MXPA98002378A - Procedure for conversion of drilling claws of wells in raw material for the manufacture of cement and the cementicias compositions i obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the conversion of drilling cuttings from wells to raw material in the manufacture of cement, to a method for discarding and recovering certain components of the drilling material fluids that are generated during the process of drilling wells. of gas and oil and the like, and cementitious compositions asiobtenid

Description

PROCEDURE FOR CONVERSION OF DRILLING CUTTINGS OF WELLS IN RAW MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT AND THE CEMENTIAL COMPOSITIONS AS WELL OBTAINED BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS The patent of the U.S.A. No. 4,793,423 with title "PROCESS FOR TREATING DRILLED CUTTINGS" (PROCEDURE FOR TREAT PERFORATED CUTS) by Beth C. Knol, granted on December 27, 1988, refers to processing used drilling fluids, drilled cuts and contaminated soil with salt, etc., to produce saline water for injecting a waste pit and substantially salt-free materials with graduated size for non-hazardous construction or disposal operations. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 4,809,791 with title "REMOVAL OF ROCK CUTTINGS WHILE DRILLING UTILIZING AN AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTABLE SHAKER SYSTEM "(REMOVAL OF CUTS OF ROCKS DURING PERFORATION USING AN AGITATOR SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTABLE) of Asadollah Hayatdavoudi, granted on March 7, 1989, refers to a system to optimize the separation of particles in an agitator system of a well drilling system. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 4,880,468 entitled "WASTE SOLIDIFICATION COMPOSITION AND METHODS" (COMPOSITION AND METHODS OF SOLIDIFICATION OF DISPOSAL) of David A. Bowlin, Michael J. Seuman, issued November 14, 1989, refers to a composition for solidification of waste comprising hydraulic cement, fly ash and fumed silica material; to a method to dispose of waste materials such as sludge and drilling cuts that result from drilling an oil and gas well. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 4,942,929 entitled "DISPOSAL AND RECLAMATION OF DRILLING WASTES" by Edward Malachos and and Donna M. Lantero, issued July 24, 1990, refers to drilling cuts comprising useful gravel, silt, clays and spent drilling fluid, which are recovered and disposed of during or after the drilling process of a well by separating construction gravel from the drilling fluid and washing the gravel, if necessary, prior to storage or placing it in use as construction material. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,058,679 titled "SOLIDIFICATION OF WATER BASED MUDS" by Arthur H. Hale and Kenneth M. Cowan, issued October 22, 1991, refers to a drilling mud that becomes in situ to a cement by the addition of blast furnace slag.

The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,277,519 entitled "WELL DRILLING CUTTINGS DISPOSAL" by James JW Nahm, granted on January 11, 1994, in which the drilled holes are discarded by solidification when drilling with a drilling fluid that It contains blast furnace slag, thus producing perforation cuts and other solid waste, concentrating the waste and then solidifying the concentrated waste. The drilling wastes solidified with blast furnace slag are hard and non-leachable and the blast furnace slag is compatible with both oil-based and water-based drilling muds and drilling cuts. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,213,160 titled "METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF OIL-BASE MUD TO OIL MUD-CEMENT" (METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF OIL BASE MUD CEMENTO-LODO-ACEITE) by James JW Nahm and Reece E. Wyant, granted on May 25, 1993, refers to a drilling fluid that is a water-in-oil emulsion, which can be converted into a cement mud. sludge-oil for use in oil well cementation procedures. In the patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,314,882 entitled "WELL DRILLING CUTTINGS DISPOSAL" by Arthur H. Hale, issued on August 30, 1994, drilled holes are discarded by solidification by combining the cuts with water and slag from Blast furnace and injection cuts the water and slag into a ring that surrounds a drilling jacket and solidify them. Cement solidification with blast furnace slag is economical and the blast furnace slag is compatible with both oil-based and water-based drilling muds. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5, 580,379 entitled "EMULSION IN BLAST FURNACE MUD SOLIDIFICATION" (EMULSION IN SOLIDIFCATION OF MUD WITH HIGH-OVEN SCENE) granted on December 3, 1996, refers to a cement mud that is prepared from drilling fluid, high slag an oven and an emulsion comprising an external phase of oil and an internal aqueous phase. After the cement slurry is mixed and pumped into position in a well, the emulsion breaks down and the additives are released. The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,476,144 entitled "CONVERSION OF OIL-BASE MUD TO OIL MUD-CEMENT" (CONVERSION OF MUD BASE OIL TO CEMENT-MUD OF OIL) granted on December 19, 1995, is related to a drilling fluid with water emulsion -of-oil that can be converted into a slurry of cement-oil sludge for use in oil well cementation procedures.

