MXPA97010198A - Method for the control of resistant populations of lepidopte - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the control of resistant populations of Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae such as Cydia pomonella (L), Laspeyresia, pomonella (L), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), and the like and the protection of fruit crops against them, comprising putting in contact with said Lepidoptera with a toxic amount of flufenoxur

Description

METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF RESISTANT POPULATIONS OF LEPIDÓPTEEROS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The Lepidoptera that feed on the fruits constitute an important world pest. Even a small percentage of infestation can be economically more significant than the monetary value of the fruit, due to the higher cost of selection before packing and the greater potential for infestation for the next season. Hibernating larvae, emerging from diapause penetrate the fruit after flowering, causing the first generation. Up to three generations can be produced during a growing season, resulting in Lepidoptera populations developing resistance to environmental toxins such as insecticides. Although numerous insecticides can effectively control Lepidoptera, most require frequent applications. As a consequence, the effectiveness of insecticides can be seriously compromised by the development of resistant populations such as Lepidoptera resistant to acylurea, resistant to pyrethroids, and resistant to organic phosphates. Therefore, one of the objectives of the present invention is to present a unique and highly effective compound that serves for the control of resistant populations of Lepidoptera. Another objective of the present invention is to present a method to increase the protection of fruit crops from the infestation and attack of Lepidoptera resistant to acylurea, resistant to pyrethroids, and resistant to organic phosphates. An advantage of the present invention is that the control method of resistant populations of Lepidoptera is harmless to beneficial insect species and is quite benign to the environment.

REF: 26065 These and other features and objectives of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description set forth below. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for the control of resistant Lepidoptera comprising contacting said Lepidoptera, their habitat, their breeding area, or their food with a toxic amount of 1- [4- (2- chloro-, a, a-tpfluoro-p-tolyloxy) -2-fluorophen? l] -3- (2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea (flufenoxuron). A method is also presented for the greater protection of fruit crops, both in development and harvested, from the attack and infestation of resistant Lepidoptera, which includes applying to said crops or to the soil or water in which they grow or the container in which they are stored, an effective amount of flufenoxuron. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Resistance is a generalized phenomenon and now resistant populations of many pests of economic importance can be found. Lepidoptera resistant to the insecticides of acylurea, pyrethroids and organic phosphates are a serious problem for the protection of fruit crops throughout the world. Resistance is defined here as: a transmissible reduction by inheritance of the sensitivity of a population of insects to the action of a pesticide, the reduction being expressed as a reduction in the frequency of individual insects affected by pesticide exposure (in comparison with the frequency observed in the same population before the initial or previous exposure) It is known that benzoylurea compounds such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,666,942 are useful for combating insects and mites. However, it has now been discovered that the specific compound, of 1 - [4- (2-chloro-a, a, a-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy) -2-fluorophenyl] -3- (2,6-difluorobepzoyl) Urea (flufenoxuron) is highly effective against resistant populations of Lepidoptera. In the specification and claims, the term "resistant populations" refers to populations resistant to acylurea, resistant to pyrethroids, resistant to carbamatesresistant to benzhydrazides and / or resistant to organic phosphates. Surprisingly, resistant populations of Lepidoptera on the order of Olethreutidae such as Cydia pomonella (L), Laspeyresia pomonella (L), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), and the like, preferably Cydia pomonella by contacting said resistant Lepidoptera, can be combated. habitat, their breeding places or their food supply, with a toxic amount of flufenoxuron. It is a particularly surprising fact that flufenoxuron, an acyl urea compound, is effective against populations of Lepidoptera resistant to acylurea. Advantageously, flufenoxuron can be used to increase the protection of fruit crops, preferably pome and stone fruits such as apples, pears, quinces, apricots, peaches and plums, more preferably pome fruits such as apples and pears. pear, of the damage caused by the attack and infestation by said resistant Lepidoptera. The methods for combating the resistant Lepidoptera and protecting the crops that are used in the present invention are harmless to the beneficial insect species and are especially suitable for application in responsible pest control programs. The effective amount of the flufenoxuron compound to be used in the method of the present invention varies according to the mode of application employed, the identity of the resistant Lepidoptera to be controlled, the degree of infestation, the nature of the host selected as target, the time of application, weather conditions and the like. Naturally, amounts greater than the effective amounts of the flufenoxuron compound can be applied, although they are not necessary for the protection of the white culture of the resistant Lepidoptera. In actual practice, an amount of about 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm, preferably about 100 ppm to 5000 ppm, of the flufenoxuron compound according to the present invention dispersed in water or other economical liquid vehicle when applied to resistant Lepidoptera or their habitat, their breeding area or their food supply. The flufenoxuron compound according to the present invention is also effective for combating resistant Lepidoptera, preferably Cydia pomonella, when applied to the foliage, branches, flowers, or fruits of the crops, or to the soil or water in which they develop. , or to the container in which the harvested fruit is stored, at a rate of approximately 5.0 g / hl to 50 g / hl, preferably from approximately 5.0 g / hl to 15 g / hl. Advantageously, while flufenoxuron according to the present invention can be used only for the effective control of resistant Lepidoptera populations, it can also be used in combination with other biological or chemical pesticide agents such as other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and the like. . The protection of fruit crops against the infestation and attack of resistant Lepidoptera, especially of Cydia pomonella, can be intensified by the application of an effective amount of the flufenoxuron compound. Said compound can be applied in the form of spray, dust, powder, granules, or the like. A suitable composition comprises an effective amount of the flufenoxuron compound and an inert liquid or solid carrier acceptable for agriculture.

