MXPA99005584A - Additives dimensional stabilizers and cell openers for flexible and rigid foams of polyuret - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to: A method for preparing a flexible or rigid polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and an opener characterized in that the cellular opener comprises the reaction product of an organic acid anhydride containing a hydrocarbyl group of Cl-C20 and a substituted phenol or alkoxylated primary alcohol, optionally reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst

Description

ADDITIVES DIMENSIONAL STABILIZERS AND CELL OPENERS FOR FLEXIBLE AND RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to flexible and rigid polyurethane foams using dimensional stabilizers / cell openers. The flexible molded polyurethane foam requires mechanical compression to open the foam cells and prevent shrinkage and improve the dimensional stability of the foam pad. The current mechanical methods to open the cell consist mainly of compression, vacuum rupture or pressure release in time. After demolding, the compression and mechanical breakage of the polyurethane foams allow the polyurethane foam to be more dimensional stable. Another method to break the cells is vacuum compression which involves extracting a vacuum in the finished polyurethane foam causing cell breakdown. The total effect of these methods is shrinkage of the reduced foam. Other mechanical attempts have been made to achieve dimensionally stable foam, such as decreased cycle production times. For example, removing the polyurethane foam in three minutes compared to four minutes will dramatically improve dimensional stability. However, this can lead to deformation, tearing or distortion of polyurethane foam due to subcuration. Another method for producing dimensionally stable foam is time pressure release (LPT). The LPT comprises opening the mold during the curing process to release the internal pressure and then reclosing for the duration of the curing time. The prompt release of internally generated pressure bursts the cell windows, resulting in an open cell foam. The effect of the LPT can be varied by performing the LPT at different stages in the curing process, and by varying the length of time in which the mold is opened before closing again. This pressure release is performed only once during the curing time of each polyurethane foam. This process can cause bursting corners, surface defects and dimensional distortions and, if the defect is severe enough, this will result in polyurethane foam in pieces. It is considered that these discrepancies are minor compared to the effect of the LPT and its ability to open the foam. Additionally, after demolding the foam it must also be subjected to mechanical or vacuum compression since the LPT does not completely provide the energy necessary to fully open the cells in the foam. Mechanical methods usually result in incomplete or inconsistent cell opening and require a flexible molded foam producer to research a machinery additional . A chemical method for opening the cell may be preferred. The rigid polyurethane foam has an open cell structure by its nature, but some applications require an open cell structure. Cell openers can lead to dimensional stability improvements in several rigid applications or can provide the open cell structure required for vacuum panels filled with rigid foam. It may be desirable to have a chemical additive that can open the cells of a foam since mechanical compression is not an option for rigid foams. U.S. Patent 4,929,646 describes preparing flexible polyurethane foams using certain high molecular weight, high functionality poly (oxyethylene) compounds such as openers and cell softeners. United States Patent no. 4 751 253 discloses a cell-opening additive, stabilizing dimensionally to form flexible polyurethane foams in which the additive comprises an ester reaction product of a large chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and / or contains free acid to provide the value of desired acidity. U.S. Patent No. 4,701,474 discloses the use of acid-grafted polyether polyols, such as poly (alkylene oxides) grafted with acrylic acid, as controllers of reactivity in the production of polyurethane foam. U.S. Patent 4,785,027 describes preparing polyurethane foams in the presence of polyether mono or diacids, with the acid functional groups at the ends of the polymer chain. It is said that such polyether acids retard the initial reaction rate without increasing the stiffness of the foam. U.S. Patent 5,489,618 discloses a polyurethane foam prepared in the presence of a salt of a tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid having hydroxyl functionality as a catalyst. It is said that the flexible foams produced are more dimensionally stable and have a decreased tendency to shrink. U.S. Patent 5,179,131 discloses that the addition of mono or dicarboxylic acids to polyurethane foam formulations made using Polyisocyanate Polyaddition Polyol Polymer Polymer Dispersions (PIPA) results in a reduction of foam shrinkage. The functional groups attached to the acid are either alkyl or alkylene. U.S. Patent 4,211,849 describes a process for making open cell, crosslinked foams using as the crosslinker a crystalline polyhydroxy material having at least three hydroxy groups. European Patent 471 260a describes the use of acids organic or its alkali salts for the production of open cell polyurethane foam. It is established that the incorporation of these materials gives foam with forces markedly lower than compression values. WO 9506673 discloses alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl and alkenyl succinic acid as catalysts for the production of polyurethane and / or polyurea foam. The invention provides a method for preparing flexible and rigid polyurethane foams using certain organic monoesters. The method comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a catalyst composition, a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer, and as a dimensionally stabilizing agent, cell opener a composition which is the reaction product monoester of an organic acid anhydride and a substituted phenol or primary alcohol which is preferably alkoxylated. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of a polyurethane and tertiary amine catalyst the resulting product is the tertiary ammonium salt of the mono ester which can function both as a catalyst and a dimensional stabilizer / cell opener. The use of these monoester reaction products in the formation of polyurethane foams provides the following advantages: • Polyurethane foams (flexible molded, flexible binder and rigid) show reduced shrinkage which provides improved dimensional stability. • A significant reduction in the force required to compress flexible foam unmolded in fresh without adversely affecting the physical properties of the foam. • The cellular structure of the polyurethane exhibits a more uniform and consistent gradient within the medium or "volume" of the polyurethane part. • The cell structure is not degraded and is visually more evenly distributed on or near the casting surface and throughout the polyurethane article. • Foams often exhibit similar strength values to compress as obtained with the LPT process without any physical deformation of the associated foam pads normally associated with LPT. For purposes of this invention and as understood by many in the art, flexible molded foams include microcellular foams such as those used in shoe soles and ruffles.

The monoether cell stabilizers / openers used in the preparation of flexible molded foams, flexible and rigid binder are the reaction product of an organic acid anhydride and a hydroxyl compound which is a substituted phenol or a primary alcohol, preferably an alkoxylated primary alcohol in which the polyalkylene oxide portion may comprise ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or a mixture thereof, but preferably it is polyethylene oxide (E0) x. The number of polymerized alkylene oxide units may be in the range of 0 to 20, preferably 2 to 5. The mono ester reaction product is used in the polyurethane foam composition at levels of 0.05 to 0.5, preferably about 0.2, parts by weight per one hundred parts of polyol (pphpp). The mono ester reaction product can be expressed by the formula I X-Y-Z 1 where X represents hydrogen or preferably a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Y represents a residue of organic acid anhydride terminally carried in the group X and having a free carboxylic acid or a carboxylate group; and Z represents a primary alcohol or phenol residue linked through its oxygen atom to Y via an ester functionality. The group X is preferably a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain having a molecular weight of from about 15 to about 281 and especially from about 113 to about 225. In this way, the group X preferably contains at least 8 carbons and up to about 16 carbons and can be linear or branched. Examples of such groups are nonyl, decyl, decenyl, dodecyl, dodecenyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl and large alkyl chains such as those obtained for example by the polymerization or copolymerization of mono olefins containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example , ethylene, propylene, buten-1, buten-2 or isobutylene. Preferred X groups are those derived from the polymerization of isobutylene or propylene. These polymers can be manufactured by standard methods and are commonly referred to as alkenyl polymer. Such polymers have a terminal double bond which can be reacted with maleic anhydride, for example, to form substituted succinic alkenyl anhydride derivatives by reaction in the presence of a standard condensation catalyst, for example a halogen such as bromide, to form a compound of formula II The substituted alkenyl succinic anhydrides of the formula II are commercially available and can be used in the form in which they are provided without further purification. Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is commonly referred to as PIBSA and tetrapropenylsuccinic anhydride is commonly referred to as dodecenylsuccinic anhydride (DDSA). When the group Y is a residue of aromatic anhydride, it is preferably derived from phthalic anhydride, and especially phthalic anhydride wherein the group X is attached at the 4-position relative to the anhydride group. It is preferred, however, that the group Y be a succinic anhydride residue derivable from the succinic anhydride group. When Y is such a group, it is preferably a divalent group of the formulas -C (O) -CH-CH2-C (O) OH or HOC (O) -CH-CH2-C (O) - linking the group X to the group Z. The group Z is preferably the residue of a C5-C20 primary alcohol which may be polyalkoxylated or a substituted linear or branched hydrocarbyl phenol of C1-C20.