The patent of the U.S.A. No. 5,370,185 titled "MUD SOLIDIFICATION WITH SLURRY OF PORTLAND CEMENT" granted on December 6, 1994, refers to the production of a cementitious sludge by combining an aqueous drilling fluid with a sludge. of Portland cement in oil. The resulting composition has particular utility in primary cementing operations for oil wells. 1. Field of the Invention 10 The present invention refers to a method and system for concluding the benefit of joining the synergies through the cuts between the drilling processes and the cement process, either by the use of the raw materials and / or that of thermal energy. As shown in the aforementioned patents, there are currently few alternatives of insufficient final disposal to treat said residues with respect to the large quantities generated with the development of oil exploitation. 20 COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION During the drilling of oil wells, basically two types of clay waste are generated, the former being called "sludges from water-based cuttings", which are the product of drilling in zones geological stable, the latter are during the # drilling in unstable geological areas, the latter are added during the drilling of the well materials such as mineral oils, naphthas, asphalts, diesel, densifying additives, emulsifiers, dispersants, reducing 5 losses of fluidity and viscosifiers, forming in conjunction with clays the so-called "sludge of inverse emulsion or oil-based cuttings". Both residues in generic form contain clay materials, with contents of silicon oxides, aluminum and calcium mainly, these oxides being part of those that make up the chemical composition of raw materials for the manufacture of cement, hence the name "Conversion of cuttings from drilling wells to cement", particularly in oil wells. 15 This process of integrating sludge from drilling cuttings to the cement process also has the advantage of taking advantage of them as part of the raw material in cement manufacturing, "Harnessing the energy and / or thermal destruction of oil-based muds that have been contaminated during drilling. "This safe final disposal of the waste generated from the drilling of the wells in the cement process, results in the avoidance or reduction of soil pollution, the recycling of clay materials and the thermal destruction of these sludges contaminated with hydrocarbons, thus favoring our environment in a sustainable manner. In many oil and gas well operations, drilling fluid and materials trapped in the fluid during the operation process generate an increasing problem in its handling and disposal. Environmental regulations and considerations prohibit or make undesirable the superficial disposal of sludge and drilling cuts. On the other hand, certain categories of material that is produced in the drilling process can be recovered as useful building materials such as varying grades of sand or gravel. OBJECTIVES An object of the present invention is the conversion of drill cuttings from oil wells, to raw material in the manufacture of cement. An object of the present invention is a process for carrying out said conversion. Another objective of the present invention is the development of a solution to the problems of soil and water contamination in the vicinity of oil well drilling. Another objective of the invention is to recycle and / or thermally destroy the sludge contaminated with hydrocarbons, thus favoring our environment in a sustainable manner. Additional characteristics of the invention, its nature and various advantages will be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of pipe diameters on the left side against drilling depths on the right side, for the typical drilling of a well. Figure 2 diagrammatically represents the steps of the process for converting drill cuttings from wells to raw material in the manufacture of cement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION From Figure 1, where A represents cuttings of oil-base muds, lithology: clays and sands (zone of abnormal pressures), approximately 500 m3 equivalent to approximately 1,000 Tons are deducted, representing the average generation of the cuttings sludge per well depending on their depths, which are now considered as waste. The general composition of these residues results in clays in 80%, quartz in 10%, calcite in 3%, hematite in 4%, muscovite in 2% and sometimes chlorite in 0.7%. In general, between 2.5 and 5.5 km of depth, there are unstable zones with abnormal pressures where 5 requires the addition of hydrocarbons and additives, hence the sludge from the cuttings comes out of the well contaminated in a general way with materials such as mineral oils, diesel , naphthas, asphalts, silica and organophilic clays, * used as densifiers, emulsifiers, dispersants, 10 fluidity loss reducers, emulsifiers and viscosifiers.

The rest of the well cuttings do not require the addition of hydrocarbons and are called water based cutouts.

Typical characteristics of additives for oil well drilling: Mineral oil and petroleum distillate (Naphtha), asphalt, kaolin, silica, gilsonite asphalt, methyl alcohol, diesel, long chain fatty acid in mineral oil, 20 mixture of imidazoline fatty salt and organic calcium sulfonate, organophilic clay, resins organic, mixture of modified diamine and polybasic acid (isoparaffinic solvent), CaCl2, oxidized fatty acid derived from oil, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ammonium and humic acid derived from Leonardite, organophilic clay derived from a quaternary ammonium compound and 5 montmorillonite, conditioners for inverse emulsions. Figure 2 comprises, on the one hand, the generation of drilling cuttings in oil wells and, on the other, the integration of cuttings in the stages of the cement process. In 10 the feeding is illustrated of the raw materials, to a stage of grinding and pre-homogenization 20 to which the water-based drilling cuttings 25 are supplied, from there it is passed to the milling stage of raw materials 30, from which the clinker production is proceeded 40, where the oil-based perforation cuttings 45, then it is passed to the milling of the cement 50 and from there goes to storage and distribution of cement 60. The following example is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. EXAMPLE For the corroboration of the benefits of the present invention developed in ECOLTEC, a subsidiary of Cementos Apasco, S.A. of C.V., it was necessary to involve the National Institute of Ecology to have its authorization, to the Autonomous Metropolitan University as endorsement of the protocols carried out, the Mexican Petroleum Institute with its measurement and analysis equipment and obviously from Petróleos Mexicanos in the drilling area. The objective was based on incorporating hydrocarbon-free water-base muds 5 in the Crushing-Prehomogenization stage of the cement process and the oil-base muds in the Clinker Production stage between 1,000 - 1,100 ° C, in a specific place of the oven system. To test the benefits, 10 test protocols were carried out with and without the oil-base muds, in relation to the behavior of the same sludge, the kiln process, the cement process and the emissions in chimneys. The development of the tests of incorporation of the waste, was made during the month of August of 1997, in the 15th floor of cement in Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. The results of the protocols can be summarized in the following points: With respect to the emissions of gases such as NOx, S02, HCt, HCl, CO, C02, 02 and the Total Suspended Particles in 20 the chimney we summarize that the NOx and the HCl, has no influence during the incorporation of the sludge, the S02; CO and C02 were reduced with the cuts and the HCt and the Particles require to have a better control of mixture and dosage of the cut.

