MXPA98008921A - Pretreatment and subsequent dyeing of yarn - Google Patents

Abstract

A first yarn (21) undergoes a pretreatment process (22) for saturation with a pretreatment solution. In the pretreatment process, the first yarn continuously travels through a first bath (100) and a second bath (100) of the pretreatment solution. Between the first and second baths the pretreatment solution is impressed into the continuously moving first yarn. After the second bath excess pretreatment solution is removed from the yarn, keeping the yarn saturated when it enters a heat treatment (42) for locking the pretreatment solution into the yarn. The first yarn can be subsequently dyed in the same operation or maintain its original appearance. The first yarn together with a second yarn is woven into a fabric piece (26). Either the fabric piece, or a textile article (28) formed therefrom, is introduced into a dyeing process (30). In the dyeing process, an anionic type dye is attracted only to the pretreated yarn so that only the pretreated yarn is colored and the untreated yarn is substantially unchanged.

Description

PRETREATMENT AND HAVE SUBSEQUENT THREAD BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention This invention pertains to the pretreatment of yarns, such as yarns used to manufacture fabrics, and particularly to the processing of fabrics of different colors, such as denim, for example. 2. Related Technique and Other Considerations Some types of fabrics, such as denim, are formed by spinning a warp yarn and a weft yarn. Historically, the warp yarn is dyed to a desired color before spun; the weft thread does not stain. As used herein, the term "natural" and "natural color" refers to a yarn or fabric that is not dyed. In a typical denim production process, the warp yarn from several ball warps is dyed and then rolled up on beams. Before spinning, the dyed warp yarn is unwound to feed into a gluing operation (to apply a sizing film to the yarn). Then, the dyed warp yarn is fed to the spinning machine. In the spinning machine, the dyed warp yarn is fed in a warp direction, while the undyed weft yarn is fed in a transverse direction. Subsequently, large samples of spun denim can be used by the spinning machine to prepare a finished textile item, for example, a clothing item. In a continuous long chain dyeing process typical of the prior art, the warp yarn is first fed into a series of processing boxes. Each processing box is filled with a processing liquor. The liquor component introduced in these processing boxes depends on whether the processing boxes are used for dyeing, for chemical treatment, or for a washing process. For example, a dyeing liquor is often used in the first boxes for a dyeing process. A series of rollers are placed in the boxes, such that the warp yarn can have an essentially serpentine path through the box, for example, by passing the warp yarn alternately under the vertically lower rollers in the box, and on the upper rolls of the box. Emerging from each box, the warp threads are routed through a pair of tightening rollers. Upon exiting the clamping rollers of the first box, the warp yarn may enter a second processing box, or may be fed further downstream. In the same way, when leaving the tightening rollers at the exit of the last processing box, the warp yarn can be directed towards a vaporizer. The vaporizer is a chamber through which the warp thread (for example, the warp thread loaded with dye) travels, again in a serpentine path. The vaporizer can be operated at an elevated temperature, for example at 98.8 ° C, if desired. Upon exiting the vaporizer, the warp yarn is directed through a plurality of other processing or development boxes, for example, to dye and / or remove excess dye that does not attach to the warp yarn. Apart from the field of colored fabrics with different dyes, pre-dyeing treatments have been developed, in order to improve the color while using less dye. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,489,313 and 5,330,541 to Hall et al., Both incorporated herein by reference, teach processes to increase the possibility of dyeing textile fibers and fabrics without the need to use a salt in the dye bath . The processes of these patents involve pretreatments of the textile fibers or of the fabrics conducted in a batch or package dyeing mode before being dyed in a batch or package dyeing mode, and not in a long chain dyeing operation. continuous, as required for the commercial production of denim, for example. Accordingly, what is needed, and an object of the present invention, is the method and apparatus for conducting a better pretreatment operation of the dyeing, to continuously traverse the yarn.