To provide a clearer understanding of the present invention, the following specific examples are presented below. These examples are merely illustrative and in no way should be considered as limiting the scope and principles underlying the invention. By the way, the trained technicians will consider the various modifications that can be made to the invention evident, as well as the ones illustrated and described here, from the following examples and the previous description. Such modifications should also fall within the scope of the appended claims. Example 1 Evaluation of the Effect of Flufenoxuron on the Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Cydia oomonella. In this evaluation, two strains of C. pomonella are raised in an artificial biological medium, one sensitive and the other resistant. The sensitive strain (S) is obtained from a source maintained in the laboratory and the resistant strain (R) is obtained from a field in which the level of resistance has been observed and then kept in the laboratory by deltamethrin selection pressure. The tests are carried out on young larvae that are placed in the treated medium. The treatments are carried out using flufenoxuron formulated in the form of a dispersible concentrate (CD) at a rate of 100 g / l (commercial name CASCADE 100 CD). Observations are made 7 days after treatment. The obtained data are analyzed using the normal test method to determine the lethal concentration (CL) necessary to obtain 90% mortality (CL90) of each strain [(R) and (S)] of C. pomonella and the required concentration to obtain 50% mortality (LC50) of each strain. The results are shown in Table I. TABLE I Toxicity of Flufenoxuron against Sensitive and Resistant Strains of C. pomonella CEPA CL », C. C. pomonella (PPM) (PPM) * S 11.72 3.29 R 12.95 3 , 85 As illustrated in Table I, no difference in sensitivity to flufenoxuron was observed between the resistant and sensitive strains of C. pomonella. The resistance ratio CL 8 (R) / CL »(S) is 1.17 for the * • flufenoxuron. In comparison, the resistance rate, established in similar tests for deitamethrin, is approximately 50, and the resistance rate for diflubenzuron is approximately 10,000. Comparative Example 2 Field Evaluations of the Effect of Test Compounds on the 15 Resistant Lepidoptera In these evaluations, sites were selected in the field with a high level of resistance to diflubenzuron, deltamethrin or fosalone. All the trials were carried out in the open field at sites with resistant populations of C. pomonella. The treatments were applied using the following 20 formulations commercially available: Invention flufenoxuron CASCADE 100 DC (100 g / l dispersible concentrate) Comparative compounds 25 azinphos-methyl GUSATHION XL 25% WP (250 g / kg wettable powder) diflubenzuron DIMILIN 25% WP (250 g / kg Tetraubenzuron DART 150 sc wettable powder (150 g / l suspension concentrate) deltamethrin DECIS 25 EC 25 g / l emulsifiable concentrate) The report of each field test is given in a separate table. The comparative compounds were analyzed in doses comparable with the recommended commercial use rates. Therefore, for sensitive populations, the expected percentage efficiency values would be 80% - 100%. The results are presented as% efficiency, which designates the% reduction of the frequency of attacked fruits. To establish this% efficiency in each batch, treated and untreated, a total number of fruits (T) and the number of fruits attacked (A) are counted. The% of fruits attacked is calculated as follows A = _A. x 100 T The% efficiency is calculated using the Abbott formula discussed below. % efficacy% A (untreated) -% A (treated) x 100% A (untreated) Table II Field Evaluation of Test Compounds for the Protection of Apples against Damage Caused by C. Pomonella populations resistant to the acilúrea. Active ingredient Dosage g / hl% efficacy% A (untreated) flufenoxuron 10, 0 92 azinphos-methyl 43.75 89 diflubenzuron 10.0 23 teflubenzuron 5.0 63 untreated 0.0-499 TABLE III Field Evaluation of Test Compounds for the Protection of Apples Against Damage Caused by Populations of C Pomonella resistant to acilúrea. Active ingredient Dosage g / hl% efficacy% A (untreated) flufenoxuron 10.0 95 -azinphos-methyl 43.75 87 -diflubenzuron 10.0 24 -un-treated 0.0. 12.6 In the exposed field trials, the sites contained populations of C. pomonella with a resistance to diflubenzuron. As illustrated in Tables II and III above, flufenoxuron demonstrated a high level of efficacy against populations of c. pomonella resistant to acilúrea. TABLE IV Field Evaluation of Test Compounds for the Protection of Apples against the damage caused by Pyrethroid-resistant populations of C. Pomonella Active ingredient Dosage g / hl% d (=> efficacy% A (untreated) flufenoxuron 10.0 73 -azinphos-methyl 43.75 69 -deltamethrin 0 , 75 22 - untreated 0,0 _ 61,9 At this test site, the resistance to deltamethrin is very high.As can be seen in the previous Table IV, flufenoxurop showed a good control of the population resistant to pyrethroids .

