means between said gaseous combustion products to form a mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products, and (b) the introduction, under pressure, of said air and said gaseous combustion products between said grid medium through said duct and between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said gas which contains oxygen. 64. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber with an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the matrial there, a grid means having through holes and located within said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said material to fall through to said floor means, which comprises (a) the introduction of air from the outside of said chamber under a negative partial pressure, provided by a blowing means, between said gaseous combustion products, (b) the formation of a mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products before that said combustion products reach the blowing medium, and (c) the introduction of said air and said gaseous combustion products, under positive pressure. This means between said grid means and between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas. 65. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of the bulk solid waste, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said rejila means, for introducing an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through and said grid means, the improvement comprising a temperature control means, coupled to said grid means, for passing a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas which contains oxygen. 66. The improvement of Claim 64 wherein said biphasic fluid is a combination of water and steam. 67. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an inlet opening for the introduction of the solid waste in bulk, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said chamber. said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said said floor medium while burning, comprising (a) the introduction of a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said grid means and (b) the passage of a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 68. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor means inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said medium of floor for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through said chamber. grid means, the improvement comprising a temperature control means, coupled to said grid means, for passing a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas containing oxygen. 69. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the material there, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through the floor means, comprising (a) introducing an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through said floor means of gratings and (b) the passage of a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said half gratings and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 70. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said entrance opening and above said medium floor, to hold newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said flooring medium for a limited period of time and then let said waste fall through to said flooring means while burning, and a medium of oxygenation, coupled to said grid means, to produce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through said m edio of grids, the improvement comprising a means to control the temperature, coupled to the said grid means, to pass a fluid, with the exception of said gas containing oxygen, which has a generally known temperature through a closed system circulating through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 71. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an entry opening for the introduction of said bulk waste, and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said chamber. inlet opening and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said means of floor while burning, comprising the passage of a fluid with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas or and having a generally known temperature through said grid means and separated from said gas containing oxygen and, after said fluid has passed through said grid means, said fluid again passing through a closed system by means of said grid means. 72. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant flooring medium within said chamber, for holding the burning material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through the floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas through said medium. gratings, the improvement comprising a means to control the temperature, coupled to said grid means, to pass a fluid with the exception of the gas containing oxygen and having a generally known temperature through a closed system circulating through said medium of grids and separated from the gas containing oxygen. 73. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium, for holding the material there, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material by over said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through the floor medium, comprising the passage of a fluid with the exception of the oxygen-containing gas and having a generally known temperature through of said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas and, after said fluid has passed through said grid means, said fluid passing through a closed system again through said grid means. 74. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber that has a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of the bulk wastes, and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, for introducing an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through dich or grid means, the improvement wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced into said chamber through said grid means comprises said gaseous products of combustion from said chamber and comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said grid means , to pass a fluid with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 75. The improvement of Claim 73 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a portion of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a providing means for controlling the relative amounts of air and said gas of the chimney in said oxygen-containing gas. 76. The method of Claim 74 wherein said oxygenation means further includes a volume means for controlling the total amount of said oxygen-containing gas introduced through said grid means. 77. The improvement of Claim 73 wherein said oxygenation means also introduces air between said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas and further includes a medium » of volume to control the total amount of said oxygen-containing gas introduced through said grid medium. 78. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and hydrocarbon-containing liquids comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of bulk wastes and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said opening of said chamber; inlet and above said floor means, to hold the newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to flow through said means of floor while burning, comprising (a) the introduction of said gaseous products of combustion dsde dich to exit opening said chamber between said chamber through said grid means as at least part of said oxygen-containing gas and (b) the passage of a fluid, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 79. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor middling within said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material above said medium of floor for a limited period of time and then allow said mateiral to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said means of gratings, the improvement wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means comprises gaseous combustion products from said chamber and comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said grid means, for passing a fluid with the exception of said oxygen containing gas and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said edio of grids and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 80. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the material there, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through to said floor means, comprising (a) introducing said gaseous products of combustion from said chamber between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said oxygen-containing gas and (b) the passage of a fluid, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, to through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 81. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of Bulk waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said medium of floor, to hold the newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through to said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, for introducing an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means comprises at least one path by which said The oxygen-containing gas passes before being introduced between said chamber, said path having a steel composition, and at least a portion of said path is directly exposed to combustion occurring within said chamber. 82. The improvement of Claim 80 wherein said portion of said path directly exposed to combustion occurring within said chamber is at least one half of said path. 83. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an inlet opening for introducing the bulk waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said chamber. opening of entry and above said floor means, to hold the newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through to said means of floor while burning, said grid means comprising at least one path having a composition n steel whereby said oxygen containing gas passes before being introduced between said chamber and directly exposing a portion of said steel path to the combustion occurring within said chamber. 84. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant flooring medium within said chamber, for holding the burning material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means comprises at least one path by which said oxygen-containing gas before being introduced between said chamber, said path having a steel composition, and at least one portion of said path is directly exposed to the combustion that occurs inside said chamber. 85. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the material there, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said flooring means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said flooring means, said means of shoring comprising at least one path having a steel composition for the wherein said oxygen-containing gas passes before being introduced between said chamber, which comprises the combustion of said material in said chamber and directly exposing a portion of said steel path to the combustion occurring within said chamber. 86. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber that has a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of bulk wastes and an exit opening for the discharge of gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said means of floor for a limited period of time and then allow said debris to fall through the said floor means while burning, an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to produce an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, and a boiler means, coupled to said outlet opening, to transfer the heat in said gaseous products of combustion passing through said outlet opening to a two-phase fluid, the improvement comprising a medium to control the temperature, coupled to said boiler means and said grid means, to pass said two-phase fluid between said boiler means and said r and separated from said gas containing oxygen. 87. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an entry opening for the introduction of said bulk solid waste and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent to said chamber. said inlet opening and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through said floor medium while burning, which comprises (a) the transfer of heat in the gaseous products of ombustión passing through said outlet opening to a biphasic fluid and (b) the passage of said biphasic fluid through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 88. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for supporting the burning material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas into said chamber; through said grid means, and a boiler means, coupled to said chamber, to transfer the heat of the gaseous products of the combustion from said chamber to a two-phase fluid, the improvement comprising a means to control the temperature, coupled to the said boiler means and said grid means, for passing said two-phase fluid between said boiler means and said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 89. A method for controlling the temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber, for holding the material there, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material above said flooring means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said flooring means, comprising (a) the transfer of heat in said gaseous products from the combustion to a fluid biphasic and (b) the passage of said biphasic fluid through said grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 90. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber that has a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of Bulk solid waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous combustion products from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, for holding newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, and an oxygenation medium, coupled to said grid means, to produce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and generally defines a first upper surface and comprises a second grid means having through-openings, located inside said chamber, and generally defining a second one. upper surface, said second upper surface generally lying below said first top surface and below said first grid means. 91. The improvement of Claim 89 wherein said second grid means is detachable from said chamber. 92. The improvement of Claim 90 wherein said oxygenation means passes an oxygen-containing gas through said second grid means. 93. The improvement of Claim 91 further comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said first and second grid means, for passing first and second fluids, respectively, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said first and second grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 94. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire-resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an entry opening for the introduction of solid waste in bulk, and first and second grate means, each having through openings, said first means of grating located within said chamber, adjacent to said entry opening and above said floor means, each of said first and second grid means generally defining, respectively, first and second top surfaces with said second top surface lying generally below said first top surface and below said first grid means, comprising the passage of an oxygen-containing gas through said first grid means and into said chamber, placing the newly introduced waste through said inlet opening on said first top surface, allowing said debris to fall through. of the first grid means, then placing said debris on said second upper surface, then allowing said debris to fall through said second grid means, and then placing said debris on said floor medium while burning. 95. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant flooring medium within said chamber, for holding the burning material therein, a grating means having through-openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and generally defines a first upper surface and comprising a second grid means having through openings, located inside said chamber, and generally defining a second one. upper surface, said second upper surface lying generally below said first top surface and below said first er half of grids. 96. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, and an entry opening for the introduction of said material , and first and second grid means, each having through openings, with said first grid means located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said floor means, each of said first and second grid means generally defining, respectively, first and second top surfaces, with said second top surface lying generally below said first top surface and below said first grid means, comprising the passage of an oxygen-containing gas through of said first grid means and inside said chamber, placing the newly introduced material through is said entry opening on said first top surface, allowing said material to fall through said first grid means, then placing said material on said second top surface, then allowing said material to fall through said second grid means , and then placing said material on said floor medium while burning. 97. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of the bulk solid waste and an exit opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said entrance opening and above said medium floor, to hold the newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allow said waste to fall through to said floor means while burning, and a oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce a gas containing oxygen between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and comprises a first plurality of elongated arms attached to said chamber close to, and extending away from, said first inlet opening, the top of said first plurality of arms defining generally a first upper surface and comprising a second means of grids having through openings, located inside said chamber, said second means of grids comprising a second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, the top of said second plurality of arms generally defining a second top surface, said second top surface lying generally below said first top surface, with said arms of said first plurality lying generally in parallel, but staggered from the location horizontal of said arms of said s second plurality. 98. The improvement of Claim 96 wherein said second plurality of arms is detachable from said chamber. 99. The improvement of Claim 96 wherein one end of each of the arms of said first and second plurality of arms is attached to, and cantilevered from, said chamber. 100. The improvement of Claim 96 wherein said oxygenation means passes an oxygen-containing gas through said second grid means. 101. The improvement of Claim 99 further comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said first and second grid means, for passing first and second fluids, respectively, with the exception of said oxygen-containing gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said first and second grid means and separated from said oxygen-containing gas. 102. A method for aiding combustion within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein. , an entry opening for the introduction of bulk waste, first and second grid means, each with through openings, with the first grid means located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said floor means, each said first and second grid means generally comprising, respectively, first and second pluralities of elongated arms attached to said chamber with said first plurality extending away from said entry opening, said second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, the cimes of said p rimera and second pluralities of arms generally defining, respectively, first and second top surfaces, said second top surface lying generally below said first top surface, with said arms of said first plurality lying generally parallel to, but staggered from the horizontal location of said arms of said second plurality, comprising the passage of an oxygen containing gas through said first grid means and into said chamber, placing the newly introduced waste through said inlet opening on said first upper surface, allowing said waste to fall through said first plurality of arms, and then placing said waste on said second upper surface, and then allowing said waste to fall through said second plurality of arms, and then placing said debris on said floor means while burning. 103. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant flooring medium inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and comprises a first plurality of elongated arms attached to said chamber near and extending away from said entrance opening, the cimes of said first plurality of arms generally defining a first upper surface and comprising a second half of grids having through openings, located inside said chamber, said second grid means comprising a second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, the cimes of said second plurality of arms generally defining a second upper surface, said second upper surface lying generally below said first upper surface, with said arms of said first plurality lying generally parallel to but staggered from the horizontal location of said arms of said second plurality. 104. A method for aiding combustion within a system comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, and an entry opening for the introduction of said material. , and first and second grid means, each having through openings, with said first grid means located inside said chamber, adjacent to said entrance opening and above said floor means, each of said first and second grid means generally comprising, respectively, first and second pluralities of elongate arms attached to said chamber with said first plurality extending away from said entrance opening, said second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, cimes of said first and second pluralities of arms defining generally, respectively First, and second upper surfaces, said second upper surface lying generally below said first upper surface, said arms of said first plurality lying generally parallel to but staggered from the horizontal location of said arms of said second plurality, comprising the passage of a gas containing oxygen through said first grid means and into said chamber, placing the newly introduced material through said inlet opening on said first upper surface, allowing said material to fall through said first plurality of arms, then placing said material on said second top surface, after allowing said material to fall through said second plurality of arms, and then placing said material on said floor medium while burning. 105. In an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, with a substantially circumscribed chamber that has a fire resistant floor medium inside said chamber to hold and burn the material there, an entry opening for the introduction of Bulk waste and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said medium of floor, to hold the newly introduced waste through said entry opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said floor means while burning, a means of oxygenation, coupled to said grid means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through a dich or means of gratings, the improvement comrpende a regulation means, coupled to said grid means and separated from said oxygenation means, said gas containing oxygen, and said gaseous products of combustion, to control the temperature of said means of grids. 106. The improvement of Claim 104 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means is air. 107. The improvement of Claim 104 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means comprises said gaseous products of combustion in said circumscribed chamber. 