SUMMARY A first thread undergoes a pretreatment process to saturate with a pretreatment solution. In the pretreatment process, the first yarn is supplied to travel continuously through a first bath and a second bath of a pretreatment solution. The first bath has a volume that is less than a volume of the second bath. Between the first and second baths, the pretreatment solution is printed on the first continuously moving wire. After the second bath, only the excess pretreatment solution of the moving yarn is removed, thereby maintaining the saturated yarn when it enters a heat treatment to fix the pretreatment solution in the yarn. The first thread can subsequently be dyed in the same operation, or it can maintain its original appearance (either colored or uncoloured). The first yarn may be a warp yarn or a weft yarn which, together with a second yarn (weft or warp yarn, treated or untreated), is spun into a piece of cloth. The piece of fabric, or a textile article formed therefrom, is then introduced into a subsequent specialized dyeing process. In the specialized dyeing process, an anionic type dye (such as a dye of direct type, reactive with the fiber, etc.) is attracted only towards the pretreated yarn, so that only the pretreated yarn is colored (dyed or inked ), and the untreated yarn remains substantially unchanged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become clear from the following more particular description of the preferred embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which the reference characters are refer to the same parties through the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis being placed instead on the illustration of the principles of the invention. Figure 1 is a schematic diagrammatic view of a yarn pretreatment process and a cloth production process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagrammatic view of the details of the wire pretreatment process of Figure 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. Figure 3 is a side view of a wire pretreatment apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are described in order to provide a complete understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known devices, techniques, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail. The present invention relates both to the pretreatment of yarn in a continuous long chain operation, and to the dyeing of the pretreated yarn. The dyeing of the pretreated yarn can be in the same continuous long chain operation, and / or subsequently as part of a fabric in a specialized dyeing operation. The fabric is made of pretreated yarn, and a second yarn (whether pretreated or not). In the next specialized dyeing operation of the spun fabric with the pretreated yarn, only the pretreated yarn is colored by the dyeing process. Any untreated yarn on the fabric is not colored by the dyeing process. Figure 1 shows diagrammatically different steps involved in the invention. A supply of yarn 20, such as a plurality of ball warps, essentially feeds the first yarn 21 into a pretreatment process (generally illustrated by dotted line 22). The yarn 21 runs through the pretreatment process 22 in an essentially continuous manner, to absorb a solution of pretreatment of dyeing. The yarn that has absorbed the dye pretreatment solution is referred to herein as "pretreated" or "treated" yarn. The first thread 21 leaves the pretreatment process 22 with its original appearance (either colored or not colored, as the case may be). Then, both the first yarn 21 that has undergone the pretreatment process 22, and a second yarn, are fed separately to a spinning process 24 on a spinning machine, in order to produce a cloth, indicated as the piece of fabric 26 in Figure 1. Subsequently, the piece of fabric 26 can be made in a textile article 28, such as pants (jeans). When the article manufacturer determines a desirable color, the article 28 is loaded in a dyeing process 30 with a dye 32. In the process of dyed 30, the dye is attracted only to the treated yarn, and not to the untreated yarn. Accordingly, the colored article 28 'emerges from the dyeing process 30. The colored article 28' will be dyed differently if both treated and untreated yarns are used in the fabric from which the yarn is produced. item 28. Alternatively, the colored article 28 'will be solid if the first treated yarn and the second untreated yarn on the cloth are used. The first yarn used in the present invention can be dyed subsequent to preprocessing with the Pretreatment solution, but before spinning in the piece of cloth 26, as in a first example described later herein. Alternatively, as in a second example, the treated yarn may remain unstained after preprocessing, such that a piece of uncolored or originally colored fabric is spun 26. In the first mode, the treated yarn dyed from the piece of cloth is further dyed or inked after spinning. In the latter mode, on the other hand, the treated yarn remains in its original colored or uncolored state, and does not receive additional coloration until after spinning in the piece of cloth 26. As a modification of the steps shown in Figure 1 , it should be understood that the piece of fabric 26 does not need to be formed in the article 28 before the dyeing process 30. Instead, the fabric 26 can be inserted into the piece for the dyeing process 30, and subsequently it can be made an article from it if desired. Moreover, it should also