TABLE V Field Evaluation of Test Compounds for the Protection of Apples Against Damage Caused by C. Pomonella Populations Resistant to Organic Phosphates Active Ingredient Dosage g / hl% efficacy% A (untreated) flufenoxuron 10.0 86 phosalone 60.0 10 untreated 0.0-99.1 In this test site, which is highly highly infested, the resistance to phosalone is high. As can be seen in the previous Table V, flufenoxuron demonstrated a high level of efficacy against the population resistant to organic phosphates. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (9)

2. . A method for capturing the resistances, the raised character, or the contact between said Lepidoptera, their habitat, their breeding area, or their food supply to a toxic amount of flufenoxuron. 2. The agreement is based on reiviptis 1, because Lepidoptera are resistant to acylurean, resistant to pyrethroids, resistant to caates, resistant to benzhydrazides and / or resistant to organic phosphates.
3. 3. The rà © tà © b according to the reivárfi Cardón 1, caractarizao because ks Lepidópteros are of the order of the Olethre? Tidae.
4. 4. A method to intensify the protection of fruit crops, both in development and harvested, from attack and infestation by resistant Lepidoptera, catc ized because it can be applied to these crops or to the soil or gjp in which they develop or to the container in which they are stored, an effective amount of flufenoxuron.
5. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the fruit culture is fruit of pommel or stone fruit.
6. 6. The ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
7. 7. The method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the ura flux is applied at a rate of approximately 5.0 g / hl to 50 g / hl.
8. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterizes b-because the flux Exurc is applied at a rate of approximately 5.0 g hl to 15.0 g / hl.
9. 9. The method according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized by the fact that Lepidoptera is Cydia pomonella. 1 o. The ptétoab according to the reivir? Iip = rirt? 2 or 4, charactEriza-b because the Lepidoptera is resistant to acylurea.