108. The improvement of Claim 106 wherein said oxygen-containing gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means is a combination of air and said gaseous producís of combustion in said circumscribed chamber. 109. A method for controlling the temperature within an incinerator system for bulk wastes and liquids containing hydrocarbons, comprising a substantially circumscribed chamber having a fire resistant floor medium within said chamber for holding and burning the material therein, an inlet opening for the introduction of the solid waste in bulk and an outlet opening for the discharge of the gaseous products of the combustion from said chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber, adjacent said inlet opening and above said floor means, to hold newly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said waste to fall through said means of floor while burning, comprising the temperature control of said means of independent grids nter of the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas and said gaseous products of combustion. 110. In a system comprising a chamber, a fire-resistant floor medium inside said chamber, for holding the burning material there, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said chamber. said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through said floor means, and an oxygenation means, coupled to said floor means, to introduce an oxygen-containing gas between said chamber through of said grid means, the improvement comprising a regulation means, coupled to said grid means and separated from said oxygenation means, said oxygen-containing gas, and the gaseous products of combustion in said chamber, to control the temperature of said grid means. 111. A method for controlling temperature within a system comprising a chamber, a fire resistant floor means inside said chamber, for holding the material there, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material above said floor means for a limited period of time and then allowing said material to fall through the said floor means, which comprises controlling the temperature of said grid means regardless of the temperature of said oxygen-containing gas and the gaseous products of combustion in said chamber. 112. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said grid means, for passing a fluid with the exception of gas, and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas. 113. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising (a) introducing a gas between said chamber through of said grid means and (b) the passage of a fluid with the exception of said gas and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas. 1 14. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas within said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means comprises a wall of membrane tubes in the form of a duct, made of sections of a relatively thin material which conducts heat and which has at least two tubules substantially fluid-proof, separated, formed of a material that conducts heat substantially and in thermal contact with said sections. 115. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising (a) introducing said gas between said chamber through of a conduit formed in a wall of membrane tubes of sections of a relatively thin material, which conducts heat substantially, and having at least two separate, substantially fluid-tight tubules made of a material that conducts heat substantially and in thermal contact with said sections, said membrane tube wall comprising at least a portion of said grid means, and (b) the passage of a fluid with the exception of said gas through said substantially fluid-tight tubules . 116. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber with an inlet opening, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of grids, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a charging means, coupled to said chamber in proximity to said entrance opening, for (1) moving said material between said chamber through said chamber. said entrance opening on said grid means and (2) limiting the height of said material above the cime of said grid means. 117. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said matreial, comprising (1) placing said material on said grid means and (2) limiting the height of said material above the cime of said grid means. 118. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grid means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said grid means, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said medium of gratings, the improvement wherein said gas means introduces the gaseous products of combustion between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said gas. 119. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through-openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising the introduction of the gaseous products of combustion between said chamber and said chamber. through said grid means. 120. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said gas means introduces the gaseous products of the combustion between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said gas and establishes the temperature of said gas within a predetermined level before said gas enters the grid medium. r ( 121. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material comprising (a) the introduction of said gaseous products of combustion between said chamber and said chamber. through 5 said grid means and (b) setting the temperature of said gaseous products of combustion within a predetermined level before said gaseous products of combustion enter the grate means. 122. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said mateiral, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said gas means (a) includes a conduit in fluid communication with a source of the products of combustion and said grid means and a blower means, coupled to said duct for introducing, under pressure, air from said casing exterior between said duct to make a mixture of said combustion products and said air, said blower means that does not make contact with said gaseous products of combustion and said mixture, and (b) introducing at least a portion of said mixture of said products of combustion and air between said chamber through said grid means as at least a part of said gas. . 123. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising (a) introducing, under pressure, air of the outside of said chamber between the gaseous products of the combustion by means of the use of the blower means to form a mixture of said products and air; (b) introducing at least a portion of said air mixture and said gaseous products of combustion between said chamber through said grid; and (c) keeping said blower means out of contact with said gaseous combustion products and said mixture. 124. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said gas means includes (a) a conduit in fluid communication with a source of the gaseous products of combustion and said grid means; (2) an inlet means, coupled to said duct between said source of the gaseous combustion products and said grid means, to provide a path for the introduction of air between said gaseous products of combustion; and (3) a blower means, coupled to said duct between said inlet means and said grid means, to (a) attract, under a negative partial pressure, air from said inlet medium between said gaseous products of combustion to form a mixture of said air and said gaseous products of combustion, and (b) introducing, under pressure, said mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products between said grid medium through said duct and between said chamber through said chamber. of said grid means as at least a part of said gas. 125. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material comprising (a) the introduction, under a negative partial pressure provided by a blower means , of air from the outside of said chamber between the gaseous products of combustion; (b) the formation of a mixture of said air and said gaseous combustion products before said combustion products reach said blower means; and (c) introducing, under positive pressure, said mixture of said air and said gaseous products of combustion between said grid means and between said chamber through said grid means. 126. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings, and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said grid means, for passing a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said medium of grids and separated from said gas. 127. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material comprising (a) introducing a gas between said chamber through said chamber. said grid means and (b) the passage of a two-phase fluid of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas. 128. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said grating means, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the best comprising a means to control the temperature, coupled to said grid means, to pass a fluid with the exception of said gas and having a known temperature generally through a system closed by circulating through said grid means and separated from said gas. 129. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising the passage of a gas through said means of gratings and between said chamber, passing a fluid with the exception of said gas and having a known temperature generally through said means of grids and separated from said gas and, after said fluid has passed through said means of grids, returning said fluid through a closed system through said grid means. 130. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said gas introduced between said chamber through said grid means comprises the gaseous products of the combustion and comprises a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said means of gratings, to pass a fluid with the exception of said gas and a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas. 131. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material comprising (a) the introduction of the gaseous products of the combustion between said chamber through said grid and (b) the passage of said fluid, with the exception of said gas and of a temperature within a predetermined level, through said grid means and separated from said gas. 132. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means comprises at least one path through which said gas passes before being introduced between said chamber, said path having a steel composition, and at least a portion of said path is directly exposed to said chamber interior. 133. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, said grating means comprising at least one path having a composition steel by which a gas passes and is then introduced between said chamber, which comprises directly exposing a portion of said steel path to the combustion occurring within said chamber. 134. In a system for drying the mateiral, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber for holding said material, and a means of gs, coupled to said grid means, for introducing a gas between said chamber through said grid means, and a boiler means, coupled to said chamber, for transferring the heat of said chamber to a two-phase fluid, the improvement comprising a means for controlling the temperature, coupled to said boiler means and said grid means, to pass said two-phase fluid between said boiler means and said grid means and separated from said gas. 135. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grating means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising (a) the passage of gas through said medium. grids and between said chamber, (b) the transfer of heat in the gaseous products of the combustion to a two-phase fluid, and (c) the passage of said biphasic fluid through said grid means and separated from said gas. 136. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to support said mateiral, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and generally defines a first upper surface and comprising a second grid means having through openings, located inside said chamber , and generally defining a second top surface, said second top surface lying generally below said first top surface and below said first grid means. 137. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and first and second grid means, one can having through openings, each of said first and second grid means generally defining, respectively, first and second top surfaces with said second upper surface lying generally below said first upper surface and below said first grid means, comprising the passage of a gas through said first grid means and into said chamber, locating the material on said first top surface, allowing said material to fall through said first grid means, then placing said material on said second top surface, then allowing said material to fall through said second grid means, and then placing said material over a floor half below said second grid means. 138. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to hold said material, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement wherein said grid means is a first grid means and comprises a first plurality of elongated arms attached to said chamber, the cimes of said first plurality of arms generally defining a first upper surface and comprising a second means of grids having through openings, located inside said chamber, said second means of grids comprising a second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, the cime of said second plurality of arms generally defining a second upper surface, said second upper surface lying genealm below said first top surface, said arms of said first plurality lying generally parallel to, but staggered from the horizontal location of said arms of said second plurality. 139. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and first and second grid means located within said chamber, each having through openings, with said first grid means located within said chamber, each of said first and second grid means generally comprising, respectively, first and second pluralities of elongated arms attached to said chamber with the first plurality extending away from said entry openingsaid second plurality of elongated arms lying generally parallel to said first plurality of arms, the cimes of said first and second pluralities of arms generally defining, respectively, first and second upper surfaces, said second upper surface lying generally below said first upper surface, with said arms of said first plurality lying generally parallel to, but staggered from, the horizontal location of said arms of said second plurality, comprising the passage of a gas through said first grid means and between said chamber , allowing said material to fall through said first plurality of arms, then placing said material on said second upper surface, then allowing said material to fall through said second plurality of arms, and then placing said material on the flooring means below said second means of r shells. 140. In a system for drying the material, comprising a chamber, a grating means having through openings and located inside said chamber to support said mateiral, and a gas means, coupled to said means of gratings, to introduce a gas between said chamber through said grid means, the improvement comprising a regulating means, coupled to said grid means and separated from said gas means, said gas, and gases in said chamber, to control the temperature of said medium of grids. 141. A method for drying the material in a system comprising a chamber and a grid means having through openings and located within said chamber for holding said material, comprising the passage of a gas through said grid means and between said chamber and controlling the temperature of said grid means regardless of the temperature of said gas and the interior of said chamber.