be understood that additional processes, understood by experts in this field, are normally included, such as, for example, belay formation, glueing, and winding processes, conducted between the pretreatment process 22 and the process of yarn 24. In Figure 1, the yarn 21 is illustrated diagrammatically as a series of lines extending in an essentially continuous manner through the pretreatment process 22. It will be appreciated that these lines illustrate hundreds of individual yarns, and that the arrows shown on the lines merely indicate the direction of travel of the yarn 21 through the pre-treatment process 22. As will be understood from the following description of Figure 3, the yarn 21 runs in an essentially continuous way through each of a plurality of stages 40, 42, and 44 in the pretreatment process 22. As used herein with reference to the transport of the yarn 21, "of a essentially continuously "means that, for a given job, the wire 21 runs through the pretreatment process 22 at a non-zero speed, in the general direction illustrated by arrow 46, allowing interruptions to change supply thread or for equipment operation / maintenance purposes, and the like. "In an essentially continuous manner" specifically excludes the increasing movement (i.e., repeated starting and stopping frequently) of the yarn 21 through the pretreatment process 22. As shown in Figure 1, the steps of the pretreatment process 22 include the application step of solution 40; the heat treatment step 42; and the stage of development 44. The stage of development 44 may be one or more of a dyeing step, a washing step, or a chemical processing step. The apparatus for performing the solution application step 40 and the heat treatment step 42 is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows parts of a conventional continuous long chain dyeing operation, including portions thereof that have been configured and adapted particularly as described herein, to perform the solution application step 40 of the present invention. In particular, Figure 3 shows a plurality of boxes or tanks 1001-100, and a vaporizer 101. The box 1001 is conventionally known as a pre-purge box; the box 1002 is known as a recovery box; the box 1003 is known as a wash box; and box 1004 is known as a Williamson box. Each box 100 has two sets of horizontally extending rollers, particularly a roller upper assembly 102 and a lower roller assembly 104. The boxes 1002 and 1003 each have a set of three upper rollers 102, and a set of four lower rollers 104. The longitudinal axes of rollers 102 and 104 extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper of Figure 3, which is a width dimension for each box 100. The longitudinal axes of upper rollers 102 are just above of an upper limit 106 of the lateral edges of the boxes 100; the longitudinal axes of the lower rollers 104 are close to the bottoms of the boxes 100. Inside each box 100, the rollers 102 and 104 alternate in their physical placement with one another along the direction 46, in such a way that (if and to the extent desired) the yarn may travel in a generally serpentine path illustrated by the dotted line 110. However, the actual path traveled by the yarn 21 of the present invention is shown in its place by the bold line illustrating the thread 21. The box 1002 is of a type having screens or divisions that can be selectively placed 112, which extend vertically across the width of the boxes. Three of these screens 112 are provided in the box 1002, particularly below the first to third top rollers 102 (the rollers being numbered in the order of the address 46). Although the third screen of the box 1002 is obscured by the dark line representing the thread 21, the positions of these screens can be understood from the previous explanation, and from the two screens 112 visible in the box 1002 of Figure 3 Held at the top, at an outlet of each box 100, there is a roller assembly including a guide roller and a pair of adjustable clamping rollers. For example, at one outlet of the box 1002, there is the carrier roller 1202, and the upper and lower tightening rollers 1222, 1242, respectively. A similar set of rollers is shown for each of the boxes 1003 and 100, each roller being subscribed according to the box that follows. The pressure applied to the yarn 21 as it passes through the upper tightening roller 122 and the lower tightening roller 124 is adjustable. For reasons explained hereinafter, in view of the configurations and pressure positions of the present invention, the pair of tightening rollers 1222, 1242 are known as solution printing tightening rollers; the pair of tightening rollers 1223, 1243 are known as idle tightening rollers; and the pair of tightening rollers 122, 1244 are known as tightening rollers for removal of excess solution. Above and after the exit of each pair of tightening rollers, there is a compensating roller 128. For example, after passing between the solution printing tightening rollers 1222, 1242, the thread 21 runs over the compensating roller 1282, and then going down to the box 1003. Below each set of rollers 120, 122, 124, there is a drip tray 130. Any liquid squeezed out of the yarn 21 by the action of the clamping rollers 122, 124 falls under the force of gravity either in the upstream box 100, or in the drip tray 130, and then in the upstream box. For example, the liquid squeezed out of the yarn 21 by the solution pressing tightening rolls 1222, 1242, falls