Taking figures resulting from the heavy metals Cd, Hg, As, Co, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, V and Sn, we have the sum of the maximum values of the emissions of all metals in both gases as solids result in 0.0282 mg / Nm3, which is quite negligible. This is to verify and justify the reason for the incorporation of such waste, because once the heavy metals in general, except Hg, are in the "clinker-cement-concrete" where they are not soluble 10 being encapsulated. According to the chemical behavior the incorporation of the cuts resulted between 1.5 - 4% of the total of the raw materials. The result in terms of energy was quite relative, 15 in one case 3% was lost and in another 1% of the total thermal consumption of the system was gained, making the most relevant as recycling is for raw materials. previously this process becomes a safe final disposal of the waste generated from the drilling of the wells, reducing the pollution of the soil and water, becoming a recycling and / or thermal destruction of these sludges contaminated with hydrocarbons, thus favoring our environment in a sustainable way.

The development of the tests of incorporation of the waste, was made during the month of August of 1997, in the cement plant in Macuspana, Tab. , which is part of the Apasco Group together with the Plants in Orizaba, Veracruz; Apaxco, State of Mexico; Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila; Acapulco Guerrero and Tecomán, Colima. The tests were carried out with the authorization of the National Institute of Ecology, participating in the Coordination of Environmental Technology of the Mexican Petroleum Institute (IMP) through its Mobile Laboratories of Pollutant Emissions Monitoring in Fixed Sources and the Autonomous Metropolitan University, Azcapotzalco unit (UAM-AZC), participating as a collegiate certification body. It will be understood that the above is only illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (7)

1. CLAIMS 1. Procedure for conversion of well drilling cuttings in raw material for the manufacture of cement, which comprises the steps of a) extraction of limestones and clays to supply them to the next step b) of grinding and pre-homogenization from which the materials with a size not greater than 2.54 cm (1 inch) (maximum 5% of retained in the mesh of 3.81 cm (1.5 inches)), from where the materials are fed a) grinding of crude oil, where the mixture of the materials adding corrective silica, aluminum, iron or calcium and where also the mixture is dried to a final humidity of 1%, obtaining a flour that is stored, which is blown compressed air to homogenize and fed to the stage d ) of clinker manufacturing which comprises preheating the flour in cyclones between 280 and 350 ° C, precalcining it between 1,000 and 1,100 ° C in a secondary burner, to feed it to the rotary kiln where t emperatures of 1,450 ° C in the material (flour) and in the gases from 1,800 to 2,000 ° C, and e) grinding of cement; characterized in that the method comprises introducing in step b) of grinding and pre-homogenization the water-based perforation cut-outs containing particles with size between .03 and .06 mm and introducing the oil-based perforation cut-outs in step c) of manufacturing clinker, for the thermal destruction of contaminants.
2. 2. Procedure for converting drilling cuttings from wells to raw material in cement manufacture according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutout slurry is mixed between layers of the material piles with dosage as a function of S03.
3. 3. Procedure for converting cuttings from drilling wells to raw material in the manufacture of cement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dosage is between 1.5 and 4.0%.
4. 4. Procedure for converting drilling cuttings from wells to raw material in the manufacture of cement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wells are of oil and / or gas.
5. 5. Method for discarding and recovering certain components of the fluids and drilling materials that are generated during the process of drilling oil and gas wells and the like, characterized in that it comprises extracting from the well, drilling muds, water base and oil base. , and in the stage of grinding and pre-homogenization of cement manufacture, introduce water-based perforation cuttings containing particles with size between .03 and .06 mm and introduce oil-based perforation cut-outs in the clinker manufacturing stage, for the thermal destruction of pollutants
6. 6. Cementitious compositions characterized because they include sludge from water-based perforation cuttings supplied in the crushing and pre-homogenization stage of the raw materials, that is, clays and limestones. from sludge from oil-based drilling cuttings supplied in the eta clinker manufacturing. 8. Cements produced from the cementitious compositions according to claims 6 and
7. 7.