Organic acid anhydrides suitable for making the mono-esters include, for example, maleic anhydride, italic anhydride, succinic anhydride and any of those mentioned above substituted with a linear or branched hydrocarbyl group of C 1 -C 20, preferably C 8 -C 16 such as a alkyl or alkenyl group. For example, the hydrocarbyl group of the succinic anhydride can be polyisobutenyl 0 dodecenyl (also called tetrapropenyl). The preferred organic anhydride is dodecenyl (C12) succinic anhydride (DDSA). Hydroxyl compounds useful for reacting with the anhydrides include phenols substituted with linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl groups, preferably C6-C16 alkyls, and C5-C20 primary alcohols, preferably C9-C15 primary alcohols, alkoxylated with 0 -20 moles, preferably 2 to 5 moles, and more preferably 1 to 3 moles, of an alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide. Illustrative of the suitable hydroxyl compounds are p-dodecylphenol, t-butylphenol, and the alcohol Neodol 23-3, an ethoxylated linear primary alcohol in which the alcohol comprises a mixture of linear primary alcohols of C12 and C13 which are ethoxylated with 3 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) and available from Shell Chemical co. In a preferred embodiment the reaction of the anhydride and the alcohol is catalyzed by a polyurethane catalyst of tertiary amine. Suitable catalysts are those tertiary amines well known in the polyurethane art and include, for example, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, triethylamine, triethylenediamine (TEDA), bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether and dimethylcyclohexylamine among others. The excess tertiary amine is used to produce, as the reaction product, the tertiary ammonium salt of the mono ester. In such a case, the reaction product acts as both a cell stabilizer / opener and a urethane catalyst therein can replace some of the urethane catalysts typically used in the polyurethane formulation. The anhydride and alcohol can be reacted in a molar ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1, preferably a molar ratio of 1: 1. When a tertiary amine is used in the reaction, it is used in more than the stoichiometric amount, preferably at about 3 moles per mole of anhydride or alcohol, such that the resulting reaction product will conveniently contain an appropriate amount of the polyurethane catalyst. , blown or gelled. The stabilizer / opener can be prepared by adding the desired tertiary amine to a reaction vessel followed by the alcohol. Agitation of this mixture is required. Finally, the desired anhydride is added. It must be continued stirring until the reaction is complete, which is about 40-60 minutes as determined by infrared analysis indicating disappearance of anhydrous carbonyl and conversion to a carbonyl ester. An approximate molar ratio of 3: 1: 1, tertiary amine: hydroxyl compound: anhydride should be used for optimum performance, although other molar proportions are also worked. When the components are added in this order, the tertiary amine catalyzes the reaction between the alcohol and the anhydride. This reaction will proceed without the need to heat, although the reaction is exothermic, to produce the stabilizer / opener. The reaction product can be used as is or can be isolated the mono ester for use by common purification techniques. The preferred embodiment can be produced by reacting dodecenylsuccinic anhydride DDSA (K-12, Heico Chemical), with a hydroxyl composition comprising 3-molar ethoxylated linear C12-C13 alcohols (Neodol 23-3, Shell Chemical) in the presence of bis ( dimethylaminoethyl) ether as the catalyst: Ester acid wherein R represents C12-C13 alkyl groups. The reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature and is exothermic. The use of the reaction product in the preparation of the polyurethane foam provides dimensional stability and improved cell aperture. The cell stabilizers / openers according to the invention are used in the manufacture of polyether foams and flexible polyester and rigid polyurethane foams in the manner known in the art. In producing the polyurethane foams using these cell openers, one or more polyether or polyester polyols are employed to react with a polyisocyanate to provide the urethane linkage. Such Polyols have an average of typically 2.0 to 3.5 hydroxyl groups