back into the box 1002. The adaptation and configuration of the apparatus of Figure 3 for the present invention is now described. The box 1002 is truncated to a quarter of the full volume of the box, by virtue of the positioning of the third screen 112, and using only the last upper roller 102 and the last lower roller 104 of the box 1002. Only the compensating rollers 128., and 1282. All of the rollers 102 and 104 of the box 1003 are used. Accordingly, according to the configuration of the apparatus of the present invention, the yarn 21 runs in the following course: under the compensating roller 128., Above the last upper roller 102 of the box 1002; under the last lower roller 104 of the box 1002; above the carrier roller 1202; between the solution printing tightening rollers 1222, 1242; above compensating roller 1282; in a serpentine path through the box 1003 (alternatively above a top roll 1023 and a bottom roll 1043 for all rolls 1023 and 1043 in box 1003); above the carrier roller 1203; between the crazy tightening rollers 1223, 1243; directly through and above the box 1004; above roller 120; between the clamping rollers 1224 and 124; above the compensating roller 1284; under the carrier roller 132; and towards the vaporizer 101. The vaporizer 101 is of a conventional structure, having upper rollers 142 and lower rollers 144 alternating, such that the yarn 21 also travels in a generally serpentine path through the vaporizer 101. In the Figure 3 a portion of the vaporizer 101 is shown. The wire 21 traverses the serpentine path through the vaporizer 101. Downstream from the vaporizer 101, in the direction of the arrow 46, are a series of development boxes. The development boxes can be used for dyeing, chemical processing, or washing. Although not illustrated in Figure 3, the development boxes generally resemble boxes 100 of Figure 3. In accordance with its particularly intended use, a development box contains indigo or sulfur dye for dyeing purposes, or water. Another rinse solution for washing the excess solution of the yarn 21. As shown in general in Figure 1, the boxes 1002, 1003, each receive a pretreatment solution through a T 150 conduit, forming a this way a first solution bath in the box 1002, and a second solution bath in the box 1003. The pretreatment solution is supplied to the pipe 150 by a static mixer 160. The static mixer 160 serves to mix four primary components of a essentially immediately before entering 1002, 1003, as the pretreatment solution. The four primary components of the pretreatment solution are water, a caustic, a wetting agent, and an epoxide ammonium salt. An example of the pretreatment solution is Amdye PTC, which is commercially available at American Emulsions in Dalton, Georgia. The components of the pretreatment solution are known from the patents of the United States of North America Nos. 5,489,313 and 5,330,541 of Hall et al. Although in the prior art, these components are used as a pretreatment solution in a batch-type pretreatment or dyeing process, in the present invention, the pretreatment solution is used in an apparatus for a long chain dyeing operation keep going. However, the prior art pretreatment solution can not be used in a continuous operation in the manner of batch processing, in part due to the tendency of the pretreatment solution to react with itself. Conveniently, the configuration of the static mixer and apparatus of the present invention counteracts the tendencies of the pretreatment solution to react with itself, and facilitates the use of the pretreatment solution in a continuous operation. Figure 1 shows not only the introduction of the pretreatment solution through the duct 150, but also the discharge of the effluent (indicated by the arrows 1702 and 1703). In terms of the apparatus shown in Figure 3, the effluent is discharged, for example from the holes formed in the boxes 1002 and 1003. That is, the pretreatment solution is continuously introduced at a speed of. Solution feed that is fast enough: (1) to exceed the absorption of the solution by wire 21, and (2) so that the pretreatment solution does not have enough time to react with itself before being discharged from the box (eg, through the discharge orifices) by the supply of new solution. Accordingly, the pretreatment solution is introduced into the first bath at a rate sufficient to both replace the pretreatment solution absorbed by the yarn 21, and for the pretreatment solution to be discharged from the box substantially before the pretreatment solution have time to react with yourself. In the configuration of the present invention, the pretreatment solution fills up to the levels shown in Figure 3 as 1722 and 1723, respectively. In an example of the invention, the warp yarn (yarn count of 125/1 [weight] 100 percent cotton) was fed continuously over the trajectory shown in Figure 3, at a speed of 22.86 meters per minute, the warp yarn from 12 ball warps (328 ends of each), along the indicated trajectory (box 100., was not used). The third screen 112 of the box 1002 was used, such that the pretreatment solution entered only the last quarter of the box 1002, and was maintained at the 1722 level, as described above. A portion of the box 1003 was used, and the pretreatment solution was supplied thereto up to level 1723. The flow rate of the pretreatment solution in line 150 leaving the static mixer 160 was 22.7 liters per minute. . The effluent was discharged from box 1002 at a rate of 9.4 liters per minute; the effluent was discharged from box 1003 at a rate of 2.6 liters per minute. The temperature of the pretreatment solution in both boxes 1002 and 1003 was environmental. The solution tightening rollers 1222, 1242 were adjusted to apply a pressure of 3.5 kg / cm2 + 0.14 kg / cm2. Crazy tightening rollers 1223, 1243 were separated from one another, so as not to apply any pressure, ie, 0 kg / cm2. The tightening rollers to remove excess solution 122, 1244 were adjusted to apply a pressure of 0.7 kg / cm2 + 0.14 kg / cm2. Steamizer 101 was operated at 100.8 ° C, with a cold spray at 75.7 liters per minute at its outlet end. Upon exiting the vaporizer 101, the warp yarn passed through the tightening rollers of the vaporizer, which applied a pressure of 2.8 kg / cm2 (+ 0.14 kg / cm2). Subsequently, the warp yarn was continuously transported through a series of development boxes, which included eight boxes of indigo dye, two wash boxes, and a chemical treatment box. The pressures of the clamping rollers in these first eight boxes were set at 2.8 kg / cm2 (+ 0.14 kg / cm2). The two washing boxes had water spray at 37.8 liters per minute at 48.8 ° C. In the last (eleventh) wash box, a rinse with acetic acid (at 48.8 ° C) was applied, and the pressure of the tightening rollers was 3.5 kg / cm2 (± 0.14 kg / cm2). In a second example, the treated yarn remained unstained after preprocessing, so that a piece of uncolored or originally colored cloth 26 was spun. The establishment of the second example differed from the first example only in the configuration of the boxes for the development process 44. In particular, in the second example, the warp yarn was continuously transported through a series of development boxes that included ten wash boxes, and a chemical treatment box. The pressures of the tightening rollers in these first ten washing boxes was set at 2.8 kg / cm2 (+ 0.14 kg / cm2). The ten wash boxes had water sprays at 37.8 liters per minute at 48.8 ° C. In the last (eleventh) wash box, a rinse with acetic acid (at 48.8 ° C) was applied, and the pressure of the tightening rollers was 3.5 kg / cm2 (+ 0.14 kg / cm2). In the examples described above, in the box 1002, the warp yarn collected 80 percent. When leaving the box 1003, the warp thread had a total withdrawal from both boxes. Accordingly, when essentially dry upon entering the box 1002, the warp yarn absorbs more pretreatment liquid than it subsequently absorbs into the box 1003. The initial application of the pretreatment solution is illustrated in step SI of the step of application of solution 40 of the pretreatment process 22 (see Figure 2). As indicated above, the pressure exerted by the solution tightening rollers of solution 1222, 1242, is 3.5 kg / cm2, + 0.14 kg / cm2. Exerting this pressure by means of the solution tightening rollers 1222, 1242, serves to imprint or force the pretreatment solution, which is maximally absorbed into the box 1002, into the yarn (see step S2 of Figure 2) . However, the pressure also squeezes some of the pretreatment solution out of the yarn. By transporting the warp yarn through the pretreatment solution a second time, that is, into the box 1003, the pretreatment solution is uniformly and generously applied to the warp yarn (see step S3 of Figure 2). ). When leaving the second box 1003, no clamping pressure is applied. The yarn is then transported on the box 1004 (for example, on the roller 1243 to the excess solution removal rollers 1224, 1244), providing an additional reaction time of the pretreatment solution with the warp yarn. On rollers 122, 1244, only enough pressure is applied (e.g., 0.7 kg / cm2 + 0.14 kg / cm2), to remove excess pretreatment solution on the yarn (see step S4 of Figure 2). Accordingly, the yarn remains saturated with the pretreatment solution. Then the warp yarn is transported to the vaporizer 101, where a heat reaction occurs to fix the pretreatment solution in the yarn. In accordance with the present invention, a proportion of the pressure applied to the yarn 21 by the solution printing pressure rollers 1222, 1242 (ie, the "first pressure"), to the pressure applied by the removal rollers. excess of solution 1224, 1244 (ie, the "second pressure"), is on the scale of about 4: 1 to 6: 1, and preferably is about 5: 1. A ratio of the volume V2 of the pretreatment solution in box 1002, to volume V3 of the pretreatment solution in box 1003, is preferably about 1: 2. After the spinning process 24 (see Figure 1), the piece of cloth 28, or the article 28 formed therefrom, can be dyed in the dyeing process 30. As mentioned above, according to different modes of the invention, and depending on the content of the development boxes, the dyeing process 30 can be an initial coloration of a yarn treated on the cloth, or an additional coloration of a previously treated yarn colored on the cloth. The type of equipment used in the dyeing process may be of a normal continuous dyeing range, or other clothing dyeing apparatus. The dyeing process 30 is conducted on the acid side and avoiding the use of anionic chemicals, as understood, for example, from U.S. Patent Nos. 5,489,313 and 5,330,541 to Hall et al., Both incorporated herein. as reference. As mentioned above, in the dyeing process 30, only the treated yarn, such as the warp yarn 21, is going to be dyed, and not the untreated yarn 23. This phenomenon occurs, because the dye 32 is attracted exclusively towards