per molecule. Illustrative of suitable polyols are polyalkylene ether and polyester polyols as a component of the polyurethane composition. Polyalkylene ether polyols include poly (alkylene oxide) polymers such as poly (ethylene oxide) and poly (propylene oxide) polymers and copolymers with terminal hydroxyl groups derived from polyhydric compounds, including diols and triols, for example, between others, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, glycerol, diglycerol, trimethylolpropane and similar low molecular weight polyols. invention, a single high molecular weight polyol polyether can also be used, and mixtures of high molecular weight polyols such as mixtures of di and trifunctional materials and / or materials of different chemical composition or different molecular weight can also be used. Useful include those produced by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with an excess of diol, for example, adipic acid n ethylene glycol or butanediol, or reacting a lactone with an excess of a diol such as caprolactone with propylene glycol. In addition to polyether and polyester glycols, Master batch or premix compositions often contain a polyol polymer. The polyols of polyols are used in flexible polyurethane foam to increase the foam resistance to deformation, that is, to increase the foam carrying properties of the foam. Currently, two different types of polymer polyols are used to achieve the improvement for carrying cargo. The first type, described as a graft polyol, consists of a triol in which the vinyl monomers are copolymerized by grafting. Styrene and acrylonitrile are the usual monomers of choice. The second type, a polyurea modified with polyurea, is a polio containing a polyurea dispersion formed by the reaction of a diamine and DIT. Since excess DIT is used, some DIT can react with both the polyol and the polyurea. This second type of polyol polymer has a variant called PIPA polyol which is formed by the in situ polymerization of DIT and alkanolamine in the polyol. Depending on the requirements to carry cargo, the polymer polyols can comprise 20-80% of the polyol portion of the masterbatch. The polyurethane products are prepared using any of the suitable organic polyisocyanates well known in the art including, for example, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, (DIT) and 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate ( DIM). 2,4 and 2,6-DIT are particularly suitable individually or together as their commercially available blends. Other suitable isocyanates are mixtures of diisocyanates known commercially as "DIM without purification", also known as PAPI, which contain approximately 60% DIM together with other isomeric or analogous higher polyisocyanates. Also suitable are the "prepolymers" of these polyisocyanates comprising a partially prereacted mixture of a polyisocyanate and a polyether or polyester polyol. Suitable urethane catalysts useful in the manufacture of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams are all those well known to those skilled in the art and include tertiary amines similar to those used to catalyze the acid / alcohol anhydride reaction, such as triethylene diamine, N- methyl-imidazole, 1,2-dimethyl imidazole, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, triethylamine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine and bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether and organotins such as stannous octoate, stannous acetate, stannous oleate, stannous laurate, dibutyl tin dilaurate , and other such tin salts. Other typical agents found in polyurethane foam formulations include chain extenders such as ethylene glycol and butanediol; crosslinkers such as diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine and tripropanolamine; blowing agents such as water, bioxide of liquid carbon, CFC, HCFC, HFC, pentane and the like; especially water or water and HCFCs and cellular stabilizers such as silicones. A general polyurethane flexible molded foam formulation having a density of 1-3 lb / ft3 (16-48 kg / m3) (eg, car seat) containing a cellular stabilizer / opener according to the invention may comprise the following components in parts by weight (pep): Formulation of flexible foam Polyol 20 - 100 Polyol polymer 80 - 0 Silicone surfactant 1 - - 2. , 5 Cell stabilizer / opener 0. 05 - 3 Water 1 - 8 Auxiliary blowing agent 0 - - 4,. 