the treated yarn 21 by virtue of its permeation with the dye attraction pretreatment solution. Dye 32 is a special dye that has specific functional groups that are attracted to the pretreatment solution on the yarn. Only after the dyeing process is completed 30, it will be seen if the application of the pretreatment solution in the pretreatment process 22 resulted in a uniform coloration of the treated yarn. If the treated yarn did not absorb the pretreatment solution in a sufficient and uniform manner, the resulting dyed article 28 'may have unacceptable stripes. However, the present invention ensures adequate uniform absorption for the treated yarn of the pretreatment solution. In the present invention, the pretreatment solution is first soaked (in the box 1002) and printed on the yarn (in the rolls 1222 and 1224). Subsequently, the yarn is immersed in a second bath (in the box 1003) without subsequently squeezing the pretreatment liquid, removing only the excess solution from the outside of the yarn (in the clamping rollers 1224, 1244). Moreover, the rate of change of the pretreatment solution prevents the solution from reacting with itself. The effective volumes of the boxes 1002 and 1003 were configured to facilitate the rate of change, since a higher solution absorption rate is present in the box 1002 than in the box 1003. Although the invention has been shown and described particularly with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that different alterations may be made in the form and detail thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is possible to make modifications of the apparatus of Figure 3. In another configuration mode, screens of the box 1002 are placed, in such a way that the wire 21 runs under another of the lower rolls 104 thereof, still being used only a quarter of the box 1102 in another way. In another configuration mode, a first box through which the yarn 21 runs is filled to a relatively lower level than that indicated by the level 1722, the yarn 21 traversing the box below one or more adjacent lower rollers 104. (there are no screens between the adjacent lower rollers 104 in this box). In these alternative configuration modes, the residence time of the yarn in the box 1002 must be essentially the same as that shown in Figure 3. The aspects of the present invention are significant to the fabric producers, such as the denim producers. , because the dyeing process can be partially or totally deferred (for example, after the article is manufactured), until the producer assures the market or the need for a particularly colored item. For example, the final color (eg, indigo or sulfur, etc.) should not be fixed to the yarn before spinning the piece of fabric. Instead of this, in view of the present invention, the piece of fabric 26 can be spun with a natural color or with an intermediate color. Subsequently, whether the fabric piece 26, or an article 28 formed therefrom, can be dyed to a desired final color. The desired final color can be chosen and determined at a point of time closest to its actual commercialization.

Claims (12)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the foregoing invention, it is considered as a novelty, and therefore, property is claimed as contained in the following: CLAIMS 1. A process for producing a differentially colored fabric, comprising the process: (1) ) treating a first thread with a pretreatment solution; (2) spin the first thread and a second thread on a piece of cloth; then (3) treat the piece of cloth with a dye, whereby, as a result of a reaction with the dye and the pretreatment solution, the first yarn is colored, and any yarn on the cloth that has not been treated with the pretreatment solution remains substantially colorless.
2. 2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that step (1) comprises transporting in an essentially continuous manner a supply of the first yarn through the pretreatment solution.
3. 3. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that step (1) further includes dyeing the first yarn in a first dyeing process, the first yarn being transported in an essentially continuous manner, both through the solution of pretreatment, as then through the first dyeing process, and wherein the treatment of the piece of cloth with a dye in step (3) constitutes a second dyeing process for the first yarn.
4. 4. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises: continuously feeding the first yarn to a first bath of the pretreatment solution; supplying the pretreatment solution to the first bath of the pretreatment solution; supplying the pretreatment solution towards the first bath at a rate sufficient to both replace the pretreatment solution absorbed by the first wire, and to discharge the pretreatment solution from the first bath substantially before the pretreatment solution reacts with itself; feeding the first yarn between a pair of solution printing tightening rollers, to apply a first pressure to impregnate the pretreatment solution in the first yarn; then continuously feeding the first yarn to a second bath of the pretreatment solution; feeding the first yarn between a pair of tightening rollers to remove excess solution, to apply a second pressure substantially only to remove the excess pretreatment solution from the first yarn, the second pressure being less than the first pressure; then heat treat the first yarn to fix the pretreatment solution in the first yarn.
5. 5. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that a ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure is in the range of approximately 5: 1.
6. 6. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the first pressure is in the range of 2.8 kg / cm2 to 4.2 kg / cm2, and preferably is 3.5 kg / cm2.
7. 7. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the second pressure is in the range of 0.42 kg / cm2 to 0.98 kg / cm2, and preferably is 0.7 kg / cm2.
8. 8. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the first bath has a first rate of solution exchange of the bath, and wherein the second bath has a second rate of solution exchange of the bath, and where a ratio of the first exchange rate of solution from the bath to the second rate of solution exchange of the bath is in the range of 1.5: 1 to 3: 1.
9. 9. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the first bath has a volume V2 of the solution, and the second bath has a volume V3 of the solution, and wherein the ratio V2: V3 is in the scale from 1: 1 to 1: 3, and is preferably 1: 2.
10. 10. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises mixing the components of the pretreatment solution in an essentially immediate manner before introducing the pretreatment solution into the first bath and into the second bath.
11. 11. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the second yarn has not been treated with the pretreatment solution, and remains substantially uncoloured in step (3). 12. A process for a continuous yarn pretreatment running through, the process comprising: essentially continuously feeding the yarn into a first bath of dyeing pretreatment solution; supplying the solution to the first bath at a rate sufficient to both replace the solution absorbed by the yarn, and to discharge the solution from the first bath substantially before the first solution reacts with itself; feeding the yarn between a first pair of tightening rollers to apply a first pressure to impregnate the solution in the yarn; then to feed in an essentially continuous way the yarn to a second bath of the solution; then feeding the yarn between a second pair of tightening rollers to apply a second pressure substantially only to remove the excess solution from the yarn, the second pressure being less than the first pressure; then heat treat the yarn to fix the dye pretreatment solution in the yarn. 13. The process according to claim 12, characterized in that a ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure is in the range of approximately 4: 1 to 6: 1. 14. The process according to claim 12, characterized in that the first pressure is in the range of 2.8 kg / cm2 to 4.2 kg / cm2, and preferably is 3.5 kg / cm2. 15. The process according to claim 12, characterized in that the second pressure is in the range of 0.41 kg / cm2 to 0.98 kg / cm2, and is preferably 0.7 kg / cm2. 16. The process according to claim 12, characterized in that the first bath has a first rate of solution exchange of the bath, and wherein the second bath has a second rate of solution exchange of the bath, and where a ratio of the first exchange rate of solution from the bath to the second rate of solution exchange of the bath is in the range of 1.5: 1 to 3: 1. 17. The process according to claim 12, characterized in that the first bath has a volume V2 of the solution, and the second bath has a volume V3 of the solution, and wherein the ratio V2: V3 is in the scale from 1: 1 to 1: 3, and is preferably 1: 2. 18. An apparatus for the pretreatment of a yarn that runs in an essentially continuous manner, the apparatus comprising: a first box in which a dye pretreatment solution is continuously introduced and discharged, the first box having at least one element that defines the thread path, located therein; a pair of solution printing tightening rollers placed at an outlet of the first box, the pair of solution printing tightening rollers applying a first pressure to impregnate the solution in the yarn; a second box in which the dye pretreatment solution is continuously introduced and discharged, the second box having a series of elements defining the wire path, located therein; a pair of tightening rollers to remove excess solution, to apply a second pressure substantially only to remove the excess solution from the thread; a heat treatment chamber, where the solution is fixed in the yarn; and a conveying system for continuously feeding the yarn in sequence through the first box, the pair of solution printing tightening rollers, the second box, the pair of tightening rollers removing the excess solution, and the chamber of heat treatment. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that a ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure is in the range of about 4: 1 to 6: 1. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the first bath has a first solution exchange rate of the box, and wherein the second box has a second solution exchange rate of the box, and where a proportion of the first solution exchange rate of the box At the second speed of solution exchange the box is on the scale of 1.5: 1 to 3: 1. 21. An article produced by the process in accordance with claim 1. 22. An article produced by the process in accordance with the claim in claim 2. 23. An article produced by the process in accordance with the claim in claim 3. 24. An article produced by the process in accordance with the claim in claim 4. 25. An article produced by the process in accordance with the claim in claim
12. 12.