5 Crosslinker 0. 5 - - 2 Catalyst composition 0. fifteen isocyanate index 70-115 In the present invention the preferred blowing agent for making the flexible molded flexible foams is water in 1 to 8 parts per hundred polyol (ppcp), especially 3 to 6 ppcp, optionally with other blowing agents. A formulation of rigid polyurethane foam General containing the cellular stabilizer / opener according to the invention may comprise the following components in parts by weight (pep). Formulation of rigid foam pep Polyether polyol 100 Cellular stabilizer silicone 0-3 Stabilizer / cellular opener 0.05-3 Water 1-8 Auxiliary blowing agent 0-20 Catalyst composition 0.5-5 isocyanate index 85-250 (preferably DIT) Of course other additives can be used to impart specific properties to flexible and rigid foams. Material examples are such as flame retardants, colorants, fillers and hardness modifiers. Polyurethane foams of this invention can be formed in accordance with any of the processing techniques known in the art, such as, in particular, the "one shot" technique. According to this method, foamed products are provided by carrying out the reaction of the polyisocyanate and polyol simultaneously with the foaming operation. Sometimes it is convenient to add the cell stabilizer / opener to the reaction mixture as a premix with one or more of the blowing agent, polyol, water and catalyst components. The following examples are evaluated for polyurethane foam compositions and foams as follows: A mold of 30.5 cm x 30.5 cm x 10.2 cm is opened at 71 ° C and spread with a solvent based release agent (AL) . Toluene diisocyanate (DIT) is added to a polyol mixture comprising the polyols, silicone surfactant, diethanolamine, water and amine catalysts and mixed for 5 seconds then emptied into an open mold. The beating time is recorded and the emptying is continued up to 14 seconds after starting the mixing. It closes and holds the mold. Extrusion and gelation times are recorded using the angular apertures. At the chosen demoulding time, the mold pad is removed and placed in the compressing force apparatus (FPC). Forty-five seconds after the demolding time, the first compression cycle begins. The force detection device is equipped with a 1000-pound (453.5 kg) pressure transducer mounted between the 50-square-inch circular plate (323 cm2) and the drive shaft. The actual pressure is displayed on a digital screen. The cushion is compressed to 50 percent by weight of its thickness original and the force required to achieve the most superior compression / cycle is recorded. Several compression cycles are completed after which the foam is weighed to calculate the density. A cycle takes approximately 30 seconds to complete. This device mimics the ASTM-D-3574 Indentation Strength Deflection Test, and provides a numerical hardness or initial softness value of fresh unmoulded foams. The FPC values are reported in the examples in lb / 50 square inches (at lower FPC values the foam is more open). This test requires that the foam be acceptably cured to demold. The following materials and materials are used in the following examples and tables: Dabco 33LV® - 33% TEDA in Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. DPG (APCI) Dabco® BL-ll / BL-17 - APCI Dabco® tertiary amine blend BL-19 - APCI Dabco® APCI Bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether - APCI silicone copolymer surfactant Dabco® Dc-5164 - APCI silicone copolymer surfactant Dabco DC-5043 - APCI DEOA silicone copolymer surfactant -LF diethanolamine liquid form (85 DEOA \ l5 water) Water DI. Deionized water K-12- dodecenylsuccinic anhydride from Heico Chemical Neodol 23-3 - C12-C13 (E0) 3 Shell linear alcohol Chemical Polycata® X-FJ1020- mixture of tertiary amines APCI Polycat 77 APCI tertiary amine Polyol 1-triol based on EO-PO: = H # = ~ 34; molecular weight -6000 Polyol 2-polyol based on polymer polyol 1: OH # = ~ 23 Polyol 3- triol based on EO-PO: = H # = ~ 36; mol weight ~ 4800 Polyol-4 polyol based on polyol polymer 3: OH # = ~ 25 Examples A-C These examples show the preparation of cellular stabilizers / openers according to the invention. The tertiary amine urethane catalyst is added to a flask at room temperature followed by the alcohol and stirring is started. While stirring is continued, the anhydride is added during which time the temperature is allowed to increase. Stirring is continued until the reaction is completed according to infrared analysis, as indicated by the disappearance of carbonyl anhydride and conversion to carbonyl ester in about 40-60 min. HE prepare the cellular openers A and C according to this procedure. If a tertiary amine catalyst is not used, the alcohol and anhydride are heated at 100 ° C for approximately 12-14 hours with constant stirring. The cellular opener B is prepared according to this last procedure. Cellular Opener A B C Dabco BL-19 45 g; 0.281 mol - 45 g; 0.281 mol Neodol 23-3 30 g 0.090 mol 30 g; 0.090 mol --p-Dodecylphenol - - 35 g; 0.134 mol K-12 25 g; 0.094 mol 25 g; 0.094 mol 20 g; 0.075 mol The reaction for stabilizer / opener A does not reach completion; the analysis of the product by 13C NMR shows that there is a low percentage of unreacted Neodol and there is DDSA in the final product. The conversion seems to proceed to approximately 85%. The cellular A-C openers are compared to several competitive cellular openers in three different water-blown polyurethane foam formulations in Examples 1-31. Examples 1-7 In Example 1-7 the stabilizers / openers A and B are evaluated in a flexible molded polyurethane foam DIT prepared from the components (parts by weight, DIT = 100 index) as shown in Table 1. 1 Conditions for example 1-4: 6 min of demolding, according to LPT for 1 sec, 20% on packing Conditions for example 5-7: 6 min of demoulding, 170 sec LPT for 1 sec, 5% on packing The data in Table 1 show that cellular openers A and B result in the same strength for compression improvements (examples 2 and 7). The use of the acid-blocked amine, the Dabco BL-17 catalyst, does not provide the compression strength benefits compared to the cellular openers A and B. Examples 2, 3 and 4 indicate that the cellular B opener is not dependent on surfactant. Examples 8-15 In Examples 8-15 the flexible molded polyurethane foam of DIT of the components is prepared (parts by weight, DIT = 100) as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Conditions for Example 8-15; 6 min of demolding, 10% on packing, without LPT. The data in Table 2 show that different amine packages can also impact the force for compression (FPC). For example, the comparison of examples 8 and 12 illustrate that replacement of the Polycat 77 catalyst by the Dabco 33LV catalyst decreases the force to compress. Subsequently, the addition of the cellular opener B further reduces the force for compression (Examples 9 and 13). Examples 10 and 14 illustrate that the increase in the level of use of the cellular opener further decreases the force for compression using the cellular opener B. Examples 11 and 15 exhibit reduction in compression force using the cellular opener A which contains 44% of cellular opener B. Examples 16-31 In these examples the cellular stabilizer / opener C is compared to a commercially available cellular opener, Tertiary amine urethane catalyst with delayed action in flexible molded polyurethane foams DIT prepared from the components (parts by weight, DIT = 100 index) as shown in Tables 3 and 4. Both are evaluated over a wide range of conditions. processing, varying the demolding time, the degree is over packed, and time of (LPT). The results in Tables 3 and 4 show that the cellular C-opener, on the indicated process conditions, reduces the compression force equally to the commercial catalyst (Cat corara) which is a commercial cellular opener, tertiary amine catalyst with delayed action. for the production of polyurethane foam. Table 3 Conditions for Example 16-17: 3.5 min de-molding, 120 sec LPT for 1 sec, 5% packing. Conditions for example 18-19: 6 min of demolding, 120 sec LPT for 1 sec, 5% on packing Conditions for example 20-21: 6 min of demolding, 170 sec LPT for 5 sec, 20% on packing Conditions for example 22-23: 3.5 min of demolding, 170 sec LPT for 1 sec, 20% on packaging Table 4 Conditions for Example 24-25: 6 min of demolding, 120 sec LPT for 1 sec, 20% packing. Conditions for example 26-27: 3.5 min of demolding, 120 sec LPT for 5 sec, 20% on packing Conditions for example 28-29: 3.5 min of demolding, 170 sec LPT for 5 sec, 5% on packing Conditions for example 30-31: 6 min of demolding, 170 sec LPT for 1 sec, 5% on packaging The invention produces a method for manufacturing flexible and rigid polyurethane foams blown with water with improved cellular opener.

Claims (20)

1. CLAIMS 1. In a method for preparing flexible or rigid polyurethane foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a urethane catalyst, a blowing agent, optionally a cellular stabilizer of silicone surfactant, and an opener cellular, the improvement that is characterized because it comprises as the cellular opener the reaction product mono ester of an organic acid anhydride and a phenol substituted with hydrocarbyl of C1-C20 or a primary alcohol of C5-C20 alkoxylated with 0-20 units of alkylene oxide.
2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cellular opener comprises the reaction product of the anhydride and a phenol substituted with C1-C20 alkyl.
3. 3. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the cellular opener comprises the reaction product of the anhydride and a primary alcohol of C9-C15 containing 0-20 units of ethylene oxide.
4. 4. The method according to claim 1 characterized in that the organic acid anhydride is maleic anhydride, italic anhydride or succinic anhydride substituted with a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group. 5. The method according to claim 4 characterized in that the hydrocarbyl group of the anhydride Succinic is a C8-C16 hydrocarbyl group. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the anhydride and the phenol or alcohol are reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cellular opener comprises the reaction product of the anhydride and a phenol substituted with a C6-C16 alkyl. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the cellular opener comprises the reaction product of the anhydride and a C9-C15 alcohol containing 2-5 ethylene oxide units. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic acid anhydride is maleic anhydride, italic anhydride or succinic anhydride substituted with a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the hydrocarbyl group of the succinic anhydride is a C8-C16 hydrocarbyl group. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blowing agent comprises water or water and HCFC. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the blowing agent comprises water or water and HCFC. 13. In a method for preparing a flexible or rigid polyurethane foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of a urethane catalyst, a blowing agent, optionally a cellular stabilizer of silicone surfactant, and an opener cellular, the improvement that is characterized because it comprises as the cellular opener the reaction product of a succinic acid anhydride substituted with C1-C20 hydrocarbyl and a primary alcohol of C5-C20 containing 0-20 units of ethylene oxide, reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the blowing agent comprises water or water and HCFC. 15. A polyurethane flexible foam composition characterized in that it comprises the following components in parts by weight (pep): Polyol 20-100 Polyol polymer 80-0 Silicone surfactant 1-2.5 Cell stabilizer / opener 0.05-3 Water 1-8 Agent of auxiliary blowing 0-4.
5. 5 Reticulator 0.5-2 Catalyst composition 0.1-5 isocyanate index 70-115 The cellular stabilizer / opener comprising the reaction product of an organic acid anhydride and a phenol substituted with C1-C20 hydrocarbyl or a primary alcohol c5-C20 alkoxylated with 0-20 units of alkylene oxide . 16. The flexible foam composition according to claim 15, characterized in that the anhydride and the phenol or alcohol are reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst. 17. The flexible foam composition according to claim 15 characterized in that the cellular stabilizer / opener comprises the reaction product of a succinic anhydride substituted with C1-C20 hydrocarbyl and a primary alcohol of C5-C20 containing 0- 20 units of ethylene oxide, reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst. 18. A rigid polyurethane foam composition characterized in that it comprises the following components in parts by weight (pep): Polyether polyol 100 Silicone cell stabilizer 0-3 Cell stabilizer / opener 0.05-3 Water 1-8 Auxiliary blowing agent 0-20 Catalyst composition 0.5-5 isocyanate index 85-250 (preferably DIT) The cellular stabilizer / opener comprising the reaction product of an organic acid anhydride and a phenol substituted with C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl or a primary alcohol of C 5 -C 20 ethoxylated with 0-20 alkylene oxide units. 19. The flexible foam composition according to claim 18, characterized in that the anhydride and the phenol or alcohol are reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst. 20. The flexible foam composition according to claim 18 characterized in that the cellular stabilizer / opener comprises the reaction product of a succinic anhydride substituted with C1-C20 hydrocarbyl and a primary alcohol of C5-C20 containing 0- 20 units of ethylene oxide, reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine urethane catalyst.